Sustainable city development through smart urban planning

Sustainable city development through smart urban planning

Agenda Summary Points Urban Planning Overview Urbanization in India Objectives of Smart Urban planning Key Focus Areas in Smart Urban Planning Compact Neighborhoods Transit Oriented development Metropolitan Area Networks Eco-Cities Role of Telcos in Smart Urban Planning Opportunity Assessment in Smart Cities 2

Summary points Traditional ways of urban planning have resulted in heavy strain on resources like power & water, creaking public infrastructure, high levels of pollution, and an overall poor quality of life The answer to the challenges is smart urban planning which will handle large scale urbanization increase efficiency reduce expenses, provide good infrastructure, attract investments ensure sustainable development improve quality of life of residents Some of the key focus areas in smart urban planning worldwide are: Compact neighborhoods Transit-oriented development Metropolitan Area Networks Eco-cities Telcos can play a key role in smart urban planning through system integration & maintenance

Overview of Urban Planning 4

Urbanization in India Benefits Problems Population explosion in cities 31% population lives in just 7,935 urban centers, remaining 69% lives in 6,40,867 villages Heavy strain on urban resource Per capita availability of Land, power & water in best of Indian cities is far less than that in developed countries Creaking public infrastructure Roads, Healthcare, Urban transport, civic amenities such as sanitation are becoming inadequate to serve residents Poor quality of life The combination of all the above factors has an adverse effect on health, experience & general well-being of urban residents in India Engines of national growth 60% of India s GDP comes from Urban India, which is expected to go up to 75% in the next 15 years Employment generation Urban centric Technology & Services driven economy has generated maximum jobs in Indian cities Poverty Reduction Urbanization has had a significant rural poverty reduction effect in surrounding rural areas Other benefits Improved access to education, health & social services as compared to rural areas Traditional approach to Urban planning in India is proving to be ineffective in solving the problems accompanying rapid population growth, thus making making urban development unsustainable 5

Objectives of smart urban planning Increase efficiency Reduce expenses Large Scale Urbanization Effectively transforming cities into megacities as population grows beyond 10 million in emerging cities without attracting the disadvantages of urban sprawl Provide good infrastructure Increase efficiency Greater emphasis on efficiency in service delivery to residents in terms of time & cost & giving incentives to residents to choose resource-efficient options Reduce expenses Reduce per capita land consumption & transportation costs through compact, connected & coordinated urban development Provide good infrastructure Such as water, transport, sanitation, reliable utility services that can sustain population growth Smart Urban Planning Attract investments Transparency in governance & above points to attract firms & professionals to smart cities resulting in investments Smart Urban planning will replace traditional urban planning in the era of smart cities to ensure sustainable development & improve quality of life of its residents 6

Key Focus Areas in Smart Urban Planning 7

8 Key Focus areas of smart urban planning Compact Neighbourhoods Develop compact, livable, workable, walkable & transit friendly hubs Eco-cities Concentrate activity in smaller, denser areas Transit-oriented Development Promote Green city development Deploying ICT sensors for environmental measurement & buildings energy consumption evaluation Smart Urban Planning Metropolitan Area Networks Set up Fiber Optic backbones Enable inter-connection of households & enterprises to ultra-high speed networks Maximize access to public transport at all times of day Application of Transportation Demand Management measures

Compact Neighbourhoods Urban Sprawl No defined boundaries of urban spread Endless outward expansion of urban & sub-urban areas the Urban sprawl Inherent high cost of development of land for residential & commercial purposes Introduces inefficiencies in the form of high cost of fuel & time consumption Continuous reduction of green areas Compact Neighborhoods Well specified boundaries of urban spread Compact neighbourhoouds through mixed land use & restrictions on housing design Limited cost of development of land by concentrating activity in smaller & denser areas Promotes efficiency through walkable, transit friendly hubs where it is cost effective to deliver utilities & services Preserves green spaces in and around cities 9

Case study Urban growth in Vancouver vs. Seattle Population growth Urban growth style Compact neighborhood Land use policy Land area used Population of Greater Vancouver grew at a very high pace of 2.6% CAGR from 1986 to 2001 Growth was channeled inward into compact neighborhoods 62% of Vancouver s residents lived in compact neighborhoods in 1986 Farmland protection policies were enacted to prevent urban usage of farmland, resulting in well defined boundaries of urban areas & promotion of compact neighborhoods Estimated size of farmland saved from Urban sprawl ~18,000 acres Population of Seattle grew relatively slower at 1.7% cagr from 1986 to 2001 Growth has been outward, leading to low density & urban areas spreading outside Only 25% of Seattle s residents lived in compact neighborhoods in 2001 Land use policies have been localized & more susceptible to development pressures, resulting in sprawl Compared to Greater Vancouver, Greater Seattle spread three-quarters more land per resident in 2001 Neighborhood density thresholds Rural Less than 1 person per acre: dependent on motor vehicles Car dependent or sprawling 1-12 people per acre: virtually all trips taken by private vehicle Compact or smart growth Transit-oriented 12-40 people per acre: driving declines; transit becomes viable Pedestrian oriented More than 40 people per acre: steep decline in driving & vehicle ownership; walking, cycling & transit flourish *source: www.smart growth.bc.ca 10

Transit Oriented development Residential Highways Commercial Focus on separate development of low density residential areas & Commercial hubs connected by highways Characterized by Lack of walkable spaces, minimum access to public transport, transit ridership Inefficient development as it promotes personal vehicle usage, resulting in high cost of transportation & time wasted in traffic Results in high pollution, health problems for residents Mixed Land Use Mixed use residential & commercial area with focus on maximizing access to public transport Characterized by compact, walkable communities centered around high quality transit systems Efficient development with transit stop at center surrounded by high-density development with low density development spreading outward typically located within a radius of less than 1 km. Promotes walking, cuts down transport costs & time in transit Results in less pollution, less dependence on driving & higher quality of life for residents 11

Case study Rosslyn Ballston Corridor, Arlington, VA Rosslyn Ballston Corridor, which was once a declining commercial corridor was transformed into a thriving & developing center through Transit Oriented Development Background Declining low-density commercial corridor 30 years ago in Rosslyn Ballston Corridor Opportunity of development by channeling growth into livable communities near transit Transit Oriented Development initiative Local government decided to focus development around 5 closely spaced railway stations Care was taken to ensure Neighborhoods are short walk from stations Outcome Enormous amount of development in the corridor Land value around stations increased 81% in 10 years Low property tax rates High revenue generation : 8% of county land generates about 33% of county revenues 50% residents take transit to work; 73% walk to stations *source: www.epa.gov 12

Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) Traditional TSP driven internet access Focus on multiple ISPs providing independent internet access to households & institutions through own networks Characterized by legacy ICT infrastructure with low capacity to meet future demands for high speed data access by growing population & increasing number of enterprises & institutions Resulting in poor quality data access with limited band-width MAN driven high speed Internet access Focus on interconnection of households & local enterprises to ultrahigh speed networks. MANs are typically not owned by a single organization MAN deployed in smart cities enable interconnection of networks in city to larger network typically by bridging LANs with backbones Typically implemented by setting up of Fiber Optics backbones Results in widespread dissemination of information to public such as that pertaining to healthcare & transportation, and enables high speed internet access for residents & institutions, thus attracting investments 13

Case study Cedar Falls Municipal broadband network CFU Municipal broadband network has transformed Cedar Falls into an attractive destination for several firms due its ultra-high speed fiber optic backbone Background Municipal broadband network in Cedar Falls, Iowa, one of the oldest Government owned networks in USA Built by Cedar Falls Utilities in early 1990s as municipal communications utility providing only cable service Municipal broadband network initiative By 1997, utility began offering Internet service via city wide hybrid fiber/coaxial Ethernet network with speeds of 10 Mbps In 2010, coaxial cables were replaced with fiber optics which allowed speeds up to 1 Gbps Outcome Customers pay about USD 200 less each year for internet service as compared to residents in other communities in Iowa Influenced several firms to relocate to Cedar Falls, thereby attracting investments Google named Cedar Falls as the best city in Iowa for e-commerce due to its municipal fiber optic network *source: www.nyls.edu 14

Eco-cities Traditional City development Focus on rapid & large scale urbanization leading to challenges relating to resource conservation & environmental sustainability Impact is visible on major areas: water pollution, waste management, air pollution, energy demand & land utilization Inefficient development as it results in unsustainable development & adversely affects the well being of its residents Eco-City Development Focus on incorporating environment into the city development by eliminating carbon waste, produce energy entirely through renewable sources, at the same time stimulating economic growth Promotes integrated land use, low carbon emissions, reduce per capita waste generation, increase green transportation, increase renewable energy usage, solid waste recycling A key tool to enable the above is by deploying sensors for environmental & energy consumption measurements supported by ICT infrastructure deployed alongside smart city infrastructure enabling monitoring & control Results in real time monitoring of data, effective planning & control leading to long term sustainable development of smart cities 15

Case study Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city is a joint initiative between China & Singapore to develop model Eco- City in China Background Acute challenge in developing urban areas in environmentally friendly way in China Most development pressure in central & east while west China is underdeveloped Huge challenge in environmentally sustainable development in face of urban migration Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City In 2007, Singapore & China signed an agreement to jointly develop the city as Eco-city To be developed on non-arable land facing water shortage in growth area of North East China Performance Indicators Performance indicators help separate eco-city development from conventional development. KPIs for Tianjin Eco-City: o KPIs set for Air quality, Daily water consumption per person, amount of domestic waste, proportion of renewable energy usage, proportion of green trips Large scale sensors & ICT network will be needed to monitor different resources & control them to achieve KPIs *source: www.nyls.edu 16

Role of Telcos in Smart Urban Planning 1 7

Role of Telcos in Smart Urban Planning Smart City structure Involved parties Utilities management companies Public administrators Other stakeholders Citizens Public & Private Stake holders Device Layer Software Layer Data Collection Data Processing Device management Smart sensors Smart meters IP surveillance cameras Public internet access Data intelligence Connecting cables Communication links Other active & passive devices System Integration play Managed services players System Integrators Equipment & Hardware suppliers Telcos with their vast technical expertise can play a major role in System Integration & managed services responsibilities in smart cities planning & development 18

Opportunity Size 1 9

Opportunity assessment Value chain Smart Cities About INR 7 BN has been earmarked for smart cities development in India. The figure is expected to increase going forward & a major proportion is expected in smart planning & growth 20