1. General During the expansion of the database on road accidents with casualties in the Central Bureau of Statistics, which deals with the physical perspective of accidents, the need arose for an analysis of the economic perspectives of road accidents. The cost of road accidents is based on various cost components: Direct and indirect costs of bodily injury, which include medical expenses, assistance and nursing care, and work disability; human costs, which include pain and suffering; as well as elements of property damage, time lost due to traffic congestion caused by the accident, administrative costs (handling by the authorities), and damage to the environment. This chapter examines data of casualties who were recognized as casualties of work-related road accidents by the National Insurance Institute, as well as the benefits and pensions they received (in those cases where benefits were received). Note that the National Insurance Institute pays benefits to casualties of road accidents only when those road accidents are defined as work-related accidents (this definition is presented in the Section on Definitions in the Introduction of this publication). This chapter does not examine additional rights and benefits provided by the State through the National Insurance Institute, which casualties are sometimes entitled to, such as: Medical and rehabilitation expenses, professional training expenses, handicapped sticker, etc. The chapter below is based on a comparison between the files of casualties who were recognized as casualties of work-related road accidents by the National Insurance Institute for injury in a road accident that occurred from 2004-2010, and the data of road accidents with casualties ("R.A." type accidents and "General with casualties" type accidents, including the Judea and Samaria Area), which are obtained from the Police and that occurred during these years. Goal of the Comparison of Files: 1. An analysis of the cost of road accidents that is paid by the National Insurance Institute to casualties of work-related road accidents, as part of the analysis of the cost of road accidents to the State. 2. Additional information for the Central Bureau of Statistics database on road accidents. 3. Understanding the scope of the Police's missing information regarding casualties of workrelated road accidents that are recognized by the National Insurance Institute as casualties of road accidents, but were not found in the Police records. - 227 -
2. Main Findings The data on benefits for casualties of work-related road accidents, which include the benefits of "injury allowance", "work disability", and "dependents' pension", were integrated at the CBS with the Police data. Following are the main findings: Following work-related road accidents with casualties that occurred from 2004-2010, approximately 83% of the casualties that were recognized as casualties of work-related road accidents by the National Insurance Institute ("injury allowance" and/or "work disability"), were reported to the Police (located in Israel Police files as involved in road accidents with casualties). These casualties received approximately 85% of the sum that was paid to casualties of work-related road accidents by the National Insurance Institute. In addition, approximately 86% of the persons killed for which the "dependents' pension" was received were reported to the Police. The dependents of these persons killed received approximately 85% of the sum that was paid to dependents of persons killed (see Terms, Definitions and Explanations, Ch. 3). Table A. Casualties in Road Accidents who were Recognized as Casualties of Work- Related Road Accidents Total 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Casualties in the injury allowance file received from the National Insurance Institute 118,151 16,843 16,528 17,398 18,137 18,026 17,594 13,625 Thereof: Casualties that were reported to the Police Absolute numbers 98,583 14,158 13,953 14,719 15,353 14,839 14,371 11,190 Percentages 83 84 84 85 85 82 82 82 Table B. Casualties in Road Accidents who were Recognized as Casualties of Work- Related Road Accidents, and were Reported to the Police Total 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Recognized as casualties of workrelated road accidents 98,583 14,158 13,953 14,719 15,353 14,839 14,371 11,190 Received only injury allowance 59,359 8,539 8,093 8,651 9,018 8,691 8,576 7,791 Received only work disability benefits 1,995 354 328 335 314 340 285 39 Received injury allowance and work disability benefits 14,891 2,381 2,405 2,305 2,548 2,434 2,207 611 Did not receive any payment (1) 22,338 2,884 3,127 3,428 3,473 3,374 3,303 2,749 (1) Not absent from work or absent from work less than 12 days (until April 2005 - less than nine days). Additional explanations can be found in Section 3 - Terms, Definitions and Explanations. - 228 -
Table C. Persons Killed for Whom "Dependents' Pension" was Received from the National Insurance Institute Total 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009(1) 2010(1) Number of dependents absolute numbers 240 48 33 33 43 53 22 8 Number persons killed absolute numbers 228 45 31 31 42 49 22 8 Percentage of persons killed who were reported to the Police (2) 86 90 84 86 88 82 92 80 (1) Since it is possible to submit a claim for payment of allowances up to 12 months after the accident, there are casualties that have not yet filed a claim for an accident that occurred to them, or have filed a claim and have not yet received payment for their claim (by 31.12.10). Data on these casualties are missing from the current findings, and will be published in the next year. (2) Percentage of persons killed for whom dependents' pension was received in the Police file, of total persons killed for whom dependents' pension was received. Of the total casualties of work-related road accidents in 2010, which were recognized as casualties of work-related road accidents by the National Insurance Institute and were reported to the Police, approximately 29% were recorded in an "R.A." type road accident file, and all the rest were in a "General with casualties" type file, a percentage similar to that of total road accidents recorded by the Police. Table D. Percentage of Casualties of Work-Related Road Accidents in 2009 and 2010, which were Recognized as Casualties of Work-Related Road Accidents by the National Insurance Institute and were Reported to the Police, of the Total Casualties of Road Accidents with Casualties (General + R.A. files, including Judea and Samaria Area), by Severity of the Casualty Percentages Severity of the Injury Percentage of casualties of workrelated road accidents out of total casualties of road accidents 2009 2010 (1) Total casualties 12 10 Persons killed 12 7 Serious injury 18 14 Slight injury 12 10 (1) The number of casualties in work-related road accidents in 2010 is not final, since there are claims to be submitted to the National Insurance Institute that were not yet submitted/not yet approved by 31.12.10. In order to clarify the magnitude of the percentage of casualties of work-related road accidents in a year out of the total casualties of road accidents, 2009 is presented in the table. In 2010, approximately 30% of the casualties recognized as casualties of work-related road accidents by the National Insurance Institute were injured in accidents that occurred in nonurban roads, a percentage similar to that of total road accidents with casualties. - 229 -
Table E. Casualties of Work-Related Road Accidents in 2004-2010 Who Received Payment from the National Insurance Institute for Their Injury and that were Reported to the Police, and the Benefits (Injury Allowance and Work Disability) Received, by Age Age Casualties that were Reported to the Police Number of casualties (2) Absolute numbers Percentages Injury allowance and work disability benefits (thousands of NIS) (1) Absolute numbers Percentages Total 76,245 100.0 1,057,342 100.0 14-19 1,600 2.0 14,172 1.0 20-24 9,086 12.0 71,411 7.0 25-29 13,246 17.0 120,085 11.0 30-34 11,829 16.0 143,093 14.0 35-44 17,381 23.0 275,719 26.0 45-54 13,384 18.0 246,714 23.0 55-64 8,097 11.0 161,849 15.0 65+ 6,221 2.0 24,300 2.0 (1) At current prices. Paid by 31.12.10. (2) There are casualties who received both injury allowance and work disability benefits from the National Insurance Institute; in this table each one is counted only once. Since this publication deals with work-related casualties, the data in the table relate to injured persons who received payment from the National Insurance Institute when they are at the age of participation in the labour market. It can be seen that the proportion of casualties up to age 34 is higher than their proportion in receiving funds from benefits. After this age, the trend reverses. This phenomenon can be explained because at the age at which a worker accumulates work seniority and experience, his wage increases, and in direct relation to this, the injury allowance/work disability to which he is entitled increases as well. The injury allowances paid by the National Insurance Institute to a person injured in a workrelated road accident in 2004-2010 were, on average, NIS 5,850 per casualty. - 230 -
Table F. Aggregate Amounts Paid by the National Insurance Institute through 31.12.10 to Casualties of Work-Related Road Accidents that Occurred from 2004-2010 (Benefits: "Injury Allowance", "Work Disability" and "Dependents' Pension"), by Year of Accident NIS Thousand Total Year of Accident 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total 1,323,817 228,765 218,345 215,099 211,714 207,238 164,455 78,201 Paid to casualties that were reported to the Police 1,118,761 196,464 187,655 180,152 182,397 172,066 135,837 64,190 Paid to casualties that were not reported to the Police 205,056 32,302 30,690 34,947 29,317 35,172 28,618 14,011 Table G. Amounts Paid by the National Insurance Institute through 31.12.10 to Casualties of Work-Related Road Accidents that Occurred in 2010 and were Reported to the Police (Benefits: "Injury Allowance", "Work Disability" and "Dependents' Pension"), by Severity of Injury NIS Thousand Severity of Injury in Police Records Total Injury Allowance Work Disability Dependents' Pension Total 64,190 54,589 9,243 358 Persons killed 358 358 Severe injuries 5,086 3,476 1,610 Light injuries 58,238 50,626 7,612 Not known (Uninjured driver)(1) 509 488 21 (1) A driver whom the police, was recorded as an uninjured driver, who was nevertheless absent from work, and was recognized by the National Insurance Institute as being a casualty in a work-related road accident. Note: There are casualties who have not yet submitted claims for accidents that occurred in 2010, or who submitted a claim and had not yet received payment for their claim (by 31.12.10). Data on these casualties will appear in a future file which will be received for the years 2004-2011. - 231 -
Table H. "Work Disability" Benefit Paid by the National Insurance Institute to Casualties of Work-Related Road Accidents that Occurred from 2004-2010 and that were Reported to the Police, by Year of the Accident and Year of Payment Thousands of NIS Year of Payment (1) Year of Accident (1) Total 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total 623,035 3,477 28,090 65,124 93,458 113,590 146,605 172,693 2004 120,208 3,477 25,300 29,004 22,312 15,552 12,523 12,041 2005 118,913 2,790 31,270 30,700 21,458 18,572 14,123 2006 112,210 4,850 35,307 30,990 22,707 18,356 2007 105,920 5,139 39,985 37,716 23,080 2008 92,229 5,605 46,291 40,333 2009 64,311 8,795 55,516 2010 9,243 9,243 (1) The year of payment is the calendar year in which the payment was made by the National Insurance Institute to the casualty of a work-related road accident, which occurred in any year (year of the accident). Table I. "Dependents' Pension" Benefit Paid by the National Insurance Institute to Relatives of Casualties of Work-Related Road Accidents that Occurred from 2004-2010 and that were Reported to the Police, by Year of the Accident and Year of Payment Thousands of NIS Year of Payment (1) Year of Accident (1) Total 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total 61,418 645 4,157 5,303 7,932 12,007 14,324 17,050 2004 17,479 645 3,388 2,618 2,561 2,583 2,716 2,969 2005 12,659 769 2,365 2,222 2,370 2,405 2,527 2006 8,967 321 2,003 2,564 2,070 2,010 2007 9,793 1,147 3,063 2,637 2,946 2008 9,499 1,428 3,939 4,132 2009 2,663 556 2,107 2010 358 358 (1) The year of payment is the calendar year in which the payment was made by the National Insurance Institute to the casualty of a work-related road accident, which occurred in any year (year of the accident). - 232 -
3. Terms, Definitions, and Explanations The definitions below are unique for the Chapter on the Economic Cost of Road Accidents Benefits Paid by the National Insurance Institute to Casualties of Work-Related Road Accidents 1 Work-Related Road Accidents: a Road accident that occurred while in the midst of and as a result of work, including accidents while on the way to and from work, and in circumstances as detailed in law. Injury Allowance: A benefit paid by the National Insurance Institute to an insured person who underwent a work accident, and especially a work-related road accident/on the way to work/on the way from work, for the days in which the insured person was absent from his work due to the accident, since he was incapable of working (not his own job and not any other suitable work) and required medical treatment. Injury allowance is paid for up to 13 weeks (91 days), at the most, counting from the day after the injury. There are casualties that were recognized as casualties of work-related road accidents but did not receive payment for the following reasons: A. A worker who was not absent from work due to the accident, who received an authorization in principle from the National Insurance Institute that entitles him to submit an application to receive other benefits from the National Insurance Institute, such as medical treatment. B. A self-employed worker who was absent from work due to a work-related road accident for a period of not more than 12 days (up to April 2005 up to nine days). C. An employee who was absent from work due to a work-related road accident for less than three days. A worker who was absent from work for a period of more than 12 days receives a payment for these days from the National Insurance Institute. If the worker is an employee, and was absent from work for three days or more, the employer pays the first 12 days (up to April 2005 first nine days) and the National Insurance Institute pays the rest of the absence. Note that in certain cases the National Insurance Institute pays the worker for all the absent days, including the first 12 days, and subsequently the National Insurance Institute receives reimbursement from the employer. In these cases, the entire amount is included in the tables. 1 The definitions in this chapter are based on National Insurance Institute definitions. - 233 -
Work Disability Benefit: This is a benefit paid by the National Insurance Institute to an insured person who was rendered incapable of working due to a work-related injury, and he is no longer capable of doing work that someone of his age and gender are able to do. The claim for work disability benefit is taken into consideration only if a claim for injury allowance is submitted previously, and the injury was recognized as work-related (someone who returned to work at the end of the time period for which he was paid injury allowance is allowed to submit a claim as well). Work disability benefit is paid as a monthly pension or a one-time grant, depending on the level of disability and whether this level is stable or permanent. Dependents' Pension: This is a pension paid by the National Insurance Institute to the family members of an insured person who had work-related injury insurance (an employee or selfemployed worker), who died as a result of a work-related injury (work accident or professional disease), as well as someone who volunteered and died due to his volunteer activities. 4. Sources of the Data This chapter compares data from two different sources: Israel Police and the National Insurance Institute. In order to make the comparison the need arose for identical data in each one of the files. This publication is based on three types of files: 1. "Injury allowance" files of the National Insurance Institute: The files contain data on people that were recognized as casualties of work-related road accidents by the National Insurance Institute for accidents that occurred from 2004-2010. 2. "Dependent's pension" files of the National Insurance Institute: The files contain data on people who were recognized by the National Insurance Institute as dependents of those killed in work-related road accidents for accidents that occurred from 2004-2010. 3. The Police file of those involved with road accidents with casualties for 2004-2010: The file includes "R.A." files and "General with casualties" files. 5. Methodology A. The population investigated Casualties recognized as casualties of work-related road accidents by the National Insurance Institute, that is, casualties who submitted an application to the National Insurance Institute to receive benefits of "injury allowance" and/or "work disability" and relatives of casualties who submitted an application to receive benefits and/or "dependents' pension" as a result of a work-related road accident, and their application was approved. - 234 -
B. The period investigated The information is this publication relates to casualties of road accidents that occurred from 2004-2010. C. Method of investigation Integration of data received from police administrative files and "injury allowance and work disability" and "dependents' pension" files from the National Insurance Institute, which includes integration at the individual level (the identifying data that served as a link between files were the I.D. number and date of the accident). D. Working with data 1. The data received undergo a quality check at the CBS that includes logical testing, editing, encoding, completion and imputation for missing data, as deemed appropriate. 2. Integration of data from different sources by I.D. number and completion of the integration by date of accident. 3. Quality check of the integration. E. Reliability of data 1. On February 15 each year, the CBS receives files from the Israel Police and the National Insurance Institute for the last time. The Police file contains data for the previous year and the National Insurance Institute file includes data from previous years, therefore the updating of the data and its quality are correct to that date. 2. As opposed to the Police data, the National Insurance Institute data are updated each year, following the continued National Insurance Institute payments to casualties of previous years and as a continuation to submitted claims and their approval. 3. The data is correct as of 15.2.2011. There are casualties who have not yet submitted a claim for a road accident which occurred in 2010, or submitted a claim and have not yet received payment for their claim. Data on these casualties will appear in a future file for the years from 2004-2011; thus, the data will be updated each year. 4. Of the casualties who received the National Insurance Institute benefits as a result of their injury in a road accident, 17% were not reported to the police. Possible reasons for this are: a. Differences in definitions: There are accidents that are considered road accidents by the National Insurance Institute, but are not considered road accidents by the Police, such as accidents of non-motor vehicles (especially bicycles) without a motor vehicle's involvement in the accident, damage by a vehicle that caused only bodily damage, etc. - 235 -
F. Tables b. A casualty of a work-related road accident who submits a claim to the National Insurance Institute must attach a Police report if the accident was reported to the Police, or approval of an insurance company claim following the accident. It could be that the accident was not reported to the police, and hence it is not in the Police files. In this chapter there are seven tables. The tables include "uninjured driver" as well a driver whom the police recorded as an uninjured driver, who was nevertheless absent from work and was recognized by the National Insurance Institute as being a casualty in a work-related road accident. The benefits of "work disability" and "dependents' pension" are generally paid as monthly pensions that begin with the approval of providing the benefit and continue for many years. This is the reason why the "work disability"/"dependents' pension" benefits that have been paid by 31.12.10 for casualties of work-related road accidents that occurred in 2004 are significantly higher than the benefit paid until this day for the casualties of workrelated road accidents in 2010. The first table relates to payments of the National Insurance Institute for casualties of work-related road accidents, whether they are found in Police records or not. The rest of the tables deal with casualties of work-related road accidents that are found in the Police records and the monetary receipts received from the National Insurance Institute. Two tables are presented for each type of benefit ("injury allowance", "work disability", and "dependents' pension"): A table that contains physical data on benefit recipients and a table that contains monetary data at current prices (NIS thousand) for those casualties. - 236 -