CERGAS Center for Research on Health and Social Care Management Area of Global Health and Development Activity Report 2008-2010 Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi
Contents Research 4 Training and Teaching 8 Feasibility Studies, Evaluations, and Technical Assistance 13 Organization of Events 15 Publications of Area Members 17 Networks and Professional Associations 20 Area Members 21 1
Università Bocconi CERGAS Center for Research on Health and Social Care Management Area of Global Health and Development via Röntgen 1, 20136 Milano tel. 02 5836.2597 cergas.globalhealth@unibocconi.it www.cergas.unibocconi.it/globalhealth
Global Health is an emerging area for interdisciplinary studies, research and practice that considers the effects of globalization on health and the achievement of equity in health for all people worldwide, emphasizing transnational health issues, determinants and solutions, and their interactions with national and local systems. Since 2008, the Global Health and Development Group has been working within the Center for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS) at Università Bocconi, and, in December 2010, was formally recognized as a new Area of Research in CERGAS. The Area approaches the topic of Global Health within the broader context of the policies and strategies for development, adopting a multidisciplinary approach which incorporates public health, political economics, law, and the social and managerial sciences. In this sense, the Area s activities fill an existing void, particularly in Italy, of academic initiatives with a strategic and managerial approach to Global Health as well as achieving the correlated development goals. In this way, the Area of Global Health and Development takes advantage of CERGAS s established expertise and, more generally, that of Università Bocconi, in the fields of economics, management, and health policy, connecting the areas of public sector management, non-profit management, and management of corporate social responsibility. The 2008-2010 report aims to provide a complete, though concise, panorama of the Area s activities. It should be noted that these activities often include studies that were developed independently by individual members of the Area, often in collaboration with researchers and external professionals, while still retaining a common strategic goal. The Area s work goes beyond simple research and also extends to teaching, carrying out feasibility studies and evaluations, and providing technical assistance. Area Coordinator Eduardo Missoni 3
Research In the last decade, there has been unprecedented growth at a global level of International resources destined for the development of the health sector. This increase in financing was also accompanied by the proliferation of global initiatives and new actors which have progressively rendered governance mechanisms and the corresponding management structures more complex at a global level. With the debate on the efficiency and efficacy of the various strategic approaches intensifying (principally between disease-specific vertical actions and the more horizontal health system strengthening approaches) and the renewed proposal for universal health coverage, the necessity for multidisciplinary research and study, which aims to broaden knowledge on the imminent challenges and identify the appropriate tools to confront them, is even more urgent. In this emerging context, the Area of Global Health and Development has followed two principal lines of research: the first on the topic of equity and access to health services and the second on the governance dynamics of the system and the principal global actors. Equity and Access to Health Services Universal Health Coverage Financed by The Rockefeller Foundation Coordinators: Eduardo Missoni and Fabrizio Tediosi With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation, the Area of Global Health and Development completed a research project aimed at identifying and analyzing the tools necessary for an effective translation of the decisions and promises made at a global level, particularly by the leaders of the G8, into actions for achieving universal health coverage (UHC). The research initiative received praise from the President of the G8 and the Director General of the World Health Organization, the latter of whom also facilitated the collaboration of the initiative s experts, joining their research with and incorporating it into the preparation of the World Health Report 2010. During the course of the research initiative, an interdisciplinary group of international researchers and experts congregated in Bellagio, Italy on 10 and 11 November 2009, for the purpose of exchanging ideas and reflections on the following three areas of research on which the initiative was developed: The financing mechanisms for UHC; The governance and management of UHC; The public policies for health and the necessary actions to face social barriers which prevent UHC. 4
The Bellagio Statement detailed the consensus which emerged from the meeting regarding the approach to follow for achieving UHC and was then conveyed to the Italian Presidency of the G8. The final results of the research initiative were presented at a conference held at Università Bocconi on 14 May 2010 (for more information on the conference, see page 15) and also in the book Attaining Universal Health Coverage: A research initiative to support evidence-based advocacy and policy-making. With the goal of promoting the maximum diffusion of the book s contents, it is also possible to download the book free of charge from the CERGAS website (see page 17). Contribution to the World Health Report 2010 Eduardo Missoni and Fabrizio Tediosi directly participated in the preparatory work of the World Health Organization s, World Health Report 2010: Health System Financing: The Path to Universal Coverage, to which the Area also contributed a background paper on the Chilean Health Reform in collaboration with Giorgio Solimano, director of the School of Public Health at the Universidad de Chile. Telemedicine Using Mobile Phones Coordinator: Eduardo Missoni This line of research originated from the intuition of the medical pathologist Livia Bellina, while working in the Health Clinic Laboratory in Lampedusa (Sicily). The need for a malaria diagnosis confirmation from a specialized referral center and the unavailability of the necessary, complex photography equipment to take pictures of the microscope samples, pushed Dr. Bellina to explore the possibility of achieving the same objective using only the camera integrated into her cellular phone. After sharing this idea and the initial positive results with Eduardo Missoni, they created a joint research project to confirm the originality of the method, define its limits, explore its appropriateness in limited-resource contexts, and study every other possible application. The first results, which confirmed the validity of the methodology and its potential application in particularly disadvantaged areas, were published in Diagnostic Pathology in June 2009. That approach, which the two researchers fittingly coined MobileDiagnosis, was subsequently extended beyond a single microscope and tested in a field setting by Dr. Bellina in rural areas of Uganda and Bangladesh. The preliminary results of this phase were presented in Berlin, in November 2010. The technique, which is differentiated from other telemedicine proposals utilizing mobile phones because it does not require the use of impractical adaptors or equipment developed ad hoc, was also presented by the WHO in its Global Initiative on Health Technologies and will be published in the forthcoming WHO publication, WHO Compendium of Innovative Technologies that Address Global Health Concern. From the point of view of the Area of Global Health and Development, interest in the methodology primarily pertains to the managerial and economic integration of the MobileDiagnosis approach toward the functioning of the local and national health systems and their relationships with global networks of expertise. Further exploration of this topic has already provided the basis for several theses. 5
Research on Topics in Governance and Management Global Health Philanthropy How is Global Health Philanthropy Changing the Picture? Coordinators: Elisa Ricciuti and Afua Asante-Poku In line with the research topic of governance dynamics of global actors in health, a research project on the role, structures, and dynamics of governance of the private foundations which significantly contribute to the financing of health at a global level was carried out (2009-2010). The logic underlying the project was the growth in importance that these private actors are acquiring in the field of Global Health. In particular, attention was focused on foundations headed by individual philanthropists or philanthropic groups connected with commercial companies, and public-private partnerships which, in various cases, went past the initial phases of networks and informal alliances to also constitute foundations. The research was developed around three lines of exploration and analysis: Internal governance of the organizations studied in terms of structure and decision-making mechanisms; Managerial tools used to obtain each foundation s strategic objectives: - research and selection of projects to finance; - management of relations with recipients; - monitoring projects and their impacts; Managerial capabilities of foundation personnel. The preliminary results of the study include a Working Paper which was presented and discussed at the conference Philanthropy in Global Health Governance and Effectiveness Criteria at the Basel Institute on Governance in Basel (Switzerland). These results also showed the fundamental weight of the resources of philanthropic organizations for Global Health, at the same time bringing to light the complexity, in terms of governance and management, of both financing channels and operations, as well as the collaboration dynamics at an international level; these research topics are being further developed. In addition, the exploration of the relationships between decision-making mechanisms of the foundations and the definition of the global agenda is the of basis for Elisa Ricciuti s PhD research. An Analysis of the WHO Response to Pandemic Influenza Using a Crisis Management Model Coordinators: Eduardo Missoni and Christina Procacci The study, initiated by Arian Hatefi (Columbia University Medical School) and Eduardo Missoni, attempts to retrospectively evaluate, using a managerial perspective, the operations carried out by the World Health Organization in the course of the crisis generated by the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. On the basis of the research conducted, a case study was used as a teaching aid in the Global Health and Development course offered to the Bocconi Undergraduate students. 6
Health Governance Network and Aid Coordination in Ethiopia Financed by Fondazione CARIPLO Coordinators: Daniele Ravaioli, Fabrizio Tediosi and Eduardo Missoni The primary objective of this project, which is also a part of the Young Researchers Scholarship of the Policy-Making and Management Training Project financed by Fondazione CARIPLO, is to analyze the governance dynamics of the Ethiopian Health System, with particular attention given to the influence of external actors, which the study attempts to measure. To this end, the research innovatively utilizes tools and methods of Social Network Analysis for the first time in this context, including the development of dynamic sociograms, with the intention of measuring the strength of the connections between actors and their influence on the Ethiopian Health System network structures which subsequently arise. The analysis model was elaborated in the second half of 2010 and the application in a field setting in Ethiopia is programmed for 2011. This second phase will be carried out with the support of the Local technical unit of the Italian Development Corporation in Addis Ababa. Development Cooperation in Health: the Italian Experience The contribution of the Italian Development Cooperation, and more generally of the Italian System to Global Health, in the broad context of the functioning and the governance of International Aid, has been a common interest of some of the Area researchers for some time. It is a theme whose evolution they have followed for many years mainly in the context of activities with the Italian Observatory of Global Health (OISG), with which they are affiliated. In 2009, with the advent of the Italian Presidency of the G8 and in relation to the initiatives for Global Health placed on the summit agenda, the group dedicated particular attention to the role of Italy, bringing to light both its strengths and weaknesses in an article published in the Lancet. 7
Training and Teaching Policy-Making and Management Training in Global Health Financed by Fondazione CARIPLO Coordinators: Eduardo Missoni, Fabrizio Tediosi and Elio Borgonovi As a result of the important scientific, political, social, and economic implications, work in the field of Global Health requires specific interdisciplinary skills of analysis, policy-making, and management in order to develop the ability to manage relations between various sectors and actors (public, private, and civil society) and their interactions at every level. Despite the great importance of this subject and the challenges which it puts forward, the availability of training programs specific to Global Health is still limited both in Italy and at an international level. To begin filling the gap, Università Bocconi (project leader), in association with the Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro and Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, has initiated a research and training project, financed by the Fondazione CARIPLO. The project provides education pathways developed during the course of the three-year project period (2009-2012). The specific objectives of the project are: Broaden the training and educational offerings through the creation of multidisciplinary and international courses at various levels and a specialization in Global Health, open to both Italian and international students of the universities participating in the project; Develop networks of research and training in Global Health with both public and private partners. The project has produced the following results thus far: The creation of a specialization in Global Health and Development within the MIHMEP Master (Master of International Healthcare Management, Economics and Policy) at the SDA Bocconi School of Management; The institution of an introductory course in Global Health within the three-year Bachelor degree at Università Bocconi for the academic year 2010/2011; The creation of a PhD at Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, which is interdisciplinary and international, attempts to integrate the knowledge expertise of three academic areas: Economics, Medicine, and Pharmacology, and is open to international students in order to promote a comprehensive education in the subject of Global Health; The organization of an introductory bilingual course (Italian and Spanish) on Global Health, held at the Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca (with the participation of both students and professors from Italy and four Latin American countries); 8
The financing of research projects for two young researchers (Elisa Ricciuti, for the first year of a PhD program at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine LSHTM and Daniele Ravaioli for his research on aid coordination in Ethiopia with CERGAS). The project works toward the consolidation and extension of an international network of universities committed to training and research in Global Health, through teaching exchanges, reciprocal internship offerings, and combining common lines of research. In this area, several relationships between universities have already been formally acknowledged and solidified, including an agreement between Università Bocconi and the Universidad de Chile (School of Public Health). As part of this agreement, Eduardo Missoni will participate as a professor during the Summer School program in Global Health offered by the Chilean university. In regards to the objective of better defining collaboration for research and training, the relationships between three other universities have been intensified: the University of Ottawa (Prof. P. Tugwell), the Swiss Tropical Institute in Basel (Prof. D. De Savigny), and the International Organizations MBA (IOMBA) in Geneva. Moreover, the project has provided fruitful opportunities for cooperation between Università Bocconi and important international institutions including the World Health Organization, The Global Fund to fight Aids, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, and the International Labor Office, stimulating a variety of results including internships for university students participating in the project and other lines of collaboration. Teaching Activities The teaching of Global Health was introduced at Università Bocconi in 2002, through the SDA Bocconi Master of International Healthcare Management, Economics and Policy (MIHMEP). This was only the second course offered in Italy for Global Health outside of traditional natural science disciplines and the first opportunity for international students. From the consolidation and the extension of this educational experience, a Specialization track in MIHMEP has now been added as already mentioned, as well as an optional course for undergraduate students, which will be described hereinafter. From a teaching perspective, the approach is strongly interdisciplinary, drawing from the necessity to bring students with different backgrounds in closer contact with the topics of public health. Moreover, through the faculty of the Area, Università Bocconi participates in the newly created Italian Network for the Teaching of Global Health (RIISG), which includes, almost exclusively, activities of science faculties and schools of public health. Institution of the Course Global Health and Development, Policy making and Management (Università Bocconi n.6308) Coordinators: Eduardo Missoni, Fabrizio Tediosi and Guglielmo Pacileo In the academic year 2010-2011, an optional course of six credits open to all Università Bocconi undergraduate students, taught in English, and focusing on Global Health and development was offered for the first time. The fact that the course was chosen by 72 students coming from more than 10 different countries demonstrates the interest stimulated by the new material, even in non-health 9
disciplines. The course effectively utilized the interdisciplinary nature and skills of its faculty, which also includes some experts from the WHO, to offer a stimulating introduction to the topics of Global Health. The course brought the students closer to topics of global public health, concepts of Global Health governance by illustrating the variety and the characteristics of the actors involved, the methods of financing and management, the types and functioning of health systems, their interactions with the dynamics of Global Health, and the principal policies and strategies implemented. Sharing Ideas Forum In order to offer additional occasions to the students of the Global Health and Development, Policy making and Management course for broadening their knowledge and to promote interactions with non-attending and/or auditing students, the Sharing Ideas space was created on the Università Bocconi e- learning platform with the cooperation of ASIT. This is a space which is open to all students of Università Bocconi who demonstrated a specific interest in Global Health and Development or other related topics and facilitates direct contact with the Area. For these students and those who joined along the way, the Area of Global Health and Development organizes a monthly meeting to promote the exchange of ideas and increase the dimensions of interdisciplinarity. Through these meetings, a process of consultation and analysis was initiated, also leading to useful discussions and ideas for theses. MIHMEP specialization in Global Health and Development offered by SDA Bocconi In the academic year 2010-2011, following the reorganization of the MIHMEP Master, four specific tracks were offered, including the newly activated Global Health and Development Specialization. The specialization requires four mandatory courses (Global Health Strategies, Health Management and Policies in Developing Countries, Project Cycle Management, Managing Challenges in Global Health) and an additional four courses to be chosen from the other specialization tracks offered. The courses of the Global Health and Development Specialization are also open to students from the related master, the Master in Public Management (MPM). The interest in the topic of Global Health was further confirmed by the high percentage of MIHMEP 12 (2010/2011) students who chose the specialization (13 students out of 38). As an integrating and practical activity of the Global Health and Development Specialization, an innovative Study Tour will be conducted at the principal organizations of Global Health headquartered in Geneva (Switzerland). For ten days, the students of the specialization, who will be joined by additional students from the Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, a partner in the project financed by Fondazione CARIPLO, will have the opportunity to interact with various officials of international organizations working in the Global Health field, as well as participate in several activities related to governance (international conferences, steering committees, technical panels). At the completion of the specialization, students will be given a certificate of specialization in addition to the traditional MIHMEP diploma. 10
Seminars In the course of the academic year, 2009-2010, the Area of Global Health and Development organized the following seminars: 9 November 2009: Social Determinants of Health and Social Barriers to Universal Health Coverage. Guest speakers: Don Matheson and Anna Matheson Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University Wellington (New Zealand); 27 April 2010: The Long Road to Universal Health Coverage: A century of lessons for development strategy. Guest speaker: Jesse Bump Harvard School of Public Health (USA); 5 May 2010: Globalization and Demographic Transition: The effects of demographic transition on health. Guest speaker: Francesco Billari Dondena Center for Research on Social Dynamics, Università Bocconi (Italy); 10 May 2010: Economics of Vaccines and Immunizations. Guest speaker: Claudio Politi Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization (Switzerland) 19 May 2010: Health Systems in Latin America. Guest speaker: Giorgio Solimano School of Public Health, Universidad de Chile (Chile). 25 May 2010: Attaining Universal Health Coverage: The experience of Thailand. Guest speaker: Viroj Tangcharoensathien & Walaiporn Patcharanarumol International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Thai Ministry of Health (Thailand). 26 May 2010: Optimizing Expanded Program on Immunization Schedules in Low Income Countries. Guest speaker: Alessia Melegaro Affiliation: Dondena Center for Research on Social Dynamics, Università Bocconi (Italy). Theses The period of three years which this report summarizes witnessed a growing number of theses on the interconnected topics of Global Health and development carried out by students from various areas of study, confirming the interest and importance of this topic across all disciplines. 2007/2008 Integrazione della medicina tradizionale nei sistemi sanitari convenzionali: prospettive nel contesto dell India, Master of Science in Economics and Management of Public Administration and International Institutions thesis by Giorgia Lattuca; Thesis Advisor: Eduardo Missoni; Discussant: Guglielmo Pacileo Between International Politics and Local Constraints: Managing Health Centres for Women in Developing Countries, Master of Science in Economics and Management of Public Administration and International Institutions thesis by Stefano Gaetano Amoroso; Thesis Advisor: Elio Borgonovi; Discussant: Eduardo Missoni 2008/2009 Il diritto alla salute tra tutela legale e mercificazione. Prospettive nel contesto indiano, Master of Science in Law thesis by Emanuela Gulino; Thesis Advisor: Eduardo Missoni; Discussant: Guglielmo Pacileo 11
Achieving health MDGs: Aid effectiveness in overcoming health systems constraints in Ethiopia, Master of Science in Economic and Social Sciences thesis by Daniele Ravaioli; Thesis Advisor: Eduardo Missoni; Discussant: Giorgio Fiorentini Le fondazioni di partecipazione in sanità: ruolo strategico, Master of Science in Economics and Management of Public Administration and International Institutions thesis by Agnese Masini; Thesis Advisor: Giorgio Fiorentino; Discussant: Eduardo Missoni Coerenza tra obiettivi e risultati nei processi di riforma del settore pubblico. Il caso del Mozambico, Master of Science in Economics and Management of Public Administration and International Institutions thesis by Matteo Orsenico; Thesis Advisor: Eduardo Missoni; Discussant: Guglielmo Pacileo Diritto di accesso ai farmaci e adesione agli accordi commerciali: Il caso dell India, Master of Science in Law thesis by Giuliana Pennisi; Thesis Advisor: Eduardo Missoni; Discussant: Guglielmo Pacileo 2009/2010 Il personale infermieristico immigrato come risorsa del sistema sanitario italiano: il caso della città di Milano, Bachelor of Business Administration and Management final paper by Silvia Blasi; Thesis Advisor: Eduardo Missoni Data as a catalyst for aid effectiveness, Master of Science in Economics and Management of Public Administration and International Institutions thesis by Delphine le Romain; Thesis Advisor: Eduardo Missoni; Discussant: Elio Borgonovi L interazione tra ONG e imprese profit: dalla raccolta fondi alla partnership socialmente responsabile, Master of Science in Economic and Social Sciences thesis by Claudia Osculati; Thesis Advisor: Eduardo Missoni; Discussant: Giorgio Fiorentini. 12
Feasibility Studies, Evaluations, and Technical Assistance Health Impact Assessment Coordinators: Guglielmo Pacileo and Christina Procacci Businesses, Eni for example, are becoming increasingly more important actors in the field of Global Health. One type of action through which businesses intend to take responsibility for the impact of their activities is the abovementioned Health Impact Assessment. This is an evaluation of the possible impacts that the actions connected to a specific activity of the company may have on the health of the inhabitants in the surrounding communities. Moreover, particular attention is also placed on possible mitigation measures for said impacts that the company should implement. Between 2008 and 2010, both pre-health impact assessments (evaluation of health impacts without a field visit) and rapid health impact assessments (evaluation with a field visit) were carried out in several countries: Congo, Algeria, Angola, and Mali. Such types of evaluations demonstrate both Eni s interest in topics related to sustainability and to corporate social responsibility and the contribution that a group like that of the Area of Global Health and Development can provide in this context. Feasibility Studies Between 2008 and 2010, at the request of Eni, several pre-feasibility and feasibility studies related to its health cooperation initiatives were completed. The countries involved were Congo, Angola, and Mozambique. In all three cases, the initiatives addressed the field of primary health care, with particular attention to infant health in the areas of Congo and Angola, where the studies were carried out upon the request of the Eni Foundation. Health System Strengthening in Zalau, Romania A comprehensive analysis of the Health System in the region of Salaj (Romania) with specific attention on the district hospital of Zalau Financed by Tenaris Coordinators: Giovanni Fattore, Guglielmo Pacileo and Christina Procacci Completed in November 2010, the health system strengthening project in the region of Zalau was developed by the company Tenaris-Silcotub with the goal of improving the health status and healthcare services available for the community of Zalau. The objective of the study was to collect information on the region of Salaj and the main hospital structure present in the territory of Zalau (regional capital) with the goal of conducting a complete analysis, and subsequently providing advice for the 13
improvement of the health system and the hospital of Zalau. The suggestions given for improvements were concentrated on the areas of management, organization, and the allocation of resources, focusing on the improvement of efficiency and efficacy in the use of existing resources for both the hospital and the district health system in general. In writing this document, three principal methods were used for collecting information: desk research, direct interviews with Romanian health system personnel, and a survey conducted of Tenaris employees. Moreover, a meeting was conducted with health officials in Bucharest with the goal of obtaining recommendations and advice for the project, from the highest government level (given the health reform of 2008) in order to fully align the project with the national plan and the ideals of the 2005 Paris Declaration. The contribution of the Area was effective and measureable in the success of the initiative. The report proved to be a complete and exhaustive document which provides a basis for effective actions toward a real strengthening of the health structures, and consequently, the improvement of the health of the community using the practical measures suggested. The project was also presented at a meeting in Zalau. Taking part were some of the most influential members of both the regional and local governments in the field of health (President and Vice-President of the County) and representatives of the group Tenaris (Area Manager of Tenaris and Vice-President of Techint). Feasibility Studies and Evaluations of Programs of the Italian Development Cooperation (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) 2008 - Mozambique - Feasibility Study for a program of Italian participation in the Sector Wide Approach for health in Mozambique Participating CERGAS Researchers: Eduardo Missoni and Guglielmo Pacileo 2008 - Bolivia - Evaluation of Support to the development of the Social Health System of the Department of Potosì AID7240 Participating CERGAS Researcher: Eduardo Missoni (team leader) 2009 - Ecuador and Peru - Evaluation of the Program of social-health cooperation in support of the National Peace Plan AID6757 Participating CERGAS Researchers: Eduardo Missioni (team leader) and Elisa Ricciuti 14
Organization of Events Conference Bocconi Initiative on Attaining Universal Health Coverage Università Bocconi, Milan (Italy) 14 May 2010 Financed by The Rockefeller Foundation The event, opened by Università Bocconi Rector, Professor Guido Tabellini, was an occasion to present the results of the research on Universal Health Coverage (previously described), completed with financing from the Rockefeller Foundation. Speakers at the conference included some international researchers who had contributed to the research as well as representatives of various international institutions and other actors in Global Health, including representatives of the WHO and the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Presentation in Italy of the World Health Report 2010: Health System Financing and the Path to Universal Coverage Università Bocconi, Milan (Italy) 2 December 2010 Every two years, the WHO publishes its World Health Report, signaling the topics which the Global Health agenda should address. In 2010, the report was focused on mechanisms of financing for obtaining Universal Health Coverage. The report, published 22 November 2010, was presented in Italy for the first time on 2 December 2010 at Università Bocconi, thanks to the initiative of CERGAS and its Area of Global Health and Development. The World Health Report 2010 was presented by David Evans, Director of the WHO Department for the Financing of Health Systems and principal editor of the report. Carlo Devillanova, Professor in the Department of Institutional Analysis and Public Management, in his role as discussant, insisted above all on aspects pertaining to equity. Lectio Magistralis: Professor Tim Evans CERGAS Annual Lecture Global Health Competencies for the 21st Century: Are Universities in the Lead or Lagging Behind? Università Bocconi, Milan (Italy) 12 October 2010 Each year, CERGAS sponsors a Lectio Magristralis to be hosted by Università Bocconi and, testifying to the constant growth and importance of the subject of Global Health, this year CERGAS invited Tim Evans, Director of the J.P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University (Bangladesh), Deputy Director of the WHO, and co-founder of GAVI (Global Alliance on Vaccines and Immunizations). The speaker described the role of universities in the field of 15
Global Health and, in particular, the education and teaching of Global Health in non-health faculties (i.e. management, pharmacology, economics, etc.). Prof. Evans underlined the fact that globally, the health sector remains in a phase of exponential growth, but the ability of universities to adequately respond to this demand with courses, degrees, and departments which reflect these changes remains insufficient. 16
Publications of Area Members Articles 2008 Missoni, E., Pacileo, G., A trent anni da Alma Ata: l evoluzione delle politiche globali in sanità, in: Osservatorio Italiano sulla Salute Globale, Salute Globale e aiuti allo sviluppo. Diritti, ideologie, inganni. 3 Rapporto dell Osservatorio Italiano sulla Salute Globale, Edizioni ETS, Pisa, 2008 p.23-33. Missoni, E., Pacileo, G., Cattaneo, A., La cooperazione italiana allo sviluppo in sanità: tra contraddizioni e buoni propositi, in: Osservatorio Italiano sulla Salute Globale, Salute Globale e aiuti allo sviluppo. Diritti, ideologie, inganni. 3 Rapporto dell Osservatorio Italiano sulla Salute Globale, Edizioni ETS, Pisa, 2008 p.164-178. Missoni, E., Pacileo, G., I partenariati globali pubblico-privato, in: Osservatorio Italiano sulla Salute Globale, Salute Globale e aiuti allo sviluppo. Diritti, ideologie, inganni. 3 Rapporto dell Osservatorio Italiano sulla Salute Globale, Edizioni ETS, Pisa, 2008 p. 272-278. Murru, M., Tediosi, F., L aiuto pubblico allo sviluppo e la cooperazione sanitaria, in: Osservatorio Italiano sulla Salute Globale, Salute Globale e aiuti allo sviluppo. Diritti, ideologie, inganni. 3 Rapporto dell Osservatorio Italiano sulla Salute Globale, Edizioni ETS, Pisa, 2008 p. 47-77. Missoni, E., La salute è ancora un utopia? Paradoxa, Anno II, n.4, Ottobre/Dicembre, 2008, p. 107-113. Wiedenmayer, K.A., Weiss, S., Chattopadhyay, C., Mukherjee, A., Kundu, R., Ayé, R., Tediosi, F., Hetzel, M.W., Tanner, M., Simplifying Paediatric Immunization with a Fully Liquid DTP-HepB-Hib Combination Vaccine: Evidence from a comparative time-motion study in India. Vaccine. 2009 Jan 29;27(5):655-9. Epub 2008 Dec 3. Yukich, J.O., Lengeler, C., Tediosi, F. et. al., Costs and Consequences of Large- Scale Vector Control for Malaria. Malar J. 2008 Dec 17;7:258 Smith, T., Maire, N., Ross, A., Penny, M., Chitnis, N., Schapira, A., Studer, A., Genton, B., Lengeler, C., Tediosi, F,. de Savigny, D., Tanner, M., Towards a Comprehensive Simulation Model of Malaria Epidemiology and Control. Parasitology. 2008 Nov;135(13):1507-16. Epub 2008 Aug 11. Tediosi, F., Aye, R., Ibodova, S., Thompson, R., Wyss, K. Access to Medicines and out of Pocket Payments for Primary Care: Evidence from family medicine users in rural Tajikistan. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008 May 23;8(1):109. 2009 Missoni, E., Pacileo, G., Thirty Years after Alma Ata: The development of Global Health policy, in: Italian Global Health Watch, Global Health and 17
Development Assistance. Rights, Ideologies and Deceit. 3rd report of the Italian Global Health Watch, Edizioni ETS, Pisa, 2009 pp. 25-31. (Translated into English from the 2008 Italian edition) Missoni, E., Pacileo, G., Cattaneo, A., Italian development cooperation on health: contradictions and good intentions, in: Italian Global health Watch, Global Health and Development Assistance. Rights, Ideologies and Deceit. 3rd report of the Italian Global Health Watch, Edizioni ETS, Pisa, 2009 pp. 122-132. (Translated into English from the 2008 Italian edition) Missoni, E., Pacileo, G., Global Public-Private Partnerships, in: Italian Global Health Watch, Global Health and Development Assistance. Rights, Ideologies and Deceit. 3rd report of the Italian Global Health Watch, Edizioni ETS, Pisa, 2009 pp. 202-207. (Translated into English from the 2008 Italian edition) Murru, M., Tediosi, F., (2009). Development Assistance and Health Cooperation, in: Italian Global Health Watch, Global Health and Development Assistance. Rights, Ideologies and Deceit. 3rd report of the Italian Global Health Watch, Edizioni ETS, Pisa, 2009 pp. 202-207. (Translated into English from the 2008 Italian edition) Missoni, E., Evolution of Global Health Policies since the Alma Ata Conference. A long way back towards Health for All, Bulletin of Medicus Mundi Switzerland, n.111, February 2009, pp. 10-20. Bellina, L., Missoni, E., Mobile Cell-Phones (M-Phones) in Telemicroscopy: Increasing connectivity of isolated laboratories,diagnostic Pathology, 2009, 4:19. Missoni, E., Tediosi, F., Pacileo, G. and Borgonovi, E., G8 Summit 2009: What Approach Will Italy Take to Health?, The Lancet, 2009, July 4, 374, pp. 9-10. Bellina, L., Maugeri, M., Missoni, E., Ethical and Public Health Concerns Based on the Retrospective Analysis of Referrals for Diagnostic Parasitology of Immigrants and Autochthonous Population in Lampedusa Island (Italy), European Journal TM&IH, 2009, 14 (Supp. 2): 66. Missoni, E., 2009 Was Not a Dead Year for G8 s Health Agenda, The Lancet, 2009, December 19, 374, pp. 2053-2054. Missoni, E. and Foffani, G., Nanotechnologies and Challenges for Global Health, Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology, 3 (3), DOI: 10.2202/1941-6008.1119. Tediosi, F., Maire, N., Penny, N., Studer, A., Smith, T., Simulation of the Cost- Effectiveness of Malaria Vaccines. Malar J. 2009 Jun 8;8:127. Tediosi, F., Gabriele, S., Longo, F., Governing Decentralization in Health Care under Tough Budget Constraint: What can we learn from the Italian experience? Health Policy. 2009 May;90(2-3):303-12. Epub 2008 Dec 5. Yukich, J.O., Zerom, M., Ghebremeskel, T., Tediosi, F., Lengeler, C., Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Vector Control in Eritrea Using Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets. Malar J. 2009 Mar 30;8(1):51. Hutton, G., Schellenberg, D., Tediosi, F., et. al., Cost-Effectiveness of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria Control in Infants (IPTi) in Tanzania and Mozambique. Bull World Health Organ. 2009 Feb;87(2):123-9. 2010 Missoni, E., Attaining Universal Health Coverage Through Primary Health Care. Mobilizing for health equity. Bulletin of Medicus Mundi Switzerland, n.117, September 2010, p. 34-35. http://www.medicusmundi.ch/mms/services/bulletin/zugang-zu-medikamentenfur-alle/debatte/41.html 18
Missoni, E., Solimano, G., Universal Access Plan with Explicit Guarantees: The Chilean way. In: Missoni, E. (ed.), Attaining Universal Health Coverage. A research initiative to support evidence-based advocacy and policy-making, Milano, Egea, 2010, pp. 117-126. Bellina L., Missoni E., Increasing Connectivity of Isolated Health Workers in Poor Countries Using Locally Available Technology. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2010, Vol. 14, 11 (suppl. 2): S46-S47. Missoni, E., Solimano, G., Towards Universal Health Coverage: The Chilean Experience; Background Paper No. 4. In: World Health Report 2010: Health System Financing: The Path to Universal Coverage, WHO, 2010: Chapter 2 and Chapter 3. Missoni, E., Tediosi, F., Pacileo, G. The Teaching of Global Health in Non- Health Faculties: The Italian Experience. (Poster) 2010 Annual Meeting of Consortium for Universities of Global Health: Transforming Global Health: The Interdisciplinary Power of Universities. Seattle (USA), September 2010. Conteh, L., Sicuri, E., Manzi, F., Hutton, G., Obonyo, B., Tediosi, F., et. al., The Cost-Effectiveness of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria in Infants in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One. 2010 Jun 15;5(6):e10313. Mosha, J.F., Conteh, L., Tediosi, F., Gesase, S., Bruce, J., et. al., (2010) Cost Implications of Improving Malaria Diagnosis: Findings from North-Eastern Tanzania. PLoS ONE 5(1):e8707. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008707. Books Missoni, E. (edited by), Attaining Universal Health Coverage. A research initiative to support evidence-based advocacy and policy-making, Milano, Egea, 2010. (Download the book after registration) Tediosi, F. Stimulating the Impact of Malaria Control Interventions, Milan, Egea, 2010. Tediosi, F., Compagni, A., Analisi del sistema di finanziamento della ricerca sanitaria in Italia, Milan, Franco Angeli, 2010. 19