The Road to Electrical Vehicle and Hybrid Evolution in Turkey Prof. Dr. R. Nejat TUNCAY OKAN University & MEKATRO R&D Company Istanbul, Turkey November 18, 2015
Why What Happened between 1890 and 1920? WHY then numbers of electric cars sold were higher than gasoline types? NewYork Taxi Electric Carriage and Wagon Company
EVs had following superiorities at that time Self starting No gear change problems Less vibrations No petrol smelling Less noise Cost advantage
How EVs disappeared in the following years? Mass production of ICE driven vehicles Better Technical quality Cost reduction New petrol fields discovered and petrol prices went down New roads constructed and long distance travelling became possible
What is happening now? Global warming problem, CO2 and NOx emissions Technical advances on power electronics, electrical machines and control technology Technical advances on battery technology Improvement of material & design technology Cost reductions
Mtoe World Energy Demand (IEA) 18 000 16 000 14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 Other Renewables Biomass Hydro Nuclear Natural Gas Petrol Coal
Why Electric Vehicles? Enevate Final Report 2013
Targeted Opportunities: Customer Needs Estimation of EVs and HEVs sales
Reference, Asst. Prof. Dr. Murat Yılmaz, Elsevier Renewable & Sustainable Energy Review,52,2015 pp 80-99
Electromobility influences a lot of components Power Train: Human Car Interface: Electric Machine, Electric Generator, Clutch, Gear Box, Braking System, New Control Concepts, HMI, Range Analysis Architectur: BUS, CAN Systems Car Body: New Car Concepts, Lightweight Constructions, NVH, Aerodynamics Energy Systems: Li-Ionen Batteries, Flywheel, Fuel-Cell, SuperCaps Infrastructure: Fast Charging and Battery Swapping Thermal Control: Air Conditioning, electric Heating, Cooling for Battery, Power Electronics, E-Motor Power Electronics: Inverter, Converter, ECU, Charging Management Auxiliaries: Power Steering, Accessory Power, electric Compressors
TURKISH CAR INDUSTRY Many of the world s largest car brands have manufacturing facilities in Turkey, some even with separate R&D centres. Automotive Industry is the sixth largest in Europa. Total vehicles and passenger cars production in Turkey are 1.218.848 and 733.439 respectively. 74 % of manufactured vehicles and 79 % of manufactured passenger cars are exported.
DOMESTIC DEMAND Approximately 16 million cars on the road in Turkey today. Domestic demand is also high, increasing from 115 per thousand people in 2004 to 233 in 2014. Just 400 are HEV or EVs are on the road. It should be discussed why HEV and EVs market share is so low in Turkey.
Doblo Series Hybrid EV project in 2001 at Marmara Research Centre is first attempt in Turkey. There have been various research activities then. Electrical version of Renault Fluence Z.E was the first EV, produced in Turkey and presented to the market. The BMW i3, Toyota Prius and Honda Civic hybrids have been available in Turkish Market for some time.
MARMARA RESEARCH CENTER (MRC) & TOFAŞ FIAT 2002 Fuel I.C.E. G Battery Pack Generator Power Management System ~ = DC Voltage Bus Motor Driver = ~ M Traction Motor Wheel Mechanical Coupling Wheel
Parallel Hybrid EV (Through the Road) 2006 Rear Wheel Front Wheel MG ~ = I.C.E. Battery Pack Fuel Tank Rear Wheel Front Wheel
Parallel Hybrid EV (Both front and rear axes are propelled seperately) 2008
OTOKAR Hybrid 160LE ( heavy-duty segment) Bus 2007
HEXAGON-KARSAN (NewYork) Taxi Project
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (Hub) 10kW BLDC Machine
Electric Vehicle Brushless DC Motor (70 kw)
[%] [Nm] Experimental Study (70 kw) Efficiency- Speed Torque - Speed 400.00 350.00 300.00 250.00 200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 [1/min] 100.00 90.00 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 0 5001000150020002500300035004000 [1/min]
E-Bike Power Train 250W BLDC Machine
Electric Vehicle Motor Driver Systems 4 kw-20 kw
Electric Vehicle Motor Driver Systems 100 kw
OKAN UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES & INTELLIGENT AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS APPLICATION AND RESEARCH CENTER «TTIS» TTIS aims to be a World Wide recognized node of knowledge and research as well as a Centre of Excellence in the field of Intelligent Transport Systems by 2020
Innovative and Sustainable Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies Development Center and Cluster Formed under TTIS Okan University «Transport Technologies and Intelligent Automotive Systems Research Center»
Innovative Intelligent & Connected Vehicles Technology Development and Clustering Centre
Thank You! Prof. Dr. R. Nejat TUNCAY OKAN University & MEKATRO R&D Company Istanbul, Turkey nejat.tuncay@okan.edu.tr ntuncay@mekatro.com