IMMIGRANTS IN WASHINGTON STATE MARK ELLIS PROFESSOR OF GEOGRAPHY AND CENTER FOR STUDIES IN DEMOGRAPHY AND ECOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON QUESTIONS: ELLISM@U.WASHINGTON.EDU TABLES AND CHARTS AVAILABLE AT: faculty.washington.edu/ellism HOW MANY? WHEN DID THEY ARRIVE? WHERE DO THEY COME FROM? WHAT ARE THEIR DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS? ADDITIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF CURRENT IMMIGRATION TO CONSIDER: HOW MANY DESCENDENTS OF TODAYS IMMIGRANTS -THE ERATION? WHAT ARE THEIR DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS? RESULTS BASED ON MARCH CURRENT POPULATION SURVEY, 1997-2001
HOW MANY IMMIGRANTS? IN 1999 THERE WERE: 434,957 IMMIGRANTS IN WASHINGTON 7.7% OF THE STATE S POPULATION 630,701 BORN DESCENDENTS OF IMMIGRANTS - THE ERATION 11.1% OF THE STATE S POPULATION 18.8% OF STATE POPULATION IS STOCK.
CONCENTRATION WITHIN THE STATE? SEATTLE-TACOMA-BREMERTON METRO AREA IN 1999: 59.8% OF THE STATE S POPULATION 65% OF THE STATE S IMMIGRANTS 64.4% OF THE ERATION SO IMMIGRANTS, AND THE SECOND GENERATION, ARE ONLY SLIGHTLY OVERREPRESENTED IN THE SEATTLE METRO AREA
SOURCES OF IMMIGRATION TOP TEN SOURCE COUNTRIES FOR SELECT STATES, 1999: US % CA % NY % WA % Mexico 28.54 Mexico 43.28 Dom Rep 12.69 Mexico 23.49 Philippines 4.49 Philippines 7.95 Mexico 4.89 Philippines 10.52 Cuba 3.59 El Salvador 4.56 Jamaica 4.73 Russia 9.29 China 3.21 Vietnam 4.38 Russia 4.49 Canada 8.50 Vietnam 3.17 China 4.21 China 4.37 Laos 4.78 India 2.95 Korea 2.76 Italy 3.99 Vietnam 4.08 El Salvador 2.89 Guatemala 2.69 Guyana 3.69 Ukraine 3.72 Dom Rep 2.59 India 2.19 Ecuador 3.58 England 3.47 Korea 2.29 Iran 1.80 Colombia 3.53 Korea 2.64 Canada 2.17 Taiwan 1.59 Haiti 3.19 Taiwan 2.64
WHICH GROUPS DISPROPORTIONATELY CONCENTRATE IN SELECT STATES? CONCENTRATION RATIO = % IMMIGRANT GROUPINSTATEi % US POPULATION INSTATEi FOR GROUPS WITH ONE OR MORE PERCENT OF THE US IMMIGRANT POPULATION, 1999 CA RATIO FL RATIO NY RATIO WA RATIO Guatemala 4.32 Cuba 13.78 Dom Rep 9.47 Russia 4.11 Philippines 4.31 Haiti 8.66 Jamaica 6.31 Canada 2.87 El Salvador 3.83 Jamaica 5.20 Russia 5.22 Taiwan 1.78 Mexico 3.69 Colombia 5.04 Italy 5.05 Philippines 1.72 Taiwan 3.56 England 1.88 Poland 4.17 England 1.43 NOTE: OF THE TOP TEN GROUPS IN WASHINGTON, MEXICANS, KOREANS, AND VIETNAMESE ARE UNDERREPRESENTED. LAOTIANS AND UKRAINIANS ARE OVERREPRESENTED IN WA BUT THEIR SHARE OF US IMMIGRANT POPULATION IS LESS THAN ONE PERCENT.
Mississippi Alabama West Virginia Kentucky South Carolina Tennessee Louisiana Arkansas Missouri South Dakota Oklahoma Wyoming Indiana Georgia Ohio Montana North Carolina Iowa North Dakota Wisconsin Kansas Nebraska Delaware Minnesota Pennsylvania Maine Vermont Idaho Utah Alaska Michigan Virginia New Maryland New Mexico Colorado DC Washington Oregon Illinois United States Connecticut Texas Massachusetts Rhode Island Nevada Arizona New Jersey Florida New York Hawaii California STOCK 1999 (Source March CPS) Percent Foreign Born Percent Second Generation WASHINGTON UNITED STATES 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% Percent Foreign Stock
IMMIGRANTS BY ARRIVAL TIME, SELECT STATES (Source: March CPS) Arrived before 1965 Arrived 1965-1990 Arrived since 1990 STATE (number of immigrants, 1999) OREGON (289203 ) 14% 42% 45% WASHINGTON (434,957) 43% 47% ILLINOIS (1207954 ) 13% 50% 37% TEXAS (2555856 ) 9% 53% 39% FLORIDA (2655477 ) 16% 48% 36% NEW YORK (3752147 ) 52% 36% CALIFORNIA (8708247) 8% 62% 30% UNITED STATES (28,470,164) 52% 37% 0% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% PERCENTAGE ARRIVED
AGE DISTRIBUTION OF S, IMMIGRANTS AND THE ERATION (SOURCE: MARCH CPS, 1997-2001) 100% 90% 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+ UNITED STATES CALIFORNIA WASHINGTON 9% 9% 7% 17% 80% 22% 24% 22% 23% 9% 23% 22% 70% 13% 15% 60% 17% 50% 40% 31% 44% 9% 32% 47% 33% 46% 24% 7% 30% 9% 55% 27% 41% 27% 26% 13% 32% 0%
100% 90% 80% 70%,, AND ERATION SHARE OF AGE COHORTS (SOURCE: MARCH CPS, 1997-2001) 17% 4% 6% 7% 15% Native Foreign Second Generation UNITED STATES CALIFORNIA WASHINGTON 19% 41% 22% 37% 30% 23% 14% 3% 9% 8% 8% 6% 60% 28% 23% 9% 50% 40% 79% 78% 79% 82% 72% 83% 81% 81% 82% 74% 30% 50% 49% 53% 60% 54% 65+ 45-64 25-44 18-24 0-17 65+ 45-64 25-44 18-24 0-17 65+ 45-64 25-44 18-24 0-17 0%
100% EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT OF S, IMMIGRANTS, AND THE SECOND GENERATION (SOURCE: MARCH CPS, 1997-2001) USA CALIF WAS 90% 22.6 22.5 23.4 27.3 20.3 22.9 24.4 23.1 26.1 80% GRADE 70% 60% 50% 28.4 17.9 24.5 27.2 36.2 18.8 20.6 33.0 35.7 19.6 26.5 30.5 BA + 1-3 yrs Coll HS Grad 9th-11th 4th-8th 40% 0-4th 30% 0% 34.3 10.4 3.6 12.7 15.5 30.7 11.9 5.6 27.1 7.8 1.3 13.7 17.7 26.3 12.4 3.9 30.6 7.5 1.6 14.3 10.8 32.8 7.9 2.7
INCOME BY POVERTY LEVEL (SOURCE: MARCH CPS, 1997-2001) 100% USA CALIF WASH 90% 80% 70% 53% 38% 44% 58% 35% 40% 57% 36% 55% INCOME BY POVERTY LEVEL >3 60% 2-3 50% 18% 18% 17% 16% 21% 1.5-2 1-1.5 40% 30% 18% 9% 14% 16% 8% 13% 16% 14% 18% 7% 18% 8% 16% <1 8% 8% 8% 5% 18% 15% 19% 16% 0%
HEALTH INSURANCE RATES ACTUAL AND ADJUSTED (SOURCE: MARCH CPS, 1997-2001) ERATION ADJUSTED * Massachusetts Pennsylvania Michigan Maryland Virginia New Jersey Illinois Florida WASHINGTON New York UNITED STATES California Texas Arizona 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% PERCENTAGE INSURED * S AND ERATION ADJUSTED TO NATIONAL FREQUENCIES OF RACE, AGE, AND INCOME. -BORN ADJUSTED TO NATIONAL FREQUENCIES OF INCOME, AGE, LENGTH OF TIME IN US, AND CITIZENSHIP