Appendix D NRCS Soil Survey Mapping and Reports

Appendix D NRCS Soil Survey Mapping and Reports

MARYLAND COMAR - HIGHLY ERODIBLE SOILS (HES) MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND SLOPES GREATER THAN 5 PERCENT WITH A Kw-FACTOR GREATER THAN 0.35 NOTES: Table is based on data from NRCS SSURGO data (2/02/2007) exported from the Soil Data Mart. This table lists soils meeting the Maryland COMAR and local SCD definition of Highly Erodible Soils (HES) based on the Kw-Factor. RV infers representative value (mid range). Percent Compostion is only given for major components, not minor components. Kw-Factor is from surface layer and includes adjustments for rock fragments. Not Rated = n/r. Highly Erodible Soils (HES) criteria elements are: K Factor=Kw-Factor > 0.35 with slopes > 5% or Slope=slopes > 15%. Slopes with RV's of 4% were included to capture thoses soils that have slope ranges up to 8%. The Glenelg soils have been added to this table because of incorrect Kw values in the database. The Croom soils have been removed from this list because of incorrect Kw values in the database. Mapunit Sym Mapunit Name/Component Name(s) Total Acres Comp % RV Slope % RV Kw-Factor 1B: Gaila silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 9,469 Gaila 95 6 0.37 1C: Gaila silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes 17,070 Gaila 95 12 0.37 2B: Glenelg silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 52,024 Glenelg 95 6 0.43 2C: Glenelg silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes 12,732 Glenelg 95 12 0.43 2UB: Glenelg-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 10,232 percent slopes Glenelg 50 4 0.43 2UC: Glenelg-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 7,445 percent slopes Glenelg 50 12 0.43 7UB: Gaila-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent 608 slopes Gaila 50 4 0.37 7UC: Gaila-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 639 percent slopes Gaila 50 12 0.37 17B: Occoquan loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 11,998 Occoquan 80 6 0.37 17C: Occoquan loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes 5,647 Occoquan 80 12 0.37 19B: Bucks silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 1,866 Bucks 85 6 0.37 22B: Readington silt loam, 3 to 8 percent 2,862 slopes Readington 80 6 0.43 35B: Chrome and Conowingo soils, 3 to 8 2,085 percent slopes Conowingo 30 6 0.43 37B: Travilah silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 973 Travilah 95 6 0.43 41B: Elsinboro silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 430 Elsinboro 85 6 0.49

Maryland COMAR - (HES) Montgomery County, MD Slopes > 5% with Kw-Factor > 0.35 (cont) Mapunit Sym Mapunit Name/Component Name(s) Total Acres Comp % RV Slope % RV Kw-Factor 57B: Chillum silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 1,295 Chillum 100 6 0.43 57C: Chillum silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes 624 Chillum 100 12 0.43 57D: Chillum silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes 144 Chillum 100 20 0.43 57UB: Chillum-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 428 percent slopes Chillum 50 4 0.43 59B: Beltsville silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 595 Beltsville 100 6 0.43 64B: Croom and Bucks soils, 3 to 8 percent 1,261 slopes Bucks 30 6 0.37 64C: Croom and Bucks soils, 8 to 15 percent 469 slopes Bucks 30 12 0.37 65B: Wheaton silt loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes 3,457 Wheaton 100 4 0.49 66UB: Wheaton-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 8,054 percent slopes Wheaton 50 4 0.49 66UC: Wheaton-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 2,302 percent slopes Wheaton 50 12 0.49 67UB: Urban land-wheaton complex, 0 to 8 1,499 percent slopes Wheaton 25 4 0.49

MARYLAND COMAR - HIGHLY ERODIBLE SOILS (HES) MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND SLOPES GREATER THAN 15 PERCENT NOTES: Table is based on data from NRCS SSURGO data (2/02/2007) exported from the Soil Data Mart. This table lists soils meeting the Maryland COMAR and local SCD definition of Highly Erodible Soils (HES) based on the slope percent. RV infers representative value (mid range). Percent Compostion is only given for major components, not minor components. Not Rated = n/r. Highly Erodible Soils (HES) criteria elements are: K Factor=Kw-Factor > 0.35 with slopes > 5% or Slope=slopes > 15%. Mapunit Sym Mapunit Name/Component Name(s) Total Acres Comp % RV Slope % RV 16D: Brinklow-Blocktown channery silt loams, 17,026 15 to 25 percent slopes Brinklow 50 20 Blocktown 30 20 18E: Penn silt loam, 15 to 45 percent slopes, 93 very stony Penn 95 30 21D: Penn silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes 1,691 Penn 95 20 21E: Penn silt loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes 698 Penn 95 35 21F: Nestoria-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 50 243 percent slopes Nestoria 65 38 24D: Montalto silt loam 15 to 25 percent 149 slopes, very stony Montalto 100 20 57D: Chillum silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes 144 Chillum 100 20 61D: Croom gravelly loam, 15 to 25 percent 142 slopes Croom 100 20 61E: Croom gravelly loam, 25 to 40 percent 216 slopes Croom 100 33 109D: Hyattstown channery silt loam, 15 to 25 2,748 percent slopes, very rocky Hyattstown 90 20 109E: Hyattstown channery silt loam, 25 to 45 207 percent slopes, very rocky Hyattstown 90 35 116D: Blocktown channery silt loam, 15 to 25 9,470 percent slopes, very rocky Blocktown 85 20 116E: Blocktown channery silt loam, 25 to 45 6,556 percent slopes, very rocky Blocktown 85 35 200 Pits, gravel 326 100? 201 Pits, quarry 235 100?

MARYLAND COMAR HIGHLY ERODIBLE SOILS PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY, MARYLAND SLOPES GREATER THAN 15 PERCENT NOTES: Table is based on data from NRCS SSURGO data (7/31/2009) exported from the Soil Data Mart. This table lists soils meeting the Maryland COMAR and local SCD definition of Highly Erodible Soils (HES). Percent Compostion is only given for major components, not minor components. Slope percentage is representative value (mid range). Highly Erodible Soils (HES) Criteria element: Slopes greater than 15 percent. Mapunit Sym Mapunit Name/Component Name(s) Total Acres Comp % RV Slope % RV AfE Annapolis fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes Annapolis AfF Annapolis fine sandy loam, 25 to 40 percent slopes Annapolis BwD Brinklow channery loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes ByD ByF Brinklow Brinklow Blocktown channery loams, 15 to 25 percent slopes Brinklow Blocktown Brinklow Blocktown channery loams, 25 to 65 percent slopes Brinklow Blocktown CbE Chillum Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Chillum CcE Christiana Downer complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Christiana Downer CcF Christiana Downer complex, 25 to 40 percent slopes Christiana Downer 220 114 8 6 64 62 851 220 80 20 75 33 85 20 50 20 35 20 50 45 40 45 50 20 45 20 35 20 45 35 35 35 The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer." Page 1 of 5

Mapunit Sym Mapunit Name/Component Name(s) Total Acres Comp % RV Slope % RV CdE Christiana Downer Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Christiana Downer CnE Collington Wist complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Collington Wist CnF Collington Wist complex, 25 to 40 percent slopes CoE Collington Wist Collington Wist Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Collington Wist CrE Croom gravelly sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes Croom CsE Croom Howell Collington complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Croom Howell Collington CsF Croom Howell Collington complex, 25 to 40 percent slopes Croom Collington Howell CwE Croom Marr complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Croom Marr CwG Croom Marr complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes 523 3140 921 472 295 869 980 8309 2381 35 20 30 20 60 20 25 20 60 35 25 35 40 20 30 20 75 20 50 18 25 20 25 20 50 35 25 35 25 35 50 20 30 18 The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer." Page 2 of 5

Mapunit Sym Mapunit Name/Component Name(s) Total Acres Comp % RV Slope % RV Croom Marr CxE Croom Marr Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Croom Marr CzE Croom Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Croom EwE Evesboro Downer complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Evesboro Downer GmF Grosstown Marr Hoghole complex, 15 to 40 percent slopes Marr Grosstown Hoghole Dodon HOE Howell and Annapolis soils, 15 to 25 percent slopes Howell Annapolis HZE Howell and Dodon soils, 15 to 25 percent slopes Howell Dodon HZF Howell and Dodon soils, 25 to 40 percent slopes Howell Dodon 810 499 191 McD Manor loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes 187 Manor 3 36 94 40 50 35 30 35 45 20 30 20 70 20 40 20 30 20 30 28 30 28 15 28 10 28 50 20 40 20 50 20 30 20 50 30 30 30 90 20 The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer." Page 3 of 5

Mapunit Sym Mapunit Name/Component Name(s) Total Acres Comp % RV Slope % RV MfF Manor Brinklow complex, 25 to 65 percent slopes, very rocky Manor Brinklow MnE Marr Dodon complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Marr Dodon 417 11947 PT Pits, gravel 1097 55 43 30 45 50 20 35 20 SnE Pits, gravel Sassafras Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Sassafras SOE Sassafras and Croom soils, 15 to 25 percent slopes Sassafras Croom SOF Sassafras and Croom soils, 25 to 40 percent slopes UdbE Sassafras Croom Udorthents, loamy, 15 to 25 percent slopes Udorthents UdgE Udorthents, reclaimed gravel pits, 15 to 25 percent slopes UdrF Udorthents Udorthents, refuse substratum, 0 to 50 percent slopes Udorthents WDF Westphalia and Dodon soils, 25 to 40 percent slopes Westphalia Dodon 281 1238 610 114 747 1198 6272 100 40 55 20 40 20 35 20 40 35 35 35 100 20 100 20 100 25 45 35 40 35 The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer." Page 4 of 5

Mapunit Sym Mapunit Name/Component Name(s) Total Acres Comp % RV Slope % RV WDG Westphalia and Dodon soils, 40 to 80 percent slopes Westphalia Dodon 1128 45 60 40 60 The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer." Page 5 of 5

MARYLAND COMAR HIGHLY ERODIBLE SOILS PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY, MARYLAND SLOPES GREATER THAN 5 PERCENT WITH A K FACTOR GREATER THAN 0.35 NOTES: Table is based on data from NRCS SSURGO data (7/31/2009) exported from the Soil Data Mart. This table lists soils meeting the Maryland COMAR and local SCD definition of Highly Erodible Soils (HES). Percent Compostion is only given for major components, not minor components. Slope percentage is representative value (mid range). K Factor is from surface layer. Highly Erodible Soils (HES) Criteria element: K Factor=K Factor > 0.35 and slopes > 5% Mapunit Sym Mapunit Name/Component Name(s) Total Acres Comp % RV Slope % RV K Factor AdC Adelphia Holmdel complex, 5 to 10 percent slopes Adelphia 519 BaC Beltsville silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes 3302 Beltsville CaC Chillum silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes 82 Chillum CaD Chillum silt loam, 10 to 15 percent slopes 63 55 8.37 70 7.37 75 8.37 Chillum CbD Chillum Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Chillum CbE Chillum Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Chillum CcC Christiana Downer complex, 5 to 10 percent slopes Christiana CcD Christiana Downer complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes Christiana CcE Christiana Downer complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Christiana CcF Christiana Downer complex, 25 to 40 percent slopes Christiana 222 62 4543 1715 851 220 75 14.37 50 10.37 50 20.37 45 8.49 50 12.49 45 20.49 45 35.49 The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer." Page 1 of 3

Mapunit Sym Mapunit Name/Component Name(s) Total Acres Comp % RV Slope % RV K Factor CdD Christiana Downer Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes CdE Christiana Christiana Downer Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Christiana GfB Glenelg Wheaton Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes Wheaton GfC Glenelg Wheaton Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes GwD HwC HZD HZE HZF Wheaton Grosstown Woodstown Beltsville complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Beltsville Howell Dodon complex, 5 to 10 percent slopes Dodon Howell and Dodon soils, 10 to 15 percent slopes Dodon Howell and Dodon soils, 15 to 25 percent slopes Dodon Howell and Dodon soils, 25 to 40 percent slopes Dodon LxD Liverpool Piccowaxen complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes MnD Liverpool Marr Dodon complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes Dodon UrcD Urban land Christiana Downer complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Christiana WDF Westphalia and Dodon soils, 25 to 40 percent slopes 6980 523 336 5 311 23 74 94 40 296 10473 3655 6272 30 10.49 35 20.49 30 5.43 30 11.43 20 10.37 40 8.37 40 13.37 30 20.37 30 30.37 45 10.37 40 13.37 15 8.49 The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer." Page 2 of 3

Mapunit Sym Mapunit Name/Component Name(s) Total Acres Comp % RV Slope % RV K Factor Dodon WDG Westphalia and Dodon soils, 40 to 80 percent slopes Dodon 1128 40 35.37 40 60.37 The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer." Page 3 of 3

Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app? agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://soils.usda.gov/contact/ state_offices/). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web Soil Survey. The Soil Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means 2

for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3

Contents Preface...2 How Soil Surveys Are Made...5 Soil Map...7 Soil Map...8 Legend...9 Map Unit Legend...10 Map Unit Descriptions...10 Montgomery County, Maryland...13 1B Gaila silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes...13 1C Gaila silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes...13 2B Glenelg silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes...14 2C Glenelg silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes...15 2UB Glenelg-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes...16 2UC Glenelg-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes...17 5A Glenville silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes...17 5B Glenville silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes...18 6A Baile silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes...19 7UB Gaila-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes...20 7UC Gaila-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes...21 16D Brinklow-Blocktown channery silt loams, 15 to 25 percent slopes...21 17C Occoquan loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes...23 53A Codorus silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded...24 65B Wheaton silt loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes...25 67UB Urban land-wheaton complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes...25 116D Blocktown channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very rocky...26 116E Blocktown channery silt loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes, very rocky...27 400 Urban land...28 W Census water...28 References...29 4

How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the 5

individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soillandscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. 6

Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 7

MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Custom Soil Resource Report Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Special Point Features Blowout Borrow Pit Clay Spot Closed Depression Gravel Pit Gravelly Spot Landfill Lava Flow Marsh or swamp Mine or Quarry Miscellaneous Water Perennial Water Rock Outcrop Saline Spot Sandy Spot Severely Eroded Spot Sinkhole Slide or Slip Sodic Spot Spoil Area Stony Spot Very Stony Spot Wet Spot Other Special Line Features Gully Short Steep Slope Other Political Features Cities Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:35,200 if printed on A size (8.5" 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:15,840. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 18N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Montgomery County, Maryland Survey Area Data: Version 7, Feb 2, 2007 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 6/21/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.

Map Unit Legend Montgomery County, Maryland (MD031) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 1B Gaila silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 12.3 0.4% 1C Gaila silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes 140.0 5.0% 2B Glenelg silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 214.2 7.6% 2C Glenelg silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes 141.8 5.0% 2UB Glenelg-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes 634.2 22.5% 2UC Glenelg-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes 759.3 27.0% 5A Glenville silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes 4.8 0.2% 5B Glenville silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 10.4 0.4% 6A Baile silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes 0.4 0.0% 7UB Gaila-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes 19.4 0.7% 7UC Gaila-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes 11.2 0.4% 16D Brinklow-Blocktown channery silt loams, 15 to 25 percent slopes 207.9 7.4% 17C Occoquan loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes 29.9 1.1% 53A Codorus silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded 124.0 4.4% 65B Wheaton silt loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes 17.2 0.6% 67UB 116D 116E Urban land-wheaton complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes Blocktown channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very rocky Blocktown channery silt loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes, very rocky 42.5 1.5% 0.2 0.0% 25.5 0.9% 400 Urban land 417.5 14.8% W Census water 0.4 0.0% Totals for Area of Interest 2,813.3 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability 10

of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and 11

relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha- Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. 12

Montgomery County, Maryland 1B Gaila silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 100 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 255 days Gaila and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Gaila Slope: 3 to 8 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.3 inches) Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 1C Gaila silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 100 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 255 days 13

Gaila and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Gaila Slope: 8 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.3 inches) Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 2B Glenelg silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 55 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 235 days Glenelg and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Glenelg Slope: 3 to 8 percent Drainage class: Well drained 14

Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.5 inches) Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 2C Glenelg silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 55 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 235 days Glenelg and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Glenelg Slope: 8 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.5 inches) Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 15

0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 2UB Glenelg-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 55 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 235 days Glenelg and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 45 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Glenelg Slope: 0 to 8 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.5 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 16

2UC Glenelg-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 55 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 235 days Glenelg and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 45 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Glenelg Slope: 8 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.5 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 5A Glenville silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 200 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches 17

Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 220 days Glenville and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Glenville Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 60 to 99 inches to Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 6 to 36 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.4 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2w Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 5B Glenville silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 200 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 220 days Glenville and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Glenville Slope: 3 to 8 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 60 to 99 inches to 18

Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 6 to 36 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.4 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 6A Baile silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 330 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 220 days Baile and similar soils: 100 percent Description of Baile Landform: Flats Slope: 0 to 3 percent Drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 6 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.7 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 5w 19

Hydrologic Soil Group: D 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam 7UB Gaila-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 100 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 255 days Gaila and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 45 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Gaila Slope: 0 to 8 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.3 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 20

7UC Gaila-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 100 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 255 days Gaila and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 45 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Gaila Slope: 8 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.3 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 16D Brinklow-Blocktown channery silt loams, 15 to 25 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 55 inches 21

Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 240 days Brinklow and similar soils: 50 percent Blocktown and similar soils: 30 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Brinklow Slope: 15 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low (0.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.5 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 10 inches: Channery silt loam Description of Blocktown Slope: 15 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to paralithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low (0.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 0.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 6 inches: Channery silt loam Minor Components Glenelg Percent of map unit: 10 percent Baile Landform: Flats Occoquan 22

17C Occoquan loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 55 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 235 days Occoquan and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Occoquan Slope: 8 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low (0.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.6 inches) Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Loam Minor Components Brinklow Percent of map unit: 10 percent Baile Landform: Flats Glenelg 23

53A Codorus silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Map Unit Elevation: 200 to 600 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 46 inches Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 200 days Codorus and similar soils: 90 percent Minor components: 10 percent Description of Codorus Slope: 0 to 3 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 12 to 24 inches Frequency of flooding: Occasional Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.9 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2w Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 11 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Hatboro Landform: Flats Unnamed soil Landform: Flats 24

65B Wheaton silt loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 330 to 1,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 45 inches Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 160 to 200 days Wheaton and similar soils: 100 percent Description of Wheaton Slope: 0 to 8 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.0 inches) Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 67UB Urban land-wheaton complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 200 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 220 days Urban land: 60 percent Wheaton: 25 percent Minor components: 15 percent 25

Description of Wheaton Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Glenville Percent of map unit: 10 percent Baile Landform: Flats 116D Blocktown channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very rocky Map Unit Elevation: 330 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 240 days Blocktown and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Blocktown Slope: 15 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to paralithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low (0.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 0.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 6 inches: Channery silt loam 26

Minor Components Brinklow Percent of map unit: 10 percent Baile Landform: Flats 116E Blocktown channery silt loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes, very rocky Map Unit Elevation: 330 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 240 days Blocktown and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Blocktown Slope: 25 to 45 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to paralithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low (0.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 0.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 7e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 6 inches: Channery silt loam Minor Components Brinklow Percent of map unit: 10 percent Baile Landform: Flats 27

400 Urban land Urban land: 100 percent W Census water Census water: 100 percent 28

References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 2006. Keys to soil taxonomy. 10th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://soils.usda.gov/ Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.glti.nrcs.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://soils.usda.gov/ 29

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. 30

Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app? agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://soils.usda.gov/contact/ state_offices/). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web Soil Survey. The Soil Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means 2

for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3

Contents Preface...2 How Soil Surveys Are Made...5 Soil Map...7 Soil Map...8 Legend...9 Map Unit Legend...10 Map Unit Descriptions...10 Montgomery County, Maryland...12 1B Gaila silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes...12 1C Gaila silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes...12 2B Glenelg silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes...13 2C Glenelg silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes...14 2UB Glenelg-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes...15 2UC Glenelg-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes...16 16D Brinklow-Blocktown channery silt loams, 15 to 25 percent slopes...16 65B Wheaton silt loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes...18 67UB Urban land-wheaton complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes...18 116E Blocktown channery silt loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes, very rocky...19 400 Urban land...20 References...21 4

How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the 5

individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soillandscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. 6

Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 7

MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Special Point Features Blowout Borrow Pit Clay Spot Closed Depression Gravel Pit Gravelly Spot Landfill Lava Flow Marsh or swamp Mine or Quarry Miscellaneous Water Perennial Water Rock Outcrop Saline Spot Sandy Spot Severely Eroded Spot Sinkhole Slide or Slip Sodic Spot Spoil Area Stony Spot Very Stony Spot Wet Spot Other Special Line Features Gully Short Steep Slope Other Political Features Cities Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Map Scale: 1:19,300 if printed on A size (8.5" 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:15,840. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 18N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Montgomery County, Maryland Survey Area Data: Version 7, Feb 2, 2007 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 6/21/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.

Map Unit Legend Montgomery County, Maryland (MD031) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 1B Gaila silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 15.0 2.0% 1C Gaila silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes 33.9 4.5% 2B Glenelg silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 61.2 8.1% 2C Glenelg silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes 59.5 7.9% 2UB 2UC Glenelg-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes Glenelg-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes 16D Brinklow-Blocktown channery silt loams, 15 to 25 percent slopes 95.8 12.7% 64.3 8.5% 27.9 3.7% 65B Wheaton silt loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes 3.0 0.4% 67UB Urban land-wheaton complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes 116E Blocktown channery silt loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes, very rocky 23.5 3.1% 2.6 0.3% 400 Urban land 368.3 48.8% Totals for Area of Interest 755.1 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally 10

are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha- Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. 11

Montgomery County, Maryland 1B Gaila silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 100 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 255 days Gaila and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Gaila Slope: 3 to 8 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.3 inches) Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 1C Gaila silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 100 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 255 days 12

Gaila and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Gaila Slope: 8 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.3 inches) Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 2B Glenelg silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 55 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 235 days Glenelg and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Glenelg Slope: 3 to 8 percent Drainage class: Well drained 13

Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.5 inches) Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 2C Glenelg silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 55 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 235 days Glenelg and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Glenelg Slope: 8 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.5 inches) Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 14

0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 2UB Glenelg-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 55 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 235 days Glenelg and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 45 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Glenelg Slope: 0 to 8 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.5 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 15

2UC Glenelg-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 55 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 235 days Glenelg and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 45 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Glenelg Slope: 8 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.5 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 16D Brinklow-Blocktown channery silt loams, 15 to 25 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 55 inches 16

Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 240 days Brinklow and similar soils: 50 percent Blocktown and similar soils: 30 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Brinklow Slope: 15 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low (0.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.5 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 10 inches: Channery silt loam Description of Blocktown Slope: 15 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to paralithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low (0.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 0.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 6 inches: Channery silt loam Minor Components Glenelg Percent of map unit: 10 percent Baile Landform: Flats Occoquan 17

65B Wheaton silt loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 330 to 1,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 45 inches Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 160 to 200 days Wheaton and similar soils: 100 percent Description of Wheaton Slope: 0 to 8 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.0 inches) Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 67UB Urban land-wheaton complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 200 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 220 days Urban land: 60 percent Wheaton: 25 percent Minor components: 15 percent 18

Description of Wheaton Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Glenville Percent of map unit: 10 percent Baile Landform: Flats 116E Blocktown channery silt loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes, very rocky Map Unit Elevation: 330 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 240 days Blocktown and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Blocktown Slope: 25 to 45 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to paralithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low (0.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 0.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 7e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 6 inches: Channery silt loam 19

Minor Components Brinklow Percent of map unit: 10 percent Baile Landform: Flats 400 Urban land Urban land: 100 percent 20

References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 2006. Keys to soil taxonomy. 10th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://soils.usda.gov/ Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.glti.nrcs.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://soils.usda.gov/ 21

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. 22

Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app? agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://soils.usda.gov/contact/ state_offices/). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web Soil Survey. The Soil Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means 2

for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3

Contents Preface...2 How Soil Surveys Are Made...6 Soil Map...8 Soil Map (Zones 3-6)...9 Legend...10 Map Unit Legend (Zones 3-6)...11 Map Unit Descriptions (Zones 3-6)...12 Montgomery County, Maryland...15 1B Gaila silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes...15 1C Gaila silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes...15 2B Glenelg silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes...16 2C Glenelg silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes...17 2UB Glenelg-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes...18 16D Brinklow-Blocktown channery silt loams, 15 to 25 percent slopes...19 53A Codorus silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded...20 54A Hatboro silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded...21 65B Wheaton silt loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes...22 400 Urban land...22 Prince George's County, Maryland...23 BuB Beltsville-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...23 BuD Beltsville-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes...24 CbB Chillum-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...25 CbD Chillum-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes...27 CcD Christiana-Downer complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes...28 CcE Christiana-Downer complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes...30 CcF Christiana-Downer complex, 25 to 40 percent slopes...32 CdD Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes...34 CdE Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes...36 CF Codorus and Hatboro soils, frequently flooded...38 Ch Codorus-Hatboro-Urban land complex, frequently flooded...39 DoD Downer-Hammonton complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes...41 EsA Elsinboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes...43 EuB Elsinboro-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...44 FbB Fallsington-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...45 GaC Gaila loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes...47 GfB Glenelg-Wheaton-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes...48 GfC Glenelg-Wheaton-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes...49 Iu Issue-Urban land complex, occasionally flooded...51 McD Manor loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes...52 MpB Matapeake silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes...53 RcB Russett-Christiana complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes...55 RuB Russett-Christiana-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...56 SnB Sassafras-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...58 SnD Sassafras-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes...60 4

Un Urban land...61 UrbB Urban land-beltsville complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...62 UrcD Urban land-christiana-downer complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes...63 UrrB Urban land-russett-christiana complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...65 UrwB Urban land-woodstown complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...66 W Water...68 WoB Woodstown sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes...68 WoC Woodstown sandy loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes...69 WuB Woodstown-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...71 ZS Zekiah and Issue soils, frequently flooded...72 Soil Information for All Uses...75 Soil Properties and Qualities...75 Soil Qualities and Features...75 Hydrologic Soil Group (Zones 3-6)...75 Hydrologic Soil Group (Zones 3-6)...81 References...87 5

How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the 6

individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soillandscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. 7

Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 8

MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Special Point Features Blowout Borrow Pit Clay Spot Closed Depression Gravel Pit Gravelly Spot Landfill Lava Flow Marsh or swamp Mine or Quarry Miscellaneous Water Perennial Water Rock Outcrop Saline Spot Sandy Spot Severely Eroded Spot Sinkhole Slide or Slip Sodic Spot Spoil Area Stony Spot Very Stony Spot Wet Spot Other Special Line Features Gully Short Steep Slope Other Political Features Cities Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Map Scale: 1:35,300 if printed on A size (8.5" 11") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at scales ranging from 1:12,000 to 1:15,840. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 18N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Montgomery County, Maryland Survey Area Data: Version 7, Feb 2, 2007 Soil Survey Area: Prince George's County, Maryland Survey Area Data: Version 8, Dec 16, 2009 Your area of interest (AOI) includes more than one soil survey area. These survey areas may have been mapped at different scales, with a different land use in mind, at different times, or at different levels of detail. This may result in map unit symbols, soil properties, and interpretations that do not completely agree across soil survey area boundaries. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 6/21/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.

Map Unit Legend (Zones 3-6) Montgomery County, Maryland (MD031) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 1B Gaila silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 5.2 0.3% 1C Gaila silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes 138.7 7.7% 2B Glenelg silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 271.4 15.0% 2C Glenelg silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes 109.8 6.1% 2UB Glenelg-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes 5.2 0.3% 16D Brinklow-Blocktown channery silt loams, 15 to 25 percent slopes 68.3 3.8% 53A 54A Codorus silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Hatboro silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded 21.5 1.2% 13.9 0.8% 65B Wheaton silt loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes 4.3 0.2% 400 Urban land 46.2 2.6% Subtotals for Soil Survey Area 684.4 37.9% Totals for Area of Interest 1,806.9 100.0% BuB BuD Prince George's County, Maryland (MD033) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Beltsville-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Beltsville-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes 34.2 1.9% 13.0 0.7% CbB Chillum-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes 89.4 4.9% CbD CcD CcE CcF Chillum-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Christiana-Downer complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes Christiana-Downer complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Christiana-Downer complex, 25 to 40 percent slopes CdD Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes CdE Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes 81.9 4.5% 11.9 0.7% 15.7 0.9% 11.4 0.6% 189.6 10.5% 6.4 0.4% CF Codorus and Hatboro soils, frequently flooded 59.1 3.3% Ch DoD Codorus-Hatboro-Urban land complex, frequently flooded Downer-Hammonton complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes 63.2 3.5% 1.8 0.1% EsA Elsinboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes 3.9 0.2% 11

EuB FbB Prince George's County, Maryland (MD033) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Elsinboro-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Fallsington-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes 13.7 0.8% 18.6 1.0% GaC Gaila loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes 10.5 0.6% GfB Glenelg-Wheaton-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes GfC Glenelg-Wheaton-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes 51.9 2.9% 13.5 0.7% Iu Issue-Urban land complex, occasionally flooded 3.3 0.2% McD Manor loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes 2.8 0.2% MpB Matapeake silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes 1.8 0.1% RcB Russett-Christiana complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes 4.5 0.2% RuB Russett-Christiana-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes SnB SnD Sassafras-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Sassafras-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes 44.6 2.5% 42.5 2.4% 28.8 1.6% Un Urban land 81.6 4.5% UrbB Urban land-beltsville complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes UrcD Urban land-christiana-downer complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes UrrB Urban land-russett-christiana complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes UrwB Urban land-woodstown complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes 1.2 0.1% 24.0 1.3% 49.7 2.8% 74.2 4.1% W Water 3.0 0.2% WoB Woodstown sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes 10.1 0.6% WoC Woodstown sandy loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes 2.7 0.1% WuB Woodstown-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes 54.5 3.0% ZS Zekiah and Issue soils, frequently flooded 3.4 0.2% Subtotals for Soil Survey Area 1,122.5 62.1% Totals for Area of Interest 1,806.9 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions (Zones 3-6) The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. 12

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. 13

An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha- Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. 14

Montgomery County, Maryland 1B Gaila silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 100 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 255 days Gaila and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Gaila Slope: 3 to 8 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.3 inches) Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 1C Gaila silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 100 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 255 days 15

Gaila and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Gaila Slope: 8 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.3 inches) Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 2B Glenelg silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 55 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 235 days Glenelg and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Glenelg Slope: 3 to 8 percent Drainage class: Well drained 16

Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.5 inches) Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 2C Glenelg silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 55 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 235 days Glenelg and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Glenelg Slope: 8 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.5 inches) Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 17

0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 2UB Glenelg-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 55 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 235 days Glenelg and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 45 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Glenelg Slope: 0 to 8 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.5 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Baile Landform: Flats 18

16D Brinklow-Blocktown channery silt loams, 15 to 25 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 7 to 55 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 240 days Brinklow and similar soils: 50 percent Blocktown and similar soils: 30 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Brinklow Slope: 15 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low (0.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.5 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 10 inches: Channery silt loam Description of Blocktown Slope: 15 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to paralithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low (0.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 0.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 19

0 to 6 inches: Channery silt loam Minor Components Glenelg Percent of map unit: 10 percent Baile Landform: Flats Occoquan 53A Codorus silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Map Unit Elevation: 200 to 600 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 46 inches Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 200 days Codorus and similar soils: 90 percent Minor components: 10 percent Description of Codorus Slope: 0 to 3 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 12 to 24 inches Frequency of flooding: Occasional Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.9 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2w Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 11 inches: Silt loam 20

Minor Components Hatboro Landform: Flats Unnamed soil Landform: Flats 54A Hatboro silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded Map Unit Elevation: 200 to 600 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 46 inches Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 200 days Hatboro and similar soils: 100 percent Description of Hatboro Landform: Flood plains Slope: 0 to 3 percent Drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 6 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Available water capacity: Very low (about 2.1 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 3w Hydrologic Soil Group: D 0 to 11 inches: Silt loam 21

65B Wheaton silt loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 330 to 1,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 45 inches Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 160 to 200 days Wheaton and similar soils: 100 percent Description of Wheaton Slope: 0 to 8 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.0 inches) Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 400 Urban land Urban land: 100 percent 22

Prince George's County, Maryland BuB Beltsville-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 360 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Beltsville and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 40 percent Minor components: 10 percent Description of Beltsville Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Silty eolian deposits over loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 2 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to fragipan Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 3.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 3 inches: Silt loam 3 to 8 inches: Silt loam 8 to 20 inches: Silt loam 20 to 41 inches: Loam 41 to 65 inches: Sandy clay loam 65 to 71 inches: Very gravelly sandy clay loam 71 to 76 inches: Gravelly coarse sandy loam Description of Urban Land Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D 23

Minor Components Aquasco Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Lenni, undrained Landform: Depressions BuD Beltsville-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 400 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Beltsville and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 30 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Beltsville Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, convex Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Silty eolian deposits over loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 2 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to fragipan Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 3.8 inches) 24

Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 3 inches: Silt loam 3 to 8 inches: Silt loam 8 to 20 inches: Silt loam 20 to 41 inches: Loam 41 to 65 inches: Sandy clay loam 65 to 71 inches: Very gravelly sandy clay loam 71 to 76 inches: Gravelly coarse sandy loam Description of Urban Land Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Minor Components Grosstown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Fluviomarine terraces, broad interstream divides, stream terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Aquasco Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve CbB Chillum-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 20 to 370 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Chillum and similar soils: 40 percent Urban land: 40 percent Minor components: 20 percent 25

Description of Chillum Landform: Interfluves Parent material: Silty eolian deposits over gravelly fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.1 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 2 inches: Silt loam 2 to 9 inches: Gravelly loam 9 to 12 inches: Gravelly loam 12 to 24 inches: Clay loam 24 to 34 inches: Loamy sand 34 to 72 inches: Gravelly silty clay loam Description of Urban Land Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Minor Components Beltsville Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Interfluves Russett Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Interfluves, swales 26

CbD Chillum-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 370 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Chillum and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 30 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Chillum Landform: Interfluves Parent material: Silty eolian deposits over gravelly fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.1 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 2 inches: Silt loam 2 to 9 inches: Gravelly loam 9 to 12 inches: Gravelly loam 12 to 24 inches: Clay loam 24 to 34 inches: Loamy sand 34 to 72 inches: Gravelly silty clay loam Description of Urban Land Slope: 5 to 15 percent 27

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Minor Components Russett Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Broad interstream divides, drainhead complexes, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, footslope Beltsville Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, convex Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Croom Landform: Hillslopes, knolls Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, convex, convex CcD Christiana-Downer complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Christiana and similar soils: 50 percent Downer and similar soils: 35 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope 28

Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 10 to 15 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Description of Downer Landform: Interfluves, knolls Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder, convex, convex Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 10 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand 29

Minor Components Galestown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslope Fallsington Landform: Depressions, drainageways, drainhead complexes, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope CcE Christiana-Downer complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Christiana and similar soils: 45 percent Downer and similar soils: 35 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 15 to 25 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 6e 30

Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Description of Downer Landform: Interfluves, knolls Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder, convex, convex Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 15 to 25 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand Minor Components Galestown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Fluviomarine terraces, knolls, dunes, convex, convex Issue Landform: Flood plains Fallsington Landform: Depressions, swales, drainageways Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave, linear 31

CcF Christiana-Downer complex, 25 to 40 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Christiana and similar soils: 45 percent Downer and similar soils: 35 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 25 to 40 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 7e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam 32

Description of Downer Landform: Interfluves, knolls Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder, convex, convex Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 25 to 40 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 7e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand Minor Components Galestown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Dunes, fluviomarine terraces, knolls Down-slope shape: Convex, linear, convex Fallsington Landform: Depressions, drainageways, swales Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave, linear Issue Landform: Flood plains 33

CdD Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Christiana and similar soils: 30 percent Downer and similar soils: 25 percent Urban land: 20 percent Minor components: 25 percent Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam 34

Description of Downer Landform: Interfluves, knolls Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, convex, convex Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand Description of Urban Land Parent material: Human transported material Slope: 5 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Minor Components Udorthents Issue Galestown Sassafras Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves 35

Across-slope shape: Convex Croom Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves CdE Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days Christiana and similar soils: 35 percent Downer and similar soils: 30 percent Urban land: 20 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 15 to 25 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 36

10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Description of Downer Landform: Interfluves, knolls Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder, convex, convex Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 15 to 25 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand Description of Urban Land Slope: 5 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Minor Components Udorthents Fallsington Landform: Swales, drainageways, depressions, concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hambrook 37

CF Codorus and Hatboro soils, frequently flooded Map Unit Elevation: 200 to 600 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Codorus and similar soils: 40 percent Hatboro and similar soils: 40 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Hatboro Landform: Channels on flood plains Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Mica bearing loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 10 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: Frequent Available water capacity: Very high (about 12.2 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 5w Hydrologic Soil Group: D 0 to 2 inches: Slightly decomposed plant material 2 to 8 inches: Silt loam 8 to 18 inches: Silt loam 18 to 66 inches: Loam Description of Codorus Landform: Flood plains 38

Parent material: Mica bearing loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Available water capacity: High (about 11.4 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4w Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 1 inches: Silt loam 1 to 57 inches: Loam 57 to 63 inches: Loam Minor Components Coarse-loamy fluvaquentic dystrudepts Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Flood plains Comus Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Natural levees on flood plains Ch Codorus-Hatboro-Urban land complex, frequently flooded Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 600 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Urban land: 30 percent Hatboro and similar soils: 30 percent Codorus and similar soils: 30 percent 39

Minor components: 10 percent Description of Codorus Landform: Flood plains Parent material: Mica bearing loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Available water capacity: High (about 11.4 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4w Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 1 inches: Silt loam 1 to 57 inches: Loam 57 to 63 inches: Loam Description of Hatboro Landform: Channels on flood plains Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Mica bearing loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 10 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: Frequent Available water capacity: Very high (about 12.2 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 5w Hydrologic Soil Group: D 0 to 2 inches: Slightly decomposed plant material 2 to 8 inches: Silt loam 40

8 to 18 inches: Silt loam 18 to 66 inches: Loam Description of Urban Land Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Minor Components Udorthents, loamy Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Interfluves DoD Downer-Hammonton complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 120 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Downer and similar soils: 50 percent Hammonton and similar soils: 25 percent Minor components: 25 percent Description of Downer Landform: Knolls, interfluves, broad interstream divides Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 10 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches 41

Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand Description of Hammonton Landform: Depressions, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 10 to 15 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 25 inches: Sandy loam 25 to 66 inches: Stratified coarse sand to loamy coarse sand to loamy sand Minor Components Galestown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Sassafras Landform: Interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Russett Landform: Interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope 42

Christiana Landform: Interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope EsA Elsinboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 160 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Elsinboro and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Elsinboro Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.5 inches) Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 1 Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 6 inches: Sandy loam 6 to 24 inches: Sandy clay loam 24 to 64 inches: Loamy sand Minor Components Woodstown 43

Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave EuB Elsinboro-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 160 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Elsinboro and similar soils: 65 percent Urban land: 30 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Elsinboro Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: Very rare Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.5 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 6 inches: Sandy loam 6 to 24 inches: Sandy clay loam 24 to 64 inches: Loamy sand 44

Description of Urban Land Parent material: Human transported material Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Minor Components Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave FbB Fallsington-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 1,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 220 days Fallsington and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 30 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Fallsington Landform: Swales, drainageways, depressions, concave Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Poorly drained 45

Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 10 inches Frequency of ponding: Occasional Available water capacity: Moderate (about 7.5 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4w Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D 0 to 6 inches: Sandy loam 6 to 37 inches: Sandy clay loam 37 to 41 inches: Gravelly loamy sand 41 to 58 inches: Gravelly coarse sand 58 to 72 inches: Stratified sandy loam to clay loam Description of Urban Land Slope: 0 to 2 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Minor Components Woodstown Landform: Interfluves, drainhead complexes Corsica Landform: Depressions Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hambrook Landform: Drainhead complexes, interfluves Comus Landform: Flood plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope 46

GaC Gaila loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 250 to 1,050 feet Mean annual precipitation: 39 to 42 inches Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 155 to 220 days Gaila and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Gaila Landform: Hillslopes, ridges Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, interfluve, nose slope Down-slope shape: Convex, convex Parent material: Residuum weathered from quartz muscovite schist and gnesis Slope: 8 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 60 to 118 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 7.8 inches) Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 8 inches: Loam 8 to 17 inches: Loam 17 to 20 inches: Loam 20 to 80 inches: Fine sandy loam Minor Components Manor Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Hills 47

Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Glenelg Down-slope shape: Convex GfB Glenelg-Wheaton-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 1,050 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 55 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 110 to 235 days Glenelg and similar soils: 45 percent Wheaton and similar soils: 30 percent Urban land: 25 percent Description of Glenelg Landform: Hillslopes Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, interfluve Down-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Loamy residuum weathered from schist and phyllite Slope: 0 to 8 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 60 to 118 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: High (about 10.7 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 10 inches: Loam 10 to 30 inches: Clay loam 30 to 54 inches: Loam 48

54 to 80 inches: Very channery sandy loam Description of Wheaton Landform: Flats, hillslopes Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope Down-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Loamy residuum weathered from phyllite Slope: 0 to 8 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 60 to 118 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: High (about 10.6 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 6 inches: Channery silt loam 6 to 80 inches: Loam Description of Urban Land Landform: Flats Parent material: Human transported material Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D GfC Glenelg-Wheaton-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 1,050 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 55 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 61 degrees F 49

Frost-free period: 110 to 235 days Glenelg and similar soils: 45 percent Wheaton and similar soils: 30 percent Urban land: 25 percent Description of Glenelg Landform: Hillslopes Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, interfluve Down-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Loamy residuum weathered from schist and phyllite Slope: 8 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 60 to 118 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: High (about 10.7 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 10 inches: Loam 10 to 30 inches: Clay loam 30 to 54 inches: Loam 54 to 80 inches: Very channery sandy loam Description of Wheaton Landform: Flats, hillslopes Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope Down-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Loamy residuum weathered from phyllite Slope: 8 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 60 to 118 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches 50

Available water capacity: High (about 10.6 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 6 inches: Channery silt loam 6 to 80 inches: Loam Description of Urban Land Landform: Flats Parent material: Human transported material Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Iu Issue-Urban land complex, occasionally flooded Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 250 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days Issue and similar soils: 60 percent Urban land: 30 percent Minor components: 10 percent Description of Issue Landform: Flood plains, drainageways Parent material: Loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained 51

Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 10 to 20 inches Frequency of flooding: Occasional Available water capacity: High (about 9.9 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4w Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 4 inches: Silt loam 4 to 19 inches: Loam 19 to 30 inches: Fine sandy loam 30 to 58 inches: Fine sandy loam 58 to 70 inches: Silt loam Description of Urban Land Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Minor Components Potobac Landform: Flood plains Fallsington Landform: Swales, drainageways, depressions, concave Across-slope shape: Concave McD Manor loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 250 to 1,050 feet Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 150 to 220 days Manor and similar soils: 90 percent 52

Minor components: 10 percent Description of Manor Landform: Hillslopes, ridges Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, nose slope, interfluve Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Loamy residuum weathered from phyllite and schist Slope: 15 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 72 to 118 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 6 inches: Loam 6 to 22 inches: Sandy loam 22 to 80 inches: Channery loamy sand Minor Components Blocktown Percent of map unit: 10 percent MpB Matapeake silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 230 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Matapeake and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent 53

Description of Matapeake Landform: Interfluves, fluviomarine terraces, broad interstream divides Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Parent material: Silty eolian deposits over fluviomarine deposits Slope: 2 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: High (about 11.6 inches) Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 12 inches: Silt loam 12 to 54 inches: Silt loam 54 to 72 inches: Sandy loam Minor Components Collington Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Broad interstream divides, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Liverpool Landform: Terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread 54

RcB Russett-Christiana complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days Russett and similar soils: 40 percent Christiana and similar soils: 35 percent Minor components: 25 percent Description of Russett Landform: Broad interstream divides, interfluves, drainhead complexes, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summit Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 2 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: High (about 9.7 inches) Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 4 inches: Fine sandy loam 4 to 7 inches: Loam 7 to 13 inches: Loam 13 to 46 inches: Clay loam 46 to 57 inches: Sandy clay loam 57 to 77 inches: Silty clay loam Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes 55

Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 2 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Minor Components Hambrook Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Flats, fluviomarine terraces, knolls, depressions Fallsington Landform: Depressions, drainageways, drainhead complexes, swales Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave Hammonton Sassafras RuB Russett-Christiana-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet 56

Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Russett and similar soils: 30 percent Urban land: 30 percent Christiana and similar soils: 30 percent Minor components: 10 percent Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Description of Urban Land Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Description of Russett Landform: Broad interstream divides, interfluves, drainhead complexes, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summit 57

Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: High (about 9.7 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 4 inches: Fine sandy loam 4 to 7 inches: Loam 7 to 13 inches: Loam 13 to 46 inches: Clay loam 46 to 57 inches: Sandy clay loam 57 to 77 inches: Silty clay loam Minor Components Udorthents Hammonton Landform: Depressions, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave, linear SnB Sassafras-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 330 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days Sassafras and similar soils: 45 percent Urban land: 35 percent 58

Minor components: 20 percent Description of Sassafras Landform: Knolls, fluviomarine terraces, broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 7.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability classification (irrigated): 1 Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 9 inches: Sandy loam 9 to 15 inches: Sandy loam 15 to 30 inches: Loam 30 to 37 inches: Sandy loam 37 to 80 inches: Loamy sand Description of Urban Land Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Minor Components Matapeake Landform: Broad interstream divides, fluviomarine terraces, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Hambrook Landform: Broad interstream divides, fluviomarine terraces, interfluves, drainhead complexes, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread 59

Phalanx Landform: Divides Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave SnD Sassafras-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 330 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days Sassafras and similar soils: 55 percent Urban land: 30 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Sassafras Landform: Knolls, fluviomarine terraces, ravines, interfluves Landform position (three-dimensional): Riser Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: High (about 9.5 inches) 60

Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 3 inches: Fine sandy loam 3 to 18 inches: Fine sandy loam 18 to 50 inches: Sandy clay loam 50 to 72 inches: Stratified fine sandy loam to loam to silt loam to sandy clay loam Description of Urban Land Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Minor Components Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave Sassafras Landform: Broad interstream divides, fluviomarine terraces, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Phalanx Landform: Divides Un Urban land Map Unit Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days 61

Urban land: 100 percent Description of Urban Land Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D UrbB Urban land-beltsville complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 20 to 360 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Urban land: 80 percent Beltsville and similar soils: 15 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Urban Land Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Description of Beltsville Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope Down-slope shape: Convex, linear, convex Parent material: Silty eolian deposits over loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to fragipan Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 3.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland 62

Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 3 inches: Silt loam 3 to 8 inches: Silt loam 8 to 20 inches: Silt loam 20 to 41 inches: Loam 41 to 65 inches: Sandy clay loam 65 to 71 inches: Very gravelly sandy clay loam 71 to 76 inches: Gravelly coarse sandy loam Minor Components Aquasco Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve UrcD Urban land-christiana-downer complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Urban land: 75 percent Christiana and similar soils: 15 percent Downer and similar soils: 10 percent Description of Urban Land Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits 63

Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Description of Downer Landform: Interfluves, knolls Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder, convex, convex Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand 64

UrrB Urban land-russett-christiana complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Urban land: 80 percent Russett and similar soils: 10 percent Christiana and similar soils: 10 percent Description of Urban Land Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 65

0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Description of Russett Landform: Broad interstream divides, interfluves, drainhead complexes, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summit Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: High (about 9.7 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 4 inches: Fine sandy loam 4 to 7 inches: Loam 7 to 13 inches: Loam 13 to 46 inches: Clay loam 46 to 57 inches: Sandy clay loam 57 to 77 inches: Silty clay loam UrwB Urban land-woodstown complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 120 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days 66

Urban land: 80 percent Woodstown and similar soils: 20 percent Description of Urban Land Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Description of Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.9 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 8 inches: Sandy loam 8 to 28 inches: Loam 28 to 42 inches: Fine sandy loam 42 to 60 inches: Sandy loam 60 to 72 inches: Loamy sand 67

W Water Water: 100 percent WoB Woodstown sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 120 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Woodstown and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Description of Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 2 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.9 inches) Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 2w Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 8 inches: Sandy loam 8 to 28 inches: Loam 28 to 42 inches: Fine sandy loam 68

42 to 60 inches: Sandy loam 60 to 72 inches: Loamy sand Minor Components Hammonton Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Broad interstream divides, depressions, drainhead complexes, fluviomarine terraces, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave Hambrook Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Broad interstream divides, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Fallsington Landform: Depressions, drainageways, drainhead complexes, swales WoC Woodstown sandy loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 400 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 59 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 220 days Woodstown and similar soils: 65 percent Grosstown and similar soils: 20 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Woodstown Landform: Depressions, broad interstream divides, pediments, fluviomarine terraces, stream terraces, swales Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 10 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained 69

Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.9 inches) Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 8 inches: Sandy loam 8 to 28 inches: Loam 28 to 42 inches: Fine sandy loam 42 to 60 inches: Sandy loam 60 to 72 inches: Loamy sand Description of Grosstown Landform: Fluviomarine terraces, broad interstream divides, stream terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Loamy and gravelly fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 10 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.7 inches) Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B 0 to 4 inches: Gravelly silt loam 4 to 20 inches: Silt loam 20 to 26 inches: Gravelly loam 26 to 71 inches: Extremely gravelly silt loam 71 to 80 inches: Extremely gravelly coarse sand Minor Components Reybold Landform: Fluviomarine terraces, broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, tread 70

Piccowaxen Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Issue Landform: Flood plains WuB Woodstown-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 120 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Woodstown and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 35 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.9 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland 71

Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 8 inches: Sandy loam 8 to 28 inches: Loam 28 to 42 inches: Fine sandy loam 42 to 60 inches: Sandy loam 60 to 72 inches: Loamy sand Description of Urban Land Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Minor Components Hammonton Landform: Broad interstream divides, depressions, drainhead complexes, fluviomarine terraces, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave Hambrook Landform: Broad interstream divides, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Fallsington Landform: Depressions, drainageways, drainhead complexes, swales ZS Zekiah and Issue soils, frequently flooded Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 250 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Zekiah and similar soils: 40 percent Issue and similar soils: 40 percent Minor components: 20 percent 72

Description of Zekiah Landform: Flood plains, drainageways Parent material: Loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 10 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: Frequent Available water capacity: Very high (about 13.7 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 5w Hydrologic Soil Group: D 0 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 35 inches: Silt loam 35 to 60 inches: Mucky silt loam 60 to 72 inches: Sandy loam Description of Issue Landform: Flood plains, drainageways, drainhead complexes Parent material: Loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 10 to 20 inches Frequency of flooding: Occasional Available water capacity: High (about 9.9 inches) Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Land capability (nonirrigated): 5w Hydrologic Soil Group: C 0 to 4 inches: Silt loam 4 to 19 inches: Loam 73

19 to 30 inches: Fine sandy loam 30 to 58 inches: Fine sandy loam 58 to 70 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Widewater Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Drainageways, flood plains Longmarsh Landform: Channels on flood plains, backswamps on flood plains Fallsington Landform: Drainhead complexes, swales, drainageways 74

Soil Information for All Uses Soil Properties and Qualities The Soil Properties and Qualities section includes various soil properties and qualities displayed as thematic maps with a summary table for the soil map units in the selected area of interest. A single value or rating for each map unit is generated by aggregating the interpretive ratings of individual map unit components. This aggregation process is defined for each property or quality. Soil Qualities and Features Soil qualities are behavior and performance attributes that are not directly measured, but are inferred from observations of dynamic conditions and from soil properties. Example soil qualities include natural drainage, and frost action. Soil features are attributes that are not directly part of the soil. Example soil features include slope and depth to restrictive layer. These features can greatly impact the use and management of the soil. Hydrologic Soil Group (Zones 3-6) Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the soils are not protected by vegetation, are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from longduration storms. The soils in the United States are assigned to four groups (A, B, C, and D) and three dual classes (A/D, B/D, and C/D). The groups are defined as follows: Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission. Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission. 75

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water transmission. Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission. If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the second is for undrained areas. Only the soils that in their natural condition are in group D are assigned to dual classes. 76

Table Hydrologic Soil Group (Zones 3-6) Hydrologic Soil Group Summary by Map Unit Montgomery County, Maryland (MD031) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 1B Gaila silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes B 5.2 0.3% 1C Gaila silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes B 138.7 7.7% 2B Glenelg silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes B 271.4 15.0% 2C Glenelg silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes B 109.8 6.1% 2UB Glenelg-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes D 5.2 0.3% 16D 53A 54A Brinklow-Blocktown channery silt loams, 15 to 25 percent slopes Codorus silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Hatboro silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded B 68.3 3.8% C 21.5 1.2% D 13.9 0.8% 65B Wheaton silt loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes B 4.3 0.2% 400 Urban land D 46.2 2.6% Subtotals for Soil Survey Area 684.4 37.9% Totals for Area of Interest 1,806.9 100.0% Hydrologic Soil Group Summary by Map Unit Prince George's County, Maryland (MD033) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI BuB Beltsville-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes BuD Beltsville-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes CbB Chillum-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes CbD Chillum-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes CcD Christiana-Downer complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes CcE Christiana-Downer complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes CcF Christiana-Downer complex, 25 to 40 percent slopes CdD CdE CF Ch Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Codorus and Hatboro soils, frequently flooded Codorus-Hatboro-Urban land complex, frequently flooded DoD Downer-Hammonton complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes C 34.2 1.9% C 13.0 0.7% D 89.4 4.9% B 81.9 4.5% C 11.9 0.7% C 15.7 0.9% C 11.4 0.6% C 189.6 10.5% C 6.4 0.4% D 59.1 3.3% D 63.2 3.5% B 1.8 0.1% 79

Hydrologic Soil Group Summary by Map Unit Prince George's County, Maryland (MD033) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI EsA Elsinboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes EuB Elsinboro-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes FbB Fallsington-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes B 3.9 0.2% B 13.7 0.8% B/D 18.6 1.0% GaC Gaila loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes B 10.5 0.6% GfB Glenelg-Wheaton-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes GfC Glenelg-Wheaton-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes Iu Issue-Urban land complex, occasionally flooded B 51.9 2.9% B 13.5 0.7% C 3.3 0.2% McD Manor loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes B 2.8 0.2% MpB Matapeake silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes B 1.8 0.1% RcB Russett-Christiana complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes RuB Russett-Christiana-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes SnB Sassafras-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes SnD Sassafras-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes C 4.5 0.2% C 44.6 2.5% B 42.5 2.4% B 28.8 1.6% Un Urban land D 81.6 4.5% UrbB Urban land-beltsville complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes UrcD UrrB Urban land-christiana-downer complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Urban land-russett-christiana complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes UrwB Urban land-woodstown complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes D 1.2 0.1% D 24.0 1.3% D 49.7 2.8% D 74.2 4.1% W Water 3.0 0.2% WoB WoC Woodstown sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes Woodstown sandy loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes WuB Woodstown-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes C 10.1 0.6% C 2.7 0.1% C 54.5 3.0% ZS Zekiah and Issue soils, frequently flooded D 3.4 0.2% Subtotals for Soil Survey Area 1,122.5 62.1% Totals for Area of Interest 1,806.9 100.0% Rating Options Hydrologic Soil Group (Zones 3-6) Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition 80

Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Hydrologic Soil Group (Zones 3-6) Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the soils are not protected by vegetation, are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from longduration storms. The soils in the United States are assigned to four groups (A, B, C, and D) and three dual classes (A/D, B/D, and C/D). The groups are defined as follows: Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission. Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission. Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water transmission. Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission. If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the second is for undrained areas. Only the soils that in their natural condition are in group D are assigned to dual classes. 81

Table Hydrologic Soil Group (Zones 3-6) Hydrologic Soil Group Summary by Map Unit Montgomery County, Maryland (MD031) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 1B Gaila silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes B 5.2 0.3% 1C Gaila silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes B 138.7 7.7% 2B Glenelg silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes B 271.4 15.0% 2C Glenelg silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes B 109.8 6.1% 2UB Glenelg-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes D 5.2 0.3% 16D 53A 54A Brinklow-Blocktown channery silt loams, 15 to 25 percent slopes Codorus silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Hatboro silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded B 68.3 3.8% C 21.5 1.2% D 13.9 0.8% 65B Wheaton silt loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes B 4.3 0.2% 400 Urban land D 46.2 2.6% Subtotals for Soil Survey Area 684.4 37.9% Totals for Area of Interest 1,806.9 100.0% Hydrologic Soil Group Summary by Map Unit Prince George's County, Maryland (MD033) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI BuB Beltsville-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes BuD Beltsville-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes CbB Chillum-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes CbD Chillum-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes CcD Christiana-Downer complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes CcE Christiana-Downer complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes CcF Christiana-Downer complex, 25 to 40 percent slopes CdD CdE CF Ch Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Codorus and Hatboro soils, frequently flooded Codorus-Hatboro-Urban land complex, frequently flooded DoD Downer-Hammonton complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes C 34.2 1.9% C 13.0 0.7% D 89.4 4.9% B 81.9 4.5% C 11.9 0.7% C 15.7 0.9% C 11.4 0.6% C 189.6 10.5% C 6.4 0.4% D 59.1 3.3% D 63.2 3.5% B 1.8 0.1% 84

Hydrologic Soil Group Summary by Map Unit Prince George's County, Maryland (MD033) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI EsA Elsinboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes EuB Elsinboro-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes FbB Fallsington-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes B 3.9 0.2% B 13.7 0.8% B/D 18.6 1.0% GaC Gaila loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes B 10.5 0.6% GfB Glenelg-Wheaton-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes GfC Glenelg-Wheaton-Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes Iu Issue-Urban land complex, occasionally flooded B 51.9 2.9% B 13.5 0.7% C 3.3 0.2% McD Manor loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes B 2.8 0.2% MpB Matapeake silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes B 1.8 0.1% RcB Russett-Christiana complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes RuB Russett-Christiana-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes SnB Sassafras-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes SnD Sassafras-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes C 4.5 0.2% C 44.6 2.5% B 42.5 2.4% B 28.8 1.6% Un Urban land D 81.6 4.5% UrbB Urban land-beltsville complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes UrcD UrrB Urban land-christiana-downer complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Urban land-russett-christiana complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes UrwB Urban land-woodstown complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes D 1.2 0.1% D 24.0 1.3% D 49.7 2.8% D 74.2 4.1% W Water 3.0 0.2% WoB WoC Woodstown sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes Woodstown sandy loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes WuB Woodstown-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes C 10.1 0.6% C 2.7 0.1% C 54.5 3.0% ZS Zekiah and Issue soils, frequently flooded D 3.4 0.2% Subtotals for Soil Survey Area 1,122.5 62.1% Totals for Area of Interest 1,806.9 100.0% Rating Options Hydrologic Soil Group (Zones 3-6) Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition 85

Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher 86

References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 2006. Keys to soil taxonomy. 10th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://soils.usda.gov/ Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.glti.nrcs.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://soils.usda.gov/ 87

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. 88

Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app? agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://soils.usda.gov/contact/ state_offices/). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web Soil Survey. The Soil Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means 2

for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3

Contents Preface...2 How Soil Surveys Are Made...6 Soil Map...8 Soil Map...9 Legend...10 Map Unit Legend...11 Map Unit Descriptions...13 Prince George's County, Maryland...15 ApA Aquasco silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally ponded...15 AuB Aquasco-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...16 BaB Beltsville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes...17 BuB Beltsville-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...18 BuD Beltsville-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes...20 CcC Christiana-Downer complex, 5 to 10 percent slopes...21 CcD Christiana-Downer complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes...23 CcE Christiana-Downer complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes...24 CcF Christiana-Downer complex, 25 to 40 percent slopes...26 CdD Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes...28 CdE Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes...30 CF Codorus and Hatboro soils, frequently flooded...32 Ch Codorus-Hatboro-Urban land complex, frequently flooded...33 CzB Croom-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...35 CzD Croom-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes...36 DoB Downer-Hammonton complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes...38 DoC Downer-Hamonton complex, 5 to 10 percent slopes...39 DoD Downer-Hammonton complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes...41 DuB Downer-Hammonton-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...43 DuD Downer-Hammonton-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes...45 EsA Elsinboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes...47 EsB Elsinboro sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes...48 EuB Elsinboro-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...49 FbB Fallsington-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...50 GbD Galestown-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes...52 Is Issue silt loam, occasionally flooded...53 Iu Issue-Urban land complex, occasionally flooded...54 LY Longmarsh and Indiantown soils, frequently flooded...55 MpB Matapeake silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes...57 RcB Russett-Christiana complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes...58 RuB Russett-Christiana-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...60 SaB Sassafras sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes...61 SaC Sassafras sandy loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes...63 SnB Sassafras-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...64 SnD Sassafras-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes...65 4

SnE Sassafras-Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes...67 SOD Sassafras and Croom soils, 10 to 15 percent slopes...68 UdaF Udorthents, highway, 0 to 65 percent slopes...70 UdbB Udorthents, loamy, 0 to 5 percent slopes...71 UdbD Udorthents, loamy, 5 to 15 percent slopes...72 UdcB Udorthents, reclaimed clay pits, 0 to 5 percent slopes...73 UduB Udorthents-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...74 Un Urban land...75 UrbB Urban land-beltsville complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...75 UrcD Urban land-christiana-downer complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes...76 UreB Urban land-elsinboro complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...78 UrkB Urban land-issue complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes, occasionally flooded...79 UrrB Urban land-russett-christiana complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...80 UrsB Urban land-sassafras complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...81 UrwB Urban land-woodstown complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...82 UrzA Urban land-zekiah complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded...83 W Water...85 WoA Woodstown sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes...85 WoB Woodstown sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes...86 WuB Woodstown-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes...87 Zn Zekiah-Urban land complex, frequently flooded...89 ZS Zekiah and Issue soils, frequently flooded...90 Soil Information for All Uses...92 Soil Properties and Qualities...92 Soil Qualities and Features...92 Hydrologic Soil Group (Purple Line: Zone 7, 8, and 9)...92 References...99 5

How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the 6

individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soillandscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. 7

Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 8

MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Units Special Point Features Blowout Borrow Pit Clay Spot Closed Depression Gravel Pit Gravelly Spot Landfill Lava Flow Marsh or swamp Mine or Quarry Miscellaneous Water Perennial Water Rock Outcrop Saline Spot Sandy Spot Severely Eroded Spot Sinkhole Slide or Slip Sodic Spot Spoil Area Stony Spot Very Stony Spot Wet Spot Other Special Line Features Gully Short Steep Slope Other Political Features Cities Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Map Scale: 1:37,900 if printed on B size (11" 17") sheet. The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:12,000. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 18N NAD83 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Prince George's County, Maryland Survey Area Data: Version 8, Dec 16, 2009 Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 6/21/2005 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.

Map Unit Legend ApA AuB Prince George's County, Maryland (MD033) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Aquasco silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally ponded Aquasco-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes 7.6 0.2% 20.5 0.5% BaB Beltsville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes 4.4 0.1% BuB BuD CcC CcD CcE CcF Beltsville-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Beltsville-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Christiana-Downer complex, 5 to 10 percent slopes Christiana-Downer complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes Christiana-Downer complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Christiana-Downer complex, 25 to 40 percent slopes CdD Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes CdE Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes 232.3 5.6% 4.9 0.1% 69.3 1.7% 101.8 2.5% 167.3 4.0% 20.2 0.5% 759.2 18.4% 32.0 0.8% CF Codorus and Hatboro soils, frequently flooded 336.4 8.1% Ch Codorus-Hatboro-Urban land complex, frequently flooded 398.2 9.6% CzB Croom-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes 0.8 0.0% CzD DoB DoC DoD Croom-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Downer-Hammonton complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes Downer-Hamonton complex, 5 to 10 percent slopes Downer-Hammonton complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes DuB Downer-Hammonton-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes DuD Downer-Hammonton-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes 2.7 0.1% 0.7 0.0% 2.3 0.1% 5.4 0.1% 2.9 0.1% 13.2 0.3% EsA Elsinboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes 28.4 0.7% EsB Elsinboro sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes 16.7 0.4% EuB FbB Elsinboro-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Fallsington-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes 77.6 1.9% 28.0 0.7% 11

GbD Prince George's County, Maryland (MD033) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI Galestown-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes 24.5 0.6% Is Issue silt loam, occasionally flooded 4.0 0.1% Iu Issue-Urban land complex, occasionally flooded 142.3 3.4% LY Longmarsh and Indiantown soils, frequently flooded 6.3 0.2% MpB Matapeake silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes 4.9 0.1% RcB Russett-Christiana complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes 24.5 0.6% RuB Russett-Christiana-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes 289.9 7.0% SaB Sassafras sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes 0.7 0.0% SaC Sassafras sandy loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes 3.5 0.1% SnB SnD SnE SOD Sassafras-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Sassafras-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Sassafras-Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Sassafras and Croom soils, 10 to 15 percent slopes 91.9 2.2% 52.5 1.3% 4.7 0.1% 3.6 0.1% UdaF Udorthents, highway, 0 to 65 percent slopes 172.3 4.2% UdbB Udorthents, loamy, 0 to 5 percent slopes 3.7 0.1% UdbD Udorthents, loamy, 5 to 15 percent slopes 8.3 0.2% UdcB UduB Udorthents, reclaimed clay pits, 0 to 5 percent slopes Udorthents-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes 1.8 0.0% 11.4 0.3% Un Urban land 153.4 3.7% UrbB Urban land-beltsville complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes UrcD Urban land-christiana-downer complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes UreB UrkB Urban land-elsinboro complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Urban land-issue complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes, occasionally flooded UrrB Urban land-russett-christiana complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes UrsB UrwB UrzA Urban land-sassafras complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Urban land-woodstown complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Urban land-zekiah complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded 16.6 0.4% 138.2 3.3% 20.1 0.5% 44.8 1.1% 181.8 4.4% 30.1 0.7% 99.9 2.4% 23.3 0.6% W Water 27.3 0.7% WoA Woodstown sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes 6.1 0.1% 12

Prince George's County, Maryland (MD033) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI WoB Woodstown sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes 25.8 0.6% WuB Woodstown-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes 33.0 0.8% Zn Zekiah-Urban land complex, frequently flooded 41.4 1.0% ZS Zekiah and Issue soils, frequently flooded 110.5 2.7% Totals for Area of Interest 4,135.7 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. 13

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha- Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. 14

Prince George's County, Maryland ApA Aquasco silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally ponded Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 360 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Aquasco and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Aquasco Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Parent material: Silty eolian deposits over loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 2 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 8 to 40 inches to fragipan Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.01 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 10 to 16 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 4.0 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 3w 0 to 4 inches: Silt loam 4 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 20 inches: Silty clay loam 20 to 44 inches: Loam 44 to 80 inches: Clay loam Minor Components Beltsville Percent of map unit: 15 percent Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Down-slope shape: Convex, linear, convex Woodstown 15

Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave AuB Aquasco-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 20 to 360 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Aquasco and similar soils: 65 percent Urban land: 30 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Aquasco Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Parent material: Silty eolian deposits over loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 8 to 40 inches to fragipan Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.01 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 10 to 16 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 4.0 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 3w 0 to 4 inches: Silt loam 4 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 20 inches: Silty clay loam 20 to 44 inches: Loam 44 to 80 inches: Clay loam 16

Description of Urban Land Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Depth to water table: About 18 to 48 inches Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Beltsville Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, interfluve Down-slope shape: Convex, linear, convex BaB Beltsville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 400 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Beltsville and similar soils: 70 percent Minor components: 30 percent Description of Beltsville Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Silty eolian deposits over loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 2 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to fragipan Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches 17

Available water capacity: Low (about 3.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 3 inches: Silt loam 3 to 8 inches: Silt loam 8 to 20 inches: Silt loam 20 to 41 inches: Loam 41 to 65 inches: Sandy clay loam 65 to 71 inches: Very gravelly sandy clay loam 71 to 76 inches: Gravelly coarse sandy loam Minor Components Aquasco Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Reybold Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Lenni, undrained Landform: Depressions Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Grosstown Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve BuB Beltsville-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 360 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days 18

Beltsville and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 40 percent Minor components: 10 percent Description of Beltsville Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Silty eolian deposits over loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 2 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to fragipan Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 3.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 3 inches: Silt loam 3 to 8 inches: Silt loam 8 to 20 inches: Silt loam 20 to 41 inches: Loam 41 to 65 inches: Sandy clay loam 65 to 71 inches: Very gravelly sandy clay loam 71 to 76 inches: Gravelly coarse sandy loam Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Aquasco Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Lenni, undrained Landform: Depressions 19

BuD Beltsville-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 400 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Beltsville and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 30 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Beltsville Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, convex Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Silty eolian deposits over loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 2 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to fragipan Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 3.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 3 inches: Silt loam 3 to 8 inches: Silt loam 8 to 20 inches: Silt loam 20 to 41 inches: Loam 41 to 65 inches: Sandy clay loam 65 to 71 inches: Very gravelly sandy clay loam 71 to 76 inches: Gravelly coarse sandy loam Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 20

Minor Components Grosstown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Fluviomarine terraces, broad interstream divides, stream terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Aquasco Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve CcC Christiana-Downer complex, 5 to 10 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Christiana and similar soils: 45 percent Downer and similar soils: 30 percent Minor components: 25 percent Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 10 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) 21

Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Description of Downer Landform: Interfluves, knolls Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder, convex, convex Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 10 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand Minor Components Beltsville Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Flats Galestown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Flats, dunes, terraces, knolls Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Fallsington Landform: Depressions, drainageways, drainhead complexes, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave, linear 22

CcD Christiana-Downer complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Christiana and similar soils: 50 percent Downer and similar soils: 35 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 10 to 15 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Description of Downer Landform: Interfluves, knolls Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder 23

, convex, convex Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 10 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand Minor Components Galestown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslope Fallsington Landform: Depressions, drainageways, drainhead complexes, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope CcE Christiana-Downer complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Christiana and similar soils: 45 percent Downer and similar soils: 35 percent Minor components: 20 percent 24

Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 15 to 25 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 6e 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Description of Downer Landform: Interfluves, knolls Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder, convex, convex Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 15 to 25 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 6e 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 25

38 to 72 inches: Sand Minor Components Galestown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Fluviomarine terraces, knolls, dunes, convex, convex Issue Landform: Flood plains Fallsington Landform: Depressions, swales, drainageways Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave, linear CcF Christiana-Downer complex, 25 to 40 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Christiana and similar soils: 45 percent Downer and similar soils: 35 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 25 to 40 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) 26

Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 7e 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Description of Downer Landform: Interfluves, knolls Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder, convex, convex Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 25 to 40 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 7e 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand Minor Components Galestown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Dunes, fluviomarine terraces, knolls Down-slope shape: Convex, linear, convex Fallsington Landform: Depressions, drainageways, swales Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave, linear 27

Issue Landform: Flood plains CdD Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Christiana and similar soils: 30 percent Downer and similar soils: 25 percent Urban land: 20 percent Minor components: 25 percent Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 28

49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Description of Downer Landform: Interfluves, knolls Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, convex, convex Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand Description of Urban Land Parent material: Human transported material Slope: 5 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Udorthents Issue Galestown Sassafras Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves Across-slope shape: Convex 29

Croom Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves CdE Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days Christiana and similar soils: 35 percent Downer and similar soils: 30 percent Urban land: 20 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 15 to 25 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 6e 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam 30

Description of Downer Landform: Interfluves, knolls Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder, convex, convex Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 15 to 25 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 6e 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand Description of Urban Land Slope: 5 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Udorthents Fallsington Landform: Swales, drainageways, depressions, concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hambrook 31

CF Codorus and Hatboro soils, frequently flooded Map Unit Elevation: 200 to 600 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Codorus and similar soils: 40 percent Hatboro and similar soils: 40 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Hatboro Landform: Channels on flood plains Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Mica bearing loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 10 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: Frequent Available water capacity: Very high (about 12.2 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 5w 0 to 2 inches: Slightly decomposed plant material 2 to 8 inches: Silt loam 8 to 18 inches: Silt loam 18 to 66 inches: Loam Description of Codorus Landform: Flood plains Parent material: Mica bearing loamy alluvium 32

Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Available water capacity: High (about 11.4 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4w 0 to 1 inches: Silt loam 1 to 57 inches: Loam 57 to 63 inches: Loam Minor Components Coarse-loamy fluvaquentic dystrudepts Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Flood plains Comus Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Natural levees on flood plains Ch Codorus-Hatboro-Urban land complex, frequently flooded Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 600 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Urban land: 30 percent Hatboro and similar soils: 30 percent Codorus and similar soils: 30 percent Minor components: 10 percent 33

Description of Codorus Landform: Flood plains Parent material: Mica bearing loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Available water capacity: High (about 11.4 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4w 0 to 1 inches: Silt loam 1 to 57 inches: Loam 57 to 63 inches: Loam Description of Hatboro Landform: Channels on flood plains Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Mica bearing loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 10 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: Frequent Available water capacity: Very high (about 12.2 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 5w 0 to 2 inches: Slightly decomposed plant material 2 to 8 inches: Silt loam 8 to 18 inches: Silt loam 18 to 66 inches: Loam 34

Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Udorthents, loamy Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Interfluves CzB Croom-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 370 feet Mean annual precipitation: 30 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 59 degrees F Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days Croom and similar soils: 60 percent Urban land: 30 percent Minor components: 10 percent Description of Croom Landform: Ravines Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, nose slope, head slope Parent material: Gravelly fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 3.1 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 3s 35

0 to 1 inches: Gravelly sandy loam 1 to 9 inches: Gravelly sandy loam 9 to 13 inches: Very gravelly clay loam 13 to 30 inches: Extremely gravelly sandy clay loam 30 to 54 inches: Extremely gravelly sandy clay loam 54 to 66 inches: Extremely gravelly sandy clay loam 66 to 80 inches: Extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam Description of Urban Land Landform: Flats Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Downer Landform: Knolls, interfluves, broad interstream divides Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave CzD Croom-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 370 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Croom and similar soils: 70 percent Urban land: 20 percent Minor components: 10 percent 36

Description of Croom Landform: Ravines Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, nose slope, head slope Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Gravelly fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 3.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 6e 0 to 1 inches: Loam 1 to 9 inches: Loam 9 to 13 inches: Very gravelly clay loam 13 to 30 inches: Extremely gravelly sandy clay loam 30 to 54 inches: Extremely gravelly sandy clay loam 54 to 66 inches: Extremely gravelly sandy clay loam 66 to 80 inches: Extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Downer Landform: Knolls, interfluves, broad interstream divides Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave 37

DoB Downer-Hammonton complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 120 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Downer and similar soils: 55 percent Hammonton and similar soils: 25 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Downer Landform: Knolls, interfluves, broad interstream divides Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 2 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand Description of Hammonton Landform: Depressions, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits 38

Slope: 2 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 25 inches: Sandy loam 25 to 66 inches: Stratified coarse sand to loamy coarse sand to loamy sand Minor Components Phalanx Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Russett Landform: Interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Down-slope shape: Concave Patapsco Landform: Broad interstream divides, knolls DoC Downer-Hamonton complex, 5 to 10 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 120 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days 39

Downer and similar soils: 50 percent Hammonton and similar soils: 25 percent Minor components: 25 percent Description of Downer Landform: Knolls, interfluves, broad interstream divides Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 10 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand Description of Hammonton Landform: Depressions, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 10 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e 40

0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 25 inches: Sandy loam 25 to 66 inches: Stratified coarse sand to loamy coarse sand to loamy sand Minor Components Phalanx Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Fort mott Landform: Interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Patapsco Landform: Broad interstream divides, knolls Russett Landform: Interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Down-slope shape: Concave DoD Downer-Hammonton complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 120 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Downer and similar soils: 50 percent Hammonton and similar soils: 25 percent Minor components: 25 percent 41

Description of Downer Landform: Knolls, interfluves, broad interstream divides Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 10 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand Description of Hammonton Landform: Depressions, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 10 to 15 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 25 inches: Sandy loam 25 to 66 inches: Stratified coarse sand to loamy coarse sand to loamy sand 42

Minor Components Galestown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Sassafras Landform: Interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Russett Landform: Interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Christiana Landform: Interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope DuB Downer-Hammonton-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 120 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Downer and similar soils: 35 percent Hammonton and similar soils: 25 percent Urban land: 20 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Downer Landform: Knolls, interfluves, broad interstream divides Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) 43

Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2s 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand Description of Hammonton Landform: Depressions, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 25 inches: Sandy loam 25 to 66 inches: Stratified coarse sand to loamy coarse sand to loamy sand Description of Urban Land Parent material: Human transported material Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Hambrook Landform: Broad interstream divides 44

Evesboro Landform: Broad interstream divides Patapsco Landform: Broad interstream divides, knolls Russett Landform: Interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Down-slope shape: Concave DuD Downer-Hammonton-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 120 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Downer and similar soils: 35 percent Hammonton and similar soils: 25 percent Urban land: 20 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Downer Landform: Knolls, interfluves, broad interstream divides Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained 45

Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand Description of Hammonton Landform: Depressions, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 25 inches: Sandy loam 25 to 66 inches: Stratified coarse sand to loamy coarse sand to loamy sand Description of Urban Land Slope: 5 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Sassafras Landform: Knolls, interfluves 46

Galestown Landform: Interfluves, knolls Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Christiana Landform: Swales, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Russett Landform: Interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Down-slope shape: Concave EsA Elsinboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 160 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Elsinboro and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Elsinboro Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches 47

Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.5 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 1 0 to 6 inches: Sandy loam 6 to 24 inches: Sandy clay loam 24 to 64 inches: Loamy sand Minor Components Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave EsB Elsinboro sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 160 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Elsinboro and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Elsinboro Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Slope: 2 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.5 inches) 48

Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 6 inches: Sandy loam 6 to 24 inches: Sandy clay loam 24 to 64 inches: Loamy sand Minor Components Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, depressions, fluviomarine terraces, swales, drainhead complexes, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave EuB Elsinboro-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 160 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Elsinboro and similar soils: 65 percent Urban land: 30 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Elsinboro Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: Very rare Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.5 inches) 49

Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 6 inches: Sandy loam 6 to 24 inches: Sandy clay loam 24 to 64 inches: Loamy sand Description of Urban Land Parent material: Human transported material Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave FbB Fallsington-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 1,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 220 days Fallsington and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 30 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Fallsington Landform: Swales, drainageways, depressions, concave Across-slope shape: Concave 50

Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 10 inches Frequency of ponding: Occasional Available water capacity: Moderate (about 7.5 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4w 0 to 6 inches: Sandy loam 6 to 37 inches: Sandy clay loam 37 to 41 inches: Gravelly loamy sand 41 to 58 inches: Gravelly coarse sand 58 to 72 inches: Stratified sandy loam to clay loam Description of Urban Land Slope: 0 to 2 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Woodstown Landform: Interfluves, drainhead complexes Corsica Landform: Depressions Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hambrook Landform: Drainhead complexes, interfluves Comus Landform: Flood plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope 51

GbD Galestown-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 210 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Galestown and similar soils: 65 percent Urban land: 25 percent Minor components: 10 percent Description of Galestown Landform: Fluviomarine terraces, broad interstream divides, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, convex Parent material: Sandy eolian deposits and/or fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High to very high (6.00 to 19.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 10 inches: Loamy sand 10 to 21 inches: Loamy sand 21 to 48 inches: Loamy sand 48 to 72 inches: Loamy sand Description of Urban Land Slope: 5 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to 52

Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Swedesboro Landform: Terraces Downer Landform: Knolls, interfluves, broad interstream divides Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Is Issue silt loam, occasionally flooded Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 250 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Issue and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Issue Landform: Flood plains, drainageways Parent material: Loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 10 to 20 inches Frequency of flooding: Occasional Available water capacity: High (about 9.9 inches) 53

Land capability (nonirrigated): 4w 0 to 4 inches: Silt loam 4 to 19 inches: Loam 19 to 30 inches: Fine sandy loam 30 to 58 inches: Fine sandy loam 58 to 70 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Woodstown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Depressions, drainageways, swales Potobac Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Flood plains, drainageways Iu Issue-Urban land complex, occasionally flooded Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 250 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days Issue and similar soils: 60 percent Urban land: 30 percent Minor components: 10 percent Description of Issue Landform: Flood plains, drainageways Parent material: Loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 10 to 20 inches Frequency of flooding: Occasional Available water capacity: High (about 9.9 inches) 54

Land capability (nonirrigated): 4w 0 to 4 inches: Silt loam 4 to 19 inches: Loam 19 to 30 inches: Fine sandy loam 30 to 58 inches: Fine sandy loam 58 to 70 inches: Silt loam Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Potobac Landform: Flood plains Fallsington Landform: Swales, drainageways, depressions, concave Across-slope shape: Concave LY Longmarsh and Indiantown soils, frequently flooded Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 100 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Longmarsh and similar soils: 65 percent Indiantown and similar soils: 25 percent Minor components: 10 percent Description of Longmarsh Landform: Flood plains Parent material: Loamy alluvium 55

Slope: 0 to 1 percent Drainage class: Very poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 10 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: Frequent Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.6 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 5w 0 to 2 inches: Moderately decomposed plant material 2 to 19 inches: Mucky loam 19 to 34 inches: Sandy loam 34 to 80 inches: Loamy sand Description of Indiantown Landform: Flood plains Parent material: Loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 1 percent Drainage class: Very poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 10 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: Frequent Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: High (about 10.7 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 5w 0 to 25 inches: Mucky silt loam 25 to 80 inches: Loamy sand Minor Components Zekiah Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Flood plains 56

MpB Matapeake silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 230 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Matapeake and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Matapeake Landform: Interfluves, fluviomarine terraces, broad interstream divides Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Parent material: Silty eolian deposits over fluviomarine deposits Slope: 2 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: High (about 11.6 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 12 inches: Silt loam 12 to 54 inches: Silt loam 54 to 72 inches: Sandy loam Minor Components Collington Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Broad interstream divides, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve 57

Liverpool Landform: Terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread RcB Russett-Christiana complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days Russett and similar soils: 40 percent Christiana and similar soils: 35 percent Minor components: 25 percent Description of Russett Landform: Broad interstream divides, interfluves, drainhead complexes, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summit Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 2 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: High (about 9.7 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 4 inches: Fine sandy loam 4 to 7 inches: Loam 7 to 13 inches: Loam 13 to 46 inches: Clay loam 46 to 57 inches: Sandy clay loam 58

57 to 77 inches: Silty clay loam Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 2 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Minor Components Hambrook Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Flats, fluviomarine terraces, knolls, depressions Fallsington Landform: Depressions, drainageways, drainhead complexes, swales Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave Hammonton Sassafras 59

RuB Russett-Christiana-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Russett and similar soils: 30 percent Urban land: 30 percent Christiana and similar soils: 30 percent Minor components: 10 percent Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 60

Description of Russett Landform: Broad interstream divides, interfluves, drainhead complexes, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summit Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: High (about 9.7 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 4 inches: Fine sandy loam 4 to 7 inches: Loam 7 to 13 inches: Loam 13 to 46 inches: Clay loam 46 to 57 inches: Sandy clay loam 57 to 77 inches: Silty clay loam Minor Components Udorthents Hammonton Landform: Depressions, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave, linear SaB Sassafras sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 370 feet Mean annual precipitation: 30 to 50 inches 61

Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 59 degrees F Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days Sassafras and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Sassafras Landform: Knolls, fluviomarine terraces, broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 2 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 7.8 inches) Land capability classification (irrigated): 1 Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 9 inches: Sandy loam 9 to 15 inches: Sandy loam 15 to 30 inches: Loam 30 to 37 inches: Sandy loam 37 to 80 inches: Loamy sand Minor Components Croom Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Ravines Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, nose slope, head slope Woodstown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Broad interstream divides, depressions, fluviomarine terraces, swales, drainhead complexes, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave 62

SaC Sassafras sandy loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 370 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Sassafras and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Sassafras Landform: Knolls, fluviomarine terraces, broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 10 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 7.8 inches) Land capability classification (irrigated): 1 Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e 0 to 9 inches: Sandy loam 9 to 15 inches: Sandy loam 15 to 30 inches: Loam 30 to 37 inches: Sandy loam 37 to 80 inches: Loamy sand Minor Components Croom Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Hillslopes, knolls Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, convex 63

, convex Woodstown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Depressions, broad interstream divides, pediments, fluviomarine terraces, stream terraces, swales Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave, linear SnB Sassafras-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 330 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days Sassafras and similar soils: 45 percent Urban land: 35 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Sassafras Landform: Knolls, fluviomarine terraces, broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 7.8 inches) Land capability classification (irrigated): 1 Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 9 inches: Sandy loam 9 to 15 inches: Sandy loam 15 to 30 inches: Loam 64

30 to 37 inches: Sandy loam 37 to 80 inches: Loamy sand Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Matapeake Landform: Broad interstream divides, fluviomarine terraces, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Hambrook Landform: Broad interstream divides, fluviomarine terraces, interfluves, drainhead complexes, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Phalanx Landform: Divides Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave SnD Sassafras-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 330 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days 65

Sassafras and similar soils: 55 percent Urban land: 30 percent Minor components: 15 percent Description of Sassafras Landform: Knolls, fluviomarine terraces, ravines, interfluves Landform position (three-dimensional): Riser Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: High (about 9.5 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 3 inches: Fine sandy loam 3 to 18 inches: Fine sandy loam 18 to 50 inches: Sandy clay loam 50 to 72 inches: Stratified fine sandy loam to loam to silt loam to sandy clay loam Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave Sassafras Landform: Broad interstream divides, fluviomarine terraces, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread 66

Phalanx Landform: Divides SnE Sassafras-Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 370 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Sassafras and similar soils: 55 percent Urban land: 25 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Sassafras Landform: Knolls, fluviomarine terraces, ravines, interfluves Landform position (three-dimensional): Riser Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 15 to 25 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: High (about 9.5 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 6e 0 to 3 inches: Fine sandy loam 3 to 18 inches: Fine sandy loam 18 to 50 inches: Sandy clay loam 50 to 72 inches: Stratified fine sandy loam to loam to silt loam to sandy clay loam 67

Description of Urban Land Parent material: Human transported material Slope: 15 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Woodstown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave Croom Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Ravines Landform position (three-dimensional): Nose slope, head slope, side slope SOD Sassafras and Croom soils, 10 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Sassafras and similar soils: 45 percent Croom and similar soils: 35 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Sassafras Landform: Fluviomarine terraces, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Riser 68

Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 10 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: High (about 9.5 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 3 inches: Fine sandy loam 3 to 18 inches: Fine sandy loam 18 to 50 inches: Sandy clay loam 50 to 72 inches: Stratified fine sandy loam to loam to silt loam to sandy clay loam Description of Croom Landform: Hillslopes, knolls Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, convex, convex Parent material: Gravelly fluviomarine deposits Slope: 10 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 3.1 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 1 inches: Gravelly sandy loam 1 to 9 inches: Gravelly sandy loam 9 to 13 inches: Very gravelly clay loam 13 to 30 inches: Extremely gravelly sandy clay loam 30 to 54 inches: Extremely gravelly sandy clay loam 54 to 66 inches: Extremely gravelly sandy clay loam 66 to 80 inches: Extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam 69

Minor Components Hammonton Landform: Depressions, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave, linear Ingleside Landform: Broad interstream divides, depressions, fluviomarine terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Russett Landform: Broad interstream divides, drainhead complexes, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summit UdaF Udorthents, highway, 0 to 65 percent slopes Map Unit Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Udorthents, highway, and similar soils: 100 percent Description of Udorthents, Highway Parent material: Human transported material Slope: 0 to 65 percent Drainage class: Well drained Depth to water table: More than 80 inches 70

Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 UdbB Udorthents, loamy, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 300 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Udorthents, loamy, and similar soils: 90 percent Minor components: 10 percent Description of Udorthents, Loamy Landform: Interfluves Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to very high (0.01 to 19.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 40 to 72 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.4 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 2 inches: Loam 2 to 72 inches: Gravelly loam Minor Components Urban land Percent of map unit: 10 percent 71

UdbD Udorthents, loamy, 5 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 300 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 58 degrees F Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days Udorthents, loamy, and similar soils: 90 percent Urban land: 10 percent Description of Udorthents, Loamy Landform: Broad interstream divides, convex Parent material: Fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to very high (0.01 to 19.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 40 to 72 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.4 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 2 inches: Loam 2 to 72 inches: Gravelly loam Description of Urban Land Landform: Flats Parent material: Human transported material Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 72

UdcB Udorthents, reclaimed clay pits, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 150 to 350 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Udorthents, reclaimed clay pits, and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Udorthents, Reclaimed Clay Pits Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Parent material: Loamy and clayey mine spoil or earthy fill over clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately high (0.00 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 40 to 72 inches Available water capacity: High (about 10.0 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 7 inches: Clay loam 7 to 72 inches: Clay Minor Components Christiana Landform: Depressions 73

UduB Udorthents-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 30 to 660 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Udorthents, reclaimed gravel pits, and similar soils: 70 percent Urban land: 30 percent Description of Udorthents, Reclaimed Gravel Pits Landform: Interfluves, fluviomarine terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 40 to 72 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 4.3 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 4 inches: Gravelly sandy loam 4 to 72 inches: Very gravelly sandy loam Description of Urban Land Parent material: Human transported material Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 74

Un Urban land Map Unit Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Urban land: 100 percent Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 UrbB Urban land-beltsville complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 20 to 360 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Urban land: 80 percent Beltsville and similar soils: 15 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Description of Beltsville Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope Down-slope shape: Convex, linear, convex Parent material: Silty eolian deposits over loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to fragipan Drainage class: Moderately well drained 75

Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 3.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 3 inches: Silt loam 3 to 8 inches: Silt loam 8 to 20 inches: Silt loam 20 to 41 inches: Loam 41 to 65 inches: Sandy clay loam 65 to 71 inches: Very gravelly sandy clay loam 71 to 76 inches: Gravelly coarse sandy loam Minor Components Aquasco Landform: Broad interstream divides Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve UrcD Urban land-christiana-downer complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Urban land: 75 percent Christiana and similar soils: 15 percent Downer and similar soils: 10 percent Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes 76

Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Description of Downer Landform: Interfluves, knolls Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder, convex, convex Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 5 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: Low (about 5.8 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e 0 to 12 inches: Loamy sand 12 to 31 inches: Sandy loam 31 to 38 inches: Loamy sand 38 to 72 inches: Sand 77

UreB Urban land-elsinboro complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 160 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Urban land: 80 percent Elsinboro and similar soils: 20 percent Description of Urban Land Parent material: Human transported material Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Description of Elsinboro Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: Very rare Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.5 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 6 inches: Sandy loam 6 to 24 inches: Sandy clay loam 24 to 64 inches: Loamy sand 78

UrkB Urban land-issue complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 250 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Urban land: 85 percent Issue and similar soils: 15 percent Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Description of Issue Landform: Flood plains, drainageways Parent material: Loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 10 to 20 inches Frequency of flooding: Occasional Available water capacity: High (about 9.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 4w 0 to 4 inches: Silt loam 4 to 19 inches: Loam 19 to 30 inches: Fine sandy loam 30 to 58 inches: Fine sandy loam 58 to 70 inches: Silt loam 79

UrrB Urban land-russett-christiana complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 390 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Urban land: 80 percent Russett and similar soils: 10 percent Christiana and similar soils: 10 percent Description of Urban Land Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Description of Christiana Landform: Hillslopes, interfluves, swales, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Parent material: Clayey fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: Low (about 4.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 21 inches: Silty clay loam 21 to 49 inches: Silty clay 80

49 to 80 inches: Clay loam Description of Russett Landform: Broad interstream divides, interfluves, drainhead complexes, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summit Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: High (about 9.7 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 4 inches: Fine sandy loam 4 to 7 inches: Loam 7 to 13 inches: Loam 13 to 46 inches: Clay loam 46 to 57 inches: Sandy clay loam 57 to 77 inches: Silty clay loam UrsB Urban land-sassafras complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 210 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Urban land: 80 percent Sassafras and similar soils: 15 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 81

Description of Sassafras Landform: Broad interstream divides, fluviomarine terraces, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 5.95 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Available water capacity: High (about 9.5 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 3 inches: Sandy loam 3 to 18 inches: Fine sandy loam 18 to 50 inches: Sandy clay loam 50 to 72 inches: Stratified fine sandy loam to loam to silt loam to sandy clay loam Minor Components Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave UrwB Urban land-woodstown complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 120 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days 82

Urban land: 80 percent Woodstown and similar soils: 20 percent Description of Urban Land Slope: 0 to 5 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Description of Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 8 inches: Sandy loam 8 to 28 inches: Loam 28 to 42 inches: Fine sandy loam 42 to 60 inches: Sandy loam 60 to 72 inches: Loamy sand UrzA Urban land-zekiah complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 250 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches 83

Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Urban land: 80 percent Zekiah and similar soils: 15 percent Minor components: 5 percent Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Description of Zekiah Landform: Flood plains, drainageways Parent material: Loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 10 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: Frequent Available water capacity: Very high (about 13.7 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 5w 0 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 35 inches: Silt loam 35 to 60 inches: Mucky silt loam 60 to 72 inches: Sandy loam Minor Components Issue Landform: Flood plains, drainageways 84

W Water Water: 100 percent WoA Woodstown sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 120 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 58 degrees F Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days Woodstown and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2w 0 to 8 inches: Sandy loam 8 to 28 inches: Loam 28 to 42 inches: Fine sandy loam 42 to 60 inches: Sandy loam 85

60 to 72 inches: Loamy sand Minor Components Hammonton Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Flats, depressions, drainageways, concave, concave Fallsington Landform: Swales, drainageways, depressions, concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hambrook Landform: Flats, fluviomarine terraces, knolls, depressions Landform position (three-dimensional): Rise, convex, concave, convex, concave WoB Woodstown sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 120 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Woodstown and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Description of Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 2 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained 86

Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2w 0 to 8 inches: Sandy loam 8 to 28 inches: Loam 28 to 42 inches: Fine sandy loam 42 to 60 inches: Sandy loam 60 to 72 inches: Loamy sand Minor Components Hammonton Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Broad interstream divides, depressions, drainhead complexes, fluviomarine terraces, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave Hambrook Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Broad interstream divides, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Fallsington Landform: Depressions, drainageways, drainhead complexes, swales WuB Woodstown-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Elevation: 10 to 120 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Woodstown and similar soils: 50 percent Urban land: 35 percent Minor components: 15 percent 87

Description of Woodstown Landform: Broad interstream divides, swales, fluviomarine terraces, depressions, interfluves, drainhead complexes Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave Parent material: Loamy fluviomarine deposits Slope: 0 to 5 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 20 to 40 inches Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e 0 to 8 inches: Sandy loam 8 to 28 inches: Loam 28 to 42 inches: Fine sandy loam 42 to 60 inches: Sandy loam 60 to 72 inches: Loamy sand Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Hammonton Landform: Broad interstream divides, depressions, drainhead complexes, fluviomarine terraces, interfluves, swales Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, concave, concave Hambrook Landform: Broad interstream divides, interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Fallsington Landform: Depressions, drainageways, drainhead complexes, swales 88

Zn Zekiah-Urban land complex, frequently flooded Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 250 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days Zekiah and similar soils: 40 percent Urban land: 30 percent Minor components: 30 percent Description of Zekiah Landform: Flood plains, drainageways Parent material: Loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 10 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: Frequent Available water capacity: Very high (about 13.7 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 5w 0 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 35 inches: Silt loam 35 to 60 inches: Mucky silt loam 60 to 72 inches: Sandy loam Description of Urban Land Land capability (nonirrigated): 8 Minor Components Fallsington Percent of map unit: 15 percent 89

Landform: Swales, drainageways, depressions, concave Across-slope shape: Concave Issue Percent of map unit: 15 percent Landform: Flood plains, drainageways ZS Zekiah and Issue soils, frequently flooded Map Unit Elevation: 0 to 250 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days Zekiah and similar soils: 40 percent Issue and similar soils: 40 percent Minor components: 20 percent Description of Zekiah Landform: Flood plains, drainageways Parent material: Loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 10 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: Frequent Available water capacity: Very high (about 13.7 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 5w 0 to 10 inches: Silt loam 10 to 35 inches: Silt loam 35 to 60 inches: Mucky silt loam 60 to 72 inches: Sandy loam 90

Description of Issue Landform: Flood plains, drainageways, drainhead complexes Parent material: Loamy alluvium Slope: 0 to 2 percent Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 10 to 20 inches Frequency of flooding: Occasional Available water capacity: High (about 9.9 inches) Land capability (nonirrigated): 5w 0 to 4 inches: Silt loam 4 to 19 inches: Loam 19 to 30 inches: Fine sandy loam 30 to 58 inches: Fine sandy loam 58 to 70 inches: Silt loam Minor Components Widewater Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Drainageways, flood plains Longmarsh Landform: Channels on flood plains, backswamps on flood plains Fallsington Landform: Drainhead complexes, swales, drainageways 91

Soil Information for All Uses Soil Properties and Qualities The Soil Properties and Qualities section includes various soil properties and qualities displayed as thematic maps with a summary table for the soil map units in the selected area of interest. A single value or rating for each map unit is generated by aggregating the interpretive ratings of individual map unit components. This aggregation process is defined for each property or quality. Soil Qualities and Features Soil qualities are behavior and performance attributes that are not directly measured, but are inferred from observations of dynamic conditions and from soil properties. Example soil qualities include natural drainage, and frost action. Soil features are attributes that are not directly part of the soil. Example soil features include slope and depth to restrictive layer. These features can greatly impact the use and management of the soil. Hydrologic Soil Group (Purple Line: Zone 7, 8, and 9) Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the soils are not protected by vegetation, are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from longduration storms. The soils in the United States are assigned to four groups (A, B, C, and D) and three dual classes (A/D, B/D, and C/D). The groups are defined as follows: Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission. Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission. 92

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water transmission. Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission. If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the second is for undrained areas. Only the soils that in their natural condition are in group D are assigned to dual classes. 93

Table Hydrologic Soil Group (Purple Line: Zone 7, 8, and 9) Hydrologic Soil Group Summary by Map Unit Prince George's County, Maryland (MD033) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI ApA Aquasco silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally ponded AuB Aquasco-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes C 7.6 0.2% C 20.5 0.5% BaB Beltsville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes C 4.4 0.1% BuB Beltsville-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes BuD Beltsville-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes CcC Christiana-Downer complex, 5 to 10 percent slopes CcD Christiana-Downer complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes CcE Christiana-Downer complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes CcF Christiana-Downer complex, 25 to 40 percent slopes CdD CdE CF Ch Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Christiana-Downer-Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Codorus and Hatboro soils, frequently flooded Codorus-Hatboro-Urban land complex, frequently flooded CzB Croom-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes CzD Croom-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes DoB Downer-Hammonton complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes DoC Downer-Hamonton complex, 5 to 10 percent slopes DoD Downer-Hammonton complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes DuB DuD EsA EsB Downer-Hammonton-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Downer-Hammonton-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes Elsinboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Elsinboro sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes EuB Elsinboro-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes C 232.3 5.6% C 4.9 0.1% C 69.3 1.7% C 101.8 2.5% C 167.3 4.0% C 20.2 0.5% C 759.2 18.4% C 32.0 0.8% D 336.4 8.1% D 398.2 9.6% B 0.8 0.0% B 2.7 0.1% B 0.7 0.0% B 2.3 0.1% B 5.4 0.1% B 2.9 0.1% B 13.2 0.3% B 28.4 0.7% B 16.7 0.4% B 77.6 1.9% 96

Hydrologic Soil Group Summary by Map Unit Prince George's County, Maryland (MD033) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI FbB Fallsington-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes GbD Galestown-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes B/D 28.0 0.7% A 24.5 0.6% Is Issue silt loam, occasionally flooded C 4.0 0.1% Iu LY Issue-Urban land complex, occasionally flooded Longmarsh and Indiantown soils, frequently flooded C 142.3 3.4% D 6.3 0.2% MpB Matapeake silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes B 4.9 0.1% RcB Russett-Christiana complex, 2 to 5 percent slopes RuB SaB SaC Russett-Christiana-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Sassafras sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes Sassafras sandy loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes SnB Sassafras-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes SnD Sassafras-Urban land complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes SnE Sassafras-Urban land complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes SOD Sassafras and Croom soils, 10 to 15 percent slopes UdaF Udorthents, highway, 0 to 65 percent slopes C 24.5 0.6% C 289.9 7.0% B 0.7 0.0% B 3.5 0.1% B 91.9 2.2% B 52.5 1.3% B 4.7 0.1% B 3.6 0.1% D 172.3 4.2% UdbB Udorthents, loamy, 0 to 5 percent slopes B 3.7 0.1% UdbD Udorthents, loamy, 5 to 15 percent slopes B 8.3 0.2% UdcB Udorthents, reclaimed clay pits, 0 to 5 percent slopes UduB Udorthents-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes C 1.8 0.0% C 11.4 0.3% Un Urban land D 153.4 3.7% UrbB Urban land-beltsville complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes UrcD Urban land-christiana-downer complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes UreB Urban land-elsinboro complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes UrkB UrrB Urban land-issue complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Urban land-russett-christiana complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes UrsB Urban land-sassafras complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes D 16.6 0.4% D 138.2 3.3% D 20.1 0.5% D 44.8 1.1% D 181.8 4.4% D 30.1 0.7% 97

Hydrologic Soil Group Summary by Map Unit Prince George's County, Maryland (MD033) Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI UrwB Urban land-woodstown complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes UrzA Urban land-zekiah complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded D 99.9 2.4% D 23.3 0.6% W Water 27.3 0.7% WoA WoB Woodstown sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Woodstown sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes WuB Woodstown-Urban land complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes Zn Zekiah-Urban land complex, frequently flooded C 6.1 0.1% C 25.8 0.6% C 33.0 0.8% D 41.4 1.0% ZS Zekiah and Issue soils, frequently flooded D 110.5 2.7% Totals for Area of Interest 4,135.7 100.0% Rating Options Hydrologic Soil Group (Purple Line: Zone 7, 8, and 9) Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher 98

References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 2006. Keys to soil taxonomy. 10th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://soils.usda.gov/ Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.glti.nrcs.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://soils.usda.gov/ 99

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. 100