Old Versus New Paradigms in Higher Education

HBCU Week 2013 Developing New Research Models for HBCUs focusing on Computer Science, Agriculture, Environmental Management and Engineering in the Global Setting John Michael Lee, Jr., Ph.D. Vice President Office of Access & Success

Old Versus New Paradigms in Higher Education

Current Threats to HBCUS Declining Financial Supports Federal State Local Student Financial AId Accountability Student Default Rates Graduation/ Retention Rates NCAA Changing Paradigms Inability to grow & diversify Accreditation Merger/Closure Lack of Collective Action

Declining Financial Resources Declining Public Funding for higher education Universities must have a diversity of funding sources to remain viable in the new paradigm (State, Federal, Research, etc.) Universities that lack the ability to diversify their financial portfolio will find themselves at a competitive disadvantage.

Got Accountability??? Accountability standards in Higher Education will be the new norm in higher education. Retention Standards Graduation Standards NCAA Standards (Hampton, NCA&T, Texas Southern) These new standards will be tied to both state and federal funding for higher education. HBCUs will no longer be exempt from accountability measures and old arguments will not suffice. HBCUs must be proactive in not only raising these measures but also in shaping standards and policies.

Challenges and Threats Measure of Student Learning Decrease in State Funding Mature System Changing Students Profile Public Good vs. Social Good Measure of Institutional Quality A K-12 Collaboration Competition U.S. Higher Education Millennium Generation B Lack of public confidence Expectations from Employers Not Met Student Retention and Graduation Rates Increase in Regulatory Requirements Scientific and Engineering Knowledge Rising Costs Changes in Accreditation Requirements

Shifting Focus A Students Faculty Lab Facilities Curriculum Extra-Curricular Programs Problem Statements U.S. Higher Education Career Ready Professionals Educated Citizens New Knowledge Technology Transfer Service to Community B

Enrollment Growth at HBCUs

Enrollment Growth at HBCUs Enrollment growth in degree-granting historically Black colleges and universities by decade, by sex of student: 1980, 1990, 2000 45.0% 40.0% Total Men Women 41.9% 41.5% 42.2% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 19.5% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 10.1% 7.2% 2.9% 10.2% 0.0% -5.0% 1980-1990 1990-2000 2000-2010 Source: US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS, 2011 KEY -1.2% HBCU enrollment grown was higher over the last decade than the previous two decades due to increased enrollment of males

Enrollment Growth at HBCUs Enrollment Growth at Historically Black Colleges and Universities by Race/Ethnicity, 2000-2010 120% 106% 100% 90% 80% 60% 56% 55% 40% 33% 20% 0% American Indian Asian African American Hispanic White Source: US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS, 2011 KEY HBCUS have doubled the number of Asian students and nearly doubled the number of Hispanic Students; African American growth at HBCUs was the lowest among all race/ethnic groups.

Current Events: Accreditation HBCUs make up 13% of SACS of membership. 25% of SACS sanctions pertain to HBCUs (1996-2011). Since 1989, 50% of the institutions to lose accreditation in SACS were HBCUs. Since 199816 HBCUs placed on Warnings/Denied Approvals 14 HBCUs placed on Probation 4 HBCUCs lost Accreditation (Morris Brown-2002, Barbara Scotia-2004, Edward Waters-2004, Paul Quinn- 2009)

State of Emergency: Accreditation Table 1: Accreditation Decisions of HBCUs by SACS (1998-2001) Year Placed on Warning/ Denied Approvals Placed on Probation Loss of Accreditation 1998 Savannah State University, GA St. Paul s College, VA Hinds Community College, MS 1999 Morris Brown College, GA Southwestern Christian College, TX Tougaloo College, MS LeMoyne-Owens College, TN Stillman College, AL 2000 Huston-Tillotson College, TX Voorhees College, SC LeMoyne-Owens College, TN Alabama State University, AL Southwestern Christian College, TX Tougaloo College, MS Bennett College, NC Talladega College, AL 2001 Grambling State University, LA Alabama State University, AL Southwestern Christian College, TX Bennett College, NC St. Augustine's College, NC Barber-Scotia College, NC Huston-Tillotson College, TX Voorhees College, SC Grambling State University, LA Bennett College, NC Morris Brown College, GA Talladega College, AL

State of Emergency: Accreditation Table 2: Accreditation Decisions of HBCUs by SACS (2002-2007) Year Placed on Warning/ Denied Approvals Placed on Probation Loss of Accreditation 2002 Alabama State University, AL Interdenominational Theological Center, GA 2003 Barber-Scotia College, NC LeMoyne-Owens College, TN Huston-Tillotson College, TX Grambling State University, LA Bennett College, NC Talladega College, AL Interdenominational Theological Center, GA St. Augustine's College, NC Texas College, TX 2004 LeMoyne-Owens College, TN Talladega College, AL Texas College, TX 2005 Virginia Union University, VA Talladega College, AL LeMoyne-Owens College, TN Morris Brown College, GA Barber-Scotia College, NC Edward Waters College, FL 2006 LeMoyne-Owens College, TN 2007 Coahoma Community College, MS Dillard University, LA Paul Quinn College, TX Florida A&M University, FL Texas Southern University, TX

State of Emergency: Accreditation Table 2: Accreditation Decisions of HBCUs by SACS (2002-2007) Year Placed on Warning/ Denied Approvals Placed on Probation Loss of Accreditation 2008 Dillard University, LA Florida Memorial University 2009 Florida Memorial University, FL Tougaloo College, MS South Carolina State University, SC 2010 Stillman College, AL Fisk University, TN Tennessee State University, TN 2011 Fisk University, TN Southern University at Shreveport, LA Fort Valley State University, GA Savannah State University, GA Stillman College, AL Paul Quinn College, TX Florida A&M University, FL Texas Southern University, TX Alabama A&M University Texas Southern University, TX Bennett College, NC Tougaloo College, MS Paul Quinn College, TX

Current Events: Proposed Mergers Georgia (2008): Republican legislator, Seth Harp, suggested merging two HBCUs in the state (Albany State University & Savannah State University) with predominately white colleges in close proximity (Clark, 2008; Salzer & White, 2008) Mississippi (2009): On November 16, 2009, Mississippi s Governor, Haley Barbour, made a budget recommendation to the Mississippi State Legislature that the state s three HBCUs- Mississippi Valley State University, Alcorn State University, and Jackson State University- all be merged into a single institution of higher learning.

Current Events: Proposed Mergers Louisiana (2011): In March 2011, Louisiana Governor, Bobby Jindal, proposed merging Southern University New Orleans (SUNO) with the University of New Orleans (UNO). (Clark, 2008; Salzer & White, 2008) South Carolina (2013): There has been a proposal to merge South Carolina State University into the University of South Carolina.

Chasing the Set Aside: Research Funding Inequities

$70,000,000,000 $60,000,000,000 Total Research and Development Expenditures in 2010 and 2011 $65,073,411,000 $61,190,610,000 $50,000,000,000 $40,000,000,000 $30,000,000,000 $20,000,000,000 $10,000,000,000 $0.83% $542,471,000 0.83% $465,922,000 2011 2010 Total R&D Expenditures Total HBCU R&D Expenditures

Top HBCUs for R&D Funding Institution Rank 2011 R&D Funding Florida Agricultural and Mechanical 195 $53,326,000 University Jackson State University 200 $49,998,000 Howard University 212 $42,341,000 North Carolina Agricultural and Technical 228 $34,930,000 State University Morehouse School of Medicine 231 $33,946,000 Alabama A&M University 238 $32,063,000 Delaware State University 276 $19,019,000 Tuskegee University 295 $15,685,000 Prairie View A&M University 296 $15,243,000 Fayetteville State University 297 $14,618,000 Tennessee State University 302 $13,468,000 Morgan State University 306 $12,803,000 Hampton University 307 $12,414,000 Alabama State University 309 $12,340,000 Alcorn State University 316 $11,397,000

Top 10 Universities for R&D Funding Institution 2011 Federal Funding 2013 and 2012 Lobbying 2012 Contributions Johns Hopkins University $1,880,000,000 $800,000 $502,291 University of Washington $949,000,000 $650,000 $674,959 University of Michigan $820,000,000 $335,000 $651,142 University of Pennsylvania $707,000,000 $913,358 $693,455 University of Pittsburgh $662,000,000 $670,000 $243,612 Stanford University $656,000,000 $470,000 $2,369,449 Columbia University $645,000,000 $104,145 $1,116,537 University of California $637,000,000 $1,000,000 $3,144,466 University of Wisconsin $594,000,000 $400,000 $495,984 Duke University $585,000,000 $570,873 $441,051

The Blueprint

The Blueprint Superior Resources (Technology) Superior Finances Beating the Competition Intentionality (Knowledge) New Ideas (Innovation)

CONTACT: John Michael Lee, Jr., PhD jlee@aplu.org