ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS PATRICK B. BAETJER worked in the U.S. Senate before moving to the Center for Strategic and International Studies as a Research Assistant to the Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy. Mr. Baetjer s work focused on the Middle East, especially Iran and Iraq, terrorism, and military force transformation. He assisted in the research and writing of Iraqi Security Forces: A Strategy for Success by Dr. Anthony Cordesman. Mr. Baetjer holds a B.A. in History from Davidson College and a master s degree in International Affairs from the George Bush School of Government and Public Service. JAY W. BOGGS is currently working as a Staff Officer with the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency. He served 5 years in the U.S. Army as a Field Artillery officer in various leadership and staff positions. While stationed with the 1st Cavalry Division at Fort Hood, TX, he completed operational deployments to Kuwait and Iraq for Operation IRAQI FREEDOM II. Mr. Boggs holds a B.A. in history and government/ international studies from the University of Notre Dame and a Master of International Affairs degree with concentration in National Security Studies from the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&M University. Joseph R. Cerami is a Senior Lecturer in National Security Policy and Director of the Public Service Leadership Program for the Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University. During a 30-year military career, Colonel Cerami served in Germany, the Republic of Korea, and the United States as a Field Artillery officer, operational 589
planner, and strategist. His last assignment was as the Chairman of the Department of National Security and Strategy at the U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA, from 1998 to 2001. From 1993 to 1998, he served on the faculty there as Director of International Security Studies. He was Assistant Professor of Political Science at the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, NY, where he taught International Relations, and Politics and Government. Along with Colonel James F. Holcomb, Jr., he is co-editor of the Army War College Guide to Strategy. He has a B.S. in Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point; an M.A. in Government from the University of Texas at Austin; an MMAS in Theater Operations from the School of Advanced Military Studies at Fort Leavenworth, KS; and a Ph.D. in public administration from the Penn State School of Public Affairs. He is a graduate of the Army War College. RICHARD A. CHILCOAT retired as a lieutenant general from the U.S. Army after 42 years of active military service on September 1, 2000. Currently, he serves as a member of the Board of Advisors, Naval Postgraduate School, Class Trustee of the Association of Graduates, U.S. Military Academy, and member of the Board of Directors, National Defense University Foundation. During his military service, Chilcoat served in a variety of leadership positions, including Chief of Staff, 3d Infantry Division, United States Army Europe and Seventh Army; Executive Assistant to General Colin Powell, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; Deputy Director, Strategy, Plans and Policy, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, U.S. Army; and Senior Speechwriter for the Army Chief of Staff, General John A. Wickham, 590
Jr. He also served as Assistant to the Academy Dean, Assistant Professor of Social Sciences, and member, Academy Athletic Board at the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, NY. In 1994, General Chilcoat became 43d Commandant of the United States Army War College. In 1997, he was appointed ninth President of the National Defense University by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, serving until July 2000. He has provided professional consulting services to business and academic enterprises about education, technology, executive training, and leadership. On July 1, 2001, Lieutenant General Chilcoat was named Dean of the George Bush School of Government and Public Service, at Texas A&M University. From January 2001 to February 2002, he directed and facilitated the Army Strategic Leadership Course for Army general officers. Lieutenant General Chilcoat holds a B.S. from the U.S. Military Academy and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School, and is an honorary graduate of the U.S. Army War College. Chris Cline, an Army captain, has been selected to serve as the Southwest regional commander in the Directorate of Admissions at West Point, NY. His previous assignments include platoon leader, company executive officer, and battalion S1 in the 51st Signal Battalion (Airborne) at Fort Bragg, NC; team leader in the 22d Mobile Public Affairs Detachment at Fort Bragg; and most recently commander in the 22d Personnel Services Battalion at Fort Lewis, WA, where he deployed to Kuwait in support of Operation IRAQI FREEDOM II. Captain Cline holds a B.S. degree in American politics from the U.S. Military Academy, and a Master s Degree in International Affairs with a concentration in National Security from the George 591
Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&M University. Joseph J. Collins is currently a professor of strategy at the National War College in Washington, DC. From 2001 to 2004, he was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Stability Operations where he was active in plans and policy for the war in Afghanistan, as well as in the initial planning for Operation IRAQI FREEDOM. A retired Army Colonel, he is a veteran of over a decade s service in the Pentagon, and has taught at the U.S. Military Academy, Georgetown, and Columbia. His many publications include books on the study of Soviet policy toward Afghanistan, International Relations theory, and U.S. military culture. Colonel Collins holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University. Robert H. Dorff is currently Research Professor of National Security Studies in the Art of War Department, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. Previously, he was the Senior Advisor for Democracy, Governance, and Civilian Military Relations for Creative Associates International, Inc., working extensively with their Security and Development Initiative, which focused on strategic approaches and policies that bridge the civilian-military gap in addressing the challenges of post-conflict and transitioning societies. Dr. Dorff is also the immediate past Executive Director of the Institute of Political Leadership in Raleigh, NC, a position he held from June 2004 until June 2006. Prior to that, he was Chairman of the Department of National Security and Strategy at the U.S. Army War College, where he had previously served as Professor of National Security Policy and Strategy and holder of the General Maxwell D. Taylor Chair. From 1980 until 592
1997 he was a member of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at North Carolina State University. Dr. Dorff is the author or co-author of three books and numerous journal articles, many of which focus on U.S. national security strategy, democratization and failed states, and peace support operations. Dr. Dorff holds a B.A. in Political Science from Colorado College and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill. Scott R. Feil is an Adjunct Research Staff Member in the Operational Evaluation Division at the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA). The non-profit Institute supports the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Defense Agencies, the Joint Staff, and the Combatant Commands. His current work focuses on interagency coordination, reconstruction and stabilization operations, and organizational transformation. Prior to joining IDA, Mr. Scott was the Executive Director of the Program on the Role of American Military Power, a study group chartered and supported by the Association of the U.S. Army (AUSA). He served as co-director of a project sponsored by AUSA and the Center for Strategic and International Studies on Post- Conflict Reconstruction, a multiyear study of tasks, organizational comparative advantage, and planning mechanisms for the effective and efficient rebuilding of countries emerging from conflict. Mr. Feil served 27 years in the U.S. Army where he commanded a tank battalion and armor brigade and was a Cavalry Regiment Operations Office during Operations DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM. Mr. Feil graduated from the U.S. Military Academy, received an M.A. in Political Science from Stanford University, 593
and completed a U.S. Army Senior Service College Fellowship at Georgetown University. Carlos Hernandorena worked for a large international law firm as a project finance paralegal and office assistant and for GlobalSecurity.org, a webbased think tank that specializes in defense and security issues. He holds a B.A. in Foreign Affairs from the University of Virginia and an M.A. in International Affairs from the George Bush School of Government and Public Service. H. ALLEN IRISH, a U.S. Army colonel, is currently assigned to the 352d Civil Affairs Command, Fort Meade, MD. His military career includes service in Operation DESERT STORM, as legal advisor to the Joint Civil-Military Operations Task Force in Afghanistan during 2002, and as senior advisor to the Ministry of Environment in Baghdad from 2003 to 2004. In civilian life, he has served as Deputy Attorney General in New Jersey and Director of Industry Affairs, National Paint & Coatings Association, Washington, DC. Colonel Irish has completed numerous military schools, including the Judge Advocate and Civil Affairs Officers Advanced Courses and the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. He holds a B.A. in Economics and History from the University of Virginia, a J.D. from Washington & Lee University Law School, and was awarded a Master of Strategic Studies degree from the U.S. Army War College. Dennis C. Jett is Dean of the International Center and Director of the Transnational and Global Studies Center at the University of Florida. A former career diplomat, he served as Ambassador to Peru and 594
Mozambique; on the National Security Council; and in Argentina, Israel, Malawi, and Liberia. He has been interviewed on the Jim Lehrer News Hour, CNN, NPR, and other national news programs, and has written over 80 opinion pieces for major newspapers. Dr. Jett is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and is writing a book on foreign policy to be published by Palgrave. His dissertation, Why Peacekeeping Fails, has been published by Palgrave. Dr. Jett has a Ph.D. in International Relations from the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. DOUGLAS C. LOVELACE, JR., is Director of the Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) at the U.S. Army War College. His Army career included a combat tour in Vietnam and a number of command and staff assignments. While serving in the Plans, Concepts, and Assessments Division and the Conventional War Plans Division of the Joint Staff, he collaborated in the development of such documents as the National Military Strategy, the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan, the Joint Military Net Assessment, national security directives, and presidential decision directives. He also was Director of Military Requirements and Capabilities Management at the U.S. Army War College, held the Douglas MacArthur Professor of Research Chair, and served as Director of Research in SSI. Professor Lovelace has published extensively in the areas of national security and military strategy formulation, future military requirements, and strategic planning. Professor Lovelace is a graduate of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College and the National War College. He holds an MBA from Embry Riddle Aeronautical University and a J.D. from Widener University School of Law and is a member of the Pennsylvania and New Jersey bars. 595
Robert B. Polk is currently serving as a chief advisor to the director of the Project on National Security Reform. He is also co-directing the study, World Order and Post-Conflict Competence, funded by the Smith Richardson Foundation. He also works as an Adjunct Research Member for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) think tank, Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA). His work at IDA is related to interagency issues and is closely associated with his work on national security reforms. Colonel Polk concluded a 20-year career in the U.S. Army where he served 15 years as an infantry officer and 5 years as an Army and Joint Services campaign strategist. He also served in various leadership positions, including Base Camp Commander in Bosnia-Herzegovina and more recently Director of Planning for Jay Garner in the Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA) and Co-Director for Paul Bremer s Office of Policy Planning in the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) for a cumulative 10-month period in 2003 during and after the Iraq War. Upon return from Iraq, Colonel Polk worked on two special staffs supporting the Secretary of Defense. In these positions, he was a key planner in developing interagency plans and policies related to the redeployment of the CPA, in activating the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, and in various efforts in support of DoD and Department of State policies in Afghanistan. Colonel Polk holds a B.S. in General Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, NY; an M.A. in National Security and Strategic Studies from the U.S. Naval War College, Newport, RI;, an M.A.S. in Operational Theory and Strategic Planning from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College s School of Advanced Military Studies 596
(SAMS), Fort Leavenworth, KS; and an M.S. in General Administration from Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI. Brian Polley worked as an intern at the Scowcroft Group international business advisory firm in 2006 and currently works as an intern at UBS Financial Services doing capital investment and portfolio management. His area of concentration is national security, with a particular focus on defense policy and military affairs and intelligence as an instrument of statecraft. He plans to pursue a career in public service as a counterterrorism analyst. Mr. Polley holds a B.A. from the University of Texas, Austin, TX, and a Master s Degree in International Affairs from the George Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University. Katherine Rogers interned at 21st Century Technologies, a small government contractor with the mission of exploiting emerging mathematical technologies solving complex problems in the intelligence and military communities. She is preparing to work in the intelligence community. Ms. Rogers holds a B.S. in Mathematics from Texas A&M University and a Master s Degree in International Affairs from the Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University. Amanda Smith worked as a Bankruptcy and Foreclosure Specialist for Mackoff, Kellogg, Kirby, and Kloster. Ms. Smith plans to pursue a career in defense policy and national security issues. She holds a B.A. in Political Science and a B.S. in Psychology from Dickinson State University, Dickinson, ND; and 597
a Master s Degree in International Affairs from the George Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University. James M. Smith is Director of the U.S. Air Force Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA), Colorado Springs, CO, where he is also Professor of Military Strategic Studies. He has been a member of the civilian faculty since 1994. He completed an Air Force career in 1993 that included flying and operations plans assignments in Southeast Asia, Europe, and the United States. He also served in faculty assignments at the USAF Special Operations School, as the Chief of National Security Studies at the Air Command and Staff College, and as an exchange professor in the Department of Social Sciences at the U.S. Military Academy (USMA), West Point, NY, and as USMA s Associate Dean for Academic Research. Dr. Smith manages and directs INSS programs in the areas of strategic security, international treaties and agreements, and counterproliferation; homeland defense and combating terrorism; air and space policy and planning; information operations and warfare; and regional and emerging national security issues. Dr. Smith holds a B.S. from USAFA; an M.S. from the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; and a Ph.D. in Public Policy from the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL. John F. Troxell is currently serving as Professor of Strategic Military Logistics Operations and Planning with the Center for Strategic Leadership, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle, PA. Prior to assuming his current position, he was the Director of National Security Studies, Department of National Security 598
and Strategy, U.S. Army War College. During a 30- year career with the U.S. Army, Colonel Troxell held high-level assignments in the Department of Army, including staff officer in the War Plans Division from 1990 to 1992, force planner for the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Strategy and Requirements, staff officer in the Office of the Secretary of Defense from 1994 to 1996, and Chief, Engineer Plans Division, Combined Forces Command, Seoul, South Korea from 1997 to 1999. Colonel Troxell holds a B.S. degree from the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, NY, and a Master s degree from the Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ; and is a 1997 graduate of the U.S. Army War College. TYSON VOELKEL currently serves as an instructor at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. He served as a company commander in the 82nd Airborne Division on two separate tours to Iraq. Captain Tyson holds a Bachelor s degree in Engineering from Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and is a graduate of the George Bush School of Government and Public Service Master s Degree Program in International Affairs, Texas A&M University. James J. Wirtz is a Professor in the Department of National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. He is editor of the Palgrave Macmillan series, Initiatives in Strategic Studies: Issues and Policies; section chair of the Intelligence Studies Section of the International Studies Association; and President of the International Security and Arms Control Section of the American Political Science Association. He joined the Naval Postgraduate School faculty in 1990 after teaching at Franklin & Marshall College; Penn State University; 599
and the State University of New York, Binghamton. Between January 2000 and January 2005, he served as the Chair of the Department of National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School. In 2005 he was a Visiting Professor at the Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University. Dr. Wirtz teaches courses on nuclear strategy, international relations theory, and intelligence. He is currently working on a monograph entitled Theory of Surprise and an edited volume on Navies and Stability Operations. He was a John M. Olin Pre-Doctoral Fellow at the Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. Dr. Wirtz earned B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Delaware, Newark, DE; and the Ph.D. degree in Political Science from Columbia University. 600
about The George Bush School of Government and Public Service The George Bush School of Government and Public Service is located at Texas A&M University in College Station, TX. It educates principled leaders in public and international affairs, conducts research, and performs service. Both the Master of Public Service and Administration (MPSA) and Master s Program in International Affairs (MPIA) are full-time graduate degree programs that provide a professional education for individuals seeking careers in the public or nonprofit sectors, or for activities in the private sector that have a governmental focus. The MPSA, a 21-month, 48-credit-hour program, combines 11 courses in public management, policy analysis, economics, and research methods with five electives. Students select an elective concentration in one of the following areas: nonprofit organizations; state and local policy and management; natural resources, environment, and technology policy and administration; security, energy, and technology policy; and health policy and management. A professional internship is completed in the first summer session. The MPIA, a 21-month, 48-credit-hour program, offers tracks in National Security Affairs and International Economics and Development. Students fashion a program of study based on two or more concentrations or clusters of related courses such as economic development, diplomacy in world affairs, intelligence in statecraft, national security, or regional studies. Satisfactory completion of a foreign language exam is a prerequisite for graduation. At the end of their first year of study, students participate in either an internationally oriented internship or a foreign language immersion course. 601
The Certificate in Advanced International Affairs (CAIA) program is a focused curriculum offered via distance education or through in-residence study. The program consists of 12-15 credit hours of graduate courses designed for those with limited time but a strong desire to upgrade specific dimensions of their international relations credentials. The Certificate in Homeland Security (CHS) program is offered only via distance education and intended for people who need to understand the new security environment as part of their management and supervisory duties. This program requires students to take 15 credit hours of graduate course work centered upon homeland security issues and strategies at all levels of the government and private industry. For more information on the Bush School please visit our website at bush.tamu.edu/. 602
ABOUT THE Strategic Studies Institute The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is the U.S. Army s center for geostrategic and national security research and analysis. It conducts strategic research and analysis to support the U.S. Army War College curriculum, provides direct analysis for Army and Department of Defense leadership, and serves as a bridge to the wider strategic community. SSI is composed of civilian research professors, uniformed military officers, and a professional support staff. All have extensive credentials and experience. SSI is divided into three components: the Art of War Department focuses on global, trans-regional, and functional issues, particularly those dealing with Army transformation; the Regional Strategy and Planning Department focuses on regional strategic issues; and the Academic Engagement Program creates and sustains partnerships with the global strategic community. In addition to its organic resources, SSI has a web of partnerships with strategic analysts around the world, including the foremost thinkers in the field of security and military strategy. In most years, about half of SSI s publications are written by these external partners. SSI studies are published by the Institute and distributed to key strategic leaders in the Army and Department of Defense, the military educational system, Congress, the news media, other think tanks and defense institutes, and major colleges and universities. SSI studies capitalize on history and current political, economic, and military factors to develop strategic recommendations. Books - SSI publishes about 3-5 books per year consisting of authored works or edited compilations. 603
Monographs - Policy-oriented reports that provide recommendations. They are usually 25-90 pages in length. Carlisle Papers - These highlight the very best of student papers from the U.S. Army War College. LeTort Papers - Essays, retrospectives, or speeches of interest to the defense academic community. Colloquium Reports - For larger conferences SSI may produce a report on the proceedings. Colloquium Briefs - These two-to-four page briefs are produced after the colloquia which we have conducted or helped fund. At the request of the Army leadership, SSI sometimes provides shorter analytical reports on pressing strategic issues. The distribution of these is usually limited. Additionally, every year SSI compiles a Key Strategic Issues List (KSIL) based on input from the U.S. Army War College faculty, the Army Staff, the Joint Staff, the unified and specified commands, and other Army organizations. This is designed to guide the research of SSI, the U.S. Army War College, and other Army-related strategic analysts. SSI analysts publish widely outside of the Institute s own products. They have written books for Cambridge University Press, Princeton University Press, University Press of Kansas, Duke University Press, Praeger, Frank Cass, Rowman, and Littlefield and Brassey s. They have contributed chapters to many other books including publications from the Brookings Institution, Jane s Defence Group, and the Center for Strategic and International Studies. SSI analysts have written articles for Foreign Affairs, International Security, Survival, 604
Washington Quarterly, Orbis, The National Interest, Current History, Political Science Quarterly, Joint Force Quarterly, Parameters, The Journal of Politics, Security Studies, Journal of Strategic Studies, Jane s Intelligence Review, Occasional Papers of the Woodrow Wilson Center, Contemporary Security Policy, Defense Analysis, Military Operations Research, Strategic Review, Military Review, National Security Studies Quarterly, Journal of Military History, War in History, War & Society, The Historian, Infantry Magazine, The World and I, Aerospace Historian, Central Asian Security, Asian Survey, SAIS Review, China Quarterly, Comparative Politics, Journal of Political and Military Sociology, Small Wars and Insurgencies, Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, Special Warfare, Comparative Strategy, Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, Journal of East Asian Studies, World Affairs, Problems of Post-Communism, Conflict, Diplomatic History, Airpower Journal, Low Intensity Conflict and Law Enforcement, Politique Étranger, Allgemeine Schweizerische Militärzeitschrift, and African Security Review. SSI also conducts academic conferences to examine issues of importance to the Army, collaborating with some of the most prestigious universities in the country. Recent partners included Georgetown, Princeton, Harvard, MIT, Columbia, University of Chicago, University of Miami, Stanford, Georgia Tech, Johns Hopkins, and the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&M University. 605