Materials for Space applications: on-orbit experiments of Tor Vergata and new perspectives Fabrizio Quadrini Tel. +39 06 7259 7167 Mobile +39 320 4394 383 University of Rome Tor Vergata Via del Politecnico, 1 00133 Roma, Italia Technology and Manufacturing fabrizio.quadrini@uniroma2.it WORKSHOP May 17th, 2016
Shape memory materials SM materials are materials which are able to freeze a secondary shape and to recover the original one by means of an external stimulus (heat) Shape memory alloys, polymers, and composites Space applications: from volume reduction to self-deployable structures W.M. Huang, C.W. Lee, H.P. Teo, J. Int. Mat. Sys. Str. 17 (2006) 753 Solar sails http://www.satnews.com (U.S. Air Force graphic) Space cleaning
SMP foams and SMP composites by Tor Vergata PMCs with shape memory polymers (SMPs) Thermo-mechanical cycle SMPs and SMCs Cooling Loading Heating Heating Cooling Loading Heating Heating
Solid state foaming of SMP foams New foaming method simpler than conventional ones (no blowing agent) Homogeneous closed-cell thermoset foams with excellent mechanical properties muffle tablet steel mold for foaming thermosetting powder foam mold for powder compression
Shape memory behavior of SMP foams Still platens Constant load Heating Temperature effect Combination of temperature effect and degradation Freezing Hot gun Thermocouple Memorized SMP 25 20 Maximum load Degradation begin Stop Heating Pre-load = 1 N Load, N 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Time, min
I-FOAM Shuttle Mission STS-134 22 May 2011 Experiment on ISS The idea of using shape memory epoxy foams produced by solid state foaming has been rewarded by the Italian Space Agency and the Italian Air Force which selected this new material for an experiment on the International Space Station (ISS). This experiment was held on May 2011, thanks to the last mission of the Space Shuttle Endeavour, and results are now available. THE GOAL Evaluating the recovery behaviour under different loading conditions during storing: compression, flexure and torsion
The concept design of the experiment Three configurations: Compression Flexure Torsion On ground experiments Maximum actuation load as a function of the recovery percentage 45% 35%
BIOKON University of Rome Tor Vergata The experimental system The experiment was performed by an autonomous device contained in the BIOKON container, composed of control and heating system, battery pack and data acquisition system, developed by Kayser Italia.
ISS experiment
On-orbit experiment results The final recovery of the foams was 10% for the compression configuration, 72% for the flexure (i.e an angular rotation of 130 ) and 71% for the torsion (i.e. an angular rotation of 128 ) Effect of the heating conditions
The second experiment: Ribes_FOAM2 20 April 2013 BION-M1 Mission Soyuz-2 launch vehicle Spring Compression configuration Actuator 180 folded SMPC
Ribes_FOAM2 Experiment Compression configuration Before flight Post flight before after
Ribes_FOAM2 Experiment
Large size SMCs SM core SM joints
Large size SMCs SMP interlayer 3 M Scotchkote 206 N CFR SMP Interlayer SMP layer CFR prepregs (HexPly by Hexcel) 42 wt% epoxy resin content
Properties of SMPCs and new prototypes 0.20 Endothermic -->, W/g CFR prepreg, 2 scan 0.15 0.10 Tg 103 C Tg 120 C 0.05 SMP epoxy 0.00 50 100 150 Temperature, C Storage modulus, GPa 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 30.5 GPa 95 C 116 C 3.2 GPa 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Temperature, C 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 Lossa factor
New perspectives prototypes
SMPC hands
Additional functional properties Anti-bacterial surfaces (nanocomposites and hierarchical surfaces) Nano-coating fragmentation
Materials for Space applications: on-orbit experiments of Tor Vergata and new perspectives Fabrizio Quadrini Tel. +39 06 7259 7167 Mobile +39 320 4394 383 University of Rome Tor Vergata Via del Politecnico, 1 00133 Roma, Italia Technology and Manufacturing fabrizio.quadrini@uniroma2.it Thank you WORKSHOP May 17th, 2016