A Study on Video Over IP and the Effects on FTTx Architectures Patrick J. Sims, RCDD Principal Engineer
Architecture Reference Model End Beginning to End Overviewthe FTTx Services Architecture Copper EFM Fiber MSAG WDM AWG BPON/GEPON/GPON/WDM PON FDH Fiber Fiber Active Ethernet Fiber/Copper Fiber
What We Know Today - IP Services over xdsl Voice Gateway - Provides Access to the Class 5 Telco Switch (i.e. Paradyne, General Bandwidth, Passport PVG) PSTN GR-303 PSTN Intranet/Internet VoIP Voice Gateway Controller (i.e. Sonus, Cisco, NorTel) IP Video Return Video Storage IPTV Manager VOD Server Minerva, Myrio, Microsoft Authentication Switch to the Internet (i.e. NorTel Shasta -BSN5000, Redback SMS-500) Layer 2/3 Switch Alcatel 7450/Omni SW 6600 (for Multicasting Video and VoIP SoftSwitch Techniques) Encoder DVD Gigabit Ethernet to Remote DSLAM Encoder Minerva VC8000 Optibase - Movimaker 400 (for MPEG4 & DVB Encoding) EMS Workstation ATM/GE Switch (i.e. NorTel PP15000, Fore Systems ASX 4000) (Cisco Catalyst 4912G) DSLAM Multi-Service Access Gateway CO Based Alcatel, Adtran, ECI Remote DSLAM RLP Feeder RLP Cabinet Remote DSLAM Multi-Service Access Gateway Alcatel 7330R MDF or Copper Cross Connect Satellite Local Broadcast TV CATV Up/Down Link Video RF Multiplexer/IRD Integrated Receiver Decoder Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) Harmonic/Scientific Atlanta Proposed and Current IP Services for Triple and Quad Play Television Computer Telephone Triple Play Home
What We Know Today - IP Services over PON
123456789101112 COL - HS1HS2 OK1OK2 PS ACT- STA- CONSOLE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 * 8 # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 * 8 # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 CO L- HS 1 HS 2 OK 1 O K2 PS ACT - ST A- CONSOLE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 * 8 # 123456789101112 CO L- HS1 HS2 OK1 O K2 PS ACT - ST A- CONSOLE What We Know Today - IP Services Complexity PSTN DMS 100 VOD Server Middleware itv Manager GR-303 T1 192.168.5.100 100 Base-T 192.168.5.190 100 Base-T 192.168.6.10 Voice Gateway 47.135.172.30 IP/OC3/ATM 192.168.20.3 SUN Server 194.168.20.190 193.168.51.254 IP/OC3/ATM VPI/VCI 1/41 47.135.172.36 47.135.172.51 PON OPS EMS Client/Server 194.168.20.140 Hub 194.168.20.159 ROUTER IP/OC3/ATM 193.168.51.1 VPI/VCI 0/32 RF Mux RF Mux ENCODER ENCODER 192.168.6.11 192.168.6.12 ATM/GE Switch 47.135.172.40 IP/OC3/ATM 1x32 FDH MSAG/OLT RF Mux ENCODER 100 Base-T Layer 2/3 DHCP Server 47.135.172.50-200 100 Base-T VPI/VCI 1/100 ONT ONT Home Gateway ONT Policy Switch Internet 47.135.172.49 STB 192.168.2.2 192.168.2.3 192.168.2.4 STB STB Aggregation of IP Video Content for Distribution Television Television Television
Defining Converged Services Multi-Media Convergence Appliance Television Personal Computer Service High Definition TV (MPEG2) Pay TV Standard Definition TV (MPEG2) Interactive TV on Internet Video on Demand (VoD) Personal Video Recorder High Speed Internet (WEB Surfing) Interactive Gaming Video on PC Bandwidth ~19 Mbps 3-6 Mbps 3.5 Mbps 1 3.5 Mbps 3-6 Mbps Up to 6 Mbps Up to 2 Mbps 1 5 Mbps 4-12 Mbps Telephone Voice over IP (VoIP) 80 kbps - 5 Mbps Voice over DSL (VoDSL) Source: FS-VDSL, Operator Requirements Document 40-64 kbps/ch 40 80 Mbps Needed?
Video Coding Performance Roadmap Channel Raw Bandwidth Mbps, Not Stat Muxed over Multiple Channels 20 15 10 5 0 HDTV SDTV MPEG2 MPEG4.10 MPEG 4 (H.264) can reduce bandwidth by 50% but at the expense of higher headend costs and more expensive STBs. HDTV SDTV Current HD FPS set at 30. Full HD (1080p, 4-million pixels) set at 60 FPS. Content providers making BlueRay HD (1080p compatible). BW for Full HD to be set at 50 Mbps. Future 3D HD set at 100 200 Mbps Full motion video quality with action or sport sequences Video with lower fps or less motion and scene changing
Requirements for Multiple Video Feeds No. of Subs Drivers for more video feeds per sub More TV sets per household * New applications for Picture in Picture DVR and multi-tv DVR adoption 2008 2007 2009 Multiple video feeds are no longer driven by TV sets per household alone 2 4 ADSL2 + (SDTV/HDTV**) VDSL (SDTV/HDTV) Satellite Cable FTTP 12 Video Feeds per Sub E.g. 4 TV Sets with PIP viewing and 4-TV DVR recording other channels * TV sets per household average 2.60 (1/2 TV sets sold today are HDTV) ** assume MPEG-2 1-Channel each.
Broadband Video Options For Telephony Providers Subscribe r Strengths Risks DBS Available World Wide Limited VOD support Switched Digital Video Headend CO ADSL2+ VDSL Home Gateway DBS Local Area Coverage Many Video Feeds per Sub HD supported Limited US Data support DSLAM Remote DSLAM Home Gateway Deep Fiber xdsl Reuse Existing Copper Plant VOD Supported HD supported Limited bandwidth to meet medium to long term service demand Remote Electronics Video MUX/ Encoders IP/ATM Core DSLAM ADSL2+ VDSL MDU xdsl Reuse Existing Copper Plant VOD Supported HD supported Limited bandwidth to meet medium to long term service demand Electronics in MDU Middleware/VOD Servers PON OLT ONT PON Enough bandwidth to provide multiple IP Apps w/video over IP VOD supported Greenfield initially Rehab existing plant may take time HD supported
Timeline Broadband Deployments 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008/2009 xdsl ADSL/2/2+ 26 Mbps/3-5Kft VDSL/2 50 Mbps/1-3Kft ADSL Systems ADSL2+ G.992.5 Standards Ratified VDSL G.993.1 Standards Ratified ADSL2+ Components VDSL Components ADSL2+ Systems VDSL Systems PON BPON 622Mbps 1:32 Systems First Major PON Deployments (RBOC FTTP RFP) BPON 1.2Gbps 1:32 GEPON 1.2Gbps 1:32 GPON 2.4Gbps 1:32/1:64 Video Compression MPEG-2 Systems Standard Amendment Ratified Components IEEE 802.3ah Standard Ratified G.984.3 Standard Ratified Systems Components Components Systems Systems MPEG-4 Part 10 Systems Total SD Channels 300 325 350 Service Offer H.264 Standard Ratified Components Systems Total HD Channels 15 25 35 Content Provider Adoption 500 50 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008/2009
Serving Area Reference Model for xdsl A Serving Area (SA) deployment will consist of Networks with varying degrees of triple play service take rates. SA (100-2000 Homes Passed. Remote DSLAM Supports 24-96 Subscribers each.) Overbuild Deployment Low Take Rate Low Take Rate Med Take Rate CO DSALM Med Take Rate SA Take Rates will be mixed: HSI 2-10 Mbps Voice: POTs/VOIP Video: MPEG2/4 SD/HD High Take Rate High Take Rate - Copper X-Connect - Remote DSLAM
Serving Area Reference Model for PON A SA deployment may consist of PONs with varying degrees of triple play service take rates and different PON techniques and technologies. SA (1152-2040 home passed) Greenfield and Overbuild Deployments Low Take Rate Res PON CO Low Take Rate Res PON Avg Home Passed per SA = 120 BPON x 16 Homes/PON = 60 BPON/GEPON x 32 Homes/PON = 60 GPON x 32 Homes/PON Med Take Rate Res PON OLT Med Take Rate Res PON SA Take Rates will be mixed: HSI 5-30 Mbps Voice: POTs/VOIP High Take Rate Res PON High Take Rate Res PON Video: MPEG2/4 SD/HD
xdsl Capacity Analysis The objective is to determine whether a particular DSL implementation can meet a given service bandwidth requirement DSL Line Side Capacity (Southbound Interface) DSL Line Side Capacity (Northbound Interface) N subs CO MDF/DSLAM N subs DSLAM Trunk Capacity (Northbound Interface) N subs - Copper X-Connect - Remote DSLAM
PON Capacity Analysis The objective is to determine whether a particular PON implementation can meet a given service bandwidth requirement 1:N Split N subs PON Capacity (Southbound Interface) CO 1:N Split N subs OLT OLT Trunk Capacity (Northbound Interface) 1:N Split N subs
Video Distribution over IP Northbound to the Layer 2/3 Switch MSAG xdsl/pon OLT Copper/Fiber Distribution Customer Premise Channel Multicasting SDTV SDTV HDTV SD VOD HD VOD SDTV channel multicast group HDTV channel multicast group HDTV SD VOD HD VOD Channel lineup and VOD usage determines trunk capacity to video headend Individual capacity determines the maximum number of video feeds per sub Distinct SD Video Streams Engineered for Maximum Usage All channels are unicast Channel Uni-cast Distinct HD Video Streams Capacity must meet maximum usage without video blocking for any given take rate.
How Does Multi-Cast Video Work? Integrated multi-casting to be supported at the Core and the Edge. Multiple users viewing the same IP video stream are multi-cast at the Core via IGMP Proxy. Multiple users viewing the same IP video stream are multi-cast at the Edge via IGMP Snooping. Significantly reduces the network load Benefits increase as the number of users is increased Benefits increase as higher bandwidth services are enabled (HDTV)
How Does Multi-Cast Video Work Over ADSL2 + and VDSL Customer viewing Superbowl Customer viewing Movie Customer viewing Superbowl Customer viewing Superbowl Customer viewing Music Videos DSL Router DSL Router DSL Router DSL Router DSL Router Example of Multi-cast Video Service over xdsl Networks Still Still 21 3 channels through the the network A single user viewing an IP video stream is uni-cast at the remote DSLAM. Multiple users start viewing the same IP video stream are multi-cast at the Remote DSLAM using IGMP Proxy Techniques. The northbound interface bandwidth is maintained as a single video stream. The southbound interface bandwidth is determined upon the DSL service provided, i.e. ADSL2+/VDSL. Integrated multi-casting to be supported in the CO and the Remote DSLAMs
How Does Multi-Cast Video Work Over PON Systems Customer viewing Superbowl Customer viewing Movie Customer viewing Superbowl Customer viewing Superbowl Customer viewing Music Videos Multiple users viewing the same IP video stream are multi-cast at the OLT on each PON Port where the OLT is using IGMP Proxy Techniques. The PON Splitters are passive and allow all of the ONTs on that particular PON Port to view the same video stream where the ONT is using IGMP Snooping Techniques. As additional users start to view the same IP video stream on different PON Ports, the bandwidth at the northbound interface through the network remains the same. ONT ONT ONT ONT ONT Example of Multi-cast Video Service over PON Still 21 3 channels through the the network Integrated multi-casting to be supported at the OLT and the ONT. OLT
Key Findings Competition in offering voice and data services as well as a diverse video service portfolio are forcing Service Providers to re-think Video over IP.» VOD and HD Content is on the Rise Multiple video feeds are no longer driven by TV sets per household alone.» VDSL alone may not have the BW for video services to compete» PON offers enough BW for competitive video services with or without MPEG-4 Multiple bandwidth tiers are determined by line rates, video compression technologies, and multi-cast techniques; not PON (BPON, GEPON, GPON, WDMPON or EFM) vs. DSL. MPEG2 and MPEG4 as well as IGMP Snooping and Multicast Techniques need to be reviewed where the requirements imposed on various FTTx and Broadband architectures require precise engineering in the CO/HE. Significant opportunity cost for inaction or delayed action to capture revenues from a quad-play offer that has a competitive video services.
Summary Architectural and Topological Choices Driven By Initial and target take rates Overbuild, Greenfield or Migration Focus Active Electronic Requirements Network Efficiency and Growth Strategy Critical underpinnings for the design Key to cost-effective use of intelligent electronics Design must take a System Approach To coordinate all elements Understand the impact of all the techniques that offer the best solutions while ensuring network stability
Questions? Thank You patrick.sims@adc.com