Advncd Micro Dvic Mutidi Ovr FDDI Confrnc Ppr Rprint 1992 IEEE, Rprintd with priion, fro Procding of IEEE Loc Coputr Ntwork, Minnpoi, Spt. 13 15, 1992. 1736A
Mutidi Ovr FDDI Ait Shh1, Don Stddon2, Izhk Rubin3, Akndr Rtkovic4 Advncd Micro Dvic1, IBM2, IRI Corp. nd UCLA3, IRI Corp. nd UCLA4 Abtrct Thi ppr focu on iu in utidi ntworking ovr FDDI nd iution rut dontrting th fibiit of utidi ovr FDDI. Prviou work in thi fid h concntrtd on th nchronou chnn in FDDI. Othr xintion of th FDDI nchronou chnn hv ppid burt trffic to th nchronou chnn. Mutidi trffic i tpic tr orintd. Our iution wr focud on iuting tpic configurtion with rng of ppiction nd trffic od. Th dvntg of FDDI n intgrtd voic/vido/ dt ntwork r dontrtd. 1: Introduction Th ppr i orgnizd foow. A brif dicuion on th bic of FDDI nd utidi i foowd b n ovrviw of th vriou utidi ppiction nd iu in ntworking of utidi ppiction uch voic nd vido. Th iportnc of prtr uch ntwork d, intrpckt jittr, nd bndwidth i highightd. Th iution od r dicud. Th thodoog invovd tting th ffct of vrition in TTRT, ntwork iz, pckt iz, nd offrd od on th utidi tr of voic nd vido, uing th IRI Pnt too. Fin, th iution rut for running utidi ovr th FDDI nchronou chnn r dicud. A coprion of utidi ovr FDDI nchronou nd nchronou chnn i d dontrting th biit of th nchronou chnn to provid nr-contnt tnc nd bndwidth undr vriou od nd configurtion. 1.1: FDDI Bic FDDI i 0 Mbp high pd oc r ntwork tndrd dvopd undr th upic of Aricn Ntion Stndrd Intitut (ANSI) X3T9.5 coitt. Unik othr LAN who origin wr propritr product, FDDI w dvopd b group of pop who intrt w to crt rib fut-tornt, high-pd ntwork conncting nurou ttion ovr grtr ditnc thn xiting tndrd. Th ANSI X3T9.5 coitt thu dvopd pcifiction for ntwork bd on du countr-rotting fibr optic ring uing tid-tokn protoco, which i cpb of trnitting dt t 0 Mbp in ch ring nd which cn xtnd to 500 ttion ovr tot fibr ngth of 200 k with fu t prfornc. Th FDDI MAC upport utip c of rvic: Snchronou, Anchronou nd Rtrictd Anchronou. Th nchronou c i ud for nor, burt dt trffic. For or contnt, iochronou trffic, th nchronou chnn cn b ud nd it provid gurntd bndwidth to ch ttion on ch tokn rottion. Th rtrictd nchronou rvic provid chni for xtndd nd protctd diog btwn iitd nubr of ttion. Thi ftur i rr ud. Thr hv bn vr pubiction on FDDI [], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [] which xpin th protoco in furthr dti. 2: Mutidi Mutidi i tr ud to dnot t of ppiction, product, nd tchnoogi [1]. W dfin it th u of utip n to counict infortion vi coputr. Whr coputr tod r in ud for txtu dt infortion prnttion nd torg, utidi u th coputr for txt, ntur nd nitd ig, rndrd grphic, uditor tiui nd ritic ound. Thr r two k coponnt to utidi: utip output di nd intrction. Tviion w know it tod xpifi on of th coponnt of utip output di; it divr 'ritic' pictur, nition nd ound. Howvr, th contnt of wht i viwd, nd th w it i prntd i rg bond th contro of th ur. Th ur intrction i iitd to turning on or off, witching chnn, vou contro nd o ig contro. Pron coputr dontrt th othr k concpt in utidi: intrction. Unfortunt, ot currnt pron coputr xpoit on iitd nubr of di uch txt, grphic nd fw ound ton. It i on now tht th pron coputr' biit to prnt crr, hrpr ig i bing xpoitd b utidi ppiction. 2.1: Mutidi ppiction Th concpt of utidi i on intrting th ppiction it cn upport. It i th cop of utidi ppiction which i drwing uch trndou rpon fro th infortion tchnoog indutri. Th vriou utidi ppiction r hown in tb 1 bow.
Tb 1: Mutidi ppiction APPLICATION MEDIA DESCRIPTION A=Audio, V=Vido, T=Txt, I=Ig, G=Grphic Eduction/ Trining A, V, T, I A iv or tpd vido intruction ion oc t ttion or cro ntwork. Thi invov trnfr of udioviu nd Intrctiv Eduction/ Trining txtu intruction. A, V, T, I, G A iv or tpd vido intruction ion oc t ttion or cro ntwork. Thi invov trnfr of udioviu nd txtu intruction. Th intrction b vi voic, txt or grphic. Infortion kiok A, V, T, G Thi i dipning of infortion uch g, tourit, conur ctog, dictionri tc... Th kiok tpic hv ini intrction with th ur; in intruction nd cond. Bnking T, I Nubr trnfr ong with docunt uch chck, on ordr, intrn ppr tc... Mdic Info. t V, I, T, A Stord or r-ti cptur of X-R, CAT cn, rport tc... with biit to do hitor, copr nd icro nd cro rch. Librr I, T, V Srch nd rtriv of txt, udio nd vido ctt. R Ett A, V, I, T Abiit to viw nighborhood, bock, trt, hou nd intrior of ho rot. Ectronic Mi T, A, I Abiit to v udioviu g ong with txtu g. Ho Vido Ditribution V, A Cb copn intin ibrr of ovi which cn b ctd nd pd-bck t viwr' convninc. Trv Agnt A, V, I, T Siir in concpt to r tt with biit to book trv, odging nd bording in on c. CAD/CAM T, G, A Stndrd nginring CAD / CAM with th biit to voicnnott nd hv on-in grphic hp nd not pop-up box. Ectronic Cobortion A, V, T Vido confrnc, concurrnt CAD/CAM tc... Advrtiing V, A, I, T Abiit to rcontruct, dit nd crt ig nnottd with udio nd txt. Th ig b quncd into vido cip. Wthr I, T Abiit to pr tit ig of th tophr into wthr rport. Thr r vr iu with utidi, ot notb coprion, nchroniztion nd ntwork trnprnc. Mutidi ppiction tpic conu ot of dik pc for torg nd currnt torg dvic uch Hrd Dik, fopp dik, CD-ROM r not cpb of toring iv ount. Morovr, th torg dvic hv vr ow trnfr rt (rd, writ). Motion vido rquiring 75 Mbp trnfr rt cnnot b utind uing CD-ROM without o coprion tchniqu. Snchroniztion of utidi objct i n iportnt iu []. An objct i unit of dt which b pix, ncodd udio, th utidi docunt itf, tc... Snchroniztion cn b t diffrnt grnurit'. An xp of nchroniztion i voic nd vido tr; th voic ccopning vido cip nd to b nchronizd to th pictur. Thi iu i currnt bing ddrd in th utidi counit. Mot utidi ppiction wi nd ntwork upport [9]. Vidoconfrncing [7], ditributd trining, tc... rquir th u of ntwork. Inofr th ntwork i concrnd, th on diffrnc btwn utidi nd othr ppiction i th intgrtion of voic, vido nd dt on th ntwork. Iging cn b odd burt dt nd hnc do not rquir n ddition rvic of th ntwork. Aot dt trniion i nchronou in ntur. It i unprdictb nd of vring durtion. Mot oc r ntwork r optiizd for high throughput, burt dt trniion ovr hrd diu with itt or no tnc contrint. If th ntwork i ight odd, nd ttion ppi rg od to th ntwork, it wi b b to trnit th od with ini d. Howvr, if th
ntwork i hvi odd, ttion pping rg od wi ncountr ignificnt d bfor trniion. Thu, though Ethrnt undr ight od offr xcnt vrg tnci, t high od it offr itt or no bound on th ntwork cc ti. Pubic ntwork or th tco ntwork, on th othr hnd, r tpic optiizd for circuit-witching ppiction uch voic which rquir ow bndwidth nd ow tnc. Th ntwork tpic cnnot provid ow cc d to burt dt. In ordr to vut th fibiit of uing xiting LAN in utidi ppiction, w xin th iu in ound nd vido trniion uch bndwidth rquirnt, tnc, jittr nd xiu nubr of ion. Th chrctritic of ound nd vido nd th rquirnt of utidi on ntwork r xind. Fin, th fibiit of utidi ovr FDDI i xpord. 3: Dfinition Avib bndwidth i th bndwidth which i ctu vib for vid trniion. Avib bndwidth cn o b urd in tr of ntwork fficinc. Thu, in FDDI fficinc h = (T - D) / T; whr T= trgt tokn rottion ti in nd D = ring tnc in. If D=0.1 nd T =, thn h = nd vib bndwidth i 99 Mbp whr tot bndwidth i 0 Mbp. Ltnc i th vrg nd to nd g d which incud ti for A/D convrion (if n), p nd ncod, pcktiztion, quuing d, trniion d, propgtion d, rciv d, dcod, nd prnttion. Jittr i th xiu intntnou vrition in objct prnttion ti. If th objct i pckt, thn th xiu intr-pckt rriv ti vrition i dfind pckt jittr. Sion i dfind n intrctiv couniction diogu btwn two or or ur. Thu tphon convrtion btwn two pop i ion which conu portion of th vib bndwidth. 4: Chrctritic of Sound W cifid ound hun pch nd uic. Hun pch or voic i tpic in th 0-4 khz pctru. Th bndwidth of uic dicrnib b th hun r i 20-25 khz (high fidit t hv bndwidth of 22 khz). Convrtion ound (pch) conit of tk-purt foowd b inc priod [3], [5], [6]. Th rtio i tpic 35:65 rpctiv, with on on pron pking t ti. tk-purt 350 inc 650 Figur 1: Spch pttrn In digitizd voic, th voic ign i pd t th Nquit rt (twic th ign rt) in ordr to rcovr th origin ign corrct. Thrfor th voic ping rt i 2*4 khz = khz or on p vr 125 in tphon. For tro ound, th udio frqunci xtnd up to 22 khz. Hnc ping frqunci of up to 44 khz r o ud in digit tro ound. Ech p i codd into bittr nd th nubr of cod-bit vri dpnding upon th coding ch ud. Tb 2: Coprd digit udio tr TRANSMISSION RATES bit/p 00 bp coprd 1-2 64 kbp tndrd PCM 6-40- kbp ADPCM ch[22] 5-2 300-400 kbp tro - Athough tphon voic i not vr bndwidth intniv, tro ound rquir up to 0.4 Mbp bndwidth. At owr bit rt, th udio-quit dtriort. Dtrining th quit of digitizd udio i vr ubjctiv phnonon nd tudi hv indictd wid rng of ccptb quit. It o dpnd on th ppiction. Spokn voic cn b coprd ignificnt bfor it bco incoprhnib. Th tud of tro quit ound i vn or ubjctiv. Thr r vr coding nd coprion tchniqu vib for voic [2], [1], [21], [22]. Adptiv Diffrnti Pu Cod Modution (ADPCM) nd Digit Spch Intrpotion (DSI) r two of th popur chni for voic coprion. DSI i w-uitd for pcktizd voic trniion it conrv bndwidth during inc intrv in convrtion. 4.1: Iu in ound trniion In voic trniion [2],[3],[4],[5],[19], bndwidth i not n iu in th LAN nvironnt, though it b in tro ound. A critic iu in intrctiv pch or uic (or voic i) pd bck ovr th ntwork i tnc. Onc pron trt pking, or uic trt to p, intrittnt d during th pch or uic
ion, r oftn noticb, nd oti nnoing. Thrfor, onc th ion trt, it i dirb to intin continuou tr of ound. In fct, hown in th tb bow, vr tudi hv indictd tht xiu torb tnci for pch r of th ordr of 600. Our xprinc with tit couniction h dontrtd tht vn 250 (on w) d r nnoing though cohrnc i not ipird. For uic, th tnci b or noticb nd hnc th d b rquird to b vn in ordr to b iprcptib. Svr tudi hv bn conductd in ordr to dtrin ffct of ntwork d on voic trniion [3], [4], [5], [21], [31], [32]. Tb 3: Effct of tnc on hun r prcption On-w d Effct of d >600 Spch bco incohrnt nd unintigib. 600 Spch i br cohrnt. 250 Annoing. Convrtion t h to b chngd. 0 Iprcptib if itnr hr fro ntwork on nd not off th ir. 50 Iprcptib vn if th itnr in roo nd cn hr ntur off th ir nd fro th ntwork. Uing intrctiv pch od, w dcidd tht th xiu nd-to-nd torb tnc w 0. Th tnci woud b ccptb for rg pctru of utidi ppiction. Th on ffct of tokn jittr i on th nd to buffr. In tru iochronou ntwork (providing contnt tnc), thr woud b zro buffring rquirnt in th th xiu buffring rquird for 64 kbp digit voic tr woud b 120 bt, which i vr. 5: Chrctritic of vido Vido i oving pictur. It i diffrnt fro iging nd grphic in in th otion coponnt. Vido rprnt otion cn rpid qunc of ti ntwork. In n nchronou ntwork, thr i nd to buffr. So ong th buffring i not xciv, th jittr h ini ipct on t dign. For xp, if th xiu pckt tnc nd hnc th xiu jittr btwn pckt wr to b rtrictd to thn 15 ( w trgtd for th iution), thn fr. An NTSC coptib vido i 640 x 40 t 30 fr pr cond. A PAL coptib vido i 76 x 5 t 25 fr pr cond. Th r th window iz (fwr nubr of in cnnd), th owr th bndwidth rquirnt. Tb 4: Effct of fr rt on hun prcption Fr pr cond Effct on hun (fp) < fp E cnnot dicrn otion. Ech fr ppr dijointd 12-15 fp E cn dicrn otion but i jrk. 30 fp Tviion quit. Cnnot dicrn high otion coponnt (burrd);.g. bb 60-75 fp HDTV quit. Cn dicrn otion in high-otion g;.g. ichock 90 fp Liit of hun prcption 00 fp Scintific vido quit;.g. hutt bt-off rcording
Th vido ign cn conu trndou bndwidth. An uncoprd digit NTSC vido cn conu nwhr fro 90 Mbp to 200 Mbp dpnding on th ncoding. Thi i nough to ovrrun n xiting ntwork cpcit. Coprd vido [[2], [29], [30], [32] offr ignificnt rduction in th bndwidth nd whi intining iir pictur quit. Vido bndwidth cn b rducd in vr w: Vrib roution Vrib fr rt Rducd coor fidit Roving intr-fr nd intr-fr rdundnc Tb 5: Vido coprion tchniqu, rt nd bndwidth rquirnt Coprion tchniqu fr rt (fp) bndwidth MPEG [30] 30 1.5 Mbp vido tr MPEG II 60-75 4- Mbp P x 64 [2] 6-15 64 kbp - 2 Mbp 5.1: Iu in vido trniion Digit vido chrctritic hv not bn tudid w digit voic. It i difficut to chrctriz coprd vido, vido codc nd ffct of ntwork d. Th iu of coprion gorith nd ipnttion i bond th cop of thi ppr nd th prtr of ot intrt to u i th ntwork d. Uing w-known xi tht " th hun i or forgiving thn th hun r", w cn pp th rtriction tht vido ut t th d contrint tho of voic. Dpnding on th vido ppiction, thi d vr. W ctd 0 n ccptb nd-to-nd tnc [31], [32]. W ud tht codc t ch nd wi conu 30 in procing ch fr nd outputting dt (t MPEG rt). Thi v n ffctiv 40 tnc for th ntwork coponnt of th tnc. Of thi, i th tnc cro th WAN, nd th rt i th LAN coponnt of th d. Auing tric LAN, thi v 15 pr LAN ccptb tnc. FDDI WAN FDDI CODEC tnc (30 ) LAN tnc ( 15.) WAN tnc (.) LAN tnc ( 15.) CODEC tnc (30 ) End-to-nd tnc (0.) Figur 2: Ltnc ditribution cro th ntwork If th xiu pckt tnc nd hnc th xiu jittr btwn pckt wr to b rtrictd to thn 15 ( w trgtd for th iution), thn th xiu buffring rquird for 1.5 Mbp tr woud b pproxit 3 Kbt, which i uu in n FDDI dptr.
6: U of FDDI Snchronou c of rvic for vido/voic ppiction Th purpo of our tud w to xin th fibiit of utidi ppiction ovr th FDDI nchronou chnn whn th FDDI i hrd with nor, burt dt trffic. Th nchronou chnn offr protctd, owtnc bndwidth, which whn unud i vib to th nor nchronou trniion. A portion of th FDDI bndwidth i octd to nchronou rvic, ithr t trtup or tr b bndwidth octr. Up to 0% of th ntwork bndwidth cn b octd to th nchronou rvic. In othr word, it i poib to ipnt nchronou on ntwork. Thi oction cn b fixd, dnic octd t ion initition, or on n grnurit prfrrd b th ntwork dinitrtor. A tndrd octor uch CCITT Q.931, b ud to prfor c-tup, tr-down nd bndwidth oction nd onitoring. SMT dfin protoco nd vr MIB ttribut which cn b ud to onitor nd contro th bndwidth oction [27]. Ech utidi ttion i octd portion of th nchronou bndwidth. In ordr to oct th bndwidth, ch ttion nd to chrctriz th ppiction rquirnt in tr of ovrhd nd pod, whr ovrhd incud tokn cptur, fring nd highr r protoco hdr, nd pod i th ctu nchronou dt (.g. voic, vido). Thi houd b ccutd in unit of bt pr 125 icrocond. An ppiction of 1.5 Mbp woud rquir 1.5 x 6 x 125 x -6 /= 23.4375 roundd up to unit of bndwidth. A iir ccution houd b don for th ovrhd. Th tot bndwidth vib i of th ordr of 0 x 6 x 125 x -6 / = 1562 unit. Foowing th bndwidth oction, it i ncr to ct th pckt iz for th ngotitd TTRT. For xp, with TTRT of, th pckt iz for th bov nchronou trffic (1.5 Mbp tr) cn b ccutd th nubr of bt tht th tr wi produc in. Thi i 1500 bt. Hnc, with n TTRT, nd 1.5 Mbp vido tr, 1500 bt pckt wi b trnittd pr tokn rottion. Th bov thod of octing bndwidth w ctd o tht n ppiction woud not hv to chng bndwidth oction vr ti tht th TTRT vu chngd. On th pckt iz woud chng whi intining contnt ovrhd. Thr r othr chni for octing bndwidth which b ipr nd or uitb for diffrnt ntwork configurtion. For th purpo of th iution w octd nchronou bndwidth bd on th TTRT vu. Thu n TTRT with 1.5 Mbp ppiction woud rquir 1500 bt trniion ti or 1500 x 0 n = 0.12 pr TTRT. 7: Ntwork oprtion An FDDI ntwork cn b oprtd in thr w: 1] nchronou on; 2] ixd nchronou nd nchronou; 3] nchronou on. W dcidd to tt th ntwork in od of oprtion with pci phi on th ixd nchronou nd nchronou od. Th offrd ntwork od w vrid fro 0% to bout 150% of cpcit. Th trffic w ixtur of vriou ppiction uch voic, vido, iging, fi rvr, nd intrctiv dt. W wntd to tt th ntwork not for it xiu configurtion but for it tpic configurtion. Aftr conducting urv of th xiting ipnttion nd prctic, w concudd tht xiu ungntd ntwork w in th rng of 40-60 nod. An ungntd ntwork h nod on th phic cb-pnt with no intrvning bridg, routr or o uch intrworking unit. Uu, ntwork do not xcd 50 nod bcu of iu uch oding, dinitrtiv doin, nd trffic iotion. W ctd ntwork with nod in th rng of 4 to 55 th rprnttiv xiu of th tpic ntwork. 7.1 Topoog Th foowing topoog w doptd th od for th tud. A LAN-WAN-LAN od w n pproprit for tpic utidi rvic. W ud tht th two LAN wr tric in bhvior. FDDI WAN concntrtor/ ttion Figur 3: Topoog for iution FDDI A ing hirrch of connction w ctd bcu of th inrit of ch LAN gnt. Thrfor, th d chrctritic for ing LAN coud b inr cd to rprnt utip-v LAN hirrch. Th WAN connction w ud to offr fixd tnc pth. Th WAN coud conit of ISDN, frction T1, T1 or T3 in dpnding on th bndwidth rquird. 7.2: Ring tnc
A ring tnc of 4 w ud to tt ring. Thi corrpond to rough 7 kiotr of cb. To tt th bhvior of th ntwork with rgr ring tnci, ring tnc of 1 w ctd. Thi corrpond to rough 190 kiotr of cb. 7.3: Trgt Tokn Rottion Ti W dcidd to oprt with thr vu of TTRT-,, nd TTRT vu thn wr not ctd bcu ntwork fficinc drop ignificnt [33]. TTRT vu rgr thn wr not ctd bcu th pckt tnci woud b unccptb for th utidi trffic. Addition, for nchronou on ntwork, TTRT of 26 w ud. 7.4: Trffic nd rvic od Of th 50 ttion, 26 wr t-up to b voic/vido ttion, 3 wr ow-rt iging ourc, wr intrctiv dt trin, nd wr fi-rvr. Option, high burt-rt iging ourc (1 to 7 ttion) wr ud in pc of th 3 ow-rt iging ourc. Th trffic w thu pit into voic/vido, iging nd dt. Iging nd dt wr furthr ubdividd. Thr wr two od for th iging nd two od for th dt. Th foowing tb how th chrctritic of th vriou trffic od tht w ctd. Tb 6: Trffic ditribution TRAFFIC TYPE INTER- ARRIVAL TIME (in ) PACKET LENGTH (in bt) 1 Pk OFFERED LOAD (in Mbp) 2 Avg. OFFERED LOAD (in Mbp) Iging hot 0.33 4K + 256 6.25 00 Iging workttion 3.6 4500 2 fi dt 37 1500 + 256 3 50 intrctiv trin dt 40 500-0.1 voic 4, 4.5 64, 202 + 20 + 256 0.032, 0.21 0.0112, 0.076, vido,14,, 1500, 2304, 3000, 4500 1.5, 1.3, 1.5, 1.5 1.5, 1.3, 1.5, 1.5 gtw 5 - - 50 BUFFER SIZE (in pckt) 3 Ovr, w trd th ntwork with vrit of trffic od to nur tht th ntwork i robut undr xtr oprting condition. 7.4.1: Vido tr Ech vido ourc rprnt coprd vido tr. An MPEG-tp tr rt of 1.5 Mbp i ud. Thi conit of trin of pckt rnging fro 4500 bt to 1500 bt. Th ovr vido oding i chrctrizd through prtr which rprnt th nubr of iutnou ctiv vido ourc. A prcribd frction of th vido tr i dirctd through bridg or gtw to nothr FDDI or WAN ntwork. Th trgt vido tnc for vido pckt cro ing FDDI i t to b round 15 ( of pckt) nd of th ordr of in th vrg. 7.4.2: Voic tr Aocitd with ch vido tr i pckt voic tr. Thi tr w chrctrizd intrctiv nd tord (MPEG CD-ROM pcifiction). Th intrctiv voic i chrctrizd qunc of 32 kbp voic pckt, ch 64 bt in iz. Th voic ourc i odd qunc of on-off priod, rprnting th tk-purt nd inc priod tpic in voic convrtion. Th rtio of tk to inc priod i 35: 65. Th ruting offrd od of th voic tr i 11.2 kbp. Th tord voic i chrctrizd qunc of 2 Kbt pckt (202 + 20 MPEG hdr), with n intr rriv rt of 4.5. Th pckt r tpic intrvd with th vido tr in rtio of on voic vr ix vido pckt. On th FDDI, th pckt r rpcktizd if ncr to r pckt iz. 1 Th ngth dnot th dt + hdr. Th hdr wr dibrt chon to b rg nubr. 2 Th rriv rt for o trffic hd ditribution od rthr thn contnt rt, which d to pk offrd od nd vrg offrd od. 3 Th buffr iz corrpond to th buffring t th trnit nd rciv quu. If n incoing pckt find th buffr fu, it i droppd. Thi corrpond to bocking. 4 An intrctiv voic od (32 Kbp ADPCM), nd MPEG tord voic-tr od wr ctd for oding. 5 Th gtw oding w pproxit qu to 4 voic/vido ttion nd 1.3 firvr.
Th dird tnc for voic pckt cro ing FDDI i o t to b pproxit 15 ( of pckt) nd of th ordr of in th vrg. 7.4.3: Dt : Intrctiv Thi trffic conit of hort pckt (500 bt) rriving t rndo with ow rpon ti rquirnt of 50 ( of pckt) nd 25 in th vrg. 7.4.4: Dt -Fi trnfr Thi i odd fi dt to/fro Ethrnt hot with th FDDI bing ud bckbon to Ethrnt cint. Th fi ngth i ud to b unifor ditributd btwn 1500 nd 25000 bt. Ech fi on vrg conit of pckt of 1500 bt + 256 bt hdr, ch rriving t Mbp onc th fi trnfr i inititd. Th fi intr-rriv ti i xponnti. Th offrd od i 3.6 Mbp. 7.4.5: Iging : ow-nd (workttion) Thi trffic ourc w ud in o of th iution run. Thi i odd ig coing off Ethrnt hot into th FDDI hot t Mbp. Th ig iz ditribution i unifor ovr 1.25-5 Mbt. Thi ig tr i pcktizd into xiu ngth FDDI pckt (4096 + 256 bt). Th ig intr-rriv ti i vrid nd dfut vu of 20% on-ti nd 0% off-ti i ud. Thi u tht hot i bu with iging on 20% of th ti. Thu th pk offrd od i Mbp, but th vrg offrd od i 2 Mbp. Th xiu ccptb d in trnitting n ig nd rciving it t th rcivr i 1 ( of pckt) nd 0.5 vrg d. A buffr iz of pckt i ud. An ovr-fow d to pckt dropping. 7.4.6: Iging : High-nd (hot) Thi trffic ourc i ud to iut th ipct of vr burt od on th ntwork. Th ig ditribution i unifor ovr 1.25 to 5.625 Mbt. A ing ig tr conit of rgur rriving xiu izd pckt (4096 + 256 bt). Th vrg ig intr rriv rt i 0.3276. Th pk offrd od i 6.25 Mbp nd th vrg offrd od i Mbp. : Rut Th foowing ction uriz th rut of th iution..1: C 1- Anchronou on ntwork In n nchronou on ntwork, with no nchronou bndwidth octd or ud, th voic nd vido r trtd dt. No prt quu i octd on trnit or rciv. In uch ntwork o it i poib to intin bound on th d uffrd b th pckt. Th foowing obrvtion rfr to figur 4 to 19..1.1: Effct on tnci Du to th unprdictb ntur of th trffic (nchronou nd burt), th d cnnot b tight boundd. A cn b n fro th figur nd, th tnci uffrd b vido pckt i high 4 whn th ntwork i not ovrodd but running co to cpcit (90% od). Whn th ntwork i ovrodd, th tnci cn b high 252. In or tpic nvironnt, whr th trffic do not conit of uch high burt ourc (iging t 0 Mbp), it i poib to obtin ow tnci. W wr b to vrif thi in our iution ( figur 6) whr in n nchronou on ntwork, with 6% ntwork oding, nd TTRT of voic nd vido pckt tnci wr rtrictd to undr 15..1.2: Effct of TTRT on tnci In n ovrodd ntwork th highr th TTRT vu, owr th tnci. In th to rng, it w obrvd tht th TTRT vu conitnt offrd owr d for trffic tp whn th ring w rg. (figur nd )..1.3: Effct of ring iz Incring ring tnci hd n dvr ffct on th pckt tnci. Thi w rfctd in th incr in th n nd xiu tnci for voic nd vido (figur 6 nd ). Thi ffct w noticb in th tnci..1.4: Effct of buffr iz Buffr iz wr octd to th individu quu, nchronou nd nchronou t diffrnt ttion. Thrfor th nchronou buffr iz t th iging ttion w vrid fro to 00 pckt, t th fi rvr ttion it w 50 pckt, nd t th intrctiv trin it w pckt. Evr nchronou ttion hd pckt buffr. Th buffr nvr ovrfowd xcpt in th ovrod cnrio. Thn too, th bocking or buffr ovrfow w occurring on t th iging ttion. Thi rut i intuitiv bcu th iging ttion wr offring intntnou ovrod. Thi burt woud fi up th buffr nd inc th ntwork w not ftr thn th ppiction, th buffr woud not pt out ft nough. At hv od th buffr r unb to pt nd hnc d to ovrfow. Low burt-rt ppiction uch
fi rvic nd intrctiv trin trffic wr not cpb of xcding th ntwork cpcit nd hnc th ntwork coud w cr th buffr ftr thn th ppiction coud fi th. Th prcntg of trffic bockd du to ovrfow dcrd ight with incring TTRT. Thi i gin intuitiv bcu th rgr TTRT vu owd ongr trniion ti which in turn owd th buffr to b drind or oftn..1.5: Effct on gtw For trffic fro FDDI to othr LAN or WAN, th tnc w gtd b th chrctritic of th othr LAN or WAN. So ong th outbound trffic w thn th cpcit of th WAN or LAN, thr w itt or no quuing d. Th jor coponnt of th d w thn th trniion d. Th ffct of th chnging of th vriou ntwork prtr on th gtw (figur 4-1) w iir to tht of othr nd-ttion xcpt tht in th ovrod c th gtw uffrd ignificnt bocking. Th gtw w th bottnck for voic/vido ion pnning th LAN-WAN-LAN connction. Th iniu tnci obrvd whn th ntwork oding w 90% nd with t t on high burt-rt ourc on th ntwork, w t TTRT. Whn th high burt-rt ourc (iging with pk offrd od of 0 Mbp nd vrg of Mbp) w rovd, th gtw providd ccptb prfornc with tnci thn 15..2: C 2- Anchronou pu nchronou ntwork In thi ntwork th voic nd vido r trnittd ovr th nchronou chnn. Th nchronou bndwidth i octd pr ttion bd on th ppiction rquirnt. Th voic nd vido pckt iz r vrid ccording to th TTRT rquirnt. If 64 bt intrctiv voic pckt r ud, thn th pckt iz i contnt for th diffrnt TTRT. For vido, th pcktiz i 1500 bt for, 3000 bt for nd 4500 bt for TTRT. Th gtw i ud for voic/vido nd fi rvr dt forwrding. Th gtw i octd nchronou bndwidth in proportion to th trffic ving th LAN. If four vido tr r ving th LAN, thn th gtw i octd bndwidth qu to four vido tr (.g. t 0.75 pr vido tr th gtw i octd 3 )..2.1: Effct on tnci W obrv tht th tnci for voic/vido tr i fir contnt nd undr circutnc- 90% nd 150% oding on ring, 90% nd 150% oding on rg ring, nd diffrnt TTRT - th tnci r within. For nd TTRT vu, th tnci r w within. Evn undr xtr tr, th nchronou chnn offrd owtnc pth for ti-critic ppiction uch utidi..2.2: Effct of TTRT on tnci Within th rng of TTRT vu iding ccptb tnci, it w or difficut to iot th bttr TTRT. W obrvd tht whi TTRT id xcnt vu for voic/vido trffic, th nchronou burt trffic uffrd owr tnci t th highr TTRT vu. Conidring trffic tr, w obrvd tht TTRT offrd bttr -round tnci in ixd nchronou nd nchronou ntwork (figur 5, 7, 9 nd 11)..2.3: Effct of ring iz To obrv th ffct of ring iz on th ntwork prfornc, w iutd with ring iz of 4 tnc nd rg ring iz of 00 u tnc. Th ffct of incrd ring iz on voic / vido (VV) i rdi pprnt on th n d. Th n tnci incrd b uch 40% whr th tnci incrd b bout -15% on. Sinc th iportnt prtr for t dign i th tnc rthr thn th n tnc, thi ipi tht in th rng of tpic ring iz (50 to 400 ), th tnci r fir contnt..2.4: Effct of buffr iz Th ffct of buffr iz i ight highr bocking thn in th nchronou on ntwork. Thi i du to th nchronou trffic ffctiv bocking o portion of th bndwidth. If 20% of th bndwidth i octd to th nchronou chnn, thn for th nchronou ppiction FDDI ppr to b 0 Mbp nchronou dt pip. Thi i n xcnt rut bcu it ipi tht if th nchronou ppiction cpcit rquirnt i known, th rt of th FDDI bndwidth cn b octd to th nchronou chnn nd thr wi b itt or no ffct on th nchronou ppiction..2.5: Effct on gtw For trffic fro FDDI to othr LAN or WAN, th tnc w gtd b th chrctritic of th othr LAN or WAN. Th jor coponnt of th d w thn th trniion d. Th ffct of th chnging of th vriou ntwork prtr w iir to tht of othr nd-ttion (figur 5, 7, 9,11, 13, 15, 17). It w obrvd tht for th incoing trffic fro th gtw, th tnci wr thn for TTRT vu of nd, undr ovrod. For TTRT th d w of th ordr of
23 undr ovrod. In ight to hv oding condition th tnc w. W o obrvd tht chnging th nubr of outbound ion hd itt or no ipct on th tnc if th pproprit nchronou bndwidth w octd..2.6: Snchronou bndwidth oction It w obrvd tht incorrct bndwidth oction coud drtic ffct th prfornc. Aocting th pproprit bndwidth rutd in gurntd owtnc chnn for th ppiction..3: Snchronou on ntwork vido, iging nd dt couniction rvic cn b intgrtd ovr FDDI without coproiing n rvic rquirnt in but th ot xtr c. Th rut dontrt th fibiit of FDDI n intgrtd ntwork nd r prt of continuing tud on utidi ovr FDDI. : Acknowdgnt Our cknowdgnt to Bob Grow (XDI), J. D. Ru (IBM), Bob O'Hr, Bi Awn nd Dv Robrt (Advncd Micro Dvic) for thir invub hp nd uggtion in th od dvopnt. W iutd nchronou on ntwork with 70 voic/vido ttion nd ring tnc of 122 (figur 19). In thi configurtion, th on trffic on th ntwork w voic/vido. Ech ttion w gnrting voic nd vido trffic t cobind rt of 1.5 Mbp. Ech ttion w octd 0.37 pr tokn rottion ding to TTRT of 26. Th tot od w nr th xiu utinb b th ntwork. Th rut howd tht th tnci wr thn 7 iicond. In fct, vn though th TTRT w 26 ( in ordr to ccoodt 70 ttion), th ctu xiu d uffrd b n pckt w of th ordr of iicond. It w o obrvd tht thr w hrp drop in prfornc with incr in th nubr of ttion. Thi i bcu th ntwork i oprting t xiu cpcit nd vn ight incr in od cn cu th nchronou bndwidth to b ovr octd. W concudd tht it i poib to ccut th xiu nubr of nchronou ttion tht cn b upportd nd provid ccptb tnci. For th givn ppiction (1.5 Mbp MPEG tr), it i btwn 55-65 ttion, dpnding on th ft fctor dird. It i not dvib to pp burt nd nchronou trffic to th nchronou chnn it cn d to xtr high d [34], [35]. Thi i bcu burt offr intntnou od which cn xcd th octd bndwidth cuing th quuing coponnt of th d to incr ignificnt. 9: Concuion Th FDDI nchronou od provid xcnt utidi rvic t nor od. Howvr, it h iittion undr hv nd xtr burt od which not b ccptb for voic/vido rvic. Th FDDI nchronou od of trniion provid nr contnt, ow tnc rvic undr vriou od nd configurtion. Our rut dontrt tht rg nubr of iutnou MPEG nd Px64 ion cn b upportd vn whn th ntwork i in ovr-od. Audio,
11: Bibiogrph [1] I. Brcknbur & H. Schr, "Th rod to utidi," Futur Gnrtion Coputr St 7, 1991, pp. 91-96 [2]K. Srir, R. S. McKinn & M. H. Shrif, "Voic Pcktiztion nd Coprion in Brodbnd ATM Ntwork," IEEE JSAC, vo. 9, no. 3, Apr. 91, pp. 294-303 [3] T. Bi, A. J. McLughin, & C. J. Wintin, "Voic couniction in intgrtd digit voic nd dt ntwork," IEEE Trn. Coun., vo. COM-2, Sp. 0, pp. 147-1490 [4] J. G. Grubr, "D rtd iu in intgrtd voic nd dt ntwork," IEEE Trn. Coun., Jun 1, pp. 77-00 [5]J. G. Grubr, "Prfornc Rquirnt for intgrtd Voic/Dt ntwork," IEEE JSAC, DEC. 3, pp. 91-05 [6] P. T. Brd, "A ttitic ni of on-off pttrn in convrtion," B St. Tch. J., vo. 47, Jn. '6 [7]K. Wtb, S. Skt,, t., "Ditributd Dktop Confrncing St with Mutiur Mutidi Intrfc," IEEE JSAC, vo. 9, no. 4, 91, pp. 531-539 []R. Stintz, "Snchroniztion Proprti in Mutidi St," IEEE JSAC, vo., no. 3, Apr. 90, pp. 401-412 [9]C. Nicoou, "An Architctur for R-Ti Mutidi Couniction St," IEEE JSAC, vo., no. 3, Apr. 90, pp. 391-400 [] D. Dkn & W. Bux, "Ani nd Tuning of th FDDI Mdi Acc Contro Protoco," IEEE JSAC, vo. 6, no. 6, Ju [11] R. M. Grow, "A tid tokn rottion protoco for oc r ntwork," Ectro '2, Tokn Acc Protoco, M 2 [12] M. J. Johnon, "Ribiit chni of th FDDI high bndwidth tokn ring protoco," Coput. Ntwork ISDN St., voi. 11, Fb. 6, pp. 121-131 [13] M. J. Johnon, "Proof tht tiing rquirnt of th FDDI tokn ring protoco r tifid," IEEE Trn. Coun., vo. COM-35, Jun 7, pp. 620-625 [14] F. E. Ro, "FDDI - Tutori," IEEE Couniction, M '6, (5) [15] V. Ir & S. Johi, "FDDI' 0 Mbp Protoco Iprov on 02.5 Spc' 4 Mbp LIit," EDN, M 2 '5, pp. 151-0 [] R. K. Mouton, "FDDI - 0 Mp Soution on Fibr," Lightwv, Oct '6, pp. 47-54 [17] H. R. Mir, P. Zfiropuo & F. Co, "Dt/Voic intgrtion bd on IEEE 02.5 Tokn-Ring LAN, EFOC/LAN 6 Procding, Jun '6, pp. 66-76 [1] N. S. Jnt & S. W. Chritnn, "Effct of Pckt Lo in Wvfor Codd Spch," IEEE Trn. on Couniction, COM-299(2), Fb '1 [19] M. Frontini & G. Wton, "An invtigtion of pcktid voic on th FDDI tokn ring", HP tchnic rport, no. HPL-BRC-TR-7-019 [20] V. S. Frot, W. W. LRu, t., "A too for oc r ntwork oding nd ni," SIMULATION, nov. '9, pp. 23-297. [21] D. O. Bowkr, C. B. Aritg, "Prfornc iu for pcktizd voic couniction," Proc. Nt. Coun. Foru, vo. 41, n0. 3, '7, pp. 7-92 [22] M. H. Shrif, D. O. Bowkr, t.., "Ovrviw of CCITT bddd ADPCM Agorith," Proc. IEEE Suprco/ICC'90, Atnt, GA, Apr. '90, vo. 3, pp. 14-1 [23] T. D. C. Litt & A. Ghfoor, "Ntwork Conidrtion for Ditributd Mutidi Objct Copoition nd Couniction," IEEE Ntwork Mgzin, Nov. '90, pp. 32-49 [] FDDI Tokn Ring Mdi Acc Contro," Aricn Ntion Stndrd for Infortion St, X3.139-197 [25] FDDI Phic Lr Protoco, Aricn Ntion Stndrd for Infortion St, X3.14-19 [26] FDDI Phic Lr, Mdiu Dpndnt (PMD), Aricn Ntion Stndrd for Infortion St, X3.6-1990 [27] FDDI Sttion Mngnt (SMT), Priinr Drft propod Aricn Ntion Stndrd, Rv. 7.1, X3T9/92-037 [2] CCITT Rcondtion H.261, Lin Trniion on Non-tphon Sign: Vido Codc for Audioviu rvic t p x 64 kbp [29] ISO/IEC DIS 91-1; Infortion tchnoog - Digit coprion nd coding of continuou-ton ti ig;.k. JPEG [30] ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 N 071; Codd rprnttion of pictur, udio nd utidi/hprdi infortion;.k. MPEG [31] J. D. Ru, "Trnd in Couniction Throughput Dnd," Fibrtour/CoputrNt Conf., Boton, /90 [32] J. D. Ru, "Couniction Prfornc Rquirnt in Mutidi Appiction" [33] R. Jin, "Prfornc Ani of FDDI Tokn Ring Ntwork: Effct of Prtr nd Guidin for tting TTRT," IEEE Lightwv Tcouniction St, M '91, pp. -22 [34] W. Gntr & K. S. Vto, "D Ani of th FDDI Snchronou Dt C", IEEE [35] P. Mrtini & T. Mur, "Srvic Intgrtion in FDDI," Procding of th 15th Confrnc on Loc Coputr Ntwork, 1990, IEEE Coputr Socit Pr
Mn, D (20,21,22- Ig WS Not Shown) 70 Figur 4: Anc. on n/w, nor od, 4 icroc. ring OfLd.9, Anc,.k. Mn TTRT () 60 50 D 40 30 20 0 Voic Vido Intrctiv Fi Dt Vido Gtw
Mn, D (23,,25) Figur 5: Snc./Anc. n/w, nor od, 4 icroc. ring with iging w TTRT () 000 OfLd.9, Anc/Snc,.k. Mn TTRT - SBA:.25(VV), 1.0(GW TTRT - SBA:.5(VV), 2.0(GW TTRT - SBA:.75(VV), 3.0(GW 00 D 0 1 Voic Vido Iging WS Intrctiv Fi Dt Vido Gtw
Mn, D (20,21,22) Figur 6: Anc. on n/w, nor od, 4 icroc. ring with Iging WS TTRT () OfLd.9, Anc,.k. Mn 000 00 D 0 1 Voic Vido Iging WS Intrctiv Fi Dt Vido Gtw
70 Figur 7: Snc./Anc. n/w, nor od, 4 icroc. ring OfLd.9, Anc/Snc.,.k. Mn TTRT () 60 TTRT - SBA:.25(VV), 1.0(GW TTRT - SBA:.5(VV), 2.0(GW TTRT - SBA:.75(VV), 3.0(GW 50 D 40 30 20 0 Voic Vido Intrctiv Fi Dt Vido Gtw
Figur : Anc on n/w, nor od, 00 icroc. ring TTRT () 130 OfLd.9, An, 200k. Mn 120 1 0 90 0 D 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 Voic Vido Intrctiv Fi Dt Vido Gtw
Mn, D (35,36,37- Ig WS not hown) Figur 9: Snc/Anc n/w, nor od, 00 icroc. ring 120 1 OfLd.9, Anc/Snc, 200k TTRT - SBA:.22(VV),.(GW) 0 TTRT - SBA:.4(VV), 1.95(GW) TTRT - SBA:.75(VV), 3.0(GW) 90 TTRT () 0 D 70 60 50 Mn 40 30 20 0 Voic Vido Intrctiv Fi Dt Vido Gtw
Figur : Anc on n/w, nor od, 00 icroc. ring with Iging WS TTRT () OfLd.9, An, 200k. Mn 000 354 204 00 D 0 32 3.4 51.2 6.4 12 64 1 Voic Vido Iging WS Intrctiv Fi Dt Vido Gtw
Figur 11: Snc + Anc n/w, nor od, 00 icroc. ring with Iging WS TTRT () OfLd.9, Anc/Snc, 200k. Mn 000 340 2150 1792 TTRT - SBA:.22(VV),.(GW) TTRT - SBA:.4(VV), 1.95(GW) TTRT - SBA:.75(VV), 3.0(GW) 00 D 0 51 115 22.4 22.4 22.4 14.4 14.4 1 Voic Vido Iging WS Intrctiv Fi Dt Vido Gtw
D 370 360 350 340 330 320 3 300 290 20 270 260 250 0 230 220 2 200 190 170 0 150 140 130 120 1 0 90 0 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 Figur 12: Anc. on n/w, ovrod, 4 icroc. ring OfLd 1.5, Anc,.k. 4%b 13%b %b Voic Vido Intrctiv Fi Dt Vido Gtw 60%b 55%b 60%b Mn TTRT ()
D 320 3 300 290 20 270 260 250 0 230 220 2 200 190 170 0 150 140 130 120 1 0 90 0 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 Figur 13: Snc + Anc n/w, ovrod, 4 icroc. ring OfLd 1.5, Anc/Snc,.k. %b 7%b 15%b Voic Vido Intrctiv Fi Dt Vido Gtw TTRT Mn TTRT - SBA:.25(VV), 1.0(GW TTRT - SBA:.5(VV), 2.0(GW TTRT - SBA:.75(VV), 3.0(GW
Figur 14: Anc. on n/w, ovrod, 4 icroc. ring with Iging WS TTRT () 000 OfLd 1.5, Anc,.k. 60%b 50%b 45%b Mn 00 4%b 13%b %b D 0 60%b 55%b 60%b 1 Voic Vido Iging WS Intrctiv Fi Dt Vido Gtw
0000 Figur 15: Snc. + Anc n/w, ovrod, 4 icroc. ring OfLd 1.5, Anc/Snc,.k. Mn TTRT 000 55%b 60%b 55%b TTRT - SBA:.25(VV), 1.0(GW TTRT - SBA:.5(VV), 2.0(GW TTRT - SBA:.75(VV), 3.0(G D 00 0 %b 7%b 15%b 1 Voic Vido Iging WS Intrctiv Fi Dt Vido Gtw
Figur : Anc on n/w, ovrod, 00 icroc. ring with Iging WS TTRT () OfLd 1.5, Anc, 200k. Mn 0000 65%b 000 61%b 50%b D 00 0 14%b 12%b 19%b 66%b 62%b 62%b 1 Voic Vido Iging WS Intrctiv Fi Dt Vido Gtw
0000 Figur 17: Snc + Anc n/w, ovrod, 00 icroc. ring with Iging WS OfLd 1.5, Anc/Snc, 200k. Mn TTRT () 000 65%b 64%b 5%b D 00 0 25%b 12%b 1%b 1 Voic Vido Iging WS Intrctiv Fi Dt Vido Gtw
Figur 1: Anc on n/w, nor od, 00 icroc. ring TTRT () D 430 420 4 400 390 30 370 360 350 340 330 320 3 300 290 20 270 260 250 0 230 220 2 200 190 170 0 150 140 130 120 1 0 90 0 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 OfLd 1.5, Anc, 200k. 14%b 12%b 19%b Voic Vido Intrctiv Fi Dt Vido Gtw Mn 66%b 62%b 62%b
Figur 19: Snc on n/w, nor od, 122 icroc ring 7 OffLd.96, Snc Tfc, k. Mn A VV, A Snch 70 Sttion Suppo 6 Utiizing 96. Mbp TTRT: 26 5 SBA: 0.37 D 4 3 2 1 0 Voic Vido