The ABC of Direct Attach Cables

The ABC of Direct Attach Cables Thomas Ko, RCDD Product Manager TE Connectivity

Network Speed and Technology

10/40/100 Gbps the transition is occurring right now

What are Customers Saying about their 10/40/100 GbE Migration Plans? 10G 40G 100G Year 100 Mbps 1G 10G 40G 100G 2011 23% 25% 25% 17% 9% 2013 9% 18% 24% 26% 23% Source: BSRIA Global Data Center End User Study, 2011. 335 respondents in six countries

Copper- and Fiber-Based Equipment Interconnect Options Will Continue Server speed adoption (x86 million server units) 30 25 20 15 10 100G 40G 10G 1G 5 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Connection Speed: 10G 40G 100G Copper SFP+ Twinax Cat 6A QSFP+ Twinax CXP Twinax LC Multimode Fiber SFP+ Twinax Copper Fiber LC MMF (with Transceiver) MPO 12-F MMF (with Transceiver) MPO 24-F MMF (with Transceiver)

How They Connect Types of interfaces for Ethernet Copper - RJ45 Fiber : Build-in modules LC / SC / MPO Pluggable Transceivers Modules

Introducing Pluggable Modules OR

Example Picture from Cisco manual

Pluggable Transceivers Some of the commonly available pluggables

Components of a Pluggable Lightpipe Interface Heatsink and clip Cage PT Connector Direct attach copper cable Active optical cable Optical transceiver module Optical cable

Standards Drive the Market for High Speed interfaces

Connectivity To Support Short Reach DC Applications? 1 x 10Gb/s SC Duplex 1 x 10Gb/s SC Duplex 1 x 10Gb/s LC Duplex 1 x 10Gb/s LC Duplex 4 x 10Gb/s MPO/MTP 10 x 10Gb/s MPO/MTP 4 x 10Gb/s 10 x 10Gb/s MPO/MTP XENPAK X2 XFP SFP+ QSFP+ CXP CFP (1 st. Generation) RJ45 Twisted Cu Pair Direct Attach Twin Ax Cu to 15m ~ 2001 10Gb/s 40Gb/s 100Gb/s 40 / 100Gb/s Today

Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) Supports applications up to 4 Gb/s Cages available in single port, ganged, and stacked configurations Stacked cages have integrated connectors, press-fit in one process step Uses 20 position PT (Pluggable Transceiver) connector Direct attach copper cable assemblies for lower cost with short reach

page 14 / 2012 年 11 月 29 日 星 期 四 SFP+ Supports applications up to 10Gb/s, backward compatible with SFP Cages offered in single port, ganged, and stacked configurations Elastomeric gaskets and springs for EMI containment Uses enhanced 20 position PT connector Direct attach copper and fiber cable assemblies offered

page 15 / 2012 年 11 月 29 日 星 期 四 QSFP+ (Quad SFP) 4-channels in one interface, providing 3-4X density of XFP, SFP+ Up to 10 Gb/s per channel, total 40G interface Cages offered in single port and ganged configurations Heatsinks and lightpipes available Uses 38 position EVERCLEAR connector Direct attach copper and PARALIGHT optical cable assemblies offered

CXP High density up to 12X, supporting 10Gb/s per channel Adopted for 120G InfiniBand and 100G Ethernet 84 position dual row connector interface Designed to support copper and optical links

Direct Attach Cable Assemblies - Copper Support higher data rates than traditional copper interfaces from 4Gbps to 10Gbps per channel Interchangeable and hot swappable with fiber optic modules Cost effective solution over optical transceivers and cables for short reach applications Support multiple protocols - Gigabit & 10G Ethernet; 8G FC; FCoE; InfiniBand SDR, DDR & QDR CXP, SFP+, QSFP, XFP, SFP

Direct Attach Cable Assemblies - Fiber An alternative to optical transceivers - eliminates the separable interface between transceiver module and optical cable Meets Small Form-factor (SFF) standards No Equipment Upgrades Up to 40Gb/s throughput with QSFP+ 100 meters plus reach Low latency (840ps + fiber prop delay) No EMI Optical Cable Advantages 1/3 Size of Copper Cable 3.0 mm O.D. 1/3 Weight of Copper Cable

Applications: High Speed Direct Attach Cable Assemblies High Speed I/O applications in storage, networking and telecom markets Switches, servers, routers, network interface cards (NICs), Host Bus Adapters (HBAs) High Density and High Data Throughput Direct Pluggable Cables include Copper Cable Assemblies Fiber Optic Cable Assemblies

Application: Data Center

Equipment Distribution Areas Entrance Room Horizontal Equipment Distribution Area Distribution Area Main Distribution Area Direct Attach Cable Assemblies Copper Systems Fiber Systems SFP+ QSFP Active Optical Cable Assembly Cat 6 Gigabit Cat 6A 10 Gigabit Optical Jumpers Trunk Cables

ToR Connectivity Option Direct Attach Cables Connects active platforms with no patching up to 15m. QSFP+ and SFP+ cords to switch, server and router for rack connections For speeds of up to 10G/s - SFP+ cables For speeds of up to 40G/s QSFP+ cables For distances greater than 15m fiber optic Direct Attach cables can be used.

Data Center DAC Application Low Cost for Short Reach SFP+ Direct Attach the optimal solution for short reach 10 G interconnects. Through aggregation, SFP+ Direct Attach also provides a low cost upgrade path for higher speed (40 G and 100 G) interconnects. Best apply ToR, and even EoR

Reach of DAC Cables For cables that operate at a data rate of 10Gb/s per differential pair the typical reach for 24 AWG cable is about 7 meters, for active copper cables a reach of about 15 meters can be achieved. For some applications customers desire smaller wire gauge for improved flexibility, which shortens the reach For new standards that are in process of being developed to support data rates of 25 to 28 Gb/s per differential pair the targeted reach is about 5 meters for 24 AWG cable (IEEE, Fibre Channel, InfiniBand, etc)

40GBE over Copper QSFP Modular Interface Included in 802.3ba standard 8-pair Twin-ax Cable Assembly 7m (23ft) reach Similar application space as 10G SFP+Cu for ToR/POD layouts Larger OD vs. SFP+ QSFP OD: 0.36in/9.2mm (24AWG) SFP+ OD: 0.22in/5.6mm (24AWG) QSFP Cable Assembly

100GBE over Copper CXP Modular Interface (similar to 12X IB) 20-pair twin-ax cable assembly Cable is large approx 0.5in (12mm) OD 7m (23ft) reach Under research to understand market need May transition to 25G x 4 in QSFP form factor in future 20-pair twinax, approx 0.5 in. OD CXP Form Factor

40GBE over Multimode Fiber QSFP transceiver with 12 fiber MTP/MPO connector Uses outside 4 fibers on each side for Tx and Rx OM3: 100m, OM4: 150m QSFP Active Optical Cable QSFP SR Transceiver 01 MTP Cable Assembly 12

100GBE over Multimode Fiber 100G over MMF requires CFP / CXP module Most CFP will use 24 fiber MTP interface CXP for Short Reach application CFP for Longer Reach application 10GBASE-SR10 CFP with 24 fiber MTP Interface 01 24 CXP Interface

Hybrid (QSFP / SFP+) Product Type: Active Optical Cable QSFP (40GbE) to 4 x SFP+ (10GbE) Fan Out Release and Roadmap Dates Application Infiniband Ethernet Data Rate QDR (10G) 10GBASE-SR 40GBASE-SR4 Microsoft is in the process of connecting their servers with 10GbE fiber connections. With the number of connections they require, they are opting to purchase switches with 40GbE blades and splitting the connections into four individual 10 Gig channels.

40G 100G Ethernet Reach 1m Backplane 7m copper cable assembly 100m OM3/ 150m OM4 10km SMF 40km SMF 40 Gigabit Ethernet PMD Name 40GBASE-KR4 40GBASE-CR4 40GBASE-SR4 40GBASE-LR4 Signaling 4 x 10Gbps 4 x 10Gbps 4 x 10Gbps 4 x 10Gbps Media Backplane Twin-ax Parallel MMF Duplex SMF Module QSFP QSFP CFP/QSFP 100 Gigabit Ethernet PMD Name 100GBASE-CR10 100GBASE-SR10 100GBASE- LR4 100GBASE- ER4 Signaling 10 x 10Gbps 10 x 10Gbps 4 x 25Gbps 4 x 25Gbps Media Twin-ax Parallel MMF Duplex SMF Duplex SMF Module CXP CFP or CXP CFP CFP

100GbE Market Overview

Fibre Channel Industry Association Roadmap Product Naming Throughput (MBps) Line Rate (GBaud) T11 Spec Technically Completed (Year) Market Availability (Year) 1GFC 200 1.0625 1996 1997 SFP 2GFC 400 2.125 2000 4GFC 800 4.25 2003 8GFC 1600 8.5 2006 16GFC 3200 14.025 2009 32GFC 6400 28.05 2012 64GFC 12800 TBD 2015 2001 2005 2008 2011 2014 Market Demand SFP SFP SFP+ SFP+ SFP+, QSFP+ 128GFC 25600 TBD 2018 256GFC 12800 TBD 2021 Market Demand Market Demand LC Multimode jumper (with Transceiver) 512GFC 25600 TBD 2024 Market Demand FC used throughout all applications for Fibre Channel infrastructure and devices, including edge and ISL interconnects. Each speed maintains backward compatibility at least two previous generations (I.e., 8GFC backward compatible to 4GFC and 2GFC) Line Rate: All FC speeds are single-lane serial stream Dates: Future dates estimated page 33 / December 2011

InfiniBand Trade Association Roadmap CXP CX4 QSFP MPO Multimode + QSFP Transceiver SFP LC Multimode jumper + SFP Transceiver

Summary DAC cables are a cost effective, proven solution for interconnecting networking applications Use the same port as an optical transceiver, but with significant cost savings and power savings in short reach applications The products are continuing to evolve to meet industry needs of higher data rates and densities with low power consumption Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and InfiniBand standards are increasing in speed to support this increase