Creating an IoT Ecosystem

Creating an IoT Ecosystem IEEE Internet of Things Initiative Roberto Minerva, IoT Initiative Chair Hendrik Berndt, Scenarios Track Chair San Diego, Dec 6 th, 2015 1

Agenda IEEE IoT Initiative What IoT is and its several challenges IoT the T means Things IoT and e-health IoT and Data IoT and Communications Concluding Remarks 2

IEEE IoT Initiative: Objectives Develop and promote valued programs, products and services for the IoT community To establish: Ø IEEE World Forum on IoT as the principal conference devoted to IoT Ø The IEEE IoT Journal as the principal journal devoted to IoT Ø IEEE IoT standards as the principal standards in IoT Ø IEEE s IoT tutorials, review articles, workshops, short courses and similar activities as the principal IoT educational activities. 3

Internet of Things Initiative: Organization Internet of Things (IoT) Chair (R. Minerva) Education Track (A. Pears) Publications Track (Y.K. Chen) Industry Engagement (O. Logvinov) Conferences Track (V. Piuri) Standards Track (Chuck) Comm./PR Track (L. Stogner) Scenarios Track (H. Berndt) Education Working Group Publications Working Group IndustryWorking Group Conferences Working Group Standards Working Group Comm./PR Working Group Scenarios Working Group 4

Scenario track of the IEEE IoT Initiative Ø Within this global track a widespread set of Use Cases, Business Models and reference implementations of IoT is being assembled to provide for IoT community members compelling examples of service descriptions. Ø It serves as encouragement for solution findings for the community members own needs and to derive from them a generic IoT architecture. 5

Deriving Input from Scenarios for an IoT Architectural Framework Why? Ø Most current standardization activities are confined to very specific domains and stakeholder groups. They therefore represent islands of disjointed and often redundant development. Ø IEEE P2413 architectural framework is an attempt to overcome this 6

Deriving Input from Scenarios for an IoT Architectural Framework IEEE P2413 provides for Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø a reference model that defines relationships among various IoT domains (e.g., transportation, healthcare, etc.) and common architecture elements and a reference architecture that builds upon the reference model defines basic architectural building blocks and their ability to be integrated into multi-tiered systems IoT domain abstractions, and how to document and mitigate architecture divergence 7

Deriving Input from Scenarios for an IoT Architectural Framework IEEE P2413 Ø Besides interactions with standardization activities within IEEE, P2413 will strive to establish liaisons with other standardization bodies. Ø Discussions are underway with IEEE 802.24, IEC SG8, onem2m, and IIC Ø Work completion timeline: 2016 8

Agenda IEEE IoT Initiative What IoT is and its several challenges IoT the T means Things IoT and e-health IoT and Data IoT and Communications Concluding Remarks 9

IoT implies a lot of Challenges Definition of Things and «Identity of Things» Challenge Complexity Challenge Communication Paradigms Challenge Data Challenge The Software Platform Challenge Silos vs. Horizontal Application Domains The revenue challenge Per device Connectivity Data The Value Chain Challenge New Biz Model Challenge Privacy Challenge Ownership Challenge Security Challenge Easiness of Use Challenge Social Cooperation Challenge 10

Context: the Rise of Softwarization Key drivers towards softwarization Commoditization of HW, i.e., general purpose HW is becoming more and more powerful and cheap. Cloud computing evolving towards a Fog of very powerful terminals (smartphones) Commoditization of communications, i.e., the ubiquitous availability of communications means Virtualization, i.e., the capability to execute functions and services on virtual computational environments Autonomics & Self-Organization the ability of large system to adaptively & autonomously optimize their behavior Availability of Application Programming Interfaces for several resources and functionalities (pertaining to the Comm, Stor, Proc, Sens/Acting realms) Open Source, i.e., the ability to model resources and functions by means of software communities that share results and tools Big data, the capability to collect data in real time that describe a phenomenon associated with a resource or a person (or groups of them) Softwarization instantiations Softwarization of the Telcos Software Defined Networks (SDN) Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) Integration of SDN, NFV with Cloud Emergence of new Services paradigms and Biz Models Servitization: Anything as a Service (e.g., IoT) Pervasive sensoring and actuating Virtual Continuum Creating new Virtual Worlds bridging the Physical WorldMetaverse: Integrating of the Physical and Virtual Worlds Micro-Manufacturing: 3D Printers Big Data Real Time Data management The Bank of User Data Electronic Money Edge as Point of Intelligence Accumulation Smart Terminals Different connectivity options Smart environment. Processing, Storage and Communication resources will be interchangeable. Their composition will allow to provide high quality services, while virtualization and autonomics will allow for system optimization (aggregating resources where they are needed the most) 11

Agenda IEEE IoT Initiative What IoT is and its several challenges IoT the T means Things IoT and e-health IoT and Data IoT and Communications Concluding Remarks 12

What are Things? https://ibmcai.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/iot-network.jpg

What are Internet-Connected Things? Generic Info Active/passive, with/without context Passive Objects A Tag, A pointer to some information Contextualized Info Info + a location Reactive Objects Autonomous Objects A switch at home (turn it on/off), A smart meter A Vending Machine, An Intelligent Fridge Home Automation (when temperature reaches 20 C stop heating) A Cleaning Robot

Each Object can be a Smart Thing Virtual Continuum ICT Resources Local Services Global Services API Interface ICT Resource Virtualization in the Net Extended Functions /Interface Resource API Each Resource is representable in the Cloud Each resource can be made programmable Physical/Logical Resources Physical Resource Virtualization in the Net Global Services Extended Functions /Interface Resource API API Each Resource can be functionally augmented

IoTApplication Domains & Stakeholders Consumer equipment providers Consumers ICT infrastructure providers Regulators Logistics companies Public transport companies City authorities Logistics Media Mobility/ Transportation Healthcare IoT architecture frame work Manufacturing Hospitals & Doctors Home & Building Energy Retail Insurance companies Appliances providers Facility management Retail stores Application developers Utilities Manufacturing industries Automation equipment providers *due to the diversity of IoT application areas only selected domains and stakeholders are shown 16

17 How Many Things?

Are we ready to deal with Billions of smart and independent things? Billions of smart objects cannot be managed in a traditional manner There is the need to move towards zeroconfiguration and autonomic systems 06/12/15

One IoT - two different views The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions systems made out of networked sensors and smart objects whose purpose is to measure/control/operate on an environment in such a way to make it intelligent, usable, and programmable and capable of providing useful services to humans. Single Administrative Domain In a single administrative domain Internet of Things envisions a system comprising sensors/actuators, aggregators, gateways and service control. These components use Internet protocols and/or specific sensor protocols to communicate. These systems could be quite large in size and complex in technologies (even if they will tend to use a few of them), but they are homogeneous from a management perspective, at least in processes and governance and in ownership Multiple Administrative Domains In multiple administrative domains, the IoT envisions the integration of several heterogeneous systems as networks of networks, each one using different technologies, interfaces and protocols and governed/managed by different Actors by means of different processes and managements functions. IoT in a multi domain envisions a selfconfiguring and adaptive complex system made out of networks of sensors and smart objects whose purpose is to interconnect all things, including every day and industrial objects in a way as described above 19

Agenda IEEE IoT Initiative What IoT is and its several challenges IoT the T means Things IoT and e-health IoT and Data IoT and Communications Concluding Remarks 20

Expenditure on E-Health as a percentage of GPD A Challenge: how to use technologies to cut costs and improve quality in the health environment

Healthcare is challenged.. Ø by large amounts of data in motion that is diverse, unstructured and growing exponentially. Ø By data constantly streaming in through interconnected sensors, monitors and instruments in real - time faster than a doctors or nurse or hospital can keep up with Nome del Relatore, Nome Struttura 22

Big Data and e-health As volume and velocity of health data increases, new technologies such as Stream computing, help to analyse health information in real- time and represent results in a logical way to help caregivers make better decisions. 23

Libelium Open Source e-health Sensor Platform The e-health Sensor platform allows Arduino and Raspberry Pi users to perform biometric and medical applications where body monitoring is needed using 9 different sensors: Ø pulse, Ø oxygen in blood (SPO2), Ø airflow (breathing), Ø body temperature, Ø electrocardiogram (ECG), Ø glucometer, Ø galvanic skin response (GSR-sweating), Ø blood pressure (sphygmomanometer) and Ø patient position (accelerometer) 06/12/15

Example: biometric and medical applications with body monitoring Source: http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-award/project/libelium-open-source-e-health-sensor-platform/

Supply and demand 26 06/12/15

Example: BedSores Ø The approach utilizes thousands of sensors that form an electronic sheet over a mattress to detect in real time the precise distribution of pressure across the mattress. Ø The system links up with a handheld monitoring device that displays images of pressure distribution and sounds alarms if patients need to be turned. Ø The system keeps a history of the patient s positioning that caregivers can access across multiple shifts.

Example: BedSores http://www.sokasleep.com/blog/ http://medtecheurope.blogactiv.eu/2014/04/02/when-design-meets-medtechthree-ideas-in-preventing-and-managing-pressure-ulcers/

A rehabilitation scenario http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-06-patients-recoverarm-virtual-reality.html http://www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/msl/research/

The European project SEMEOTICONS The empowerment of individuals to self-monitor status and improve life-style, is expected to have a great impact on the reduction of health expenditure 30 06/12/15 http://www.semeoticons.eu/

Some observation on e-health Data E-Health Data will contribute to the Data Surge Many data from health related sources Integration with wellness systems Multimedia data Privacy of data and fair usage There is the need to protect the final user/ patient New ownership of data are to be defined (Bank of user data) IoT and Big Data analysis will go hand in hand Exploitation and monetization of data sets Collection of data and new applications fields is essentially undiscovered

Agenda IEEE IoT Initiative What IoT is and its several challenges IoT the T means Things IoT and e-health IoT and Data IoT and Communications Concluding Remarks 32

How much Data (and traffic)? = 2.33 MB /Day = 12.2 MB /Day = 27 Byte /s http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/ white_paper_c11-520862.html#trend_3_measuring_mobile_ioe = 141 Byte /s

IoT Data and Identity of Things Things have Identities (and Owners) People have Identities and use Things Identity Relation Me Functional Relation (events and commands) My Smart Thing Raw data to be transformed into Info Third Parties Functional Profiling Personal Profiling

Aggregating Data per Identity Events and commands Ø Who is the Owner of all these Data? Ø Who has the right to extract info? OUR Smart Things + Raw data to be transformed into Information * = Bigger DATA Functional Profiling Personal Profiling Who, Where, When, What, Why, 50 B Devices * ~ 2MB/day = ~ 88.8 Petabytes /day (Average Aggregated Traffic of M2M Devices)

Fog Computing Happens When Big Data Analytics Marries Internet Of Things 36 06/12/15 http://tarrysingh.com/2014/07/fog-computing-happens-when-big-dataanalytics-marries-internet-of-things/

37 06/12/15 http://tarrysingh.com/2014/07/fog-computing-happens-when-big-dataanalytics-marries-internet-of-things/

Agenda IEEE IoT Initiative What IoT is and its several challenges IoT the T means Things IoT and e-health IoT and Data IoT and Communications Concluding Remarks 38

Three Communication Environments Long Range Communication (3G, 4G, 5G, ) Personal Devices Short Range Communication (WiFi, BlueTooth, NFC, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, ) The Network is a commodity Intelligence aggregates at the Edges Network Intelligence makes no sense Services and Applications (Cloud and Internet) Control/ Management Communication Smart Environment Communication (capillary network) Network as a fast Pipe Distributed Edge Networked Platform Value of UpLink Control of Spikes of Information Virtualization in the Cloud of Resources Transactional Communication with Guarantees Pervasiveness and high distribution of functions Complete decentralization Autonomic behavior Opportunistic and dynamic usage of resources and networks Integration of processing, storage, communication and sensing 39

Anything will be a node! Ø Ø Intel has unveiled a WiFi sliver of silicon that can be part of a normal microprocessor chip. We can expect that wherever we find a microprocessor (e.g. in over 70% of toys, to name just one area) we will find embedded connectivity. Consequently there is a trend in devices: integration of communication, processing, storage and sensing/actuation capabilities Roberto Saracco http://www.blog.telecomfuturecentre.it/

Nodes will connect with each other in unpredictable ways Aggregation 2 Aggregation 3 2 1 Aggregation 1 Increasing richness and complexity at the edge of networks D2D Communications 3 Network Node Aggregation at time t 1 3 Aggregation 1 1 Aggregation 2 2 http://muxware.net/sol_mesh.php Node Aggregation at time t 2

Virtual Resources 5G Resources and Infrastructure IoT Service Layer (IoT Slice) 5G Slicing supporting IoT IoT Services and ApplicaAon Service API Virtualized FuncAons IoT Slice North bound API Edge Infrastructures Virtual Infrastructure Other Infrastructures Southbound API Core Resources and Networks

5G & Internet of Things 5G will be the perfect backbone for the Internet of Things because it will bring together many disparate networks into one unified framework that combines shortrange communications such as RFID and Bluetooth with cellular technology and incorporates small cells and heterogeneous networks. 5G is envisioned as a wireless network that will deliver Ø speeds of 20 Gbps, Ø offer extremely low latency, have less than 1 millisecond and Ø connect billions of devices What makes 5G particularly appealing for IoT, however, is that it will also make it possible to segment out low-bandwidth users and devices that don t necessarily need the high data speeds and huge chunks of bandwidth to work. Instead these 5G use cases just need a reliable connection that is interoperable with other IoT devices and networks. 43 06/12/15 Fierce Wireless:

Tactile Internet 44 06/12/15

Tactile Internet Ø Ø The tactile Internet can be seen as the extension of current mobile Internet and Internet of Things in regard to moving objects and real-time applications based on a 5Gcommunication infrastructure Main focus à the human in the loop Gerhard Fettweis, TU Dresden Ø 45 The comparison with the sensing/reacting of the human body capability has been taken as the foundation for a definition of new service classes and applications, in particular for virtual reality, robotics and human caretaking Pune, 07.10.2015

Tactile Internet creates a paradigm shift from content delivery to skill-set delivery networks

Takeaways on Communications Understand the fundamental role of Terminals and Devices The Intelligent is at the EDGE (Put in the Net only valuable functions) 5G as an enabler 06/12/15

Agenda IEEE IoT Initiative What IoT is and its several challenges IoT the T means Things IoT and e-health IoT and Data IoT and Communications Concluding Remarks 48

Help solving the many interoperability Issues Software Interoperability Protocol Interoperability Data Interoperability Processes and management Interoperability Reliability / Autonomics

Business Issues Value Chain Viable Business Models Prosumers and Users

Creating Connected ecosystems Key enablers Ø IoT Ø 5G Ø Industry 4.0 The Verticals Advancing those technologies in society and industry in a very broad sense creates new levels of Ø inspiration and imagination Ø invention of new technology Ø challenges for research communities Ø investment opportunities Ø national ambitions 51

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