Erasmus Intensive Programme Radom, 07-20.04.2013
Vehicle diagnostics -EOBD- Krzysztof Górski UTH Radom 2
INTRODUCTION Poor quality of the air we breathe impacts on our health. The main sources of toxic air pollutants are: 1. anthropogenic (man-made sources) - industry (factories, refineries, power plants ) - vehicles equipped with IC engines and airplanes, - houses (heating system powered by wood, coal, gas ) 3
INTRODUCTION Poor quality of the air we breathe impacts on our health. The main sources of toxic air pollutants are: 2. natural - wildfires, - volcano eruptions, - animals (methan) 4
INTRODUCTION As traffic increases, levels of nitric oxides and unburned hydrocarbons rise and begin reacting in the presence of sunlight to produce photochemical smog. Smog in London, 1952 For four days the city of London was blanketed by a poisonous smog that reduced visibility to a few yards and led to an estimated 12,000 fatalities. 5
INTRODUCTION As traffic increases, levels of nitric oxides and unburned hydrocarbons rise and begin reacting in the presence of sunlight to produce photochemical smog. Smog in NY, 1966 Between Nov. 24 and Nov. 30, New York City documented an increase of about 24 smogrelated deaths per day. http://www.businessinsider.com/manhattan-smog-photos-1966-2013-1 6
INTRODUCTION As traffic increases, levels of nitric oxides and unburned hydrocarbons rise and begin reacting in the presence of sunlight to produce photochemical smog. Smog in Los Angeles, 1968 Smog-shrouded view of downtown Los Angeles, looking toward City Hall and the Hall of Justice, on October 7, 1968. 7
INTRODUCTION As traffic increases, levels of nitric oxides and unburned hydrocarbons rise and begin reacting in the presence of sunlight to produce photochemical smog. http://www.photoriga.com/2010/01/smog.html 8
INTRODUCTION CONSEQUENCES? For example: between 1980 and 2000 the incidence of asthma more than doubled. In the same period motor vehicle use increased from approximately 150 billion road miles to about 300 billion road miles per year. Number of vehicles * miles in the UK http://www.mansgreatestmistake.com/health-and-cars/kids-and-cars-time-we-grew-up 9
INTRODUCTION CONSEQUENCES? Impact of air pollutant on our health (short and long-term effects): irritation to the eyes, nose and throat, upper respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia, headaches, nausea, asthma and allergic reactions, cancer, heart disease, damages of the brain, liver, kidneys etc. Note: in the great "Smog Disaster" in London in 1952, four thousand people died in a few days due to the high concentrations of pollution. 10
SOLUTION??? More renewable energy instead of conventional or Siemens 6.0 MW wind turbine Kozienice 2600 MW conventional power plant 11
SOLUTION??? More solar panels instead of conventional heating systems or 12
SOLUTION??? More ZEV (electric cars, bikes, hybrides) instead of conventional cars equipped with IC engines or We hate bikes, Am I right, Stig? 13
SOLUTION??? The use of electric vehicles will allow new possibilities in pollution control, but range of electric vehicles is strongly limited (100 200 km), in winter season even less (50 km?), 14
SOLUTION??? Electric cars are usually very expensive and uncool, how it looks like Mitsubishi i-miev 33,000-35,000 15
SOLUTION??? and what about trucks? Will we build huge battery for trucks? something like this? 16
Most vehicles still have conventional petrol or diesel engines and in the next few decades, the traditional IC engines will not remain. Engines of these cars will be still improved. Even so, some of them will emit excessive aumont of toxic gases especially when the engine is broken! 17
If so, how to detect an emissions related malfunction of the IC engines? Solution? We need a diagnostic system implemented in ECU (on-board) that will detect mulfuntions of engine work. 18
Such a diagnostic system is known as: USA EU OBD II / EOBD 19
Which cars are OBDII/EOBD compatible? 1996 or newer model year vehicle (all cars and light trucks) sold in the United States must be OBD II compatible. 20
Which cars are OBDII/EOBD compatible? 2001 or newer model year gasoline vehicle sold in the European Union must be EOBD compatible. Why? Commission Directive 70/220/EEC, Annex I: 8.1. Vehicles with positive-ignition (spark ignition) engines With effect from 1 January 2000 for new types and from 1 January 2001 for all types, vehicles of category M1, except vehicles the maximum mass of which exceeds 2500 kg, and vehicles of category N1 class I, must be fitted with an on-board diagnostic (OBD) system for emission control in accordance with Annex XI. [...] 21
Which cars are OBDII/EOBD compatible? 2004 or newer model year diesel vehicle sold in the European Union must be EOBD compatible. Commission Directive 70/220/EEC, Annex I: 8.2. Vehicles with compression-ignition engines Vehicles of category M1, except - vehicles designed to carry more than six occupants including the driver, - vehicles whose maximum mass exceeds 2500 kg, from 1 January 2003 for new types and from 1 January 2004 for all types, must be fitted with an on-board diagnostic (OBD) system for emission control in accordance with Annex XI. 22
The main components of EOBD EOBD compatible car equipped with a 16-pin DLC interface computer or a handheld scan tool 23
EOBD connector - pinouts Each EOBD compatible cars must have a 16-pin connector. 24
Where is my vehicle's EOBD connector? Data Link connector must be localized in the passenger compartment of the vehicle. 25
Contest; Sacensība; Súťaž; Διαγωνισμός; Konkurs; Concours; конкурс Rules: 1. Each international group has to delegate only one student, which will participate in the contest. 2. I will show you 12 different vehicles equipped with EOBD Data Link Conectror. 3. Each vehicle will be presented in period of about 10-15 sec. 4. Please, could you write producer and model of these vehicles? 5. Student with the most correct answers wins the game and a small prize. 26
The end of the contest 27
Right answers 1 Citroen C2 2 Citroen C5 3 Opel Astra 4 Opel Vectra 5 Ford Mondeo 6 Ford C-Max 7 Chrysler 300 C 8 Chrysler Grand Voyager 9 Peugeot 2006 10 Fiat Stilo 11 Skod Fabia 12 Toyota Yaris 28
OBD-II/EOBD monitors Emission crytical faults of the engine are detected by 11 monitors. What is an OBD-II/EOBD Monitor? A monitor is a specific type of test (algorithm implemented in ECU) that the OBDII/EOBD system performs on a certain component or subsystem of the engine. 29
OBD-II/EOBD monitors If the monitor detects a fault then Mulfuntion Indicator Lamp (MIL) will illuminate on your dashboard. 30
OBD-II/EOBD monitors There are two types of monitors: Continuous, Non-Continuous 31
Continuous monitors: Comprehensive Component, Fuel system, Misfire. OBD-II/EOBD monitors These monitors run all the time as long as the key is turned on and/or the engine is running. 32
Comprehensive Component OBD-II/EOBD monitors This monitor is looking at all of the various switches and sensors that are involved with engine management. It looks for voltage readings, resistance readings, and other conditions. The monitor records readings from the vehicle s components and compares them with programmed values that reflect what the readings should be. If they differ by a certain amount, then that component is determined to be suspect. 33
OBD-II/EOBD monitors Fuel system This monitor constantly checks the amount of fuel that is used by the engine. Through the use of an oxygen sensor(s), the OBDII system can determine if more or less fuel is needed. This fuel adjustment is performed many times a second and helps to maximize fuel economy and minimizes harmful emissions. 34
OBD-II/EOBD monitors Misfire This monitor looks for any engine misfires. A misfire is when the air/fuel mixture in the engine s cylinder does not ignite. This condition can cause damage to the vehicle s engine and/or catalytic converter. In the case of a severe misfire condition, the OBDII system will cause the Malfunction Indicator Lamp to flash indicating a serious threat of damage to the catalytic converter. In the case of a flashing Malfunction Indicator Lamp, the operator should reduce speed and seek diagnostic and repair services as soon as possible. 35
OBD-II/EOBD monitors Catalyst This monitor uses the readings from oxygen sensors located before and after the catalyst(s) to determine the efficiency of the catalyst. 36
OBD-II/EOBD monitors 37
OBD-II/EOBD monitors Heated Catalyst Some vehicles may have an electrically heated catalyst. This heater helps warm up a cold catalyst faster so that it can start working sooner which leads to earlier reduction of harmful emissions. This monitor will check to make sure that the catalyst heater is working. 38
OBD-II/EOBD monitors Evaporative System This monitor works to ensure that the Evaporative System (EVAP) is kept in a condition to minimize the release of gasoline vapors. 39
Secondary Air System OBD-II/EOBD monitors Some vehicles are equipped with a secondary air system, or air injection system. The air injection system is designed to place extra oxygen into the exhaust stream to reduce exhaust pollutants. This monitor checks the components, switches, and solenoids that are part of the air injection system 40
A/C (Air Conditioning) System In some older vehicles, this monitor was intended to monitor the vehicle s air conditioning system if it had the older R-12 style of refrigerant. Since R-12 is harmful to the ozone layer of the earth s atmosphere, a leaking air conditioning system needed to be repaired as soon as possible. Several years ago, R-12 was banned from use; therefore, this monitor will show up as Unsupported on most newer vehicles. OBD-II/EOBD monitors 41
OBD-II/EOBD monitors O2 (Oxygen) Sensor The O2 Sensor Monitor watches for the performance of the vehicle s oxygen sensors. Oxygen sensors are used to fine tune the amount of fuel that is used by the engine. These adjustments are made several times a second and have a direct impact on fuel economy and emissions reductions. When an oxygen sensor goes bad, the vehicle will usually begin to use more fuel than it needs to, thereby increasing the amount of harmful emissions. 42
OBD-II/EOBD monitors EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) System Many vehicles are equipped with an EGR system. This emissions control system is designed to reduce nitric oxide tailpipe emissions by reducing the temperature inside the engine s combustion chamber. This monitor checks the components of the EGR system to ensure that it is working properly and that there is sufficient flow of exhaust gas through the system. 43
Oxygen Sensor Heater OBD-II/EOBD monitors Some oxygen sensors include an electric heater to help them warm up quicker and to begin operating faster. This monitor ensures that the heater circuit of the oxygen sensor is working properly. Oxygen Sensor Heater 44
Diagnostic trouble codes and Freeze frame When a malfunction occurs, the DTC code is stored in the ECU memory. Code helps to indicate the circuit in which a fault has been detected. Simultaneously, the EOBD system will store selected parameters of engine work at the time that the DTC set. These data are called Freeze frame. 45
Diagnostic trouble codes and Freeze frame Examples of DTC: P0500 - Vehicle Speed Sensor Malfunction, P0606 - ECU Processor Fault, P B C U - PowerTrain - Body - Chassis - Network http://www.pikit.co.uk/peugeotmt/eobd%20p%20codes%20explained.html 46
Diagnostic trouble codes and Freeze frame Examples of freeze frames: 47
Ok., in general we know how the EOBD system works but, how it can be used in the real world? We need a hardware (a handheld scan tool or laptop) and software 48
Hardware and software We need an interface connected to computer and to DLC. 49
Moreover, we need a software Hardware and software 50
Hardware and software 51
Hardware and software 52
Hardware and software 53
The end of the lecture 54