Pupil s Book Grade 4

Zambian Basic Education Course Government of the Republic of Zambia Ministry of Education NUTRITION EDUCATION Supplementary Material Pupil s Book Grade 4

Zambian Basic Education Course NUTRITION EDUCATION Supplementary Material Pupil s Book Grade 4 Mukelabai Songiso Simon Hikaula Authors: Janet L. Shamapango Tomy B. Zulu Technical collaboration and nancial support by Illustration, Layout & Design: Mel Futter

Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Curriculum Development Centre, Zambia and The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2007 All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy and the Curriculum Development Centre, Haile Selassie Road, P.O. Box 50092, Lusaka, Tel: (01) 260-254848 ISBN 9982-54-003-3

CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 OUR FOOD... 1 CHAPTER 2 FOOD FOR LIVING... 15 CHAPTER 3 OUR DIET... 43 CHAPTER 4 KEEPING CLEAN... 55 CHAPTER 5 DIARRHOEA... 79 CHAPTER 6 MALARIA...94 APPENDIX ONE Glossary... 106 APPENDIX TWO Take-home messages... 107

CHAPTER 1 OUR FOOD You are going to learn and talk about: o where food comes from o what kinds of food there are o what foods are good for you o why food is needed in the body o why you should eat different types of food o how often you should eat in a day o which people have special food needs o what makes a good diet. LESSON 1 WHERE DOES FOOD COME FROM? What foods can you see in the picture? How are people getting these foods? 1

Chapter 1: Lesson 1 Activity 1 Tell each other what food you ate yesterday. Say where it came from. What food do we produce at home? What food do we get from elds? What food do we get from rivers and lakes? What food do we get from shops and markets? What food do we get from the bush? Activity 2 READING Food comes from many places. We produce some at home. Some food comes from the elds and farms. Other foods come from rivers and lakes. We get food from shops and markets. Some of our food comes from the bush. Choose one food. Describe the food. - Does it come from a plant or animal? - Where does it come from? - How do we get it? ASK YOURSELF What food do I eat often? Think of all the foods you eat often. REMEMBER My diet FOODS I EAT OFTEN Make a list: cassava nshima... pumpkin leaves............ FOOD COMES FROM MANY PLACES. For example,... 2

Chapter 1: Lesson 1 HOMEWORK A Ask your family: Which foods do we buy? Where? How much do they cost? B Written work: Draw a picture of one food. Write about it. Say where it comes from and how we get it. Then read your writing to your family. Name of food... Source It comes from... How we get it... 3

Chapter 1: Lesson 2 LESSON 2 FOODS WE BUY Look at the picture. What are these people doing? Activity 3 Where do we buy food? What food do we buy? How much do we buy each time? How much does it cost? How do we know it s good fresh? safe? READING We need some cooking oil. But red palm oil is cheaper. Yes but it tastes strange. We want red palm oil. I don t have red palm oil. We like the taste. Red palm oil is very good for you. It gives you energy. OK. I ll get some! It keeps you healthy too. 4

Who is shopping in the Reading picture? What do they want? Why do they want it? Do they buy it? Why? / Why not? Chapter 1: Lesson 2 Activity 4 Choose a food and pretend to go shopping. Talk about quality and price. ASK YOURSELF Do I know the right prices? Can I choose food well? Do I know what I want? REMEMBER BUY FRESH FOOD. BUY SAFE FOOD. PAY THE RIGHT PRICE. For example,... My diet SHOPPING I am good at shopping. I know the right prices for... I know good quality for example,...... HOMEWORK A Tell your family about the people in the Reading. B Written work: Find out about one food and write about it. Can we eat it all year? Why? Why not? Ask your family. Afterwards, read your writing to your family. Name of food... Availability OR We can eat it all year because... We cannot eat it all year because... 5

Chapter 1: Lesson 3 LESSON 3 WHEN CAN WE EAT IT? What month is it now? What season is it? When does this season begin and end? Activity 5 Copy the season clock. Draw lines across to divide the seasons. Draw the sun for the dry season. Draw the rain for the rainy season. THE SEASON CLOCK December November January October February September March August April July June May Activity 6 Choose one food. Say when it can be eaten. - All year? - Only in one season? Why? 6

Chapter 1: Lesson 3 READING We cannot eat all foods all through the year. Why not? - Many foods do not grow in the dry season. - Some foods cannot be stored. - Some foods are only available for a short time. - We are sometimes not allowed to catch or collect some foods. ASK YOURSELF What foods do we eat throughout the year? What foods do we eat for only part of the year? My diet WHAT I EAT AND WHEN All the year we eat... Part of the year we eat... REMEMBER WE NEED GOOD FOOD ALL THE YEAR. For example,... Take this message home HOMEWORK A B Choose one food. What kind of food is it? (for example, fruit, vegetable). Ask your family. Written work: How can we have many foods all year? Ask your family and write some answers. Then read your writing to your family. Two ways of having many foods all year 1) We can... 2) We can... 7

Chapter 1: Lesson 4 LESSON 4 WHAT KINDS OF FOOD ARE THERE? What different kinds of food are there? Name the food groups in the picture. Here are the names: CEREALS ROOTS AND TUBERS VEGETABLES ANIMAL FOODS BEANS, COWPEAS and NUTS (legumes) FRUITS FATS, OILS and SUGARS FLAVOURINGS KINDS OF FOOD Activity 7 What kind of food is a mango? What kind of food is maize? What kind of food are groundnuts? What kind of food is a sweet potato? Look at the picture and nd the kind of food. 8

Chapter 1: Lesson 4 READING - Cereals are plants which have a head of grains. - Roots and tubers grow under the ground. - Vegetables are plants we eat as food. - Fruits grow on trees and bushes. They have pips or seeds. - Animal foods are meat, sh, insects and birds, and things from animals (for example eggs and milk). - Beans, peas, groundnuts and bambara nuts are called legumes. They grow in pods. - Fats and oils are in many foods, but can be bought separately. - Sugars are also in many foods. They make food sweet. - Flavourings change the taste of food. Examples are salt and spices. Activity 8 Put more examples of foods into the table below: Cereals Roots & tubers Vegetables Fruits maize cassava pumpkin leaves mango Animal foods Legumes Fats, oils, sugars Flavourings eggs soya beans red palm oil salt 9

Chapter 1: Lesson 4 ASK YOURSELF What kinds of food do I eat most? Cereals? Roots and tubers? Vegetables? Fruits? Oil and fat? Animal foods? Legumes? My diet THE KINDS OF FOOD I EAT I eat a lot of... I eat quite a lot of... I eat some... I eat a little... REMEMBER WE MUST EAT ALL KINDS OF FOOD. For example,... HOMEWORK A Find out all the foods that are in one meal. Ask your family. Don t forget little things like avourings and oil. B Written work: Write about a meal you ate. What foods were in it? What kinds of foods were they? After you have nished, read your writing to your family. Foods in the meal Kind of food Example...cassava nshima......roots............... 10

LESSON 5 OUR MEALS Chapter 1: Lesson 5 How do we make meals? We usually have nshima. Nshima is our staple food. We add other foods to make the meal. We add vegetables, legumes, fats, animal foods, avourings and fruit. Activity 9 Look at the diagram. Say all the things that we need for a good meal. GOOD MEALS Fats, oils and sugars Legumes Vegetables Starchy Staple Animal foods Fruit after a meal Flavouring foods 11

Chapter 1: Lesson 5 READING A good meal gives you all you need to live, grow and be healthy. A good meal should have - a staple food (a cereal or root) - vegetables - an animal food or a legume - a little oil or fat - avouring - fruit after the meal. Activity 10 Make up a meal which has all these things. Put the staple food in the centre. Write the other foods around it or draw them. MAKE A MEAL Fats, oils and sugars g Legumes g g Vegetables g g Animal foods g Fruit after a meal Flavouring foods 12

Chapter 1: Lesson 5 ASK YOURSELF What is our staple food? What do we usually eat with our staple food? What should we eat more? My diet MY MEALS Our staple food is... With our staple food we usually eat...... We should eat more...... REMEMBER GOOD MEALS HAVE ALL KINDS OF FOOD For example,... Take this message home! HOMEWORK A Show your family the meal you made up in this lesson. Tell them what makes this meal good. B Written work: Show a meal you ate today. Put in the food names in the right places. Fats, oils and sugars Legumes g g g Vegetables Animal foods g g Fruit after a meal g Flavouring foods Was anything missing? Show your family. 13

Chapter 1: Revision We have come to the end of Chapter One. What did we learn? REVISION OF CHAPTER ONE Hold up all the Remember messages for Chapter One. Read them out one by one. For each message give examples. Say why each message is important. 14

CHAPTER 2 FOOD FOR LIVING You are going to learn and talk about: o what different foods give us o good meals for particular people. LESSON 1 FOOD FOR ENERGY Do you have energy? Where do you get your energy? Activity 11 What do you see in the picture? What are these children doing? Are they tired? Are they full of energy? Which children are using a lot of energy? Where does the energy come from? READING Why do you need food? - Food gives you energy. - You need energy to do things. - You need energy to learn, play, work, grow, breathe, talk, sleep. You need food for energy. 15

Chapter 2: Lesson 1 Activity 12 Which foods give us a lot of energy? People eating Foods with a lot of energy cassava groundnuts Mwenya is eating nshima and pumpkin leaves with groundnuts. maize Kalwe is eating maize porridge. It has pounded kapenta in it, some beans and red palm oil. beans banana Chalo, Chiko, Mule and Muke, are eating banana, sweet potato, mango and caterpillars. caterpillars sweet potato 16

Chapter 2: Lesson 1 ASK YOURSELF How do I use my energy? What do I do every day? What do I like doing? REMEMBER My diet MY ENERGY I need a lot of energy for doing these things:... The things I really like doing are...... SOME FOODS GIVE US LOTS OF ENERGY. For example,... HOMEWORK A Tell your family some foods which give energy. Ask about other foods which give a lot of energy. B Written work: Write down everything you eat in one day. Afterwards, read your writing to your family. Day... Food diary Foods........................... 17

Chapter 2: Lesson 2 LESSON 2 EATING FOR ENERGY Which foods give a lot of energy? Activity 13 Look at the table THE ENERGY IN FOOD. Choose one food. Find it in the table. Count the stars. Does it give a lot of energy? THE ENERGY IN FOOD Food Energy Food Energy Cassava our ]]] Avocado pear ]] Mealie meal/maize ]]] Meat ]] Rice ]]] Liver ]] Bread ]]] Chicken ]] Sorghum ]]] Fresh sh ] Millet ]]] Dried/smoked sh ]] Yellow/orange sweet potato ]] Kapenta/chisense ]]] Pumpkin ] Caterpillars, dried ]]] Okra, fresh ] Grasshoppers ]] Beans and cow peas ]]] Flying ants, fresh ]]] Bambara nuts, fresh ]]] Milk (cow) ]] Dry groundnuts ]]]] Breastmilk (for babies) ]]]] Green leafy vegetables ] Eggs ]] Tomato ] Vegetable oil ]]]] Bananas ]] Red palm oil ]]]] Pawpaw ] Margarine ]]]] Guava ] Sugar ]]] Orange ] Sugarcane ] Mango ] ] KEY The more stars the better 18

Chapter 2: Lesson 2 READING All foods give energy. Some give more energy than others. We get a lot of our energy from - staple foods like maize, cassava, sorghum, millet - beans and cowpeas - sugars, fats and oils, for example, sugarcane, red palm oil, groundnuts and fatty meat. A little red palm oil has as much energy as a lot of nshima. Groundnuts have a lot of oil. They give a lot of energy. Activity 14 Kanyanta is eating a meal with only nshima. How can we add more energy to it? Make up a meal for Kanyanta with a lot of energy. MAKE A MEAL Fats, oils and sugars g Legumes g g Vegetables g Staple food g Animal foods g Fruit after a meal Flavouring foods 19

Chapter 2: Lesson 2 ASK YOURSELF Where does my energy come from? REMEMBER My diet EATING FOR ENERGY I get a lot of my energy from these foods:............ EAT FOR ENERGY!! For example,... HOMEWORK A Tell your family how to put energy into meals. Describe a meal with a lot of energy. B Written work: What foods do people eat between meals? Make a list. Underline the ones which give a lot of energy. Food eaten between meals.................. 20

LESSON 3 ENERGY THROUGH THE DAY Chapter 2: Lesson 3 How often do you eat? Do you need to eat often? Why? Why not? Activity 15 Look at the diagram and explain it. ENERGY You do things. You use energy. You are tired. You have no energy. You need food. You eat. You get new energy. READING A Chalo gets up very early. He has a little sweet potato to eat, with salt. He fetches water for the family. He walks a mile to school. Before school, he drinks some water. He studies for two hours. In the break, he plays games. He does not eat anything. How does he feel after the break? Full of energy? A little tired? Very tired? Will he learn well? 21

Chapter 2: Lesson 3 READING B Mule gets up early. She has a big sweet potato for breakfast. She walks three kilometres to school. Before school she eats some groundnuts. She studies very hard for two hours. In the break she talks with her friends. She eats some roast maize. How does she feel after the break? Full of energy? A little tired? Very tired? READING C Muke gets up quite late. He does not have anything to eat. He does not have to walk far to school. Before school he plays football with his friends. He studies hard for two hours. In the break he goes home to feed the chickens. He has nothing to eat. How does he feel after the break? Full of energy? A little tired? Very tired? Will he learn well? 22

Chapter 2: Lesson 3 ASK YOURSELF Do I eat before I come to school? Do I take food to school? Do I feel tired at school? Do I have enough energy all day? REMEMBER My diet EATING DURING THE DAY A I eat before school B I do not eat before school. A I bring food to school B I do not bring food to school. A I sometimes feel tired at school. B I never feel tired at school. A I have enough energy all day. B I do not have enough energy all day. EAT BEFORE YOU COME TO SCHOOL. BRING FOOD TO SCHOOL TO EAT. For example,... Take this message home! HOMEWORK A Ask your family to give you food to carry to school. B Written work: Write about your schoolday, like Chalo, Mule and Muke. Say what you eat in the morning and what you do before school and at break. Read your writing to your family. My school day......... 23

Chapter 2: Lesson 4 LESSON 4 FOOD HELPS US TO GROW Some foods give us a lot of energy. Some foods help us to grow well. Which foods help us to grow? Activity 16 Find the foods in the picture: bambara nuts ying ants chicken milk eggs cowpeas groundnuts beans sh meat FOODS WHICH HELP US TO GROW Activity 17 Look at the table FOOD FOR GROWTH. Choose one food and nd it in the table. Count the stars. Does it help us to grow a lot? 24

Chapter 2: Lesson 4 FOOD FOR GROWTH Food Cassava our How much does it help you to grow? Mealie meal/maize ]] Rice ]] Bread ]] Sorghum ]] Millet ]] Yellow/orange sweet potato Pumpkin Okra, fresh Beans and cow peas ]]] Bambara nuts, fresh ]]] Dry groundnuts ]]] Green leafy vegetables ] Tomato Bananas Pawpaw Guava Orange Mango Food Avocado pear How much does it help you to grow? Meat ]]]] Liver ]]]] Chicken ]]]] Fresh sh ]]]] Dried/smoked sh ]]]] Kapenta/chisense ]]]] Caterpillars, dried ]]]] Grasshoppers ]]] Flying ants, fresh ]]] Milk (cow) ]]]] Breastmilk (for babies) ]]]] Eggs ]]]] Vegetable oil Red palm oil Margarine Sugar Sugarcane ] KEY The more stars the better READING There are some foods that make us grow well. Beans, meat, sh, eggs, groundnuts and milk all help us to grow. They also help to mend our bodies if we are hurt or sick. We must eat some of them every day. For babies, breast milk is the best food. It is the only food they need for the rst six months. 25

Chapter 2: Lesson 4 Activity 18 Kanyanta needs to grow and have more energy. Kasuba is sick and needs to get better. Make up a meal which will help them both. MAKE A MEAL Fats, oils and sugars g Legumes g g Vegetables g Staple food g Animal foods g Fruit after a meal Flavouring foods ASK YOURSELF Am I growing well? Which growing foods do I eat? Do I eat them every day? My diet GROWTH These are the growing foods I eat often:...... A I eat them every day OR B I do not eat them every day. 26

Chapter 2: Lesson 4 REMEMBER SOME FOODS HELP YOU TO GROW A LOT. For example,... HOMEWORK A Show your family the foods that help you to grow. Tell them we need some of them in our meals every day. Ask if this is possible. B Written work: Choose one food that helps you to grow. Find out: Is it easy to get? Is it produced at home? Can you eat it all the year? What do you eat with it? Write about this food. Then read your writing to your family. A food that helps us to grow Name of food... Easy to get?... Produced at home?... Eaten all the year?... Eaten with?... 27

Chapter 2: Lesson 5 LESSON 5 FOOD KEEPS US HEALTHY Food gives us energy. Food helps us to grow. Food also keeps us healthy. Activity 19 All foods are good for our health. But some foods are very good. We need to eat them every day. Look at the pictures. Which foods here are very good for our health? Chalo s family is eating nshima and kapenta with sweet potato leaves. The leaves are cooked with red palm oil, onion and tomato. They are going to nish with some guavas. Mule, Muke, Chiko and Chalo are eating a mango, an orange, some pumpkin and some maize. 28

Activity 20 What other foods are very good for health? Chapter 2: Lesson 5 Look at the table FOODS THAT KEEP US HEALTHY. Choose one food and nd it in the table. Count the stars. Is this food very good for health? FOODS THAT KEEP US HEALTHY Food Which ones are very good for our health? Cassava our Mealie meal/maize ] Rice ] Bread ] Sorghum ] Millet ] Yellow/orange sweet potato ]] Pumpkin ]]] Okra, fresh ] Beans and cowpeas ]] Bambara nuts, fresh ] Dry groundnuts Green leafy vegetables ]]] Tomatoes ]]]] Bananas ]] Pawpaw ]]]] Guava ]]]] Orange ]]]] Mango ]]]] Food Which ones are very good for our health? Avocado pear ]] Meat ]]] Liver ]]]] Chicken ]]] Fresh sh ]]] Dried/smoked sh ]]] Kapenta/chisense ]]]] Caterpillars, dried ]] Grasshoppers Flying ants, fresh Milk (cow) ]] Breastmilk (for babies) ]]]] Eggs ]] Vegetable oil ] Red palm oil ]]]] Margarine ] Sugar Sugarcane ] KEY The more stars the better 29

Chapter 2: Lesson 5 READING Read these questions and answer them from the table. - Which fruits very good for our health? - Which vegetables very good for our health? - Which meat and sh very good for our health? - Which oils and fats very good for our health? ASK YOURSELF What fruit and vegetables do I eat often? Which ones are very good for my health? My diet FOODS FOR HEALTH Fruit and vegetables I eat often are...... Very good for health are...... REMEMBER EAT FOODS THAT KEEP YOU HEALTHY! For example,... HOMEWORK A Tell your family about foods that are very good for health. Ask how you can eat these foods more often. B Written work: Write down all the fruit and vegetables you eat in the week. Which ones are very good for your health? Show your family what you have written. 30

Chapter 2: Lesson 5 Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Fruit and vegetables eaten 31

Chapter 2: Lesson 6 LESSON 6 FOODS WHICH ARE GOOD FOR HEALTH What fruit and vegetables did you eat last week? How many kinds did you eat yesterday? Fruit and vegetables are very good for our health. We should eat many different fruits and vegetables every day. READING Mukelabai says: Mwenya says: Photo: Mel Futter I m a footballer. I m hoping to play for the national team next year. I need a lot of energy, and I have to keep very healthy. I eat a lot of nshima and sh, and a lot of vegetables every day. I especially like pumpkin leaves with groundnuts. I have fruit with every meal. Photos Microsoft ClipArt I m a manager. My job is very interesting but it s very hard work. I can t afford to get sick! I always have a good breakfast and something to eat during the day. I eat a lot of fruit every day to keep me healthy. I like mangoes and guavas, bananas and oranges. I always have fruit after a meal and often in the middle of the morning. 32

Activity 21 Choose ve foods that are very good for health. Say when and how you would eat them in one day. Make sure you choose some fruit to go with a meal. Make sure you have your green leafy vegetables with vegetable oil, palm oil or groundnuts. Do the same for another day. All the foods must be different. Chapter 2: Lesson 6 ASK YOURSELF What healthy foods do I eat often? What healthy foods would I like to eat more often? How can I eat more healthy foods? Can I eat fruit with my meals? My diet FOODS FOR HEALTH Healthy foods I eat often are......... Healthy foods I d like to eat more often are......... REMEMBER EAT MANY FRUITS AND VEGETABLES EVERY DAY. For example,... EAT FRUIT AFTER MEALS. For example,... Take this message home! 33

Chapter 2: Lesson 6 HOMEWORK A Tell your family about Mwenya or Mukelabai. Talk about eating fruit with meals. Talk about how to cook green leafy vegetables. B Written work: Write a little bit about your diet, like Mwenya and Mukelabai. Write about what you eat every day and how many fruits and vegetables you eat. My diet for good health......... 34

Chapter 2: Lesson 7 LESSON 7 SPECIAL FOODS Every food is good for you. But some foods are special. They give you - good hair - good nails and skin - good eyes - strong blood. Photo: Hans Anderson Activity 22 What is good hair like? What is good skin like? What are good nails like? What can good eyes do? What is good blood like? What does good blood do for you? Activity 23 Look in the table SPECIAL FOODS. Which foods give you good hair, skin, nails, eyes and blood? Which of these special foods come from animals? Which ones are orange or yellow? Which ones are dark green? Which one is liquid? 35

Chapter 2: Lesson 7 SPECIAL FOODS Food Good for the blood Good for teeth, skin, hair, and general health eyes, and general health Cassava our Mealie meal/maize ] Rice ] Bread ] Sorghum ] Millet ] Yellow/orange sweet potato ]] Pumpkin ]]]] Okra, fresh ] Beans and cowpeas ]] Bambara nuts, fresh ] Dry groundnuts ] Green leafy vegetables ]] ]]] Tomatoes ]] Bananas ] Pawpaw ]]]] Guava ]] Orange ] Mango ]]]] Avocado pear ] Meat ]]] ]] Liver ]]]] ]]]] Chicken ]] Fresh sh ]] Dried/smoked sh ]] Kapenta/chisense ]]]] ]]]] Caterpillars, dried ]] Grasshoppers (no data) Flying ants, fresh ] Milk (cow) ]] Breastmilk (for babies) ]]]] ]]]] Eggs ]] Vegetable oil Red palm oil ]]]] Margarine ] Sugar Sugarcane ] KEY The more stars the better 36

Chapter 2: Lesson 7 READING A Muke s mother is going to have a baby. She is very happy about it. But she also feels very tired. She does not want to eat. She cannot work very much. She is pale. B Masuba is tired. He is always sick. His skin is dry and he has spots on his face. His hair and nails keep breaking and do not grow well. He cannot see well at night. What food shall we give him? What food shall we give her? Activity 24 Think of a delicious dish for Masuba or for Muke s mother - a dish with some special foods. Describe your dish to the class. ASK YOURSELF Is my hair strong and thick? Is my skin strong and smooth? Are my ngernails strong? Are my eyes good? Is my blood red and strong? How can I stay healthy? My diet SPECIAL FOODS My hair is... My skin is... My ngernails are... My eyes are... My blood is... I can stay healthy by...... 37

Chapter 2: Lesson 7 REMEMBER KEEP HEALTHY AND STRONG! EAT SPECIAL FOODS EVERY DAY! For example,... HOMEWORK A Tell your family about good foods for eyes, hair, nails, skin and blood. Tell them the colours. B Written work: Describe a dish which is good for eyes, nails, hair, skin and blood. Say how you make it. Then read your writing to your family. Name of dish... This dish is very good for... It contains... This is how you make it... 38

Chapter 2: Lesson 8 LESSON 8 GOOD FOODS Some foods give us a lot of energy. Some foods help us to grow. Some foods make us healthy. Most foods do all these things. Activity 25 Find out about the foods you eat. What do they give you? Use the table WHAT FOODS GIVE US. Choose one food and say what it does for us. READING CAN YOU GUESS THESE FOODS??? What is this food? This food helps us grow and is very good for health. It s very good to eat too. We catch it or buy it. It s not expensive. It is an animal food. Usually we dry it, so we can eat it all the year. We fry it or boil it. We eat it with tomatoes and onion. It is small and shiny. It comes from the lake. WHAT IS IT? What is this food? We grow this food at home. We don t usually dry it because it is available all through the year. We cook it with groundnuts or just boil it. It is delicious. It s very good for our health. It s good for our blood, skin, eyes, hair and nails. It is dark green. It is a vegetable. WHAT IS IT? 39

Chapter 2: Lesson 8 WHAT FOODS GIVE US Food Energy Growth Health Cassava our ]]] Mealie meal/maize ]]] ]] ] Rice ]]] ]] ] Bread ]]] ]] ] Sorghum ]]] ]] ] Millet ]]] ]] ] Yellow/orange sweet potato ]] ]] Pumpkin ] ]]] Okra, fresh ] ] Beans and cowpeas ]]] ]]] ]] Bambara nuts, fresh ]]] ]]] ] Dry groundnuts ]]]] ]]] Green leafy vegetables ] ] ]]] Tomato ] ]]]] Bananas ]] ]] Pawpaw ] ]]]] Guava ] ]]]] Orange ] ]]]] Mango ] ]]]] Avocado pear ]] ]] Meat ]] ]]]] ]]] Liver ]] ]]]] ]]]] Chicken ]] ]]]] ]]] Fresh sh ] ]]]] ]]] Dried/smoked sh ]] ]]]] ]]] Kapenta/chisense ]]] ]]]] ]]]] Caterpillars, dried ]]] ]]]] ]] Grasshoppers ]] ]]] Flying ants, fresh ]]] ]]] Milk (cow) ]] ]]]] ]]] Breastmilk (for babies) ]]]] ]]]] ]]]] Eggs ]] ]]]] ]] Vegetable oil ]]]] ] Red palm oil ]]]] ]]]] Margarine ]]]] ] Sugar ]]] Sugarcane ] ] KEY The more stars the better 40

Chapter 2: Lesson 8 Activity 26 Describe a food for your friends to guess. Do not say its name. Say - what it does for us - how we eat it - if it tastes good - where it comes from - how we get it - what kind of food it is - what it looks like. ASK YOURSELF What foods can I recommend? - They should taste good. - They should be very good for us. - They should be easy to get. - They should be easy to cook. My diet EXCELLENT FOODS I want to recommend three excellent foods. They are:... because...... because...... because... REMEMBER EVERY FOOD GIVES US DIFFERENT THINGS. For example,... HOMEWORK A B Tell your family what foods you recommend, and why. Written work: Write about another food. Write everything you know. Then read your writing to your family. 41

Chapter 2: Lesson 8 A food I recommend Food... Description............ REVISION OF CHAPTER TWO We have come to the end of Chapter Two. What did we learn? Hold up all the Remember messages for Chapter Two. Read them out one by one. For each message give examples. Say why each message is important. 42

CHAPTER 3 OUR DIET You are going to learn and talk about: o how to make a balanced meal o why some people need extra food for growth, health or energy o what is a good diet for all of us. LESSON 1 BALANCED MEALS Here is a meal, with all its ingredients. nshima cassava our water relish groundnuts tomato onion red palm oil amaranthus salt Activity 27 Look at the picture. Say what all the ingredients are. Is it a well-balanced meal? READING A A well-balanced meal has several different foods. It has: - food for energy - food for growth - food for health. A well-balanced meal has something of everything. 43

Chapter 3: Lesson 1 READING B A well-balanced meal has: - a staple food for example, nshima - some vegetables - a little oil or fat - some legumes or animal foods - some avouring - some fruit after the meal. A well-balanced meal has something of everything. What about the meal in the picture? Has it got all these things? Is it well-balanced? Activity 28 With your friends, draw another meal. Label it. Write the names of all the ingredients. Describe it to your friends. Is your meal well-balanced? How could you make it better? ASK YOURSELF Do I know what a good meal is? Can I recognize a good meal? Can I prepare a good meal? My diet WELL-BALANCED MEALS (Tick ) I know what a good meal is. q I can recognize a good meal. q I can prepare a good meal. q For example...... 44

Chapter 3: Lesson 1 REMEMBER MEALS SHOULD BE WELL-BALANCED. THEY SHOULD HAVE SOMETHING OF EVERYTHING. For example,... Take this message home! HOMEWORK A Describe a well-balanced meal to your family. Explain why it is good. B Written work: Masuba has drawn a picture of his family in the box. Is your family like his? Draw a picture of all your family and label it. Make sure you put everyone in. Masuba s family my aunt my little brother my mother my grandfather Show your picture to your family and explain it. 45

Chapter 3: Lesson 2 LESSON 2 SPECIAL FOOD NEEDS This is Muke s family. Is Muke s family like your family? Activity 29 Muke has: - a mother - a father - a little brother - two sisters - a grandmother - an aunt. Can you nd them all? Which of the people in Muke s family need a lot of food for energy? Which people need a lot of food for growth and health? 46

Chapter 3: Lesson 2 READING A1 Everybody needs to have energy, to grow, and to be healthy. What should they eat? B1 Some people need a lot of food for growth and health, for example: - pregnant women - women who are breastfeeding - babies - children - sick people - old people. What should they eat? A2 THEY SHOULD EAT: Balanced meals, two or three a day, with snacks in between. B2 THEY SHOULD EAT: Plenty of relish, with dark green leafy vegetables, beans, peas or groundnuts, red palm oil, meat or eggs or sh, and a lot of fruit. C1 Some people need a lot of food for energy, for example - people who work hard - pregnant women - women who are breastfeeding - children - people who study. What should they eat? C2 THEY SHOULD EAT: Plenty of nshima and maize, sweet potatoes, groundnuts, oil, meat and liver, beans and cowpeas. 47

Chapter 3: Lesson 2 Activity 30 Talk about your family. Who needs extra food for energy? Who needs extra food for growth and health? ASK YOURSELF What should people in my family eat? What should I eat? REMEMBER My diet MY FAMILY My... should eat... My... should eat... I should eat a lot of...... SOME PEOPLE NEED EXTRA FOOD FOR ENERGY. For example,... SOME PEOPLE NEED EXTRA FOOD FOR GROWTH AND HEALTH. For example,... HOMEWORK A Tell your family what you wrote about their food needs and yours. B Written work: Write down all the foods you ate today. Afterwards show what you have written to your family. Time What I ate today Food Early morning... Mid-morning... Midday... Mid-afternoon... Evening... Night... 48

Chapter 3: Lesson 3 LESSON 3 OUR DIET Do you eat well? Do you have a good diet? Activity 31 Read about these children. Do they have good diets? MULENGA MWAPE My father is quite rich. We buy a lot of food in the shops and we always have food to eat. I eat a lot. I am very lazy. I eat sh and nshima or rice twice a day, and sometimes chicken. I have a lot of snacks biscuits, groundnuts, crisps, buns - and I like to drink Coca-Cola and Fanta. KASUBA My parents are farmers. We eat what we grow. We have two meals a day, with nshima and beans or chisense. We don t often have meat or chicken. We often eat vegetables with groundnuts, sweet potato leaves or amaranthus. We also eat okra, tomatoes and cabbage, and pumpkin as a snack. We dry green leafy vegetables for the dry season. I like fruit so I eat lots of mangoes and guava, and wild fruit in season. KANYANTA My father is a sherman. We sometimes buy meat or liver, but mostly we eat vegetables, nshima and sh. We have fruit after every meal. My mother makes her own red palm oil from our palm tree, and uses it to cook. We usually have an evening meal but I take different snacks to school each day I like roast maize, roast cassava, groundnuts and sweet potato. I need lots of energy because I play games. My family usually eats in the evening but I don t eat much during the day, so I often feel hungry. We eat a lot of nshima with cassava leaves, sometimes with groundnuts or oil and sometimes with dried sh. My father usually eats most of the sh. 49

Chapter 3: Lesson 3 READING What is a good diet? A A good diet has: - two or three meals a day - something in the morning - some snacks between meals - well-balanced meals - many different foods in a day. B A good diet means: - enough food all the year - different food each day - clean, safe food - food which tastes good. C If you have a good diet, you eat: - plenty of staple food (nshima) every day - many different vegetables and fruits every day - green leafy vegetables with oil or groundnuts - some meat OR sh OR beans OR groundnuts OR insects OR an egg each day - fruit with every meal - a little fat or oil. D Having a good diet means eating - all kinds of food - enough food for energy - enough food for growth - enough food for health - the right foods for your own needs. 50

Chapter 3: Lesson 3 ASK YOURSELF Does my family have a good diet? What is good in our diet? What could be better? My diet IMPROVING OUR DIET Good things about our diet:... How to improve our diet:... REMEMBER EAT WELL! HAVE A GOOD DIET! For example,... Take this message home! HOMEWORK A Tell your family what is good about your diet at home. Tell them how to improve it. B Written work: Write a description of your family s diet, like the four children in Activity 31. Ask your family to help you. Our diet......... 51

Chapter 3: Lesson 4 LESSON 4 FOOD FOR SICK PEOPLE Sometimes people are sick for only a few days. Sometimes they are sick for a long time. Activity 32 Look at the picture. Kanyanta s sister has been sick for a long time. She needs a very good diet. What should she eat? How much? How often? What should she drink? How often? READING Sick people should have: - plenty of nshima, rice, sorghum - plenty of beans, groundnuts, sh, meat and eggs - plenty of fruit and vegetables, for example bananas, pineapple, sweet potato, eggplants, avocado pears - red, orange and dark green fruits and vegetables, for example, mango, pawpaw, cassava leaves, pumpkin - vegetable fats and oils - plenty of water and drinks like munkoyo and fruit juice. They should eat and drink often. 52

Chapter 3: Lesson 4 Activity 33 Kanyanta can t make her sister eat. What can she do? Would you like a sweet potato? It s too hard, my mouth hurts. Have a little pumpkin. I m not hungry. Here s some munkoyo. No, I feel sick. ASK YOURSELF Do I help to feed sick people? Do I know how to feed them? My diet SICK PEOPLE I know how to feed sick people. For example,... REMEMBER SICK PEOPLE NEED A VERY GOOD DIET. For example... Take this message home! 53

Chapter 3: Lesson 4 HOMEWORK A Tell your family about Kanyanta s sister, and how Kanyanta can help her to eat and drink. B Written work: Write some things that would be good for Kanyanta s sister to eat. Then read your writing to your family. Food for a sick person......... REVISION OF CHAPTER THREE We have come to the end of Chapter Three. What did we learn? Hold up all the Remember messages for Chapter Three. Read them out one by one. For each message give examples. Say why each message is important. 54

CHAPTER 4 KEEPING CLEAN You are going to learn and talk about: o why things need to be clean o how to keep food clean o how to keep water clean o how to keep your surroundings clean. 55

Chapter 4: Lesson 1 LESSON 1 KEEPING THINGS CLEAN Chiko and Kalwe, Chalo, Mule and Muke are very busy. They are cleaning things. What are they doing? Activity 34 What do we do to keep ourselves clean? What do we do to keep our food clean? What do we do to keep our water clean and safe? What do we do to keep our surroundings clean? Why do we keep things clean? READING We need to keep things clean. We wash hands, bodies and clothes. We keep food clean by covering it. We make water clean by boiling or adding chlorine. We wash plates and pots. We sweep our houses and bury rubbish. Keeping things clean kills bad bacteria or germs. Being clean protects us from diseases. 56

Chapter 4: Lesson 1 ASK YOURSELF What things do I like cleaning? Why? What do I not like cleaning? Why? Keeping clean FEELINGS ABOUT CLEANING I like... because... I do not like... because... REMEMBER BEING CLEAN IS BEING HEALTHY. We clean a lot of things. For example,... HOMEWORK A Ask your family why it is important to be clean. B Written work: What do you do to keep things clean? Make a list. Then read your list to your family. My cleaning tasks These are my cleaning tasks at home and at school:.............. 57

Chapter 4: Lesson 2 LESSON 2 BACTERIA What living things do you know? Animals? Insects? Birds? Activity 35 What are the smallest living things you know? Are they good or bad? What do they do for us? What do they do to us? Where do they live? B A C T E R I A READING A Bacteria are very small living things. With just your eyes, you cannot see them: they are invisible. There are millions of them all around us. Some bacteria are very useful to us. Others are very dangerous. They give us diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentery and cholera. 58

Chapter 4: Lesson 2 Activity 36 Discuss these questions: Where can we nd bacteria? How do they move around? How can they be killed? READING B B1 There are bacteria everywhere. They are in the air, in the water and in the soil. They are also in our food, on our bodies and hands, in our clothes and inside our bodies. B2 Bacteria can travel in air or in water. They can also be carried by insects (e.g. ies) and animals, and on people s skin, hands, and clothes. B3 Bacteria usually live in warm wet places. Most of them die if they are boiled. They are also killed by disinfectants, salt, soap, chlorine and antiseptic ointment. ASK YOURSELF Am I afraid of bacteria? Why? Why not? REMEMBER Keeping clean BACTERIA A I am afraid of bacteria because... B I am not afraid of bacteria because... BACTERIA CAN KILL YOU. For example,... 59

Chapter 4: Lesson 2 HOMEWORK A Tell your family about bacteria. B Written work: Find some things which kill bacteria, at home or in the shops. Write about them. Then read your writing to your family. Things which kill bacteria In our house we have... In the shop there is... I use these ones:... 60

Chapter 4: Lesson 3 LESSON 3 HOW DISEASES SPREAD Do you know anyone who had diarrhoea or cholera? How did they get it? Activity 37 The pictures show how diseases spread. Tell the class what is happening in the pictures. Talk about what you can see. Also talk about what you cannot see. Why are these things bad? READING Diseases are spread in many ways. - When people cough and sneeze they spread bad bacteria. - Flies and other insects and animals carry bad bacteria to food. If you eat this food, you can get sick. - Some bacteria are carried by water. You can become sick if you drink this water. - You can pick up bad bacteria on your hands. Then, if you put your ngers in your mouth, you can get sick. 61

Chapter 4: Lesson 3 Activity 38 Here are some of the ways diseases spread. How many can you nd? Describe one of them. HOW DISEASES SPREAD Sick Person touching sneezing coughing breathing touching Food and Water cooking eating drinking washing touching food touching touching Dirt and Faeces Water, River, Lake washing hands ASK YOURSELF What can we do to prevent diseases? Keeping clean PREVENTING DISEASES DO s and DON Ts DO... DO NOT... REMEMBER DIRT SPREADS DISEASE. For example,... Take this message home! 62

Chapter 4: Lesson 3 HOMEWORK A B Find out from your family how you should wash hands. Written work: Write what you do to prevent disease. Preventing disease This is what I do to prevent disease: Example I wash my hands often I... I... I... Explain to your family how these things prevent disease. 63

Chapter 4: Lesson 4 LESSON 4 WASHING HANDS Look at the pictures. What are all these hands doing? What other things do your hands do every day? Activity 39 Why do we need to wash our hands? When do we need to wash our hands? READING Always wash your hands before: - eating - preparing food - feeding children - drawing and carrying water. Always wash your hands after: - using the pit latrine or toilet - cleaning the baby - eating food. 64

Activity 40 Chapter 4: Lesson 4 What is happening in the pictures? How do you wash your hands? Which is the best way to wash your hands. Why? ASK YOURSELF Do I wash my hands properly? Do I wash my hands at the right times? If not, why not? Keeping clean WASHING HANDS Do I wash my hands properly? A Yes, usually. B Not always, because... Do I wash them at the right times? A Yes, usually B Not always, because... REMEMBER WASH YOUR HANDS PROPERLY. For example,... WASH YOUR HANDS OFTEN. For example,... Take this message home! 65

Chapter 4: Lesson 4 HOMEWORK A B Teach the little children at home the best way to wash hands. Written work: Keep a handwashing diary. Write down every time you wash your hands in one day and why. Then read your writing to your family. Handwashing Diary Day... When Example In the morning Why Because I always wash in the morning.................. C Ask your family what they do to keep food clean. 66

Chapter 4: Lesson 5 LESSON 5 KEEPING FOOD CLEAN Why is it important to keep food clean? Activity 41 What do Mule and Muke do to keep food clean? Look at the pictures. Find all the things they do. (There are 10.) Which of these things do you do at home? 1 2 3 Mule and Muke are preparing snacks for school. Now they are going to prepare some food for the family. They are preparing the meal. 4 5 6 The meal is ready. The family has come. The meal is over. They are clearing up. Some food is left. Now they have nished work. How do these actions keep food clean? Where are the bad bacteria? What is happening to the bacteria? 67

Chapter 4: Lesson 5 READING Eating dirty food makes you sick. We must keep food clean. We have to protect it from ies, dirt, dirty hands, dirty water and bacteria in the air. We keep food clean by - covering it - wrapping it - using clean pots and plates - washing hands before eating - washing hands before preparing food - washing fruits before eating them - washing vegetables before cooking them - cooking food - re-heating food. Activity 42 What foods should we wash? What foods do we not need to wash? What foods should we cover? What foods should we wrap or put in a container? What kind of food should we re-heat? ASK YOURSELF In my house, who is in charge of the food? How can I help this person? REMEMBER KEEP FOOD CLEAN! For example,... Keeping clean HOW TO HELP In my house, the person in charge of the food is...... I can help by... and by... Take this message home! 68

Chapter 4: Lesson 5 HOMEWORK A Find a person selling food. Find two foods which are covered and two foods which are uncovered. Find out why. B Written work: Write the things you do to keep food clean. Then read your writing to your family. What I do to keep food clean Example...I wash my hands before eating I... I..... C Find out where your water comes from and how it comes to your house. 69

Chapter 4: Lesson 6 LESSON 6 SAFE WATER TO DRINK Which water is safe to drink? Activity 43 What are Chalo and Mule saying? Mule, can I give you some water to drink? Thank you, Chalo. But where did you get the water from? I got it from the river. Is it safe to drink? Should Mule drink Chalo s water? Why? Why not? Activity 44 Chalo s water comes from the river. Kalwe s water comes from a borehole. Mule s water comes from a well. Where does your water come from? How does it come to your house? What makes water dirty? Is your water clean and safe? How do you know? 70

Chapter 4: Lesson 6 READING Water from a borehole or a protected well is usually safe to drink. These water sources do not get dirty easily. Water gets dirty if: - people or animals urinate in it - people or animals pass stools nearby - people bathe or swim in it - people wash clothes in it - animals drink from it. ASK YOURSELF Is my water safe and clean? How do I know? REMEMBER KEEP WATER CLEAN! For example,... Keeping clean WATER SOURCES My water comes from... A This water is quite safe to drink because... B This water is not very safe because... Take this message home! HOMEWORK A B Ask your family how to make water safe for drinking. Written work: Do you carry water to your home? Write about it. Say what you do, where, what for and how often. Then read your writing to your family. Drawing water Example I carry water from the well to the house for washing twice a week.... 71

Chapter 4: Lesson 7 LESSON 7 DRAWING AND STERILIZING WATER How can we make water safe for drinking? How can we sterilize it? Activity 45 What is happening in the pictures? This is Kalwe. He is boiling the water. This is Chiko s mother. She is adding chlorine. Why does this make the water safe? 72

Chapter 4: Lesson 7 Activity 46 Kalwe and Chiko are going to draw water for drinking. They are going with their friends. What should they do rst? Where should they get the water from? How can they draw the water safely? What should they do when they get home? How can they keep the water safe at home? How should they take the water from the container? Show the class how to do these things correctly. 73

Chapter 4: Lesson 7 READING When you draw drinking water, do these things: 1. First, wash your hands well. 2. Take a closed water carrier. 3. Clean the water carrier. 4. Take the water from a safe source. 5. Do not touch the water. 6. When you get home, sterilize the water. 7. Store the water in a clean covered container. 8. When you take water out, do not put your hands in. ASK YOURSELF What do you think is the best way to sterilize drinking water? Why? Keeping clean SAFE DRINKING WATER I prefer to boil drinking water because... I prefer to add chlorine to drinking water because... REMEMBER DRAW WATER CAREFULLY! For example,... 74

Chapter 4: Lesson 7 HOMEWORK A Tell your family all the things you have to do to have safe drinking water. Ask them what they think. B Written work: Write about what you do to have safe water. Then read your writing to your family. Safe water I help make water safe and keep it clean. This is what I do:...... C Look around the area where you live. Are there any places where there is a lot of dirt? What kind of dirt is it? 75

Chapter 4: Lesson 8 LESSON 8 CLEAN SURROUNDINGS Look at your surroundings. Are they clean? What do we do to keep them clean? Activity 47 In the picture, Mule is visiting her sick friend Kanyanta. What are they saying to each other? I am sick. The nurse says I have diarrhoea and malaria Do you know what causes malaria and diarrhoea? I do not know. Here we are always sick. Your surroundings are dirty. Flies sit on faeces and bring diarrhoea when they sit on your food. The tall grass is the home of mosquitoes that bring malaria. Why is Kanyanta always sick? How can we correct what is happening in the picture? How can we keep our surroundings clean? READING Dirt and rubbish spread diseases. Keep your surroundings clean by: - using the toilet - sweeping the grounds - slashing tall grass - burying rubbish. 76

Chapter 4: Lesson 8 ASK YOURSELF What do I do to keep my surroundings clean at home? What do I do to keep my surroundings clean at school? Keeping clean CLEAN SURROUNDINGS This is what I do to keep my surroundings clean: At home, I... At school, I... REMEMBER KEEP YOUR SURROUNDINGS CLEAN. For example,... A HOMEWORK Written work: If we want to be healthy, we must be clean. Write down what else you can do to keep things clean. Read your writing to your family. My new tasks What else can I do to keep things clean? I can... I can... B Is diarrhoea really dangerous? Ask your family. 77

Chapter 4: Revision REVISION OF CHAPTER FOUR We have come to the end of Chapter Four. What did we learn? Hold up all the Remember messages for Chapter Four. Read them out one by one. For each message give examples. Say why each message is important. 78

CHAPTER 5 DIARRHOEA You are going to learn: o what diarrhoeal diseases are o how to look after someone with diarrhoea o how to prevent diarrhoea. LESSON 1 WHAT IS DIARRHOEA? This is Muke. He is sick. What is wrong with him? Activity 48 Discuss these questions: - Have you had diarrhoea? - What happens? - How do you feel? - Do you go to school? When I had diarrhoea I didn t feel like doing anything. If you have diarrhoea, what disease have you got? Our baby had diarrhoea for two whole days. 79

Chapter 5: Lesson 1 READING When you have diarrhoea you have loose watery stools. You have to go to the toilet often. You may vomit. You lose a lot of water and food. Some diarrhoeal diseases are: Common diarrhoea Dangerous! Dysentery Very dangerous! Cholera Very very dangerous! Activity 49 This is what happens when you have diarrhoea. Find a plastic container or a gourd. Make a hole at the bottom. Pour in water at the top. What happens to the water? Put in more water. Can you ll the container? The container is like a person with diarrhoea. When you have diarrhoea, food and water come out of your body. 80

Chapter 5: Lesson 1 ASK YOURSELF Have I had diarrhoea often? How bad was it? How did I feel? REMEMBER Diarrhoea MY EXPERIENCES A I have had diarrhoea once or twice. B I have had diarrhoea often. A It was very bad. B It was not too bad. I felt... DIARRHOEA MAKES YOUR BODY LOSE FOOD AND WATER. HOMEWORK A Tell your family what happens to your body when you have diarrhoea. B Written work: Ask your family about someone who had a diarrhoeal disease. Afterwards, read your writing to them. A diarrhoeal disease Who had it?... When?... Where?... What happened?... C Ask your family if diarrhoea is dangerous. 81

Chapter 5: Lesson 2 LESSON 2 WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS? Do you remember Muke? He has diarrhoea. Activity 50 Is diarrhoea dangerous? What do you think? Could Muke die? READING Diarrhoea can be very dangerous, especially for little children. People can die if they are not treated. Their bodies lose food and water very quickly. When you have diarrhoea you feel weak and you have to lie down. You cannot go to school. You cannot work. Other people in the family can get diarrhoea from you. Activity 51 Do you remember when a family member had diarrhoea? How did it affect their lives? work? education? money? How did it affect the family? My uncle couldn t go shing when he had diarrhoea. So he had no money. And we had no sh to eat. When I had diarrhoea my mother stayed at home to look after me. So she couldn t go to work. 82

Chapter 5: Lesson 2 ASK YOURSELF Do we want diarrhoea? Why? Why not? Diarrhoea WHY WE DON T WANT IT We do not want to have diarrhoea because...... REMEMBER DIARRHOEA MEANS DANGER! For example,... DIARRHOEA COSTS A LOT! For example,... HOMEWORK A Tell your family why you don t want to have diarrhoea. B Written work: Talk to someone who has had diarrhoea. Find out what they did for it. Did they go to the clinic? Did they eat and drink? Did they stay in bed? Did they take medicine? What people do for diarrhoea I talked to... This is what she / he did for diarrhoea:...... C Ask your family how to look after someone with diarrhoea. 83

Chapter 5: Lesson 3 LESSON 3 WHAT CAN WE DO FOR DIARRHOEA? Here is Muke again. He still has diarrhoea. People are giving him advice. Eat a little food. Drink a lot. Go to the health centre. Don t drink too much and don t eat any thing. Drink water in which guava leaves have been soaked. Activity 52 What advice would you give Muke? Choose from what the people are saying. Not all their advice is good. Have you got any other advice? 84

Chapter 5: Lesson 3 READING People with diarrhoea need to eat. They also need to drink a lot. They can drink soup, munkoyo, tea, boiled water and fruit drinks. You can also give a special drink made of sugar, salt and water. If the diarrhoea is very bad, or if there is blood, they should go to the clinic or see a doctor. It may be a dangerous disease. They may need medicine as well as food and drink. Activity 53 To make the special drink: - Take the tip of a teaspoon of salt. - Put it in a glass of boiled water. - Taste it. It should be no saltier than tears. - Take 3 teaspoons of sugar. - Put them in the glass of water. - Mix until they dissolve. 3 teaspoons of sugar a teaspoon tip of salt glass of water ASK YOURSELF If my friend has diarrhoea, what advice will I give? What will I say? REMEMBER FOR DIARRHOEA, DRINK A LOT. For example,... Diarrhoea ADVICE I will tell my friend: 1)... 2)... 3)... Take this message home! 85

Chapter 5: Lesson 3 HOMEWORK A Show your family how to make the special drink. Use a clean cup, a clean spoon and boiled water. B Written work: You are talking to Muke. Finish writing the conversation. Afterwards, read the conversation to your family. Diarrhoea Dialogue You: Muke: Muke, please eat a little and take this drink. But why do I have to drink so much? You: Because......... C Ask your family what causes diarrhoea. 86

Chapter 5: Lesson 4 LESSON 4 HOW DO WE GET DIARRHOEA? Do you remember Muke? Drink a lot Muke had diarrhoea. He got a lot of advice. He drank a lot. He went to the clinic. He s better now. Activity 54 But how did Muke get diarrhoea? Discuss the questions below 1. Is this how he got diarrhoea? 2. Is this how he got diarrhoea? 3. Is this how he got diarrhoea? 4. Is this how he got diarrhoea? 5. Is this how he got diarrhoea? 6. Or did he get it some other way?? 87

Chapter 5: Lesson 4 READING A Diarrhoeal diseases are caused by bacteria. Bacteria are found in dirty water, dirty food and dirty soft drinks, and also on dirty hands. You can get diarrhoea if you: - eat dirty food, or - drink dirty water, or - put dirty hands in your mouth. READING B H O W T H E Y G O T D I A R R H O E A Chalo s story Chalo went swimming in the river. There were a lot of bad bacteria in the river. Chalo drank the water by accident, and got diarrhoea. Muke s story Muke s friend gave him some pumpkin to eat. His friend had diarrhoea. The bacteria were on the pumpkin. Muke ate the pumpkin. He got diarrhoea. Mule s story Mule used the toilet. There were some bad bacteria in the toilet. She got the bacteria on her hands. She didn t wash them. She put her nger in her mouth. The next day she had diarrhoea. Chiko s story Chiko s food was not covered. Some ies found it. They brought bacteria from the house next door. In that house the baby had diarrhoea. Chiko ate the food and Chiko got diarrhoea. 88

Chapter 5: Lesson 4 ASK YOURSELF When you had diarrhoea, how do you think you got it? Was it something you ate? Where? Was it something you drank? Where? Was it something you touched? Where? Diarrhoea HOW I GOT IT When I had diarrhoea, I think I got it because......... REMEMBER AVOID DIRTY FOOD AND WATER For example,... HOMEWORK A Tell one of the stories to your family. Ask them what they think. B Written work: Write a story about another person who had diarrhoea, like Chalo, Muke, Mule and Chiko. Put the name of the person in the title. Then read your story to your family. How... got diarrhoea...... C Ask your family how we can prevent diarrhoeal diseases. 89

Chapter 5: Lesson 5 LESSON 5 HOW CAN WE PREVENT DIARRHOEAL DISEASES? Do you remember Muke, Mule, Chiko and Chalo? They all had diarrhoea. They never want to have it again. Chalo s story Muke s story Mule s story Chiko s story So how can we prevent diarrhoea? Activity 55 What is happening in the pictures? How do these things help to prevent diarrhoea? Washing hands after the toilet Boiling water and covering it Covering food Cleaning toilets Washing fruit and vegetables 90 Cleaning the ground

Chapter 5: Lesson 5 READING It s my job to clean the toilet. I hate it but it is really important. It keeps us all healthy. My mother says we should only drink the water she boils at home. Prevent diarrhoeal diseases by: - washing hands with soap and water - washing fruits and vegetables - keeping food clean - keeping the toilet clean - sterilising drinking water - keeping water clean (and the well) - keeping the house and surroundings clean. Activity 56 CAMPAIGN! The children are having a campaign against diarrhoea. They want to persuade people to drink clean water. They have made a poster. Here is their poster. It is much bigger than this. With your friends, choose a topic. Plan a poster to tell people what to do. 91

Chapter 5: Lesson 5 POSTER DOWN WITH DIARRHOEA! DRINK CLEAN WATER! Boil your drinking water. Put chlorine in it. Cover it. KILL THE BAD BACTERIA! DON T GET DIARRHOEA! ASK YOURSELF Am I keeping things clean more than before? What else can I do to keep things clean? Diarrhoea WHAT I M DOING I am doing more to keep things clean. For example,...... Other things I could do are... 92

Chapter 5: Lesson 5 REMEMBER PREVENT DIARRHOEA! KEEP THINGS CLEAN! For example,... Take this message home! HOMEWORK A Written work: Finish your poster and show it to your family. B Ask your family if it is possible to prevent diarrhoea. REVISION OF CHAPTER FIVE We have come to the end of Chapter Five. What did we learn? Hold up all the Remember messages for Chapter Five. Read them out one by one. For each message give examples. Say why each message is important. 93

CHAPTER 6 MALARIA You are going to learn: o the signs of malaria o how to deal with malaria o the causes of malaria o how to prevent malaria. LESSON 1 QUESTIONS ABOUT MALARIA Have you had malaria? Do you know people who have had malaria? Tell the class. Activity 57 What do you know about malaria? Tell the class everything you know. READING There are six questions about malaria. Discuss them with your group. 1 Can you tell when you have malaria? What are the signs? 5 How do you prevent malaria? 3 What should you do when someone has malaria? 2 Is malaria dangerous? Why / Why not? 6 Can malaria be stopped completely? 4 What causes malaria? How is it carried? Tell the class what you think. 94

Chapter 6: Lesson 1 ASK YOURSELF What would I like to know about malaria? Malaria TO FIND OUT I would like to know...... REMEMBER THERE ARE MANY THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT MALARIA For example,... HOMEWORK A Ask your family one of the six questions. B Written work: In your family, how many people have had malaria? How often? How badly? Write the answers. After you have nished, read your writing to your family. Malaria in my family Who? How often? How badly?.................. 95

Chapter 6: Lesson 2 LESSON 2 HOW DO YOU KNOW IT IS MALARIA? What is malaria like? What are the signs (or symptoms)? Activity 58 Has Chilo got malaria? How do we know? Let s ask her. Chilo, have you got diarrhoea? Have you got fever all the time? Are you sweating? How long have you been sick? No Yes Two days. Are you shivering? Do you feel hot and cold? Yes Have you been vomiting? Do you think you have malaria? No READING When you have malaria you have fever: you sometimes feel cold and shiver, and you sometimes feel hot and sweat. You feel pain in the body, and you have a headache. Sometimes people with malaria vomit and have diarrhoea, but not always. Activity 59 Have you had malaria? What was it like? Do you know someone who has had malaria? Describe what it was like. 96

Chapter 6: Lesson 2 ASK YOURSELF Can I recognize malaria? How? What questions do I ask to nd out? Malaria HAVE YOU GOT MALARIA? I want to know if someone has malaria. My rst questions are:...... REMEMBER MALARIA MEANS FEVER. You feel... HOMEWORK A Ask your family about what happened when they had malaria. How did they feel? How long did it last? Could they work? B Written work: Write a real story about someone who had malaria you or someone else. Write about the symptoms and the effects. Then read your writing to your family. Having malaria......... C What should you do if someone has malaria? Ask your family. 97

Chapter 6: Lesson 3 LESSON 3 WHAT TO DO ABOUT MALARIA What do we know about malaria now? Activity 60 Answer the questions with the help of your friends. Does malaria make you miss school? Does malaria make people miss work? Can malaria kill you? Is malaria dangerous? What should we do if someone has malaria? Activity 61 There isn t any good medicine for malaria. Keep her cool. Do not let her eat or drink too much. Take her to the health centre. Leave her alone. Give her lots of water to Give her lots drink of water to drink. She will get over it. Get her some medicine from the market. Get medicine from the clinic. Who is right? What advice would you give? READING Malaria is a very dangerous disease. It makes you sick. It can take your time and your money. Malaria can kill. It kills a lot of people, especially little children. But it can be cured. When people have malaria, give them plenty of drinks, and take them to the health centre for medicine immediately. Little children can die in a day if they do not get treatment. 98

Chapter 6: Lesson 3 ASK YOURSELF If my little sister has malaria, what should I do? Malaria WHAT TO DO IF SOMEONE HAS MALARIA The rst thing to do is... The next thing to do is... REMEMBER MALARIA IS DANGEROUS. GO TO THE CLINIC IMMEDIATELY Take this message home! HOMEWORK A B Talk to your family about people who had malaria. Did they go to the Health Centre? If not, why? Did they take medicine? If not, why? Written work: Write about what people did, and why. Then read your writing to your family. Who What they did Why.................. C Ask your family what causes malaria. 99

Chapter 6: Lesson 4 LESSON 4 HOW DO PEOPLE GET MALARIA? What causes malaria? Where does it come from? Activity 62 This is where malaria comes from: Do you know this insect? What do you know about it? What noise does it make? When do you see it and hear it? Where do you see and hear it? Where does it live? What does it do to you? 100

Activity 63 Explain what is happening in the pictures. Show the class how mosquitoes give you malaria. Chapter 6: Lesson 4 READING Malaria is caused by a tiny invisible living thing, a parasite. It lives and grows in people s blood. If you have the parasite in your blood, you get malaria. The parasite is carried from sick people to healthy people. Only one thing can carry the parasite from a sick person to a healthy person. This is a special kind of mosquito, the anopheles mosquito. It is very dangerous. ASK YOURSELF Am I afraid of mosquitoes? Why? Why not? Malaria THE CAUSE A I am afraid of mosquitoes because... B I am not afraid of mosquitoes because... 101

Chapter 6: Lesson 4 REMEMBER MOSQUITOES CARRY MALARIA How? HOMEWORK A B Show your family how mosquitoes carry malaria. Talk about the sick child, the healthy child, the parasite and the mosquito. Show them the picture in this lesson or give them a demonstration. Written work: Ask your family how we can prevent malaria. Write down their answers. How we prevent malaria We prevent malaria by......... 102

Chapter 6: Lesson 5 LESSON 5 HOW TO PREVENT MALARIA To avoid malaria we have to avoid mosquito bites. What can we do? Activity 64 What is happening in the pictures? How do these actions prevent malaria? READING There are many ways of avoiding mosquito bites. We can: - spray rooms with insecticide - light a mosquito coil - rub our skins with special lotion - sleep under treated mosquito nets - put oil onto pools of water - ll holes and pools of water - bury empty tins or turn them upside down - wear clothes which cover us well - cut long grass near the house - put screens on windows. 103

Chapter 6: Lesson 5 Activity 65 How do the actions in the Reading prevent mosquito bites? - Do they kill mosquitoes? - Do they stop them breeding? - Do they keep mosquitoes away from us? - Do they stop them biting us when they are near? Activity 66 Discuss with your friends: - Which ways are cheap? - Which ways are quick? - Which ways are easy? - Which ways work very well? ASK YOURSELF What do I do to protect myself from mosquito bites? What else can I do? REMEMBER KILL MOSQUITOES. MOSQUITOES KILL. Avoid mosquito bites by... Malaria PREVENTING MALARIA This is what I do to protect myself from mosquito bites:... I can also:... Take this message home! 104

Chapter 6: Lesson 5 HOMEWORK A Ask your family how you can help to prevent malaria. B Written work: Find out the cost of the things in the box. Costs insect spray... mosquito coils... skin lotion... bed nets... treating bed nets... screens for windows... REVISION OF CHAPTER SIX We have come to the end of Chapter Six. What did we learn? Hold up all the Remember messages for Chapter Six. Read them out one by one. For each message give examples. Say why each message is important. 105

Appendix One Appendix One GLOSSARY available bacteria balanced diet breast milk breeding chlorine delicious demonstrate diarrhoea diary diet disease draw water energy fever growth palm oil persuade prevent quality recommend safe food snacks source spices staple food sterilize stool surroundings symptoms vegetable oil something is available if you can nd it easily very small living things you cannot see with your eyes a diet which has all the different types of good food mother s milk producing young ones liquid for killing germs/bacteria tasting good show others how to do something passing watery stools often a record of things you have done everything a person eats and drinks sickness get water from a river, well or borehole that which makes it possible to do things; you need energy to work, play and study high body temperature; you feel hot when you are sick growing oil from palm trees talk to someone in order to get them to do something stop something from happening bad or good condition; for example, good fresh food is high quality tell someone that something is good food which does not make you sick small amounts of food that people eat between meals where something comes from things which make food nice to eat, for example, pepper, curry powder the common food we eat at every meal, for example, nshima kill germs/bacteria faeces things around you signs of sickness oil which comes from plants, for example, corn oil, palm oil, groundnut oil 106

Appendix Two Appendix Two TAKE THESE MESSAGES HOME! Chapter One WE NEED GOOD FOOD ALL THE YEAR GOOD MEALS HAVE ALL KINDS OF FOOD Chapter Two EAT BEFORE YOU COME TO SCHOOL BRING FOOD TO SCHOOL TO EAT EAT MANY FRUITS AND VEGETABLES EVERY DAY EAT FRUIT AFTER MEALS Chapter Three MEALS SHOULD BE WELL-BALANCED THEY SHOULD HAVE SOMETHING OF EVERYTHING EAT WELL! HAVE A GOOD DIET! SICK PEOPLE NEED A VERY GOOD DIET Chapter Four DIRT SPREADS DISEASE WASH YOUR HANDS PROPERLY WASH YOUR HANDS OFTEN KEEP FOOD CLEAN! KEEP WATER CLEAN! Chapter Five FOR DIARRHOEA, DRINK A LOT PREVENT DIARRHOEA! KEEP THINGS CLEAN! Chapter Six MALARIA IS DANGEROUS GO TO THE CLINIC IMMEDIATELY KILL MOSQUITOES. MOSQUITOES KILL. 107

Appendix Two SENDENI AYA MASHIWI KU NG ANDA! Chapter One TULAFWAYA IFYAKULYA IFISUMA MU MWAKA ONSE. IMILILE ISUMA ILAKWATA IFYAKULYA IFYA MITUNDU YONSE Chapter Two LYENI ILYO TAMULAISA KU SUKULU ISEENI NEFYAKULYA KU SUKULU LYENI IFISABO IFINGI NA IMISALU LYONSE LYENI IFISABO PANUMA YA FYAKULYA FIKALAMBA Chapter Three IFYAKULYA FIFWILE FYABA IFYAPUSANA PUSANA. FIFWILE FYAKWATA UMULYO LYENI BWINO! KWATENI IMILILE ISUMA! ABALWELE BAFWILE BAKWATA IMILILE ISUMA Chapter Four IFIKO FILALETA UBULWELE SAMBENI IMINWE YENU BWINO-BWINO SAMBENI IMINWE YENU LYONSE SUNGENI IFYAKULYA UBUSAKA! SUNGENI AMEENSHI UBUSAKA! Chapter Five NWENI AMEENSHI AYENGI NGA MWAPOLOMYA ICINGILILENI KU BULWELE BWA KUPOLOMYA! SUNGENI IFINTU UBUSAKA! Chapter Six UBULWELE BWA MPEPO BUUBI KABIYENI KU CHIPATALA APOPENE IPAYENI MUNGWI NGWI MUNGWI NGWI ALEPAYA 108

Appendix Two MAKE A BORDER FOR YOUR TAKE-HOME MESSAGES! REMEMBER 109

NUTRITION EDUCATION Pupil s Book Grade 4 Curriculum Development Centre, Zambia and The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2007