Answer Key Vocabulary Practice A. Synonyms or Antonyms 1. synonym 2. antonym 3. antonym 4. synonym 5. antonym 6. antonym B. Stepped-Out Vocabulary 1. A species that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem; its loss greatly impacts its ecosystem; a beaver is a keystone species 2. An organism that eats both plants and animals; omnivores are often generalists; most humans are omnivores 3. An organism that breaks down organic matter into smaller compounds; a type of detritivore; fungi are decomposers C. Word Origins 1. the study of our home (Earth) 2. photosynthesis uses light energy to join together chemical compounds to form carbohydrates 3. a carnivore eats flesh 4. an herbivore eats vegetation 5. a detritivore breaks down organic matter into smaller pieces 6. an omnivore eats all things, plants and animals 7. chemosynthesis uses chemical energy to join together chemical compounds to form carbohydrates 8. an autotroph makes its own nourishment 9. a heterotroph eats other organisms to get its nourishment 10. a biogeochemical cycle follows the path of a chemical in both the living and geological (or earth) parts of an ecosystem 11. the hydrologic cycle is the water cycle 12. mass of living things in a given area D. Categorize Words 1. wind, A; sunlight, A; deer, B 2. soil, A; sunflower, B; water, A 3. fungus, B; snow, A; eagle, B 4. temperature, A; prairie dog, B; frog, B E. Find the Odd Word 1. plant; a carnivore is a consumer 2. producer; a decomposer is a type of detritivore 3. autotroph; both omnivores and herbivores are consumers (heterotrophs) 4. keystone species; an energy pyramid is made up of different trophic levels F. What s the Difference? 1. a producer makes its own food from nonliving resources; a consumer gets its energy by eating other organisms 2. chemosynthesis is the process by which an organism forms carbohydrates by using chemicals as an energy source; in photosynthesis, light is used as the energy source 3. a food chain shows a simple sequence that links one producer to one consumer and so on; a food web shows the complex network of feeding relationships within an ecosystem 4. a community is a group of different species that live together in one area; an ecosystem includes communities of different species along with all the abiotic factors within the area as well G. Crossword Puzzle Across 1. energy pyramid 3. trophic level 6. biogeochemical cycle 7. ecosystem 8. biodiversity 10. biome Down 2. nitrogen fixation 4. decomposer 5. specialist 6. biomass 7. ecology Holt McDougal Biology Principles of Ecology
CHAPTER 13 PRCPLES OF ECOLOGY Vocabulary Practice ecology keystone species herbivore trophic level community producer carnivore food web ecosystem autotroph omnivore biomass biome biotic abiotic biodiversity consumer heterotroph chemosynthesis food chain detritivore decomposer specialist generalist energy pyramid A. Synonyms or Antonyms dentify the words in each pair as synonyms, which are words that mean roughly the same thing, or antonyms, which are words that mean roughly the opposite. 1. producer/autotroph 2. specialist/generalist 3. biotic/abiotic 4. consumer/heterotroph 5. chemosynthesis/photosynthesis 6. herbivore/meat-eater B. Stepped-Out Vocabulary are related to the word. Define each word. Then write two additional facts that WORD DEFTO MORE FORMATO Example herbivore an organism that eats plants primary consumer a cow is an herbivore 1. keystone species 2. omnivore 3. decomposer Holt McDougal Biology 1 Principles of Ecology
C. Word Origins Circle the Greek and Latin word parts in each vocabulary term. Then use the Greek and Latin meanings to construct a very basic definition of the vocabulary word. bio- = life auto- = self carnus = flesh eco- = home hetero- = different omnis = all syn- = together chemo- = chemical detrere = to wear away -vore = eat photo- = light geo- = earth -troph = nourishment -logy = study of hydro- = water herba = vegetation WORD 1. ecology 2. photosynthesis 3. carnivore 4. herbivore 5. detritivore 6. omnivore 7. chemosynthesis 8. autotroph 9. heterotroph 10. biomass DEFTO D. Categorize Words Write A next to words that can describe abiotic factors. Write B next to words that can describe biotic factors. 1. wind sunlight deer 2. soil sunflower water 3. fungus snow eagle 4. temperature prairie dog frog Holt McDougal Biology 2 Principles of Ecology
E. Find the Odd Word explain why. Place a check mark next to the word that does not belong and 1. consumer Explanation carnivore plant 2. detritivore Explanation producer decomposer 3. omnivore Explanation autotroph herbivore 4. trophic level Explanation energy pyramid keystone species F. What s the Difference? between the two terms. 1. producer/consumer For each pair of words below, describe the difference 2. chemosynthesis/photosynthesis 3. food chain/food web 4. community/ecosystem Holt McDougal Biology 3 Principles of Ecology
G. Crossword Puzzle Use the clues to solve the puzzle. Across Down 1. A diagram that compares energy use among trophic levels 3. Level of nourishment in a food chain 6. Movement of a particular chemical through the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem 7. All of the organisms as well as the abiotic factors in a given area 8. The variety of living things in an ecosystem 10. A major regional or global community of 7. organisms 2. The process by which gaseous nitrogen is converted into ammonia 4. Detritivore that breaks down organic matter into simpler compounds 5. A consumer that primarily eats one specific organism 6. The measure of the total dry mass of organisms in a given area The study of the interactions among living things, and between living things and their surroundings 1. 2. 3. T R 4. 5. O 6. B O G E O C H E M C A L C Y C L E 8. 10. E F X A T O 7. 9. Holt McDougal Biology 4 Principles of Ecology