Tracking Non-residential Pesticide Use in Urban Areas of California Nila Kreidich UC Davis, IPM Graduate Program Under the direction of: Mary Lou Flint, Cheryl Wilen, and Minghua Zhang Objectives 1. Identify non-residential pesticide user groups in urban environments 2. Examine the pesticide use trends of groups who report pesticide use 3. Investigate the sources of information about pesticides and IPM within each user group 4. Develop recommendations on comprehensive and effective outreach approach/ strategy for urban insecticide user groups 1
Methods DPR Pesticide Use Report (PUR) database Examined non-agricultural pesticide use data Interviews Surveys Pest Management Professionals UCCE Advisors Pest Control Companies Apartment Managers Pet Groomers and Kennels Cemeteries Parks and Recreation Departments Study Sites Area of study: Sacramento, San Diego, and Orange County Arcade Creek Watershed Chollas Creek Watershed San Diego Creek & Upper Newport Bay Watershed 38 sq miles 25 sq miles 125 sq miles 56% 67% % Residential 15-2% 2
Pesticide User Groups Groups that Report Pesticide Use: Structural Pest Control Licensed Landscape Professionals Public Agency Pest Control Right-of-Ways Public Health Regulatory Pest Control Reported Non-agricultural Pesticide Use in California Structural Pest Control Right-of-ways Landscape Maintenance Public Health Regulatory Pest Control 12% 1% 4% 7 6, 32% 15% 5 4 3 2 1 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 Structural Pest Control Right-of-ways Regulatory Pest Control Landscape Maintenance Public Health Pest Control 3
23 Non-fumigant Insecticide Use Sacramento % San Diego % Orange % Structural Pest Control 44294 93% 26951 9% 25836 98% Landscape Maintenance 1984 4% 22737 1% 2929 1% Right-of-ways 27.4% 137.1% 921.4% Public Health Pest Control 988 2% 142.1% 562.2% Regulatory Pest Control 4.1% 41.2% 145.1% TOTAL 47476 23369 262863 23 Herbicide Use Sacramento % San Diego % Orange % Structural Pest Control 1394 1% 336 2% 17 % Landscape Maintenance 39533 39% 58356 38% 65366 53% Right-of-ways 56825 56% 91943 6% 58928 47% Public Health Pest Control 39.4% 1.% 161.1% Regulatory Pest Control 437 4% 82.1% 17.1% TOTAL 11828 153743 12449 4
Pesticide User Groups Groups who are not licensed and generally do not report pesticide use: Residents who apply pesticides to their homes or landscapes Maintenance Gardeners (some) Pet Groomers/ Kennels Commercial Institutional Industrial The Department of Defense Structural Pest Control Non-fumigant Insecticide Use Trends % of state total use, 23: 14% Orange 12% San Diego 2% Sacramento Insecticide Use Trends, Adjusted for Building Density.25.2 Total lbs of a.i. 23 applied, 258,36 in Orange 26,951 in San Diego 44,294 in Sacramento Adjusted ratio of lbs of active ingredient*.15.1.5. 2 21 22 23 Sacramento Orange San Diego 5
Structural Pest Control Fumigant Use Trends The most frequently used fumigant in California is sulfuryl fluoride Drywood termites + high population density in San Diego and Orange Counties = more fumigant use Sulfuryl Fluoride Use, thousands of lbs of a.i. 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 23 22 21 2 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 3,16,333 lbs of a.i. of sulfuryl fluoride was applied in CA in 23 Sacramento County San Diego County Orange County Structural Pest Control How is reported non-fumigant insecticide use changing in California? 14 12 Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Select Pyrethroids* 1 8 6 4 2 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 6
Structural Pest Control Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Use Trends, adjusted for building density.3 The reported use of diazinon and chlorpyrifos has been steadily declining Adjusted *.25.2.15.1.5 Y= -.117x + 23.414 R 2 =.4251 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 Sacramento San Diego Orange Structural Pest Control The reported use of select pyrethroids and fipronil has been increasing Fipronil Use Trends (1997-23) 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Sacramento County Orange County San Diego County 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 Select Pyrethroid Use Trends, adjusted for building density Adjusted.8.7.6.5 Y=.42x - 8.3478 R 2 =.67.4.3.2.1. 1992 1994 1996 1998 2 22 24 Sacramento San Diego Orange 7
Structural Pest Control The number of OP and pyrethroid applications 7 San Diego County Select Pyrethroids number of applications 6 5 4 3 2 1 1993 1994 diazinon & chlorpyrifos 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 number of applications 6 5 4 3 2 Orange County Select Pyrethroids diazinon & chlorpyrifos 1 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 Structural Pest Control What pyrethroids are gaining popularity? San Diego Count Bifenthrin 35 Cypermethrin Deltamethrin 3 lambda-cyhalothrin Orange County Permethrin 25 Cyfluthrin 2 15 1 5 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Bifenthrin Cypermethrin Deltamethrin Lambda-cyhalothrin Permethrin Cyfluthrin 1 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 8
? Licensed Landscape Professionals Who are they? Professional landscape maintenance companies Golf Course Superintendents Parks and Recreation Departments Cemetery Landscape Managers Sports Turf Managers Landscape Pest Specialists This group is reachable! Licensed Landscape Professionals Pesticide Use Breakdown, 23 San Diego Oil 22% Molluscicide Insecticide Sacramento County Herbicide Orange County 15% 6% % 4% 45% Fungicide 2% 2% 3% 27% 23% 9% 1% 75% A substantial portion of pesticides applied to turf and ornamentals goes unreported in CA! 66% 9
Perfect lawns and ornamental plant beds = herbicides Licensed Landscape Professionals Herbicide Use Trends Herbicide Use, Adjusted for Building Unit Density.1 lbs of a.i. per building unit.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 7 6 5 4 3 2 Glyphosate Use Sacramento San Diego Orange Sacramento San Diego Orange 1 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 1
Licensed Landscape Professionals Insecticide Use The reported use of diazinon and chlorpyrifos has been decreasing adjusted for building density*.45.4.35.3.25.2.15.1.5 Y= -.3x +.6795 R 2 =.3376 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 Sacramento San Diego Orange Licensed Landscape Professionals Insecticide Use.14 The reported use of imidacloprid has been increasing adjusted for building density.12.1.8.6.4.2 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 Sacramento San Diego Orange County 11
Public Agency Pest Control: Right-of- Ways Majority of use is herbicides (refer to 23 data below) In 23, the two most frequently applied herbicides were glyphosate and diuron Sacramento Count Insecticides 1% Other 1% Fungicide s Fumigants 9% Adjuvants 3% Pounds of Active Ingredient Used Herbicides 56825 Insecticides 867 Fumigants 7259 Algicides 5313 Fungicides 385 Adjuvants 2893 Other* 519 Herbicides 67% Algicides 6% TOTAL 166451 Public Agency Pest Control: Public Health 12% of the total reported non-agricultural pesticide use in CA In 23, > 5% of the pesticides applied were oils As a result of the West Nile Virus, it is expected that insecticide use will increase 12
Public Agency Pest Control: Public Health Trends in Public Health Pesticide Use (1993-23) 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 Sacramento San Diego Orange 2 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 Public Agency Pest Control: Regulatory Pest Control Pesticide Use Trends 7 6 Sacramento County San Diego County Orange County Lbs of Active Ingredient Applied 5 4 3 2 1 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 Of the total non-agricultural pesticide use in CA, in 23 only 1% was reported under this category 13
Conclusions The PUR database is valuable tool; however, it only represents a fraction of total urban pesticide use PUR data is generally reliable for structural pest control and public agency pest control Structural pest control accounts for over 9% of the total reported insecticide use Acknowledgements Research funded by the California Department of Pesticide Regulation Contract 2-198C Urban Insecticide Users Outreach Strategy Development Study Special thanks to Nan Singhasemanon and my thesis committee 14
THANK YOU Report will be available this spring on DPR s website: http://www.cdpr.ca.gov Additional information: Nila Kreidich- nikreidich@ucdavis.edu Mary Louise Flint- mlflint@ucdavis.edu 15