Demographic Profile of ASHA Members Providing Bilingual Services March 2016

Demographic Profile of ASHA Members Providing Bilingual Services March 2016 Introduction State data on the number of bilingual speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and audiologists are frequently requested from ASHA s Office of Multicultural Affairs by individuals seeking information related to grant funding for bilingual training programs and by those preparing recruitment initiatives. In an effort to satisfy those requests, this report presents data from ASHA s 2015 Member Counts on bilingual service provision alongside data from the U.S. Census Bureau s 2014 American Community Survey (ACS) on the potential need for these services. What is the ACS? The ACS is part of the Decennial Census Program of the U.S. Census Bureau. The ACS is sent to a small percentage of the U.S. population annually. The purpose of this survey is to refresh data gathered via the Decennial Census, allowing for more current data throughout the decade. For more information about the ACS, visit http://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/. What data from the ACS are used in this report? This report includes three sets of one-year estimates based on data from the ACS. The first set presents the percentage of individuals in a given state who speak English less than Very Well. These data are the closest estimates available to the number of individuals who would require services in a language other than English. The second percentage represents those who speak a language other than English as their primary language at home. While it is likely that many of these individuals are fluent English speakers, they may feel more comfortable discussing medical issues in their native language. Finally, in Table 3 the non-english at home column is replaced by the percentage of individuals who speak Spanish at home. All three data elements exclude children under the age of 5 from analysis. Which members are considered bilingual service providers? While ASHA does not offer bilingual certification, on the 2016 dues notice ASHA provided members with an opportunity to self-identify as being bilingual based on a policy document titled Bilingual Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists: Definition, which requires native or near-native proficiency in a second language. For more information on ASHA s definition of bilingual service provision, see the document at http://www.asha.org/practice-portal/professional-issues/bilingual- Service-Delivery/. On the 2016 dues notice, ASHA asked a series of questions about bilingual service provision, two of which are critical to this analysis. Following a lengthy definition, respondents were asked Are you a bilingual service provider? and In what language(s) are you qualified to provide bilingual services? This was followed by an extensive list of non-english languages. Individuals used in this analysis include those who answered Yes to the first question, and/or provided a language in the second. Many more respondents indicated they were not qualified, or chose not to answer either question; these individuals were excluded from analysis. In addition to including certified SLPs and audiologists, the columns marked Total in Tables 2 and 3 also include dually certified, in process, and uncertified constituents.

Data Snapshot: ASHA Bilingual Service Providers, Year End 2015 Counts Overall. At year end 2015, ASHA represented 173,737 audiologists; speech language pathologists (SLPs); speech, language, and hearing scientists; and audiology and speechlanguage pathology support personnel. Bilingual Service Providers. Of the 173,737 individuals represented by ASHA, 11,197 (6%) indicated they met the ASHA definition of bilingual service provider. Of these, 10,097 were ASHA certified SLPs and 726 were ASHA certified audiologists. The remainder included members with dual certification, individuals who had started but not yet completed the certification process, and non certified members. Spanish Language Service Providers. Of the 11,197 individuals who met the ASHA definition of bilingual service provider, most (7,029 or 63%) were Spanish language service providers. Of these, 6,594 were ASHA certified SLPs, and 266 were ASHA certified audiologists. The remainder included members with dual certification, individuals who had started but not yet completed the certification process, and non certified members. Employment Characteristics Employment Status. The majority (77%) of ASHA bilingual service providers were employed full time; 18% were employed part time. The remainder were on leave of absence, unemployed, or retired. Percentages were similar for the total ASHA membership and affiliation. Primary Work Setting. One half (49%) of ASHA bilingual service providers were employed in educational settings, including 44% in schools and 5% in colleges and universities. An additional 44% were employed in health care settings, including 24% in non residential health care facilities, 12% in hospitals, and 8% in residential health care settings. Percentages were similar for the total ASHA membership and affiliation. Primary Work Role. The majority (72%) of ASHA bilingual service providers were clinical service providers. Nearly one tenth (8%) held an administrative position, 7% were special education teachers, 4% were college or university professors, 2% were consultants, and fewer than 1% were researchers. Percentages were similar for the total ASHA membership and affiliation. Private Practice. More than one quarter (32%) of ASHA bilingual service providers were employed full or part time in private practice. In comparison, 21% of ASHA s total membership and affiliation were employed full or part time in private practice. Demographics Race. The majority (80%) of ASHA bilingual service providers were White. More than one tenth (15%) were Asian, 3% were Black or African American, 2% were multi racial, 1% were American Indian or Alaska Native, and fewer than 1% were Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. In comparison, 92% of ASHA s total membership and affiliation were White, 4% were

Black or African American, 3% were Asian, 1% were multi racial, and fewer than 1% were Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Ethnicity. More than one third (40%) of ASHA bilingual service providers were of Hispanic or Latino descent, compared with 5% of ASHA s total membership and affiliation. Gender. The majority (92%) of ASHA bilingual service providers were female, compared with 95% of ASHA s total membership and affiliation. Age. The median age of ASHA bilingual service providers was 40 years, compared with 43 years for ASHA s total membership and affiliation. Location. The largest number of ASHA certified SLPs who lived in the United States and were bilingual service providers lived in Texas (1,720), New York (1,592), California (1,472), and Florida (1,066). Many of these were Spanish language service providers: Texas (1,557), New York (783), California (895), and Florida (896). The largest number of ASHA certified audiologists who lived in the United States and were bilingual service providers lived in California (90), New York (79), Texas (62), and Florida (56). Many of these were Spanish language service providers: California (44), New York (24), Texas (42), and Florida (37). 2014 American Community Survey Data Individuals Who Spoke English Less Than Very Well. The percentages of individuals who indicated they spoke English less than Very Well were highest in California (19%); Texas and New York (14% each); Hawaii (13%); and Nevada, New Jersey and Florida (12% each). Individuals Who Spoke a Language Other Than English as Their Primary Language at Home. The percentages of individuals who indicated they spoke a language other than English as their principal language at home were highest in California (44%); New Mexico (37%); Texas (36%); Nevada and New Jersey (31% each); and New York (30%). Individuals Who Spoke Spanish at Home. The percentages of individuals who indicated they spoke Spanish at home were highest in Texas (30%); New Mexico and California (29% each); and Nevada, Florida, and Arizona (21% each).

TABLE 1: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF ASHA CONSTITUENTS WHO SELF-IDENTIFIED AS BILINGUAL SERVICE PROVIDERS: JANUARY 1 THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2015 TOTAL n = 11,197 EMPLOYMENT STATUS RACE Source: Dues Notice 2015 n = 9,955 Source: Dues Notice 2012 n = 7,522 Employed Full-Time 76.9% American Indian or Alaska Native 0.7% Employed Part-Time 17.8% Asian 14.6% On Leave of Absence 1.2% Black or African-American 3.0% Unemployed/Seeking Work 1.3% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0.3% Unemployed/Not Seeking Work 2.0% White 79.6% Retired 0.9% Multiracial 1.9% PRIMARY EMPLOYMENT FACILITY ETHNICITY Source: Dues Notice 2015 n = 9,426 Source: Dues Notice 2012 n = 8,061 Educational Facility 49.0% Hispanic or Latino 39.8% School 43.9% Not Hispanic or Latino 60.2% Special School 2.5% Preschool 7.4% PRIMARY EMPLOYMENT FUNCTION Elementary School 16.9% Source: Dues Notice 2015 n = 9,392 Secondary School 2.4% Clinical Service Provider 72.2% Several Schools 12.4% Teacher 11.4% Schools, Unspecified 2.4% Special Education Teacher 7.3% College/University 5.1% College/University Professor 4.1% Health Care Facility (HCF) 43.7% Researcher 0.4% Hospital Facility 12.0% Consultant 1.9% Residential HCF 7.8% Doctoral Candidate 0.4% Skilled Nursing Facility 6.2% Administrator 8.4% Other Residential Facility 1.6% Administrator/Exec. Officer 2.4% Nonresidential HCF 23.8% Chair/Dept. Head/Manager 2.2% Home Health 6.7% Supervisor of Clinical Activity 2.0% Private Physician s Office 1.3% Other Director/Supervisor 1.7% SLP s or AUD s Office 3.8% Other Position 5.3% Speech & Hearing Center 2.7% Other Nonresidential Facility 9.4% PRIVATE PRACTICE All Other Facilities 7.3% Source: Dues Notice 2015 n = 9,202 Not Employed in Private Practice 68.4% AGE Employed Full-Time 14.1% Source: Dues Notice 2014 n = 9,662 Employed Part-Time 17.5% 34 and younger 28.0% 35 44 34.8% GENDER 45 54 20.4% Source: Dues Notice 2009 n = 9,512 55 64 12.9% Female 91.9% 65 and older 3.9% Male 8.1% These counts include individuals who were ASHA members, nonmember certificate holders, international affiliates, or associates during the period and whose dues/fees were paid. The percentages are for the number of respondents (n = respondents) to that question only; percentages may not total 100.0% due to rounding. In addition to the dues notices of various years, members are also able to provide ASHA with their demographic information by contacting the Action Center at 800-498-2071, or updating their data online at community.asha.org/myprofile. For additional information about these figures, contact ASHA s Surveys and Analysis unit at data@asha.org or 800-498-2071, ext. 8749, 8738, or 8739.

TABLE 2: ASHA BILINGUAL SERVICE PROVIDERS (BSP) AND AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY (ACS) DATA ON ENGLISH-LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND NON-ENGLISH HOUSEHOLDS ASHA SLPs ASHA Audiologists ASHA Total ACS Language Use English < Non-Eng # of BSP % of BSP # of BSP % of BSP # of BSP % of BSP State Very Well @ Home Alabama 18 1.0% 3 1.2% 21 1.0% 2.0% 4.9% Alaska 11 3.2% 0 0.0% 11 2.8% 5.1% 16.6% Arizona 217 8.9% 18 6.3% 236 8.5% 9.3% 27.0% Arkansas 34 1.5% 4 3.1% 38 1.6% 3.3% 6.9% California 1,472 12.4% 90 11.7% 1,609 12.3% 18.5% 43.9% Colorado 162 5.6% 16 4.2% 183 5.4% 6.2% 17.2% Connecticut 114 5.3% 11 5.6% 125 5.2% 8.1% 21.8% Delaware 13 3.3% 4 10.5% 18 4.1% 4.4% 13.0% Dist of Columbia 36 11.0% 3 8.1% 40 10.8% 5.9% 17.8% Florida 1,066 12.2% 56 8.2% 1,145 11.9% 11.7% 28.3% Georgia 120 2.9% 8 2.6% 130 2.9% 5.5% 13.6% Hawaii 22 4.4% 3 6.1% 25 4.5% 12.8% 25.2% Idaho 15 2.1% 7 12.1% 22 2.8% 4.1% 10.3% Illinois 417 5.4% 22 4.3% 446 5.3% 8.9% 22.6% Indiana 64 2.4% 7 2.5% 74 2.4% 3.1% 7.9% Iowa 12 1.1% 5 2.9% 19 1.4% 3.0% 7.2% Kansas 25 1.5% 3 2.0% 29 1.6% 4.4% 11.3% Kentucky 18 0.8% 1 0.7% 19 0.8% 2.3% 5.2% Louisiana 31 1.3% 3 1.3% 36 1.3% 3.0% 8.4% Maine 10 1.3% 0 0.0% 10 1.2% 1.8% 6.8% Maryland 154 4.6% 27 8.3% 184 5.0% 6.4% 17.1% Massachusetts 228 5.0% 22 5.8% 253 5.0% 8.9% 22.6% Michigan 86 2.0% 21 5.0% 109 2.3% 3.4% 9.2% Minnesota 71 2.6% 5 1.6% 76 2.4% 4.5% 11.1% Mississippi 6 0.4% 5 3.7% 14 0.9% 1.5% 3.7% Missouri 43 1.2% 6 2.1% 49 1.3% 1.9% 5.6% Montana 4 1.0% 2 9.5% 6 1.4% 0.8% 3.9% Nebraska 14 1.3% 1 0.8% 15 1.2% 4.9% 10.6% Nevada 40 5.6% 5 7.9% 45 5.8% 12.3% 30.7% New Hampshire 13 1.6% 3 7.0% 16 1.8% 2.4% 7.5% New Jersey 433 7.7% 29 7.9% 474 7.7% 12.2% 30.6% New Mexico 182 14.3% 7 9.5% 190 14.0% 9.1% 36.8% New York 1,592 10.7% 79 8.8% 1,729 10.6% 13.8% 30.4% North Carolina 180 3.5% 12 3.1% 194 3.4% 4.7% 11.2% North Dakota 3 0.6% 0 0.0% 3 0.6% 1.5% 5.5% Ohio 104 1.8% 17 2.8% 121 1.9% 2.4% 6.6% Oklahoma 37 1.8% 6 4.0% 44 2.0% 4.2% 10.0% Oregon 113 6.5% 4 2.5% 122 6.2% 6.1% 15.5% Pennsylvania 163 2.4% 17 3.3% 185 2.5% 4.2% 10.8% Rhode Island 20 3.3% 1 2.1% 22 3.3% 8.4% 21.0% South Carolina 35 1.5% 2 1.4% 37 1.5% 2.9% 6.8% South Dakota 0 0.0% 2 4.7% 2 0.4% 1.7% 5.7% Tennessee 49 1.8% 10 2.7% 60 1.9% 2.9% 7.0% Texas 1,720 14.7% 62 7.5% 1,808 14.1% 14.4% 35.5% Utah 60 5.1% 21 13.0% 83 6.0% 5.1% 14.7% Vermont 14 3.1% 0 0.0% 15 3.1% 1.3% 5.0% Virginia 134 3.7% 22 5.9% 162 3.9% 5.6% 15.6% Washington 137 4.8% 15 4.5% 155 4.8% 7.6% 18.8% West Virginia 4 0.5% 3 2.8% 7 0.7% 0.6% 2.0% Wisconsin 90 2.9% 0 0.0% 93 2.7% 3.3% 8.7% Wyoming 3 0.9% 1 4.0% 4 1.1% 2.0% 7.0% U.S. Subtotal 9,609 6.2% 671 5.3% 10,513 6.2% 8.6% 21.1% Puerto Rico 164 65.9% 10 71.4% 211 55.8% 78.4% 94.5% Other U.S. Terr. 1 2.2% 0 0.0% 1 1.8% No Data Other Countries 323 18.5% 45 26.3% 472 19.1% No Data Total 10,097 6.5% 726 5.6% 11,197 6.4% No Data

TABLE 3: ASHA SPANISH-LANGUAGE SERVICE PROVIDERS (SSP) AND ACS DATA ON ENGLISH-LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND SPANISH-LANGUAGE HOUSEHOLDS ASHA SLPs ASHA Audiologists ASHA Total ACS Language Use English < Spanish @ # of SSP % of SSP # of SSP % of SSP # of SSP % of SSP State Very Well Home Alabama 10 0.6% 1 0.4% 11 0.5% 2.0% 3.1% Alaska 5 1.4% 0 0.0% 5 1.3% 5.1% 3.3% Arizona 177 7.3% 6 2.1% 183 6.6% 9.3% 20.6% Arkansas 24 1.1% 0 0.0% 24 1.0% 3.3% 5.1% California 895 7.6% 44 5.7% 959 7.3% 18.5% 28.8% Colorado 127 4.4% 6 1.6% 136 4.0% 6.2% 12.0% Connecticut 75 3.5% 3 1.5% 78 3.2% 8.1% 11.4% Delaware 8 2.0% 0 0.0% 9 2.0% 4.4% 6.9% Dist of Columbia 23 7.0% 1 2.7% 24 6.5% 5.9% 8.6% Florida 896 10.3% 37 5.4% 953 9.9% 11.7% 20.9% Georgia 60 1.5% 2 0.7% 64 1.4% 5.5% 8.0% Hawaii 5 1.0% 0 0.0% 5 0.9% 12.8% 1.9% Idaho 12 1.7% 4 6.9% 16 2.0% 4.1% 7.8% Illinois 274 3.6% 4 0.8% 281 3.3% 8.9% 13.3% Indiana 30 1.1% 0 0.0% 31 1.0% 3.1% 4.4% Iowa 4 0.4% 1 0.6% 5 0.4% 3.0% 3.8% Kansas 18 1.1% 1 0.7% 19 1.1% 4.4% 7.5% Kentucky 11 0.5% 0 0.0% 11 0.4% 2.3% 2.5% Louisiana 16 0.7% 1 0.4% 17 0.6% 3.0% 3.7% Maine 3 0.4% 0 0.0% 3 0.4% 1.8% 0.9% Maryland 80 2.4% 7 2.1% 88 2.4% 6.4% 7.1% Massachusetts 102 2.3% 7 1.8% 111 2.2% 8.9% 8.6% Michigan 38 0.9% 3 0.7% 42 0.9% 3.4% 2.9% Minnesota 44 1.6% 1 0.3% 45 1.5% 4.5% 3.6% Mississippi 4 0.3% 2 1.5% 6 0.4% 1.5% 2.4% Missouri 22 0.6% 1 0.3% 23 0.6% 1.9% 2.3% Montana 3 0.8% 1 4.8% 4 0.9% 0.8% 1.5% Nebraska 8 0.7% 0 0.0% 8 0.6% 4.9% 7.3% Nevada 26 3.7% 3 4.8% 29 3.7% 12.3% 21.4% New Hampshire 8 1.0% 0 0.0% 8 0.9% 2.4% 1.9% New Jersey 178 3.2% 8 2.2% 188 3.1% 12.2% 15.9% New Mexico 157 12.4% 5 6.8% 162 11.9% 9.1% 29.1% New York 783 5.3% 24 2.7% 836 5.1% 13.8% 15.1% North Carolina 136 2.6% 5 1.3% 141 2.5% 4.7% 7.4% North Dakota 2 0.4% 0 0.0% 2 0.4% 1.5% 1.4% Ohio 40 0.7% 4 0.7% 44 0.7% 2.4% 2.1% Oklahoma 25 1.2% 1 0.7% 26 1.2% 4.2% 6.7% Oregon 81 4.6% 0 0.0% 86 4.4% 6.1% 9.3% Pennsylvania 85 1.2% 5 1.0% 93 1.2% 4.2% 4.7% Rhode Island 14 2.3% 1 2.1% 16 2.4% 8.4% 11.2% South Carolina 19 0.8% 1 0.7% 20 0.8% 2.9% 4.4% South Dakota 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1.7% 1.7% Tennessee 29 1.1% 3 0.8% 33 1.0% 2.9% 4.0% Texas 1,557 13.3% 42 5.0% 1,617 12.6% 14.4% 29.8% Utah 42 3.6% 11 6.8% 53 3.9% 5.1% 10.0% Vermont 3 0.7% 0 0.0% 3 0.6% 1.3% 1.0% Virginia 69 1.9% 6 1.6% 78 1.9% 5.6% 6.7% Washington 73 2.6% 2 0.6% 76 2.3% 7.6% 8.4% West Virginia 2 0.2% 0 0.0% 2 0.2% 0.6% 0.8% Wisconsin 71 2.3% 0 0.0% 72 2.1% 3.3% 4.5% Wyoming 2 0.6% 0 0.0% 2 0.6% 2.0% 4.7% U.S. Subtotal 6,376 4.1% 254 2.0% 6,748 3.9% 8.6% 13.1% Puerto Rico 163 65.5% 10 71.4% 210 55.6% 78.4% 94.4% Other U.S. Terr. 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% No Data Other Countries 55 3.2% 2 1.2% 71 2.9% No Data Total 6,594 4.2% 266 2.1% 7,029 4.0% No Data