WIRELESS SCREEN SHARING USING RASPBERRY PI GOH CHEE WEI UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

WIRELESS SCREEN SHARING USING RASPBERRY PI GOH CHEE WEI UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

i WIRELESS SCREEN SHARING USING RASPBERRY PI GOH CHEE WEI Submitted to the Faculty of Electrical Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical-Telecommunication) Faculty of Electrical Engineering University Teknologi Malaysia JUNE 2014

Dedicated, in thankful appreciation for support, encouragement and understandings to my family. iii

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to thank to my supervisor, Dr Bruce Leow Chee Yen for the guidance and enthusiasm given throughout the progress of this project. My appreciation also goes to my family who has been so tolerant and supports me throughout all these years. Thanks for loving me and support me as well. I would also like to thanks to my all classmates and friends who always give me advices and supports. Thank you all so much.

v ABSTRACT In some scenarios the screen size of the smart phones is a limiting factor. It is not only dissatisfying to watch movies with a small screen but it is also inconvenient to share screen content to multiple audience at the same time. Therefore, screen sharing from smart phones to external display with larger screen size such as televisions and projectors is needed. Seamless wireless screen sharing is a method of sharing smart phones content to external display wirelessly (WiFi). The Android smart phone will send its content wirelessly to hardware; the hardware will act as a repeater and send the same content to external display device. This project proposes to design a low-cost wireless screen sharing system for Android smart phones. The hardware of the proposed system consists of a Raspberry Pi, a credit-card-sized lowcost computer attached to the external display which will be programmed to enable seamless wireless screen sharing between smart phones and external displays. The proposed system enables Android users to wirelessly mirror screen content such as picture, videos, presentations, games etc. to external display. The proposed system can be used in universities, companies and even at home for the purposes of study, work and entertainment. A survey is carried out to gather feedback from the users regarding the end product of the proposed system. From the results of the questionnaire, most of the respondents are Android users and they want their university and house to be equipped with screen mirroring technology. They are willing to pay between RM150 to RM200 to buy the proposed product. However, they suggest that the next version of this product to fix the synchronization problem between audio and video. Overall, a majority of the respondents are satisfied with the performance of the proposed product.

vi ABSTRAK Dalam beberapa senario saiz skrin telefon pintar adalah satu faktor menghadkan. Ia bukan sahaja tidak memuaskan untuk menonton filem dengan skrin kecil tetapi ia juga menyusahkan untuk berkongsi kandungan skrin untuk penonton berbilang pada masa yang sama. Oleh itu, perkongsian dari telefon pintar untuk paparan luaran dengan saiz skrin yang lebih besar seperti televisyen dan projektor skrin diperlukan. Perkongsian skrin wayarles lancar adalah satu kaedah berkongsi kandungan telefon pintar untuk paparan luaran secara wayarles (WiFi ). Telefon pintar Android akan menghantar kandungannya secara wayarles kepada perkakasan; perkakasan akan bertindak sebagai pengulang dan menghantar kandungan yang sama pada peranti paparan luaran. Projek ini mencadangkan untuk mereka bentuk satu sistem perkongsian skrin wayarles kos rendah untuk Android telefon pintar. Perkakasan sistem yang dicadangkan terdiri daripada Raspberry Pi, komputer kos rendah bersaiz kad-kredit yang bersambung dengan paparan luaran akan diprogramkan bagi membolehkan perkongsian skrin wayarles yang lancar antara telefon pintar dan paparan luar. Sistem yang dicadangkan ini membolehkan pengguna Android untuk mencerminkan kandungan skrin seperti gambar, video, persembahan, permainan dan lain-lain secara wayarles kepada paparan luar. Sistem yang dicadangkan ini boleh digunakan di universiti-universiti, syarikat-syarikat dan juga di rumah untuk tujuan pembelajaran, kerja dan hiburan. Satu kajian dijalankan untuk mengumpul maklum balas daripada pengguna mengenai produk yang dicadangkan. Daripada keputusan soal selidik ini, kebanyakan responden adalah pengguna Android dan mereka mahu universiti dan rumah mereka dilengkapi dengan teknologi perkongsian skrin wayarles. Mereka sanggup membayar antara RM150 hingga RM200 untuk membeli produk yang dicadangkan. Walau bagaimanapun, mereka mencadangkan bahawa versi berikutnya bagi produk tersebut untuk menyelesaikan masalah penyegerakan antara audio dan video. Secara keseluruhannya, majoriti daripada responden berpuas hati dengan prestasi produk yang dicadangkan.

vii LIST OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE DECLARATION OF THESIS DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT ANSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ii iii iv v vi vii ix x 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Problem Statement 2 1.3 Objective of Project 3 1.4 Scope of Project 4 2 THEORY AND LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 H.264 5 2.3 Peer-to-Peer 6 2.4 Android API Levels 6 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 8 3.2 Hardware Implementation 9 3.3 Software Implementation 9 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction 11 4.2 Adapter Analysis 11 4.3 Application Analysis 12 4.4 Distance Analysis 16 4.5 Questionnaire Analysis 17

viii 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION PAGE 5.1 Conclusion 25 5.2 Recommendation 25 6 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 6.1 Introduction 26 6.2 Project Schedule 26 6.3 Cost Estimation 29 REFERENCES 30 APPENDICES 31

ix LIST OF TABLES TABLE TITLE PAGE 6.1 Project Gantt Chart (Semester One and Two) 28 6.2 Total cost estimation of the project 29

x LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE PAGE 2.1 The H.264 video coding and decoding process 6 2.2 The API Levels of Android 7 3.1 The block diagram of wireless screen sharing 9 3.2 The Android built-in function of screen 10 mirroring 3.3 Flow chart of the methodology of the project 10 4.1 Vertical view on LCD monitor 12 4.2 Horizontal view or full screen view on LCD 12 monitor 4.3 Testing on game application 13 4.4 Testing on video application 13 4.5 Testing on power point (pptx file) 14 4.6 Testing on PDF file 14 4.7 Testing on browsing internet purpose 15 4.8 The flow chart of the stages when source device 16 connects to sink device 4.9 10 meters from projector 17 4.10 The number of Android smartphone users among 18 the respondents 4.11 Different tasks prefer to use in university 19 4.12 The number of respondents prefer screen 20 mirroring technology use in their university 4.13 The number of respondents prefer screen 20 mirroring technology use in their house 4.14 The tasks prefer use in house 21 4.15 The satisfaction level of this product 22 4.16 Improvements expected in next version 22 4.17 Affortable budget range of this product 23 4.18 Payable budget range of this product 24 4.19 Free of charge with advertisements buffer 24

1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Wireless screen sharing is a method used to share content of the smart phones to an external screen device only if two devices have the access of WiFi. It is unlike conventional screen sharing using cable connections such as VGA, DVI and HDMI. In other words, wireless screen sharing enables content mirroring from one device (source) to another device (sink). The source is normally a small screen device while a sink is a larger screen display. Wireless screen sharing technique is widely used and has been standardized as Miracast standard by Wi-Fi Alliance [8]. The technique used by the wireless screen sharing is Wi-Fi Direct which is known as perto-peer (P2P) for device discovery, pairing and connectivity. Smartphone is a mobile phone which is equipped with mobile operating systems like Android (Google), ios (Apple), Symbian (Nokia), Blackberry OS (Blackberry Ltd), etc. Smart phones combine the functions of a personal digital assistant (PDA) and mobile phone. Smart phones consist of compact digital cameras, video cameras, GPS navigation units, touch screens, web browsers, WiFi, mobile broadband and other sensors. Smart phones have benefited the hand phone users through multitasking. Users do not need to bring cameras, laptop, GPS but only a smart phone to perform a multitude of tasks. Android is an operating system designed for touch screen mobile phones. It is first developed by Android, Inc. However, Google acquired it in year 2005.

2 Android is a popular operating system because it is open source and it allows the software to be modified or distributed by the device manufactures, wireless carriers and enthusiast developers. Android application is normally written either by C/C++ and Java. Android applications (apps) can now be downloaded from Google Play and most applications are free of charge. Raspberry Pi is a low-cost credit-card sized single board compueter with 700MHZ ARM1176JZF-S core (CPU) and have up to 512MB of RAM developed by Raspberry Pi Foundation (UK). It has GPU, USB 2.0 port, video output, Ethernet controller and other features. The main feature of Raspberry Pi is it uses an SD card for booting and long-term storage. In order to use it, an operating system (OS) must be installed onto an SD card. 1.2 Problem Statement Watching videos or movies with smart phones is dissatisfying although smart phones have many applications. It is inconvenient to watch videos and movies with a small screen and it is difficult to share screen content to many friend simultaneously. For instance, it is difficult for a user to watch a video using a smart phone together with multiple friends. The user and his or her friends will need to sit very close to each other just to watch that video, which is an uncomfortable experience. If users connect their smart phones to an external display such as projector using cable, the limited cable length confines the users movement. Users only manage to control the screen by standing near to the cable. In addition, it is also inconvenient to plug in the display cable for every presentation. Setting or configuring the display screen is another troublesome and time-consuming task. As an example, for a class having group presentations, it will take in average about 5 minutes to set up the connection between laptop and projector for each group. If they are having 6 groups in a class, it will take up to 30 minutes just for set up the connection between these devices. Therefore, many

3 students and lecturers are not satisfied with the time consumed to set up the connection between projector and laptop. This is also unable to track the projector s cable if there are many other messy cables. This is a waste of time to find the projector s cable and dust will be accumulated on the surface of cables. Other than that, smart phone users need an adaptor to make a connection with a projector. The cost of the converter is usually expensive. Market survey shows that the world's smartphone market grew 47 percent year-on-year to reach 230 million units in the second quarter of 2013, with the Android OS installed on a record 80 percent of devices. Nowadays, users of worldwide watch 4 billion hours each month on YouTube. Therefore, it is a demand of streaming video to external display. It is quickly noticed by Android. Recently, Android has developed the version of 4.2 to support secondary displays (wireless display) to solve the high demand of video streaming in the market. The wireless screen sharing devices are quickly developed by Intel (WiDi), Chromecast (Google) and Baidu (from China). However, it is only support smart TV. Therefore, this project proposes to develop an universal wireless screen sharing system where all Android smartphones with can perform screen sharing to Yvs and projectors. In addition, the TV or projector does not necessarily need to be smart TV or smart projector. 1.3 Objective of Project The reason of proposing the project is to address the issue of screen sharing among smart phone users in universities, companies and at home for the purpose of presentation and entertainment. The first objective is to implement an adapter (Raspberry Pi) to perform screen mirroring from source device (Android phone) to sink device using WiFi. Second objective is to provide simple functions like power point presentation, listening to music, access to PDF file and other applications. Third objective is to perform real-time control of the sink device by using Android phones within 10 meters.

4 1.4 Scope of Project The proposed project requires a Raspberry Pi, an Android smart phone and a projector or television. For the hardware part, the off-the-shelf Raspberry Pi will be used. It is necessary to programme Raspberry Pi before it can be used as an adapter for sink device. The software of the Android smartphone is based on an Android software developed by Google which is known as screen mirroring built-in function. An Android smart phone and an external display will be used to test the developed system. After that, a survey will be carried out to investigate the performance and demand of this product. Third, questionnaires will be given to the respondents after showing the product to the respondents.

5 CHAPTER 2 THEORY AND LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This chapter discusses the techniques used or related materials involve in wireless screen sharing. 2.2 H.264 H.264 or Advanced Video Coding is a video compression format standardized for video compression. Video compression is the process of converting digital format into a format with less capacity when it is transmitted or stored [1]. This standard has been applied in the applications such as media player and other personal computer software, mobile devices including telephones and mobile television receivers, Blu-ray Disc TM players and recorders, and internet video streaming. This standard was first published in May 2003. Encoder and decoder are the two main components of the H.264/AVC. As shown in Figure 2.1, the H.264 video encoder carries out prediction, transform and encoding processes to produce a compressed H.264 bitstream and the H.264 video decoder carried out the reverse process of the encoder [2].

6 Figure 2.1 The H.264 video coding and decoding process [2] 2.3 Peer-to-Peer Peer-to-peer is also known as P2P. The P2P network is a distributed network architecture in which all nodes in the network act as clients and servers which provide and consume data and any node can initiate a connection. P2P network is different from the traditional network where it does not has the concept of servers [3]. The P2P network enable sharing of computer resources and services by direct exchange between systems. It means that your computer will connect directly to the user who want to download your files such as videos, songs, album and so on without going through the server. In other words, file transfer is direct (P2P). The P2P network is light and low-cost. In addition, the P2P network has the characteristics of ad hoc network which the network address is not fixed and it can disappear after its work is finished [4]. 2.4 Android API Levels API is known as application programming interface which specifies how software applications interact with each other. In other words, with the help of API levels, we can communicate with the device s built in functionality. The Android

7 platform provides a framework API where applications can use to interact with the underlying Android system. With updating the API levels, users are able to enjoy new or updated functionalities. Each of the API level supports one Android platform version only which can be referred in Figure 2.2. For this project, the minimum API level is 17 which is Android version 4.2. In this API level, Android add Secondary Display functionality which support via the Presentation class in Android 4.2. It allows applications to display the content to the external display screens which are connected to the host or user s mobile device either by using wired connection or Wi-Fi. Therefore, users do need to worry about the way the displays are connected. In addition, Android 1.5 to 2.3 which is from API level 3 to 10 are made for smartphones. However, for tablets is from Android 3.0 to 3.2 which is from API level 11 until 13. If the application is made for tablets, the minimum API level should be equal or above than the API levels for tablets [10]. Figure 2.2 The API Levels of Android [10]

8 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction In this project, a Samsung Galaxy Mega 6.3 smart phone having Android version 4.2 or above will be used as a source device. The source device will transmit the transcoded screen content (H.264) likes video or audio wirelessly to the sink device or hardware (Raspberry Pi). After receiving the content in H.264 format, the sink device will decode the H.264 to original format and send it to the external display devices such as television or projector [7]. The project is basically divided into two parts which is hardware implementation and software implementation. In this project, the hardware used is the off-the-shelf Raspberry Pi. It is necessary to programme Raspberry Pi before it can be used as an adapter for sink device. The software of the Android smartphone is based on an Android software developed by Google which known as screen mirroring built-in function as shown in Figure 3.2. Firstly, the study of the literature review, datasheet of Raspberry Pi will be carried as well as the study of C programming and Java. Next, the code of Raspberry Pi will be designed. Then, it will be installed and programmed onto Raspberry Pi. After these steps are completed, the Raspberry Pi and the Android smart phone will be integrated and undergo test or validation. If it passes the test, it will either be modified or completed. If it does not pass the test, it will definitely go to the process of correction and modification. The summary of methodology is shown in Figure 3.3.

9 Figure 3.1 The block diagram of wireless screen sharing [8] 3.2 Hardware Implementation In this project, no hardware will be implemented. Raspberry Pi will be used in this project. The off-the-shelf 3.3 Software Implementation In this project, Raspberry Pi will be programmed before it can be used as an adapter for sink device. The C/C++ and python languages will be used to write the scritps. Another software of the Android smartphone is based on an Android software developed by Google which known as screen mirroring built-in function shown in Figure 3.3

10 Figure 3.2 The Android built-in function of screen mirroring Figure 3.3 Flow chart of the methodology of the project

11 CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction The Samsung Galaxy Mega 6.3 with Android version 4.2.2 is used to perform screen mirroring with the programmed Raspberry Pi and the Raspberry Pi will be pre-connected to a LCD monitor and projector. The results are obtained and will be discussed in this chapter. 4.2 Adapter Analysis Wireless screen mirroring system has been successfully implemented between source device and sink device which can be shown in Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2. Therefore, the programmed Raspberry Pi is successfully implemented as an adapter to perform screen mirroring from source device (Samsung Galaxy Mega 6.3) to sink device (LCD monitor) or projector wirelessly. Figure 4.1 shows the screen content of Samsung Galaxy Mega 6.3 is being duplicated on the LCD monitor when the phone is vertically oriented. Figure 4.2 shows that the screen on the LCD monitor becomes full screen after turning on the screen rotation (Android built-in function). Thus, in order to enjoy full screen view, the user must turn on screen rotation and hold the phone horizontally as shown in Figure 4.2.

12 Figure 4.1 Vertical view on LCD monitor Figure 4.2 Horizontal view or full screen view on LCD monitor 4.3 Applications Analysis The adapter is able to mirror the screen contents such as video, music, power point, PDF, internet browser and other applications from the source device to sink device which is shown in Figure 4.3 to Figure 4.7. Therefore, it fullfills the second objective of this project. These results show that the adapter is able to mirror every content shown in Android phone to LCD monitor and projector.

13 Figure 4.3 Testing on game application Figure 4.4 Testing on video application

14 Figure 4.5 Testing on power point (pptx file) Figure 4.6 Testing on PDF file

15 Figure 4.7 Testing on browsing internet purpose However, there is about one second delay on the sink device. The delay on the sink device is an expected result as the signal was transmitted wirelessly. Another reason is the software and the hardware need to be fully integrated before the screen mirroring can be performed in real time on the monitor. However, one second delay on sink device is not a desired result. The desired delay time was about 200ms to 500ms to achieve real-time response. In addition, synchronization problem between audio and video is an unexpected result. The audio and video are out-of-sync about one second. The reason of this problem still unknown as the audio and video are assigned to same clock port. Theoretically, when audio and video are assigned to same clock port, the process of audio and video should be started concurrently. Method such as delaying audio playback has been attempted but it fails to solve the problem. Lastly, not all the Android smartphones are able to mirror their phone s content to sink device. Only certain smartphones are able to do it. When the source

16 device connects to the sink device, it goes through four stages which is shown in Figure 4.8. First, the source device will set up WiFi Direct connection with sink device. Second, source device will get the IP address from the sink device as well as the MAC address. Third, the source device will enter the negotiate session parameter with sink device such as screen size, video codec, audio codec, HDCP encryption and others. Lastly, the source will start sending data or signal to sink device. However, some Android smartphones failed before the HDCP session is negotiated. The adapter shows an error message unable to enable screen mirroring. HDCP is not supported by the connected device when certain smartphones try to connect to the sink device. As the current Android source code allows the sink device to negotiate a non-hdcp session. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that some smartphones are patched to allow HDCP only. Figure 4.8 The flow chart of the stages when source device connects to sink device 4.4 Distance Analysis The Samsung Galaxy Mega 6.3 is able to control the sink device either LCD monitor or projector within 10 meters range. Figure 4.9 shows the Samsung Galaxy Mega 6.3 mirroring its content to a projector within 10 meters. The distance can be further increased to 15 meters if ti is in open space area. In this project, a low cost

17 Wi-Fi dongle was used and acted as a receiver to receive the signal sent from the source device. Therefore, the maximum range is not more than 15 meters. In addition, as the distance of the source and sink device increases beyond 10 meters, the images received by the adapter is distorted. The desired distance between source device and sink device will be within 4 to 5 meters, in order to avoid any image distortion on the sink device. Figure 4.9 10 meters from projector 4.5 Questionnaire Analysis A questionnaire survey is conducted on 30 respondents subjects to assess the users' needs of screen mirroring and to gather user feedback on the proposed screen mirroring system. As shown in Figure 4.10, twenty-three or seventy-seven percent of the respondents are Android users. This agrees with the findings that Android has occupied a major portion of the smartphones market. The proposed screen mirroring system is likely to attract demand in the Android market.

18 Figure 4.10 The number of Android smartphone users among the respondents The Figure 4.11 shows that majority of the respondents would like to use the screen mirroring technology to perform power point presentation. This result is obtained because majority of the respondents are students. They prefer power point presentation rather than teaching purpose. From the point of view of lecturers, they prefer teaching purpose rather than power point presentation. Even though the point of view of students and lecturers are different but all of them prefer to use smartphones to perform power point presentation and teaching purpose rather than laptop. As the size of smartphones are much smaller than laptop, users can carry it easily. In addition, slides presentation using smartphone is more convenient compared to laptop. It enable users to move around to interact with the audience and it can function as a laser pointer as well. Therefore, the respondents prefer these tasks to be performed by screen mirroring technology in university.

19 Figure 4.11 Different tasks prefer to use in university After showing and testing the proposed screen mirroring product to the respondents, majority of the respondents like the screen mirroring technology and prefer their university and house to have screen mirroring technology as shown in Figure 4.12 and Figure 4.13. It shows again that this product has high demand in the Android market. Majority respondents would like to enjoy playing game using screen mirroring to duplicate phone s content to a bigger screen device as shown in Figure 4.14. However, only five respondents voted for movie. This might be due to the respondents prefer to watch movie in cinema rather than at home.

20 Figure 4.12 The number of respondents prefer screen mirroring technology use in their university Figure 4.13 The number of respondents prefer screen mirroring technology use in their house

21 Figure 4.14 The tasks prefer use in house As can been seen in Figure 4.15, majority of the respondents are satisfied with the performance of the proposed product. However, they also felt that this product can be improved further to get better performance. As shown in Figure 4.16, majority of the respondents think that synchronization problem should be solved to get a better performance in the next version of this product. This shows that the synchronization problem is an important issue to the respondents.

22 Figure 4.15 The satisfaction level of this product Figure 4.16 Improvements expected in next version

23 In addition, Figure 4.17 shows that the affordable price range of the proposed product is between RM150 to RM200. This is because majority of the respondents are students. They cannot afford to buy this product if it is more than RM200. Consumers always want to buy products with the lowest price and the best performance. Therefore, the respondents prefer to buy this product with the lowest price as well and this is evident in Figure 4.18. Lastly, a majority of the respondents want this product if it is free-of-charge even though it has a start-up of 1 minute of advertisements. This shows that users want the product to be free-of-charge no matter that it has advertisements buffer at the start-up. This can be proved in Figure 4.19. Figure 4.17 Affordable budget range of this product

24 Figure 4.18 Payable budget range of this product Figure 4.19 Free-of-charge with advertisements buffer

25 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Conclusion In conclusion, the wireless screen sharing from source device to sink device has been implemented successfully. The proposed screen mirroring system can support functions such as power point presentation, listening to music, access to PDF file and other applications. However, there is one second delay between source and sink devices. In addition, the synchronization between audio and video is another problem. There is about one second of delay between audio and video. Currently, only certain Android smartphones are able to connect the adapter due to different manufacturer patch on the Android original software. From the results of the questionnaire, most of the respondents are Android users and they want their university and house to be equipped with screen mirroring technology. Other than that, they are willing to pay between RM150 to RM200 to buy the proposed screen mirroring product to perform tasks at home or even in unversity. However, they prefer the next version of this product to be able to improve the synchronization problem between audio and video. Overall, a majority of the respondents are satisfied with the performance of the proposed product. 5.2 Recommendation For future work, the synchronization problem should be solved and the GUI feature of the product should be improved. In addition, the size of the product can be further reduced.

26 CHAPTER 6 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 6.1 Introduction The objective of project management is to accomplish the goals of this project with effective project planning, organizing, and controlling resource within a specified time period. In order to accomplish the goals, the project planning is very important. Therefore, the project schedule has been tabulated on a Grantt chart to provide clear guideline in this specified time period. In addition, cost estimation on the components of this project is carried out to ensure a minimal project cost to achieve the required performance. The components cost will directly affect the product cost which is later sold to the consumers. In order to purchase the components of this project with the lowest cost, a market survey is carried out. The cost of the components are tabulated to compute the final cost. 6.2 Project Schedule Table 6.1 shows the project schedule or Gantt chart for semester one and semester two. For the semester one (from Sep 2013 to Jan 2014), the project is planned to create two software, one for Raspberry Pi hardware and another for Android phone. As shown in Table 6.1, the semester one (from Sep 2013 to Jan 2014) is used to create the Android software only. The hardware is programmed in

27 semester two (from Feb 2014 to June 2014). The project then integrates with the Raspberry Pi adapter with the Android software to form a whole system to undergo test and validation. The Android built-in function is used because Google has updated the Android version in the late semester one (Dec 2013) with a built-in screen mirroring function. Therefore, the plan of this project has been revised and the Android built-in function is used instead of creating a new Android software.

28 Table 6.1 Project Gantt Chart (Semester One and Two) No Activity Sep 13 Oct 13 Nov 13 Dec 13 Jan 14 Feb 14 March 14 April 14 May 14 June 14 1 Study for C++, Java and Android 2 Literature review 3 Search for source code template 4 Design and customize Android software 5 Program and customize hardware 6 Test, validate and modify 7 Report Exercute Follow up

29 6.3 Cost Estimation In this project, the Raspberry Pi is programmed as an adapter for sink device and a Wi-Fi dongle is used to receive signal from source device wirelessly. Therefore, this project only includes the cost of Raspberry Pi and Wi-Fi dongle. The cost of these components are shown in Table 6. In conclusion, a total of RM166 are used to build the proposed screen mirroring system. Table 6.2 Total cost estimation of the project Components Cost Raspberry Pi RM 140 Wi-Fi dongle RM 26 Total RM 166

30 REFERENCES 1. Anthony Vetro, thomas Wiegand and Gary J. Sullivan (2011). Overview of the Stereo and Multiview Video Coding Extensions of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC Standard. Proceedings of the IEEE. 99 (4), 626 642. 2. Iain Richardson, vcodex (2013). An overview of H.264 Advanced Video Coding. Retrieved from http://www.vcodex.com/h264.html 3. Nobuo Saito and Kazuhiro Kitagawa (2007). Overview of Peer-to-Peer Universal Computing Consortium (PUCC): Background, Current Status and Future Plan. Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 2007. CCNC 2007. 4th IEEE. January. Las Vegas, NV, USA, 783-787. 4. Jaydip Sen (2012). Peer-to-Peer Network. Emerging Trends and Applications in Computer Science (NCETACS), 2012 3rd National Conference. 30-31 March. Shilong, iv-v. 5. Lochan Verma and Scott Seongwook Lee (2011), Wireless Display: An Unmet Need in CE Ecosystem. Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN), 2011 Third International Conference. 15-17 June. Dalian, 393-394. 6. Joongheon Kim, BeomJin (Paul) Jeon (2009), Demonstration of Display Sharing over Multi-Gbps Wireless Video and Audio Network. Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 2009. CCNC 2009. 6th IEEE. 10-13 Jan. Las Vegas, NV, 1-2. 7. NVIDIA (2012), NVIDIA Miracast Wireless Display Architecture, Retrieved from http://www.nvidia.com/object/white-papers.html 8. WiFi Alliance (2012), Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Miracast : Extending the Wi-Fi experience to seamless video display, 2012, Retrieved from https://www.wifi.org/knowledge-center/white-papers 9. Intel (2013), Intel Wireless Display for home or work, Retrieved from https://intel.activeevents.com/sf13/connect/sessiondetail.ww?session_id=1134 10. Android Developers, API Level, Retrieved from http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element.html

31 APPENDIX A SET 4824 Final Year Project Section 1 Wireless Screen Sharing Using Raspberry Pi QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Are you an Android smartphone user? Yes No 2. Which of the following task/tasks that you might prefer to use wireless screen sharing in your university? Power point presentation Teaching purpose Other (please state) 3. Do you want your university to have screen mirroring technology? Yes No 4. Do you want your house to have screen mirroring technology? Yes No 5. Which of the following task/tasks that you might prefer to use wireless screen sharing in your house? Gaming Music Movie Online purposes (e.g facebook) 6. Please rate your satisfaction level for this product. (1=lowest, 5=highest) 1 2 3 4 5 7. What improvements do you expect to have in next version of this product? Size of the product GUI feature Sync problem Other (please state)

32 8. Choose one of the ranges of money that you will afford to buy this product. RM150-RM200 RM200-RM250 RM250-RM300 RM300-RM350 9. Choose one of the ranges of money that you are willing to pay for this product. RM150-RM200 RM200-RM250 RM250-RM300 RM300-RM350 10. If this product is free of charge but with a startup of 1 minute of advertisements, do you want it? Yes No