16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga, PhD Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Beijing, September, 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 1
Summary Introduction Ecuadorian Natural Regions The CLQCA (Catholic University Yeast Collection) Basic and Applied Studies on Yeasts Biorefinery Microbial Archaeology Ecological aspects of yeasts in Ecuador Final Remarks 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 2
16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 3
CLQCA Funded: 2006 Repository of the yeasts biodiversity of Ecuador About 3300 isolates and 150 species from Ecuadorian and Antarctic environments Search for novel yeast species Ecology of yeasts Human talent formation (University PUCE) Biotechnological approaches 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 4
Biodiversity of Yeasts, Why does it matter? The term biodiversity is an abstract expression embracing all aspects of the variety of life: from bio-molecules to species, populations, communities and ecosystems. Variation is the essence of biology. Consequently, biodiversity is an intrinsic feature of life. Culture collections play a fundamental role in ex situ preservation of microbial biodiversity: a big effort to keep microorganisms Bioprospection of microorganisms for industrial exploitation is fueling the innovation in a wide variety of industries. 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 5
www.cnib.com.ec 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 6
PROJECTS: BIOREFINERY 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 7
16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 8
Beijing, April 15 2014 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 9
16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 10
Beijing, April 15 2014 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 11
16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 12
PROJECTS: MICROBIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 13
BOKU, April 15 2014 MICROBIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 14
BOKU, April 15 2014 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 15
16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 16
A TOAST FOR HISTORY!
PROJECTS: YEAST BIODIVERSITY 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 18
16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 19
16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 20
Substrates analyzed 10/16/2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 21
AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS 1 The Index of Speciality (Si) and the Index of Abundance (Ia) of the species are inversely proportional 0 0 5 10 15 20 Index of Specialization (Si) Index of Abundance (Ia) 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 22
Narcisist Analysis: The adaptation landscape of the yeasts in Ecuador 67% 29% 4% 10/16/2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 23
Final Remarks A number of novel yeast strains and species are being found in Ecuador, which constitutes a valuable source for future research. The CLQCA is a valuable yeasts collection dedicated to biodiversity studies and scientific approaches. The study of the ecology of yeasts brings new understanding about the potential for bioprospection of this group of organisms. 10/16/2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 24
Acknowledgments The Chinese Academy of Sciences The Institute of Microbiology The WFCC The WDCM 10/16/2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 25
Thank you 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 26
BOKU, April 15 2014 AN OVERVIEW OF THE YEAST BIODIVERSITY IN THE GALÁPAGOS AND OTHER ECUADORIAN REGIONS 16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 27
BOKU, April 15 2014 A practical approach to the study of yeast diversity and its functional role within natural communities will eventually result in the design of tools, for instance, for the prediction of the occurrence of species based on the features of the micro- and macro-landscapes studied. Deepening in the knowledge of microbial ecology and evolution Preservation of key macro and micro landscapes (habitats) Bioprospection
Communities of yeasts are affected by natural selection which eliminates deleterious mutations and rapid fixation of adaptive alleles, just as the environment determines whether or not a species can become established within a community. In these terms, we can understand that events of speciation and/or extinction are occurring in yeasts populations around us all the time at a relatively high rate due to its remarkable velocity of reproduction, mutation and adaptation to changing situations of these living organisms. Source: Lachance (2006); Carvajal Barriga et al., (2011)
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