Long step-outs, but avoiding increases in electrical core size AOG 2012, 23 February 2012 Jan van den Akker, Product Manager, Controls
Introduction Power and Communication Distribution Step-out and Voltage Level Summary 2
What do we want? Modular power and communications grid using field-proven technologies Multiple voltages and power consumers (low and high) High-speed data communication Network topology (if one route fails, we have an alternative) Flexibility 3
What do we offer today? Traditionally, power and communications have been distributed in a daisy chain manner (multidrop) Our industry is improving, through joint workgroups like IWIS, SIIS, and MDIS Communication distribution has evolved through the introduction of fiber optics (FO). Smart power distribution is still in its early stages and several subsea vendors are working on improvements An improvement is the introduction of remote-controlled subsea power Switches 4
What can we offer tomorrow? Systems that can cope with increased power demands due to smarter instruments (up to 500 W/SCM) Enough power to also control external equipment such as AUVs, geo observatory stations, etc. Use field-proven high-voltage technology for distribution 5
Introduction Power and Communication Distribution Step-out and Voltage Level Summary 6
Recent project examples Jack & St. Malo GOM 2200 m water depth 25 km step-out CAMTROL control architecture CAMLAN communications FO/DSL 690 VAC power distribution Taurt Ph 1&2 Mediterranean 110 m water depth 72 k m and 83 km step-outs CAMTROL control architecture CAMLAN communications FO/DSL 1200 VDC power distribution PSVM Angola 2200 m water depth 25 km step-out CAMTROL control architecture PSK SOP communications 690 VAC power distribution Tamar Mediterranean 183 m water depth 150 km step-out CAMTROL control architecture CAMLAN communications FO/DSL 1200 VDC power distribution Ivan Pashchenko Subsea Systems
Recent project examples Macedon Western Australia 300 m water depth 95 km step-out CAMTROL control architecture CAMLAN communications FO/DSL 1200 VDC power distribution Liwan China 1500 m water depth 76 km step-out CAMTROL control architecture CAMLAN commsunication FO/DSL 1200 VDC power distribution Tahiti GOM Plangas Brazil 1300 m water depth 8 km step-out CAMTROL control architecture PSK separate communications 690 VAC power distribution 2000 m water depth 22 km step-out CAMTROL control architecture PSK SOP communications 690 VAC power distribution Ivan Pashchenko Subsea Systems
MCS EPU HPU UTA SCM SDU / SAM SCM
Power and Communication Development 10
Communications Distribution: Comparison Conventional Fibre Optic 10,000 x faster Max Speed: 9,6 kbit/sec Half-duplex Bandwidth: shared by SCMs Proprietary interface Optional, 3 rd party interfaces Max speed: 100 MBit/s Full-duplex Bandwidth: 192 kbit/s per SCM Ethernet (TCP/IP) EDU 11
Open Communication Architecture Based on Industrial Ethernet t (TCP/IP) Managed, scalable and expandable Heavy industry-proven technology Subsea Router Module (SRM) or CDU (Cameron) Conversion of FO signal to copper Distribution ib ti of power Several sensor interfaces (e.g. SIIS Level I / II / III and IWIS) Network access for third-party devices Media Type Fiber-optic Ethernet Copper Ethernet DSL Speed 100 MBit/s 10/100 MBit/s 192 kbit/s Distance 160+ km Up to 100 m Up to 36 km 12
Power Distribution 13
How do these nodes interconnect? Level 3 nodes are defined in standards like SIIS and IWIS Communication between level 1 and level 2 uses open architecture But for intelligent and flexible power distribution, constraints on level 2 nodes have to be considered Voltage conversion Power limitations By adding power switching functionality to the level 2 outputs, we can improve Gateway connections can be made switchable by implementing remote power switching in the CDU Current fields utilizing i the newest communication technology use switchable outputs for instruments 14
Examples of remote switching 15
Examples of remote switching No need to activate/connect equipment prior to engagement of power switch Minimize number of Power cycles on control umbilical 16
Examples of remote switching Monitoring of power to check health status Protection of equipment, in case of failures (only equipment connected to switch will be subject to trip) 17
Introduction Power and Communication Distribution Step-out and Voltage Level Summary 18
Cross Section Calculations Field scenarios 1. Manifold with 4-off XTs (5 SCMs in total) 5 x 250 = 1250 W 1350 W 100 W for distribution 2. Manifold with 8-off XTs (9 SCMs in total) 9 x 250 = 2250 W 2350 W 100 W for distribution 19
The Effects of Distance on Cross Section For medium distances, both scenarios are within popular cross-section areas (4 and 10 sq mm) For long distances, cross-section constraints are visible (more than 25 sq mm) 20
The Near Future: Higher Power Requirements Up to to 10 km, cross-section section requirements are still acceptable Between 10 and 50 km, the big field scenario requires more than 25 sq mm, dictating early decisions on topology and future extensions Above 50 km, tremendous cross-section requirements 21
The Medium Future (or nearer) Increased transmission voltage will lower losses Use DC/DC converters at distribution layer Basic technology already in use for all electric trees 22
More Calculation Examples Generic calculations l (150 W/SCM) Standard Cameron electrohydraulic (EH) control system architecture Standard Cameron EH control system equipment Standard industry power transmission and distribution components Qualified and field-proven Characteristics Generic Drill Centre Power distribution Dedicated quad No of SCMs 5 Max input power per SCM 150 W Min SCM input voltage 900 VDC EPU output voltage 1200 VDC Typical cable cross Maximumstepout section, sq.mm distance, km 6 54.8 10 92.2 16 146.7 25 232.1 35 322.0 * Note, the calculations are based on a mid-range SCM input voltage of 900 VDC, which integrates a considerable safety margin. Further increase in step-out distances can be achieved through assuming a lower SCM input voltage, i.e., reducing this margin. 23
Introduction Power and Communication Distribution Step-out and Voltage Level Summary 24
Summary High-speed communications distribution ib ti using open architecture t is field-proven Lack of flexible power distribution is limiting factor Concept of gateway connections helps to visualize the different types of connections Remote power switching subsea adds flexibility and diagnostics Using a common platform for power distribution provides the flexibility to adapt to short and long tiebacks. 25
Thank You Contact Jan van den Akker Product Manager Controls Cameron GmbH Celle, Germany jan.vandenakker@c-a-m.com t. +49 5141 806 955 m. +49 172 545 6932