Durability and Scale-Up of PerovskiteBased Mesoscopic Solar Cells Adriana Paracchino, Nancy Jiang, Paul Murray, Timothy Lee, Celeste Choo, Kristen Tandy, Dongchuan Fu, Francis Au, Taro Sumitomo, Hans Desilvestro, Damion Milliken SWISSPHOTONICS WORKSHOP - 10 September 2015 SUPSI, Lamone (CH)
Device R&D Team (AUS) Metals R&D Team (UK) Materials R&D Team (AUS) Greatcell Solar Team (CH)
Outline Device architectures for CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MALI) solar cells Effect of morphology on the stability of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Stability under light soaking for different device architectures Scale-up of perovskite solar cells Pb I MA E g =1.55 ev 3
Device architectures Porous Carbon cell Spiro cell Glass Glass Transparent Conducting Oxide Mesoporous Metal Oxide Transparent Conducting Oxide Perovskite Light Harvester Hole Transport Material Insulating Metal Oxide Metal Porous Carbon 4 Source: Wuhan 4
Effect of morphology on the stability of CH3NH3PbI3 layer Initial SEM images and sample pictures MAI 10 mg/ml MAI 8 mg/ml MAI 7 mg/ml Large crystals Small crystals 5
Effect of morphology on the stability of CH3NH3PbI3 layer SEM images and sample pictures after 240h at RT and 70%RH MAI 10 mg/ml MAI 8 mg/ml MAI 7 mg/ml More stable Less stable 6
Effect of morphology on the stability of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 layer Initial XRD XRD after 336h at RT + 70%RH 7
Effect of morphology on the stability of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 layer The lower the MAI concentration, the larger the MALI crystal size, and the slower the degradation rate. 8
Stability of devices with different MALI morphology Initial IV Results vs. MALI Morphology Storing in ambient (70%RH) vs. storing under vacuum (no encapsulation) 9
Stability of devices with different MALI morphology Devices stored at RT + 70%RH 10
Stability of devices with different MALI morphology Devices stored at RT + vacuum 11
Stability of devices with different MALI morphology Conclusions Dyesol spiro cells are virtually stable at RT and in dark up to 1000 hours. Crystal size increases : 8 mg/ml 7.5 mg/ml 7 mg/ml J sc increases with increasing crystal size Capping layer density and V oc decrease with increasing crystal size In humid environment (dark), denser capping layer = higher stability. Under vacuum (dark), larger crystals = better stability. 12
Device stability under light soaking. Non encapsulated cells, spiro vs PC 13
Device stability under light soaking. Encapsulated Porous Carbon cells 14
Device stability under light soaking Conclusions Both unencapsulated spiro cells and unencapsulated porous carbon cells showed very good light soaking stability under inert atmosphere. Unencapsulated cells degraded much faster under light soaking with humidity of 5 6% RH light soaking accelerates the reaction of MALI with O 2 and H 2 O. Encapsulated porous carbon cells showed very promising stability under light soaking: after 1000+ h light soaking, less than 10% relative performance degradation in glovebox and in dry room. 15
Scale-up of processes and modules 16
Scale-up of processes and modules Module of porous carbon cells 17
Final conclusions 2-step MALI enables control over morphology via concentration of the MAI solution Morphology determines both initial performance and stability of perovskite solar cells: better performing cells are also more stable. At Dyesol efficiencies on small scale (1 cm 2 ) are 13-14% for spiro cells and 11-12% for porous carbon cells. Porous carbon modules are around 7-8%. Storage stability: for certain morphologies loss in performance after 1000 hours <3% for storage in air and <1% for storage in vacuum Stability under light soaking: after 1000+ hours illumination, encapsulated devices have a <10% loss in performance. 18
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