The role of automobile transport in hubs service

50 International Journal of Advanced Studies, Volume 5, no. 3 (2015) ISSN 2328-1391 (print), ISSN 2227-930X (online) International Journal of Advanced Studies (ijas) 2015, Vol. 5, No 3, pp. 50-54 DOI: 10.12731/2227-930X-2015-3-8 Received July 20, 2015; revised June 11, 2015; accepted August 27, 2015 & Publishing House Science and Innovation Center, Ltd. The role of automobile transport in hubs service Kirill Iurievich Bely Student, Department of «Road transport» elutsenko07@gmail.com Igor Viktorovich Domnin Ph.D. in Economics, OOO «Realtrans» svd@realtrans.ru Elizaveta Aleksandrovna Lutsenko Russian Federation, Postgraduate Student, Department of «Road transport» elutsenko07@gmail.com Dmitry Gennadievich Moroz Ph. D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of «Road transport» dgm1984@mail.ru Abstract. Article contains approaches to development and functioning of transport-logistic nodes hubs in modern conditions. There is hub classification and examples of them on different transport modes. An important component in providing reliability of hub work is automobile transport. Keywords: hub; hub classification; transport-logistic node. Introduction The volume of freight increases with the developments of globalization and the removal of barriers in the movement of goods. According to experts of the consulting company McKinsey by 2020 the growth of the world trade volume leads to multiple growth of demand for modern logistics services (despite the slowdown in economic

Ostroukh A.V., Yartsev M.I., Surkova N.E. 51 development in response to the change of the situation in the country). The remoteness of producers from places of consumption brings increased logistics costs. In these conditions the reduction of logistics costs that can provide infrastructure and technological decisions in the form of creating a system of hubs becomes particularly significant. [5] Originally, the term hub means center, node and concentrator. [12] Transportation hub is characterized by the capability of handling large volumes of goods delivered by different transport modes such as road, railway, air, water and its effectiveness depends on the level of organization of the formation system and management of freight and passenger flows. In transportation hubs the cargo transshipment in enlarged loading units (containers) is usually carried out from one vehicle to another to transport cargoes towards to the node. This form of hub development allows combining all cargo flows in one place, minimizing goods handling time and also increasing the range of offered services, i.e. in addition to handling and warehousing, there is a redistribution of goods to different regions. in Asia (Bangkok (Thailand), Shanghai and Tianjin (PRC), Gwangyang and Busan (Korea), Singapore) keep its competitive advantages in increase of this logistics component. Special attention is paid to expanding the variety of logistics services directly in the port to increase profitability and reach new levels of advancement. [5] The hub in air transport is called an airport used by an airline or airline Alliance as a transshipment point with a high percentage of connecting flights. The construction principle of the hub was designed as a result of deregulation of U.S. airlines. Before the creation of the hub-and-spoke airlines have worked by the principle of the route point-to-point (from one destination to another) that has not often been effective. [4] This system consists of located in the center hub resembling the wheel as node and spokes as numerous radial road routes that link the rail terminal with the client that is why it is called hub-and-spoke (fig. 1). [6] The concept of the system is to concentrate traffic delivered from smaller national airports (spokes) in one airline hub. Foreign practice of hub development In foreign practice the transportation system through transportation hubs has emerged in air transport and now extends transportation linking railway and road and railway, road and sea transport modes. [7] The infrastructure and model of hub development depend on many factors: aims of building, movement of transport flows within the country etc. Such project can appear as a result of private initiative of one or several participants or with the participation of the state and have a well-defined concept. In some countries (e.g. Spain and Italy) the state acted as the investor of the logistics centers but more often there are private investors. The change in the concept of sea ports and airports is also associated with a wider range of functional tasks. Today all major global and regional ports Fig. 1. Scheme of the traffic distribution hub-and-spoke system Besides this system also exists another one called sandglass because it s graph resembles hourglass. It is characterized by typical cargo flow from North to South or from West to East, concentrated in the hub for distribution between destinations on South or East (fig. 2).

52 International Journal of Advanced Studies, Volume 5, no. 3 (2015) Fig. 2. Schemes of the traffic distribution sandglass system [3] Three types of hubs can be selected from the world practice: international, secondary and regional (fig. 3). Fig. 3. Scheme of cooperation of different transport modes in hubs In international hubs strategic alliances focus its traffic and they are characterized by high share of cargo flow. National airports play the role of feeders for international hubs. In this case transit cargo flow is lower than in international hubs. Secondary hubs are characterized by low transit cargo and passenger flow. There is no transit cargo traffic in regional hubs on the whole. Thus the type of the current Moscow air transport node can be determined using the segmentation of the world market of air transportation. On this classification Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo airports can be called international, and Vnukovo is secondary hub. Therefore, to form the first hub in Russia there is a necessity of further development of strategy for increasing traffic in a separate airport and transit cargo flow. It should be noted that even after implementing these strategies Moscow hub will not be able to compete at international level with air hubs such as Heathrow, Charles De Gaulle or Frankfurt-am-Main. In that way capital hub is going to remain domestic for Russia in most cases and its flows are oriented inside the country. [6] Examples of international hubs also include Geneva airport Swiss commercial airport, where its Northern boundary of the territory runs along the state border between Switzerland and France so actually the airport building is used by two countries. It makes possible to consider this airport as the cargo hub of the European Union in Switzerland. [8] Almost all U.S. airports have international status; their flights are performed here from all over the

Ostroukh A.V., Yartsev M.I., Surkova N.E. 53 world, for instance, the airports in New-York, Miami, Boston, Houston, Los-Angeles and many others. All major U.S. carriers use all of them as hubs: American Airlines, Delta, United Airlines and Virgin. [10] The emergence of Maritime hubs has happened through allocation of trunk lines on routes that link between each other few enlarged ports on each coast and feed systems of Maritime routes to these ports from closest ports on the seacoast. The corresponding centerline ports are hubs and their feeding routes and ports are feeders. In world Maritime transport network there was a tendency to growth the share of goods in containers, it has led to the necessity to handle larger vessels for transshipment on feeder vessels with subsequent delivery to the destination point. It is possible to refer to Maritime hubs those ones: international Rotterdam and Hamburg (Germany); regional Riga (Latvia), Tallinn (Estonia), Klaipeda (Lithuania), Hanna-Kotka (Finland); secondary Valencia on the basis of three Mediterranean ports of Spain such as Valencia (dominant port is 85% of all traffic), Sagunto (14%), Gandia (1%). [11] Rotterdam and Hamburg are the largest Maritime hubs where cargoes are collected from North and South America, Southeast Asia. For Russia, these hubs are of particular interest because the Baltic Sea ports, such as St. Petersburg and Ust-Luga, can t be ports of direct calls for marine vessels. Ports connection is realized by feeder services either directly or through neighboring countries. However, these neighboring countries efficiently use their geographical advantage and make port capacity near Russian borders. In the Baltic region it is Finland, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia; in the South it is Romania (Constanta port); in the East it is South Korea (Busan port). Hub Valencia is characterized by an advantageous transport and geographical location: among all Mediterranean ports it is the least removed from transoceanic trade route connecting the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean. Experience of hub development in Russia Except Moscow and St. Petersburg, in Russia only the Novosibirsk hub started developing. Due to its unique geographical position in the center of Russia, from it s westernmost to easternmost developed regions, where many transport routes congregate. As in many other Russian transport nodes in Novosibirsk there are many registered representative offices of foreign companies from Germany, USA, UK, France, Austria, China and other countries. But only here there are more than 250 joint ventures. If we consider the structure of international road transportations, the relations of the South-Eastern part of Russia with China and Mongolia are set along with developed relations between Russia and Poland, Germany, Austria, France, Belgium. Novosibirsk naturally fits into the system of international transport corridors that exist and can be prospective: Moscow - Novosibirsk - Vladivostok (the Trans-Siberian railway and road transport); St. Petersburg - Novosibirsk (railway and road); the Kaliningrad - Smolensk - Moscow - Novosibirsk (9 th European International Transport Corridor and the Trans-Siberian railway, road and air); Berlin - Minsk - Moscow - Nizhniy Novgorod - Yekaterinburg - Novosibirsk (2 nd European International Transport Corridor and the Trans-Siberian railway, road and air); Novosibirsk - Central Asia (railway and road); Novosibirsk - the PRC s border on the area of Altai Republic (road transport); Novosibirsk - South-East Asia (air); Novosibirsk - North America (air); Novosibirsk - Northern and Western Europe (air). The position of Novosibirsk (the main railway station) and Tolmachevo (Novosibirsk airport) on the main course of the Trans-Siberian railway allows concentrating freight traffic from the neighboring regions. [9] As it is known, the reliability of the supply chain is determined by the reliability of each link. During last years in Russia great attention is paid to the hub development so for example Russian Railways have developed The Concept of creation of terminal-logistics centers on the territory of the Russian Federa-

54 International Journal of Advanced Studies, Volume 5, no. 3 (2015) tion. [8] It identifies about 13-14 major network hubs in major cities between which the trains should run. Despite the fact that the created concept involves the transshipment of goods from road to railway modes of transport, the role of transport keeps being important. The road transport provides the delivery and removal of cargoes from railway station, seaport or airport. The capacity of the vehicle and its specialization are determined depending on the distance of transportation and type of cargo. It is reasonable to create a terminal for cargo handling taking into account the significant distances between cities in Russia and the remoteness of transportation nodes. In the Transport strategy of the Russian Federation for the period till 2030 [1] three versions of development of the transport system are described, and for practical realization the innovative version is chosen. In this version decisive significance of strategy of creating large multimodal transport logistics centers and information hubs, that provide a wide range of competitive services and accelerated development of intermodal transport is given. From the perspective of regional development appears an importance of developing the transport-logistic and industrial hubs in the Far East, the North-West and the South of Russia, as well as the development of the Northern sea route. Conclusion Currently, there are hubs in ports of air and sea transportation; railway and road modes of transport fulfill only functions of transportation or distribution. The number of sea ports with leading rail tracks to them (e.g. Vladivostok) is small, so the temp of road transportation continues growing, as evidenced by the Transport strategy of the Russian Federation for the period till 2030. [1] References 1. The Transport Strategy Of the Russian Federation for the period till 2030. http://www.mintrans.ru/documents/detail.php?element_id=13008 2. The concept of creation of terminal and logistics centers in the territory of the Russian Federation. cargo.rzd. ru 3. J. Frank Y.O. Rubanov Creation and development of an airport hub: pre-requisites and principles // Logistics. 2012. 2. P. 38-41. 4. Ivanov V.V., Kuznetsov A.V. Strategy for formation of the Moscow aviation hub based on international experience // Russian Foreign Economic Bulletin. 2013. 2. P. 71-82. 5. Zokhidov A.A. Contemporary logistics centers: essence, peculiarities and tendencies // Russia s Economic Revival. 2012. P. 214-220. 6. Skryabin D.S. Methods of interaction planning between ports-hubs in trunk-feeder transport and logistics system: abstract of thesis... Ph. D. in Technical Sciences: 05.22.19. St. Petersburg, 2012. 7. The types and place of logistics centers to improve the competitiveness of the transport and logistics chain. http://edu.dvgups.ru/metdoc/gdtran/yat/station/osn_logis/metod/u_p/webumk/frame/2.htm 8. The Transportation Infrastructure of Switzerland. http:// www.bestreferat.ru/referat-246712.html 9. Novosibirsk as a multimodal node (hub). http://l-boris. livejournal.com/63184.html 10. Airports in the USA: the largest air hubs in the world. http://www.tuug.ru/aeroporty-ssha-samye-krupnye-xaby-v-mire.html 11. Zelenin A. Ports: talks about import substitution and specific Belarusian goods in Lithuania // Information Agency REGNUM. 2015. 12. http://www.linguee.com/english-russian/translation/ transportation+hub.html