Biology of Insects & Rodents Bed Bug Management & New Tools 1

Transcription

1 Bed Bug Management Tools Dini M. Miller Ph. D Associate Professor and Urban Pest Management Specialist Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA Bed Bugs as Pests Most animal species suffer or become extinct in human environments. However, a few species of animals do better (survive or reproduce) in the presence of humans. We call them pests. Pests thrive in human environments where we supply them with food, moisture, and shelter. Because pests live better with us than without us they are really difficult to get rid of. We should not be surprised at the bed bug resurgence, we should be amazed that we managed a year reprieve. Why Are Bed Bugs A Problem? At first, we treated them like cockroaches. Gangloff-Kaugfman et al survey of pest control companies 98.6% making crack an crevice applications (liquid or dust) 67.9% used sticky traps 92.3% used liquid spray on baseboards, floors and other surfaces 40% never used aerosols or general dusting MaxForce Gel bait on mattresses Bed Bug Management & New Tools 1

2 Why Are Bed Bugs Problem? Overwhelmingly pyrethroids, were the insecticides of choice with deltamethrin and cyfluthrin most commonly mentioned. IGRs were used in combination with pyrethroids Steam, heat, freezing, and mattress encasements were not used by most companies. Bed bugs found in box springs and mattresses >94 % of the time. Lawsuits NYC >2000 summonses in 2006 The questions: Did the hotel know they had an infestation? Should they have known? Was there a prevention program in place? Can a landlord charge tenants for bed bug control? Claims: Damage Injury (bites) Emotional stress Leslie Fox: Suing for 21 million Legislation San Francisco passed Directors Rules and Regulations on how to Control Bed bug infestation Article 11, Sec. 581 of Public Health Code on Sept.1, 2006 Property Owners and Operators shall not have a public nuisance on the property Tenants must clean and cooperate with owners and PCOs or be cited PCOs have guidelines for inspection and treatment procedures 2009 Virginia HB Landlord is to maintain fit premises. Tenant shall prepare the dwelling for pesticide application according to management instructions. If insects are found Bed Bug Management & New Tools 2

3 Obstacles to Bed Bug Control in the United States Communication with residents (language barriers, literacy, denial) Tenants hiding infestations (due to cost of control) and treating on their own Few prevention programs (denial) No pesticide that works 100% Pest control companies that do not understand bed bugs or the cost of control Physical conditions of the habitat Obstacles to Control Obstacles to Control Bed Bug Management & New Tools 3

4 Insecticide Misuse Use of non-labeled insecticides in the home. Spraying insecticides on the body Spraying insecticides all over the home Misuse of aerosol foggers Using products purchased over the internet from other countries (China, India, Turkey etc.) 10% lambda-cyhalothrin (Indian Crawling Insect Killer) Bed Bug Control Methods Our laboratory has focused on evaluating bed bug control methods. Efficacy Professional use insecticides Field and laboratory Consumer on-line products Mattress covers Fumigation Heat Treatment Current Bed Bug Treatments? Multiple applications of spray formulation insecticides. Crack and crevice applications. Typically pyrethroid class insecticides. One pro-insecticide and one IGR formulation. Do not pick up dried pesticide very well Widespread resistance to pyrethroids Bed Bug Management & New Tools 4

5 Bed Bug Response to Residual Sprays Products applied on hardboard panels Demand CS (AI 0.03%) Tempo SC Ultra (AI 0.05%) Talstar One (AI 0.02%) Suspend SC (AI 0.06%) Dragnet (AI 0.5%) Phantom (AI 0.5%) Hard board surfaces were sprayed to the point of runoff at label concentrations. Residual Spray Results: Susceptible Strain Treatment N LT (% Hour) 95% CIs Slope + SE Lambda-cyhalothrin 0.03% 0.34 (20 min) a Beta-cyfluthrin 0.05% 0.73 (44 min) b Bifenthrin 0.02% 0.89 (53 min) c Deltamethrin 0.06% 1.01 (61 min) d Permethrin 0.5% 1.46 (1h 46min) e Chlorfenapyr 0.5% (10d 9h) f Apartments in Arlington VA Bed Bug Management & New Tools 5

6 Residual Spray Results: Arlington, VA Strain Treatment N LT (% Hour) 95% CIs Slope + SE Lambdacyhalothrin 1.18 (1h 18 min) d Beta-cyfluthrin (12 h 10 min) f Bifenthrin (3 d 16 h) g Deltamethrin (19 d 2 h) h Group home in Richmond, VA Box Springs and Stuffed Animals Bed Bug Management & New Tools 6

7 Inspecting the Inspectors Residual Spray Results: Richmond, VA Strain Treatment N LT (% Hour) 95% CI Lambda-cyhalothrin Beta-cyfluthrin (6 days 11 h) (9 days 13 hours) a b Bifenthrin Deltamethrin Permethrin (5 days 1 h) (13 days 8 h) >432 >18 days a c Direct Spray of these products works better Bedlam Aerosol Bedlam 0.4% Sumithrin Residual Spray Laboratory strain LT value ~2 hours Resistant bed bugs had only 33% mortality in after 14 days. Direct spray Resistant strain 13% mortality in 24 hours Resistant eggs- 49% survival (2 weeks after hatch) Bed Bug Management & New Tools 7

8 Non-Pyrethroid: Phantom Phantom (chlorfenapyr) Residual LT for laboratory strain bed bugs is >19 days Direct Spray LT for resistant (Richmond) strain bed bugs is >3.16 days Phantom Aerosol produced 100% mortality in Richmond strain and killed 100% of eggs! IGRs: Gentrol Concentrate Tank mix with pyrethroids Kills many bed bugs during their final molt to adulthood Mortality is greatest in adult females Does not stop reproduction in surviving bed bugs Dying adults (males) are still able to reproduce at least once before death This Gentrol treated male was able to produce 14 offspring before dying Pyrethroid and Other Dusts Pyrethroid dusts are more effective that sprays Drione Tri-Die Tempo 1% Delta Dust Laboratory strain died in 1 hour Resistant strain died in 5-15 hours Desiccant dusts 2-17 days Diatomaceous Earth Food grade Dusts cannot be applied in many locations Bed Bug Management & New Tools 8

9 Summary: Conventional Insecticides Resistance to pyrethroid products is very high. Not all populations are equally resistant or resistant to the same products. Direct spray is more effective (lower LT ) than exposure to dry deposits Dusts work but cannot be placed in all locations What we are missing is a residual spray product. How effective are the online products? Get Rid of the Bed Bugs, the itch & the sores TODAY! Without the Use of Harmful Pesticides! PuraCleenRxTM Bed Bug Elimination Kits Thwart Bed bug Spray Tea Tree 2% non-toxic polymers fused with deterrent enzymes "How Thwart Bed Bug Repellent Works Thwart Bed Bug Repellent is a revolutionary solution that exterminates bed bugs and their eggs quickly and easily. You can be confident that Thwart Bed Bug Repellent will get rid of them completely! Thwart Bed Bug Repellent has ingredients in it that kill bed bugs and their eggs and offers a patented formula that repels them. Spray Products Available on line $40.00 for 22oz Bed Bug Management & New Tools 9

10 Marketing Claims Tested Thwart Repels, and kills bed bugs and their eggs Results 80% knockdown in 10 sec 80% mortality in 24 h 100 egg hatch Conclusions This product will not cure a bed bug infestation Conclusions about On-Line Products Most products will kills some bed bugs if you spray them directly. Most consumers do not realize that killing bed bugs you can see is not the problem. Our problem is stopping the infestations. Why not just hit each bug with a hammer? Alternative Methods Starting to see use in combination with traditional methods Prevention/education Inspecting with dogs Monitoring Climb up device Vacuuming Steam cleaning Mattress covers Fumigation (Heat and Chemical) Prevention: No furnishings from the dumpster Spanish language video Bed Bug Management & New Tools 10

11 Spanish Language Video Bed Bug Inspectors: Dogs Two humans inspecting a hotel room can take up to two hours Dogs take about two minutes Excellent detectors As of 2008 can distinguish between live and dead bed bugs Good for lawsuit defense Sniffing for bed bugs in Manhattan Monitoring Device: Climb-Up A huge improvement over visual inspection Can be placed under the legs of bed and furniture Bed must be away from the wall Uses the human as bait Bed Bug Management & New Tools 11

12 Vacuuming Using a professional vacuum to remove adults, nymphs and debris Vacuum curtains, in closets, and upholstered furniture. Not all eggs will be collected in the vacuum but removes a lot of debris We already use vacuums for cockroach IPM Steam Cleaning Steam temperature (at the bed bug) must be 130 o F or greater The steam head must not be too small Steam power will kill bed bugs and their eggs Steaming is slow and labor intensive Upholstery and bedding can disperse steam heat Mattress Covers Encasements for both mattress and box springs! Improved version has a zipper protector sewn in Traps bed bugs and eggs, bite proof and escape proof Protect-a-Bed Bed Bug Management & New Tools 12

13 Not all covers protect Where the zipper closes and the zipper teeth are vulnerable to bed bug escape Heat Fumigation TEMP-AIR Heater temperature brought up to 132 F then fans are turned on to heat everything in the room to 120 F. Position of fans are changed every hour for at least 4 hours, pushing hot air into all cracks and crevices. Maintains temperature for the period of time required to penetrate all belongings. No residual Chemical Fumigation Taped and sealed the entire structure Residents prepared their units Everyone moved out for two days I put in bed bug samples Bed bugs are completely gone from the building. Building was bed bug free if only for 1 day Cost? Infested low income elderly housing in Reading PA. Bed Bug Management & New Tools 13

14 Containerized Fumigation The Future We will see more use of alternative methods (heat, fumigation, clutter removal, mattress covers, and vacuuming). More dedicated bed bug teams of pest control professionals (not just applicators but consultants) New legislation EPA National Bed Bug Summit More bed bug infestations and insecticide misapplications due to the cost of control. We EPA currently discussing EUP for Propoxur Need more demographic data regarding who is infested. Bed Bug Management & New Tools 14