Pervasive Computing (A Very Short Introduction) Nicola Dragoni Embedded Systems Engineering Section DTU Informatics Technical University of Denmark These slides have been found on the Web and adapted for this talk. Most of the original material is by Dr Andy Hunt, Electronics Department, University of York. 1
What s in this Room? Anything electronic which processes information Typically we find Mobile Phones PDAs Laptop computers Games consoles (hopefully turned off...) Mp3 players Any other info processing devices? 2
What Else is Here? Passive information storage Bank cards with chip-&-pin Products with RFID tag Anyone got a device inside? Pacemaker Diabetic insulin release 3
Energy Processing Humans used own energy Helped by animals and devices Industrial revolution Energy was harnessed or generated (e.g. steam engines) Expanding human physical power 4
Energy Processing (2) Energy decentralised Power stations National Grid distributed power Individual engines mobility Energy made pervasive Application-driven devices Battery power Miniaturisation 5
Information Processing MAINFRAME ERA Humans used own brainpower Helped by paper and devices Computer revolution Information was harnessed Expanding human mental power 1940s: IBM president I think there is a world market for about 5 computers. Thomas J Watson 1946: ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer 6
Information Processing (2) PERSONAL COMPUTING ERA Computing Decentralised Bill Gates (early 1970s) IBM 360 mid 1960s PCs Laptops Wireless Self-powered Multimedia < 70 A computer on every desktop and in every home PDP-11: early 1970s One Laptop per Child: 2007 Sub-notebooks mid-2000s IBM PC Convertible 1986 IBM PC (DOS) 1981 7
Information Processing (3) PERVASIVE COMPUTING ERA Devices which do NOT look like computers, but : Process data Store information Connect to: other devices and/or the Internet Pervasive Computing Focus on the application Often portable, low-power, always connected 8
Computing Eras Mainframe Many people, one computer Fixed, central location PC One person, one computer Fixed location, decentralised Pervasive (Ubiquitous) One person, many computers The same computer is used by many users 9
The Trends... 10
New User Model! From M:1 [MAINFRAME ERA].. to 1:1 [PERSONAL COMPUTING ERA].. to M:N [PERVASIVE COMPUTING ERA] 11
Pervasive Computing: One Person, Many Devices 12
Pervasive Computing: One Device, Many Users 13
The Father of Pervasive Computing 1990s: Mark Weiser (Xerox PARC) First to talk about Ubiquitous Computing Weiser s principles (source Wikipedia) Mark Weiser: 1952-99 The purpose of a computer is to help you do something else The best computer is a quiet, invisible servant The more you can do by intuition the smarter you are Technology should create calm Please read The Computer for the 21st Century (1991) http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/sciamdraft3.html More information here: http://www-sul.stanford.edu/weiser/ 14
Principles of Pervasive Computing Decentralisation Mainframe PDAs and Embedded Computers Distributed, Peer-2-Peer, Mobile, Small, Powerful Diversification Universal (Task) specific devices Huge number of new Clients Connectivity Data exchanged between (always-on) devices Wireless connection / internet Simplicity Seamless interfaces, intuitive, calm 15
Scenario: Smart Home 16
Scenario: Pervasive Healthcare Biological monitoring Pervasive computing in hospitals Assistive technologies Eldercare Homecare and treatment Medicine compliance... 17
Scenario: Environmental & Green Computing Monitoring energy consumptions in homes and buildings (sensor network) Visualizing & Awareness Pollution monitoring Garbage handling Environmental Monitoring 18
Scenario: Smart Spaces Device intensive environments i-land GAIA ispace / Stanford Classroom 2000 19
Scenario: Automotive Computing On-board Computers & In-Vehicle Networks GPS Navigation Infotainment Telematic Services 20
In General... Smart Objects! The MediaCup first presented at HUC 1999 Embed intelligence in everyday objects Sensors, cpu,... Wireless connectivity Now: Internet of Things (IoT) 21
Internet Of Things (IoT) 22
Internet Of Things (IoT) in Numbers! 23
The Internet of Everything 24
The Power of Mobile Convergence 25
The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it. [Mark Weiser: 1952-99] 26