HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN FOOD-RELATED AREA IN MALAYSIA 21-22 JANUARY 2014 JAKARTA, INDONESIA PROF. DR. ABDUL SHUKOR JURAIMI DEAN FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
Presentation Outline Background of Agriculture Sector in Malaysia Higher Learning In Food Related Area Research and Development In Food Related Area Issues/Problems UPM s role in spearheading Malaysian agriculture
Background Agriculture contributes about 10% of country s GDP. 12% of population are engaged in agriculture. About 24% of Malaysia's land area (7,605,000 ha) for agriculture (arable and permanent cropland). Only 5% cropland is actually irrigated. Huge plantations viz. rubber were planted since 1876, Palm oil (1917), and Cocoa (1950). Other crops grown are rice, maize, vegetable and fruits.
THE ISSUE at hand: Agriculture is back on the agenda, BUT return to agriculture remains low Malaysia - returns to agriculture remains low, with the exception of large scale enterprises, palm oil and agro-based industries Supply sector constraints limit growth Small scale farms The strong pull of the industrial and services sector Limited government and private sector investment Resource constraints and lack of appropriate technology All the above lead to LOW productivity Demand sector is bright Income increase Population increase The retail revolution Growing concern of food security and safety 5 5
UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN FOOD-RELATED AREA 6
UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN FOOD-RELATED AREA 1 No of Univ. Related to Food and Agriculture in Malaysia 2 No of Institutes/Colleges Related to Food and Agriculture 19 9 3 No of Academic Programs 59 4 No of Enrolments Per Year 11,000-12,000 students (~2000 students intake Per year) 5 No of Graduates Per Year 1,900-2,200 graduates
List of Universities in Malaysia related to Agriculture/Food Production Major Universities (6) Other Universities (10) Private Universities (3) Uni. Putra Malaysia (UPM) Uni. Malaya (UM) Uni. Selangor (UNISEL) Uni. Malaysia Sabah (UMS) Uni. Utara Malaysia (UUM) Uni. Malaysia Terengganu Uni. Kebangsaan Malaysia (UMT) (UKM) Uni. Sultan Zainal Abidin Uni. Sains Malaysia (USM) (UniSZA) Uni. Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Uni. Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Uni. Nottingham Kampus Malaysia (NOTTG) Uni. Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Uni. Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) Uni. Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Uni. Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) Uni. Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Uni. Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Uni. Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
List of Colleges and Training Institutes in Malaysia related to Agriculture/Food Production (Non-degree Programs) Institutes / Colleges (9) Poly-technical Institutes MARA Professional College RISDA College National Agriculture Training College-NATC (MOA) MOA (Department of Agriculture) MOA (Department of Veterinary Services) College of Agriculture Malaysia Skill-Tech Institute International Institute of Plantation Management
List of Programs in University University Program Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)-21 Bachelor-15 Bachelor of Agriculture (Aquaculture) Bachelor of Agriculture (Animal Science) Bachelor of Science (Agribusiness) Bachelor of Science (Bioindustry) Bachelor of Horticultural Science Bachelor of Agricultural Science Bachelor of Education (Agricultural Science) Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Bachelor of Engineering (Agriculture and Biosystem) Bachelor of Science (Food Education Bachelor of Science Food Technology Bachelor Engineering (Process and Food) Bachelor of Education (Agricultural Sciences) Bachelor of Science (Food Services ) Bachelor of Science Bioindustry
List of Programs in University University Program Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)-21 Diploma-6 Diploma in Animal Health and Production Diploma in Food Plantation Management Diploma in Agriculture Diploma in Fisheries Diploma in Agribusiness Diploma in Agricultural Engineering Diploma in Fisheries Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)-4 Bachelor Bachelor of Agricultural Science (Crop Production) Bachelor of Agricultural Science (Horticulture and Landscape) Bachelor of Agricultural Science (Livestock Production) Bachelor of Aquacultural Science
List of Programs in University University Program Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)-6 Bachelor Bachelor Agrotechnology (Post-Harvest Technology) Bachelor of Applied (Fisheries) Bachelor of Agrotechnoloy (Aquaculture) Bachelor of Food (Food Technology) Bachelor of Food (Food Services and Nutrition) Diploma Diploma in Fisheries Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)-4 Bachelor Bachelor of Agricultural Technology Entrepreneurship Bachelor of Bioindustrial Technology Bachelor of Animal Production Bachelor of Product Development Technology Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM)-2 Bachelor Bachelor of Science Technology and Plantation Management Diploma Diploma Plantation Industries and Management Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)-1 Bachelor Bachelor of Agribusiness Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI)-1 Bachelor Bachelor of Education (Agricultural Science) with Honoured Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR)-1 Bachelor Bachelor (Agriculture)
List of Programs in Institutes and College Institutes / Colleges Polytechnical Institutes-4 MARA Professional College-1 RISDA College-2 National Agriculture Training College (MOA)-1 MOA (Department of Agriculture)-1 MOA (Department of Veterinary Services)-1 College of Agriculture Malaysia-1 Skill-Tech Institute-9 Program Diploma Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Agriculture) Diploma in Agrotechnology Diploma in Aquaculture Diploma in Landscape Horticulture Certificate Certificate of Mechanical Engineering (Agriculture) Diploma Diploma In Agro-Business (DAB) Diploma Diploma in Agriculture Diploma in Platation Management Certificate Certificate of Agricultural Science Diploma Diploma in Malaysian Skill Certificate Certificate of Malaysian Skill Certificate Certificate of Agriculture Malaysia Certificate Certificate of Veterinary Malaysia Certificate Certificate of Agriculture of Peninsular Malaysia Agriculture Institute (IPSM) Certificate Certificate of Aquaculture Certificate of Fruits Certificate of Plantation Certificate of Landscape Certificate of Vegetable Certificate of Marketing Certificate of Processing
Undergraduate Enrolment Enrolment Number of enrolment, 2003-2012 Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Number of enrolment % Growth Undergraduate Enrolment Trend, 2003-2012 Average Enrolment / Year 3,448 4,023 5,701 6,549 6,867 7,192 10,097 11,263 11,205 12,597 7,894 16.7 41.7 14.9 4.9 4.7 40.4 11.5-0.5 12.4 16.3 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 Total 4,000 2,000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year
Graduates in Agriculture Undergraduate Graduated Number of Graduates, 2003-2012 Year Number of Graduates 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Average Graduates / Year 390 423 735 791 1,122 1,579 3,055 2,028 2,237 1,909 1,427 % Growth 8.5 73.8 7.6 41.8 40.7 93.5-33.6 10.3-14.7 25 Trend of Number of Graduates in Agriculture from 2003-2012 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 Total 1,000 500 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year
Number of Graduates Trend of Number of Graduates in Agriculture (different categories), 2003-2012 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 多 項 式 (Bachelor) 多 項 式 (Diploma ) 多 項 式 (Certificate) 400 200 0-200 -400 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year
Number of Graduates Number of Graduates by Universities Related to Agriculture in Malaysia, 2003-2012 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200-2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Universities
Graduate Employed Total: 18,246 Number of Graduate Employed (Different Field) 2003-2013 Marketing (2471) Food Crop (62) Research and Innovation ( 2517) Veterinary (1169) Plantation (4518) Agricultural Extension (7433) Planning and Economic (76)
Number of Graduates in Agriculture in Different Level of Education, 2012 Level of Education UPM UMT UMS UUM POLY KPMARA RISDA IST IIPM KPM Total % Bachelor 355 346 93 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 839 32 Diploma 194 102 0 0 84 115 231 0 0 0 726 27 Certificate 0 0 0 0 87 0 11 695 251 46 1090 41 Total 549 448 93 45 171 115 242 695 251 46 2655 100
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 20
Number Number and Average Annual Growth Rate of Research Grants, Publications, Patents and Agricultural Products For All Higher Education Institutions, 2006-2012 1200 1048 1000 942 Growth Rate / Year 800 746 600 741 RESEARCH GRANT PUBLICATION 26.1 % 15.3 % 496 PATENT 42.2 % 400 312 284 245 313 327 PRODUCT 31.7 % 200 0 256 241 174 190 62 18 47 35 6 15 44 10 15 9 16 19 22 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year
Share (%) and Number of Research Grants, Publications, Patents and Agricultural Products by Area, 2006-2012 Area Research Grants Publication Patent Product No. % No. % No. % No. % Food Crops 439 24.7 1315 29.0 39 18.7 46 38.7 Commodity crops 273 15.4 804 17.7 43 20.6 13 10.9 Livestock 199 11.2 335 7.4 29 13.9 15 12.6 Marine Fisheries 40 2.3 87 1.9 1 0.5 0 0.0 Aquaculture Fisheries 156 8.8 320 7.0 9 4.3 0 0.0 Agricultural Engineering 214 12.1 275 6.1 50 23.9 6 5.0 Agricultural Economics 65 3.7 131 2.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 Agricultural Extension 50 2.8 61 1.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 Food Science & Technology 137 7.7 627 13.8 16 7.7 14 11.8 Herb 163 9.2 378 8.3 21 10.0 20 16.8 Floriculture 38 2.1 208 4.6 1 0.5 5 4.2 Total 1774 100 4541 100 209 100 119 100
Total of Number of Research Grant by University, 2006-2012 University 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total % UPM 130 224 152 200 165 226 238 1335 75.25 UMS 2 12 8 3 11 18 13 67 3.78 UMT 0 0 0 9 14 19 12 54 3.04 UniSZA 0 0 1 1 8 3 5 18 1.01 UiTM 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 0.45 UMK 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 0.39 UM 21 15 6 2 0 1 2 47 2.65 USM 8 18 4 5 13 7 6 61 3.44 UTM 1 2 0 2 1 4 7 17 0.96 UUM 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 3 0.17 UNIMAS 1 2 5 0 0 0 2 10 0.56 UPSI 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.06 USIM 1 2 0 1 1 5 1 11 0.62 UniMAP 8 6 9 14 18 15 12 82 4.62 UNISEL 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 0.23 NOTTG 1 2 3 0 4 3 3 16 0.90 UTAR 0 0 2 8 5 12 6 33 1.86 Total 174 284 190 245 241 313 327 1774 100.00
Number and percentage (%) Research Grant by Higher Education Institutions, 2006-2012 Area UPM UMS UMT UniSZA UiTM UMK No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Food Crops 313 23.4 26 38.8 12 22.2 9 50.0 5 62.5 2 28.6 Commodity Crops 230 17.2 13 19.4 0 0.0 1 5.6 3 37.5 0 0.0 Livestock 166 12.4 2 3.0 7 13.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Marine Fisheries 19 1.4 3 4.5 4 7.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Aquaculture Fisheries Agricultural Engineering Agricultural Economics Agricultural Extension Food Science & Technology 91 6.8 2 3.0 18 33.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 14.3 173 13.0 5 7.5 2 3.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 14.3 56 4.2 3 4.5 1 1.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 47 3.5 1 1.5 0 0.0 2 11.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 96 7.2 8 11.9 9 16.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 14.3 Herb 115 8.6 3 4.5 1 1.9 4 22.2 0 0.0 2 28.6 Floriculture 29 2.2 1 1.5 0 0.0 2 11.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 Jumlah 1335 100 67 100 54 100 18 100 8 100 7 100
Issues/Problems Lack of interest among school leavers to apply for studies in agriculture/food production Lack of infrastructure/equipment among new universities to provide practical knowledge to students Opportunities for industrial training in food related activities are limited. 75% of agriculture devoted to oil palm and rubber plantations Upstream food production activities dominated by small farmers e.g. rice, fruit and vegetable production. Limited opportunity for students to develop practical skills.
Expectation Future Cooperation HRD International internship for students to learn new technology in food production with countries that are advanced in food production. Research activities with food producing countries to develop Malaysian expertise in food production technology especially rice and ruminant production. Cooperative research in seed production studies to overcome problem of local seed production in Malaysia.
What can UPM do to spearhead Malaysian agriculture? Bridging the technological gap.. UPM could spearhead agriculture through bridging the technological gap between the university labs and the farms and university labs and industry to improve productivity, efficiency and towards sustainable development. Areas of contributions are: Human resource development UPM is the leading IHL that produce agricultural leaders and highly trained agricultural personnel in the country and will continue to do so Technological transfer UPM has a number of technologies to be transferred that will help improve productivity and efficiency Building entrepreneurship UPM has the capacity to train agro-entrepreneurs who are competent in technology and business Policy labs Malaysian government embarks on transformation plan through their policy labs. UPM is capable to mobilise their policy labs to analyse agricultural policies. 27 27
UPM s role in spearheading Malaysian agriculture: Mobilising our core competencies, academic, research and professional services UPM has the institutional capacity to churn out knowledge, technology and innovation to advance agriculture through academic programmes, research and professional services. Academic programmes Provide programmes that are complete encompassing farm to table and whole value chain (production, post-harvest, processing, biotecnology, veterinary, environment, agribusiness, engineering and forestry) Strong graduate programmes Research Research are current addressing issues such as production, processing, biotechnology, green technology, sustainable resource management, port-harvest losses, food safety and traceability Received high research grants in agriculture Strong in research publication in the international arena Professional service Training, extension and outreach programmes 28 28
Terima Kasih 29