About risk analyses / risk evaluation

About risk analyses / risk evaluation Tools Examples Practical exercise Thale Henden (HMS-koordinator PA/Medfak) Anne-Kristin Bjørnbakk (Satkkevollan bedriftshelsetjeneste) Karin Lia (HMS-koordinator NFH) 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø

Risk in private life Means of Transport Car Buss Ferry (National Norway) Airplane (National Norway) Pedistrian Railway Motorcycle Tramway Cycle Subway Relative risk (1-10) 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 2

Risk in private life Means of Transport Relative risk (1-10) Relative risk (1-10) Relative death risk compared to travel by car Car 5 1 Buss 7 0.2 Ferry (National Norway) 8 0.1 Airplane (National Norway) 6 0.3 Pedistrian 2 8.6 Railway 7 0.2 Motorcycle 1 10.6 Tramway 4 2.7 Cycle 3 3.8 Subway 6 0.3 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 3

Risk evaluation in everyday life In private you do it without being aware of it to protect your children to protect yourself At work you have to do it: Before going in the field Before going on expedition Before starting up new experiments in the lab 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 4

Risk at work: As low as possible 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 5

Contents Definition, authority requirements Planning risk analysis and risk evaluation Two methods Risk- and vulnerable analysis or Grovanalyse (GA) Safe Job Analysis (SJA) To carry out a risk analysis 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 6

What is risk? Possibility Concequence Def. i NS 5814: Risk is a function of probability and undesired concequences at acute exposure of accidents (ex. fire, explosion, enviromental waste) 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 7

What is risk? Risk designates the danger that undesired events represent for humans, the surroundings or material values. Risk is expressed in the probability and consequences of the undesired events. Consequence Risk Undesired event Probability 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 8

Why evaluate risk? To identify the most important undesired events To prevent accidents and undesired events Authority requirements 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 9

Authority requirements, examples: The Working Environment Act 14... Regulations for chemicals 6 Regulations for work with biological factors 8 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 10

Regulations relating to Systematic Health, Environmental and Safety Activities in Enterprises (544) Internal control entails that the enterprise shall: 1 ensure that those Acts and regulations in the field of health, environmental and safety legislation that apply to the enterprise are accessible, and have an overview of requirements of particular importance for the enterprise Dokumentasjon 2 ensure that the employees have sufficient knowledge of and proficiency in systematic health, environmental and safety activities, including information on changes made 3 ensure employee participation so as to utilise overall knowledge and experience 4 establish health, environmental and safety objectives must be documented in writing 5 have an overview of the enterprise's organisational set-up, including allocation of responsibilities, duties and authority in regard to the work on health, the environment and safety must be documented in writing 6 identify dangers and problems and against this background assess risks; draw up appurtenant plans and measures to reduce such risks must be documented in writing 7 implement routines to uncover, rectify and prevent breaches of requirements established in or pursuant to the health, environmental and safety legislation 8 carry out systematic surveillance and reviews of the internal control system to ensure that it functions as intended must be documented in writing Article 6: must be documented in writing identify dangers and problems and background assess risks; draw up a plans and measures to reduce su 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 11

How evaluate risk? Risk analysis: A systematic approach for describing and/or calculating risk. Involves the identification of undesired events, and the causes and consequences of these events. Risk evaluation: A comparison of the results with acceptance criteria for risk. 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 12

Risk evaluation can be done as simple as this: What can go wrong? What can we do to prevent something going wrong? What can we do to reduce the consequences if something goes wrong? 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 13

Risk evalution methods used at UiT Risk- and vulnerable analysis (Grov analyse GA/ROSmetoden) Safe jobb analysis (SJA) 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 14

Personnel participating in risk evaluation Leader of the department/section leader (always) Person responsible for risk evaluation (UiTø: relevant safety delegates) Responsible for execution of the work Safety-deputies Area technician(s) Executing personnel Personnel with specialist knowledge relevant to the analysis (health services) 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 15

How to complete a risk evalution Opening session Inspection (can be done both physically and theoretically) Closing and summing up session Making a rapport and a priority action plan (Ensure that the action plan is closed) 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 16

Opening session Method (GA or SJA?) Area for risk analysis Activity for risk analysis Acceptance criteria (GA; numbers or words) 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 17

Work site inspection examine the activity consider potential risk factors, hazards, consequences interview, personnel get statistics about accidents, near-accidents, directions for use, procedures, guidelines, reports of revisal, product safety data sheets use standard checklists, note findings and evaluations Do not discuss measures at this point - only if there is hazardous condition that demands instant measures 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 18

Identification of possible dangerous situations such as Mechanical class of risk Thermal... Electric... Chemical... Biological... Ionization... Noice and vibration... Working position... Organizational... Psychososial... And other 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 19

Possible reasons for unwanted situations Inadequate/poor Training Protective equipment Working equipment Routines Commucation Staff Time 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 20

Sum up - meeting After work-site inspection Go through checklists give measure to mitigate risk priority set time limits on schedule person responsible for the task Report, pictures 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 21

Where to use the Risk- and vulnerable analysis primary analysis (GA) To get an overview of potensial areas of risk Can also be used on detailes 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 22

Grovanalyse (GA) Probability High risk Increasing risk Priority of measures Low risk Consequense 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 23

Categories of consequence (GA) Consequences Value Human/Health Enviromental Economical Very serious 4 Very serious illness or damage or death Svært langvarig eller ikkereversibel skade på ytre miljø. Serious 3 Very serious illness or damage - prolonged sick leave Langvarig skade på ytre miljø Lang restitusjonstid. Less serious 2 Illness or damage - sick leave Mindre skade på ytre miljø Lang restitusjonstid Minory 1 Minor injuries - without sick leave Ubetydelig skade på ytre miljø Ingen restitusjonstid Tap av alvorlige skder på kritiske deler av bygg/driftsenhet. Arbeidsstans for større enhet i mer enn ett år. Tap av eller skader på deler av bygningsmasse eller viktige maskiner/instrumenter. Arbeidsstans i mer enn 3 uker. Mindre lokal skade på bygning eller maskiner/instrumenter som (ved behov) kan utbedres i løpet av kort tid. Arbeidsstns i mer enn 1 uke. Ubetydelig påviselig skade på bygning eller maskin/instrument. Arbeidsstans i mindre enn 1 uke. 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 24

Categories of probability (GA) Possibility Value Prescription Very probable 4 I gang pr 14 dag Ones every 14th day Probable 3 Flere ganger årlig Many times a year Less probable 2 Årlig Ones a year Little probable 1 I gang pr 10 år eller mindre One incident in a 10-years period ore less 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 25

23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 26

GA Execution (sum up) Start Define the cause for risk evaluation, activity, limitations and area, persons in work group, acceptance criteria Gather information and analyse Existing guidelines, other measures to mitigate risk, authority requirements (laws, directions, instructions) Describe the undesired event and the cause of the undesired event Estimate the consequences and probability of undesired events Define and analyse potential of improvement (undesired events) Make plans and prior measures Follow-up plan Follow up Execution of measures 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 27

Example 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 28

Safe Job Analysis -SJA - A safe job analysis is a systematic and stepwise review of all risk factors prior to a given work activity or operation Steps can be taken to eliminate or control the identified risk factor during preparation and execution of the work activity or operation 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 29

SJA Area for application Ex. Before going on expeditions Diverge fixed procedures Rare tasks New tasks Use of a new chemical, new methods New job instruction 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 30

SJA- Execution 1. Break down the work into basic steps 2. Identify the risk factors and hazards of each step. Evaluate the likelihood and severity of the consequences, i.e. the risk in each step 3. Describe measures that eliminate or control the hazards 4. Choose responsible personnel Take experience into consideration New measures can give new risk factors. Use the SJA- scheme to document the results of the SJA Review of SJA when new personnel are involved in work Information, meeting 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 31

SJA- Execution Identify possible undesired events and hazards in each step, ex. use a checklist: Use of tools Mobile pieces Cut, stroke Falling pieces Fire, explosive hazards Toxical and caustic chemicals Radiation etc. Identify causes and the results on health, enviroment or economical values 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 32

Task/job: Done by: Date: Activity Risk factors Measures Responsible 1 2 3 4 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 33

Example Task/job: Transport with ATV (four wheel vehicle) and using rubberboat Done by:xxxx Date: Activity Risk factors Measures Responsible Using ATV overturn Planning route Use of helmet Proper training Using rubber boat drowning Flouting equipment 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 34

Risk evalution when working with chemicals/biologicals factors 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 35

Risk evalution when working with chemicals/biologicals factors Identify the risk of each chemicals/ biologicals factor: HSE-data sheet Regulation Rules Your own knowledge 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 36

Spray painting High risk Increasing risk Decreasing the risk, by priority of measures Ordinary work condition Closed system Low risk 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 37

Handling of chemicals Brosjyre fra Arbeidstilsynet som inneholder: Gode råd Sjekkliste Handlingsplan Enkel risikovurdering av kjemisk arbeidsmiljø med bruksanvisning og eksempel 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 38

Litteratur www.pil.no Risikovurdering av kjemiske faktorer i arbeidsmiljøet Grønn serie 3-99 PIL Kjemikaliedagene 2002; Modell for risikovurdering og risikoreduksjon i små virksomheter, yrkeshygieniker Morten Berntsen, Teknologisk Institutt www.arbeidstilsynet.no Best. nr 549, 550, 566, 568, div. brosjyrer www.sft.no Substitusjonsplikten Veileder TA-15715 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 39

SIKKERHET Safety MÅ SKAPES OG GJENSKAPES Must be created and recreated Must be created and recreated Every day 23.01.2009 Universitetet i Tromsø 40