A vitiztio fo Att Ok it ighbohoo outhwt Att ighbohoo obotiv t Att th Aic Pp b: Th xw POI outig
Ackowgt Th utho wih to thk tho who hv cotibut to th pouctio of thi pot. I pticu ibt to Api Ao of th outhwt Att ighbohoo obotiv (A) vopt oitt b, Hock th tff of th t Att th Aic (AA), To Picktt th tff of th Att L Tut obotiv (ALT), Joh vi of Buigto Aocit, Kuv ii Goith of o Uivit ptt of it gio ig, Jck hit, th tff of th it of Att ptt of ig ouit vopt ptt of th gt. - Th xw, Api 2012 Ok it i
xcutiv u Thi popo p focu o th Outoo Activit t (OA), 26-c ub fot tu pv i Att Ok it ighbohoo, th ctpic of couit vitiztio ffot. It outi potti pthip btw th of th Att Bti pojct two couit-b ogiztio, outhwt Att ighbohoo obotiv (A) t Att th Aic (AA), to vitiz th uouig th OA whi pvtig th ipct tht vopt oft cu. Ok it i uv cooic it Afic-Aic ighbohoo i outhwt Att tht fc uiqu oppotuit. Th Att Bti i th gt vopt ffot cut uw i th Uit t, $2.8 biio tit-oit vopt pojct tht wi povi twok of pubic tit, pk, uti-u ti og 22-i ight i coio cicig th cit ct. Th ight i ti t wi tic ipov coctivit tiut ivtt. Th Bti coio p ½ i fo th OA, th Bti t icu popo to xp ipov th OA coct it to th Bti with ti. Th Bti cocptu p fo th OA i g ig with th couit Viio fo th fciit, pouc b AA pk vocc ogiztio Pk Pi. Howv, ith ocut xpo ipttio i ti, Bti ouc i outhwt Att cut coctt wh. Th p tht foow tk iiti tp i outiig ipttio poc i which A, AA, th Bti pt fo utu bfit. Th p icu xpio of th xitig ub fot t th OA to icu b gpc; cotuctio of hot w bicc pti ti to coct th xp OA to th Bti; totio of th t uig though th OA to big w if to th fot. AA i tbih viot jutic ogiztio tht opt th OA uctio fciit to tch chi ut bout coog, covtio, viot twhip, ub gicutu. A i o-pofit ouit L Tut (LT) cut i th poc of icopotio. - A wi tbiiz th uouig b tfoig foco vct hou ito pt ffob hoowhip oppotuiti uig th LT h-quit o of tu. Bti hv hp tbih twok of LT i o to ic th fficic of ffob houig ubii, to itigt ipct i ighbohoo ffct b th Bti pojct. Th go i to k th Bti vopt o oci quitb. A wi tt with ig fi ho o pc jct to th OA icu i th Att Bti Tx Ao ctio itict, thfo igib fo ict ow-pt itc fo th Bti Affob Houig Tut Fu. A wi o cqui popti fo ub f couit g, pt with tbih ub gicutu ogiztio, Tu Livig. Th pot h fiv ctio: th fit ctio povi bic couit pofi of th, icuig ogphic t, couit iti, hito. Th co ctio highight th ipct of ct ogphic cooic t i th it of Att, icuig ciig poputio, upot, povt, th focou cii. Th thi ctio outi th ti of th Att Bti pojct. Th fouth fifth ctio outi th pthip btw A AA, thi jo go, tp fo ipttio. Figu 1 iutt th p tuctu viu. Ok it ii
Figu 1: uctu OUITY PLAIG OTXT 1: ouit Pofi wo, ttit 3: Att Bti Tit/octivit OGAIZATIO GOAL 4: A ALT 4.1 ighbohoo biiztio 4.2 Affob Houig 4.3 ipct Pvtio 4.4 cooic vopt 4.5/5.5 Ub Agicutu 2: it-i T i Tgt A houig uit houig foo 5: AA 5.4 totio 5.3 oct OA to th Bti 5.2 xp Ipov th OA 5.1 Pt ovtio Ok it iii
Tb of ott Ackowgt xcutiv u Lit of Tb Figu Lit of p Lit of Aco Ogiztio Pofi i ii v vi vii viii 1 ouit Pofi: outhwt Att 1 A: ogphic 1 B: Houig 2 : ouit Aiti 3 : Hito 4 2 it-i T i th Tgt A 8 A: ogphic 8 B: Houig 9 : Foo Acc 14 3 Th Att Bti Pojct 15 A: Att Bti Ovviw 15 B: Tx Aoctio itict (TA) Tx Ict Ficig (TIF) 16 : quitb vopt 21 4 outhwt Att ighbohoo obotiv 24 GOAL 1: ighbohoo biiztio 24 GOAL 2: Pt Affob Hoowhip 24 GOAL 3: ipct Pvtio 28 GOAL 4. Loc cooic vopt 28 5 t Att th Aic th Outoo Activit t 30 GOAL 1: Pt ovtio 30 GOAL 2: OA xpio Ipovt 31 GOAL 3: octig th OA to th Bti 32 GOAL 4: totio 33 GOAL 5: Ub Agicutu 38 fc 46 Appix 49 Ok it iv
Lit of Figu Tb Figu 1: uctu 1 ouit Pofi: outhwt Att Tb 1: Poputio b c, Tgt A u Tct, 2010 1 Figu 2: Houho Tp, Tgt A u Tct v. it of Att, 2010 1 Figu 3: Ico Povt Tgt A u Tct v. it of Att, 2010 2 2 it-i T i th Tgt A Figu 4: Poputio ci, Tgt A PU it of Att, 2000-2010 8 Figu 5: hg i ci kup, it of Att, 2000-2010 8 Figu 6: Povt b Ag, x, c, it of Att, 2010 9 Figu 7: i Houho Ico, it of Att v. Att gio, 2009 9 Figu 8: Poputio Bu b Houig ot, it of Att 2009 11 Tb 3: Focou, Tgt A v. it, Ju 2007 - Ju 2008 14 3 Th Att Bti Pojct Figu 9: Tx Ict Ficig ( xpi b Att Bti, Ic.) 19 Figu 10: Tx Ict Ficig ( o citic xptio) 19 Figu 11: U of Bti TA Fu 22 Appix Tb 4: Poputio b x b Ag, A Tgt A u Tct, 2010 49 Tb 5: Poputio b x b Ag, it of Att, 2010 49 Tb 6: uctio Attit, it of Att v. A Tgt A u Tct, 2010 50 Tb 7: i Ho L Vu, Tgt A PU, 2010 50 Figu 12: Poputio Gowth, it of Att, 1850-2010 51 Tb 8: iti Buiig oitio Pit b Y, it of Att, 2000-2009 51 Tb 9: Vcc Tu: Tgt A u Tct, 2010 51 Tb 10: Focou, 2000 Tgt A u Tct, Ju 2007-Ju 2008 53 Tb 11: Att Focou Fiig, ighbohoo ig Uit, Ju 2009 to 2010 53 Tb 12: Vct Hou i th Bti TA th Outoo Activit t, ch 2012 60 iii Ok it v
Lit of p 1 ouit Pofi: outhwt Att p 1: ighbohoo PU (ighbohoo ig Uit), Tgt A 3 p 2: Bck Poputio b u Tct, it of Att, 2010 4 p 3: i Ho Vu b PU, it of Att, 2010 5 2 it-i T i th Tgt A p 4: pot, it of Att, 2009 10 p 5: Focou b u Tct, it of Att, Ju 2007-Ju 2008 12 p 6: Focou, it of Att PU, Ju 2009-2010 13 p 7: Hth Foo Acc i to Att, 2010 14 3 Th Att Bti Pojct p 8: Att Bti Ovviw 16 p 9: Att Bti - outhwt Att 17 p 10: Att Bti Tx Aoctio itict 18 p 11: i Ho Pic Ic 2000-2006 b PU, it of Att 20 4 outhwt Att ighbohoo obotiv p 12: Bti Tx Aoctio itict, Tgt A 25 p 13: Bti Tx Aoctio itict Pc th OA 26 p 14: Vct Hou i Bti Tx Aoctio itict th OA, ch 2012 27 5 t Att th Aic th Outoo Activit t p 15: oth Bch of Uto k Topogph Hoog 33 p 16: oth Bch of Uto k owt Iftuctu 34 p 17: Bti ub 1 t : Op pc Fwok 40 p 18: Bti ub 1 t : Outoo Activit t xpio ocpt 42 p 19: Outoo Activit t ouit Viioig 44 Appix p 20: A vic A with Tgt A u Tct, 2010 49 p 21: Hitoic itict, outhwt Att 50 p 22: Vcc t, it of Att u Tct, 2010 52 p 23: Hoowhip t, it of Att u Tct, 2010 52 p 24: Bti ub 1 t : Ovviw 54 p 25: Bti ub 1 t : Pubic pc Ai 56 p 26: Bti ub 1 t : L U icutio 58 p 27: ouit vopt Ipct A, it of Att 2010 60 Ok it vi
Lit of Aco A AP ABHTF ABI ABP AA AHA ALT AP A AHA BA IA LT HO P PA HU LBA L LI LT PU P ATA OA A TA TAA TIF TO TL UGO AA Aic ouit uv Appi tohip Pog fo utibiit Att Bti Affob Houig Tut Fu Att Bti Ic. Att Bti Pthip Att vopt Authoit Att Houig Aocitio of ighbohoo-b vop Att L Tut obotiv Att Ipt choo t (Att Pubic choo) Att gio oiio Att Houig Authoit ouit Bfit Agt ouit vopt opotio ouit vopt Ipct A ouit L Tut ouit Houig vopt Ogiztio ophiv vopt viot Potctio Agc ptt of Houig Ub vopt Futo out/it of Att L Bk Authoit Livig ouiti oitio Low-Ipct vopt tio ouit L Tut twok ighbohoo ig Uit ighbohoo biiztio Pog topoit Att pi Tit Authoit Outoo Activit t outhwt Att ighbohoo obotiv Tx Aoctio itict Tx Aoctio itict io oitt Tx Ict Ficig Tit Oit vopt Tu Livig t fo tu Ub Agicutu Ub G iic Oi t Att th Aic Ok it vii
Ogiztio Pofi outhwt Att ighbohoo obotiv (A) A i o-pofit ouit vopt opotio () ouit L Tut (LT) cut i th poc of icopotio. A iio i to fot th vopt of cooic coogic utib couiti i outhwt Att though cophiv poc of vitiztio tht k to potct poot pt ffob houig coci gowth i th couit. A wi u th LT h-quit o to povi pt ffob hoowhip oppotuiti to ow-ot ico houho. A wi o hp ov th LT ovt futh ito cooic vopt, though bui icubtio twhip of coci popti. t Att th Aic (AA) AA i couit b, o-pofit viot jutic ogiztio i t Att. AA o fo couit tugg to ht iciito wt wt ttt pctic i 2002. A- A iio i to ipov th quit of if fo it b potctig, pvig, toig th couit tu ouc. AA voct fo th pvtio of gpc, th potctio ipovt of wt quit, th pootio of viot hth withi th Pocto,, Uto k wth. AA opt th 26-c Outoo Activit t, foc poit of thi pot, though OU with th it of Att ptt of Pk, ctio, utu Affi. AA i tt i viot uctio. Att L Tut obotiv (ALT) ALT i th ct v fo twok of ouit L Tut thoughout th it of Att. A o-pofit ogiztio fou i cb 2009, ALT iio i to iti ffobiit i ighbohoo t ik of gtifictio ipct u to th Att Bti pojct. ALT fot LT-fi poitic cit though poic vocc, couit ggt, fuiig; pfo th twhip fuctio of LT i tho ighbohoo wh th oc cpcit o ot xit (.g. tog ouit vopt opotio); wok with i ighbohoo wh th o xit, to xcut LT-o vopt; fciitt th fotio of w ighbohoo-b, it-coto LT, of which A i o. Pk Pi Fou i 1989, Pk Pi i th o o-pofit ogiztio tht wok with couiti ov Att to ipov thi pk. Ptig with o th 60 Fi of th Pk goup wokig to ipov thi gpc, Pk Pi hp couiti gt gg though vout pojct, couit g, couit- pk ig, gt-witig itc fo pk ipovt pog. Pk Pi g o th 15,000 hou of vout wok i Att pk u. Pk Pi o focu o vocc ffot, wok with couiti to vop cocptu p fo thi pk though it Pk Viioig pog, gt pop ivov i th Aopt--Pk, Fic Pt ico Gt pog. Pk Pi ct th Outoo Activit t fo Viioig Poc to ct cocptu p fo fciit ipovt. Ok it viii
Att Bti, Ic. (ABI) Fo b th Att vopt Authoit i 2006, ABI i th pubic-pivt pthip tk with pig xcutig th ipttio of th Att Bti i pthip with th Bti t, icuig it of Att ptt. It fuctio icu pcific fiig th Bti p; ig ffot to cu f, tt oc fuig; cotiuig th Bti couit ggt poc; vig th ov pojct gt offic to xcut th Bti p, icuig th cooitio of pig xcutio ctiviti with oth it of Att ptt gig vo uppi. Att Bti Ic. i o poib fo tckig potig pog o th Bti to th Att it ouci, Att Pubic choo Futo out, th th txig uthoiti tht uthoiz th Bti Tx Aoctio itict (TA) gitio i 2005. Att Bti Pthip (ABLP) ABLP i o-pofit ogiztio coitt to iig fu fo pivt phithopic ouc to uppot th Bti pojct; wokig with ighbohoo, couit ogiztio, fith ogiztio, bui oth goup to i g w bo-b uppot fo th Bti; vig ctt to obiiz ouc to th oci coc i b w vopt ou th Bti. ABLP w uch i 2005 bg it cpit cpig i Ju 2007. B th of 2010 o, ABLP h i ov $35 iio i pivt cotibutio, fo Gogi gt copotio foutio. Futo out/it of Att L Bk Authoit (LBA) Th LBA i pubic uthoit ct to fficit ho, g vop tx-foco popt i Futo out th it of Att. LBA ct g fici chi to tfo vct popt bck to pouctiv u fciitt vopt i o couiti tht hv uff fo iivtt out-igtio of it bui. I ch 2012, th Gogi tt gitu p w tht gv LBA th pow to puch vct popti. LBA h b ctiv i outh outhwt Att i ct, i pticu i th Pittbugh ighbohoo. Ok it ix
1 ouit Pofi: outhwt Att Th focu of thi popo p i th Outoo Activit t (OA), 26-c ub fot tu pv i outhwt Att. Thi couit pofi of th uouig th OA icu ogphic houig t, couit iti, hito. Th OA i oct i th Ok it ighbohoo, i cu tct 61 i ighbohoo ig Uit (p 1). Fo t i, tgt of 13 cu tct w cho to ot co ig with th outhwt Att ighbohoo obotiv (A) offici vic (p 20, Appix). A: OGAPHI c, x, Ag Th tgt i pii Afic-Aic: I 2010, 94.5% of th tgt tot poputio w Afic-Aic, icuig o th 90% of ch iiviu tct. Th outh wt pt of Att poit Afic-Aic (p 3). Tb 1: Poputio b c, Tgt A u Tct, 2010 c Poputio Pctg Afic-Aic 38,463 94.5% hit 1,064 2.6% Ai 115 0.3% TOTAL 40,706 Hipic/Ltio (ALL A) 817 2.0% ouc: U ci u 2010 Th tgt h g poputio of f, outh, : Th tgt h uch g pctg of f, outh,, th th cit ov (Tb 4 5, Appix). Th tgt vg houho iz of 2.42 po w igifict g th th cit, 2.11. Houho opoitio A g pctg of tgt houho fii: Th tgt h uch high pctg of fi houho (57%), th th cit (43.5%). h viw togth with th g ub of g houho iz, thi uggt tht th tgt h o it-gtio fii ivig togth, fw tut o oug pofio ivig o. Th tgt i ho to ig oth: Th tgt h uch high pctg of fh houho with o hub pt th th cit (Figu 2). Thi houho tp pt o th hf (53%) of fi houho 30% of houho. Figu 2: Houho Tp, Tgt A u Tct v. it of Att, 2010 o-fi: ig 36% Po Fi: F, o 30% hub 17% Fi: Hub 21% if 23% 7% Oth o-fi 13% 6% Fi:, o wif 4% Tgt A u Tct it of Att ouc: U ci u 2010 44% Ico Povt Th tgt h ow houho ico high povt t: A th tgt cu tct xcpt two hv i houho ico ow th th cit i ($30,332), ot hv povt t high th th cit (26%). Fiv of th tct hv povt t bov 30% th tct hv povt t bov 40% (Figu 3). uctio Attit uctio ttit i uch ow i th tgt th i th cit, pci fo : Th joit of th tgt poputio (tit 55%) h o cog xpic, cop to 35% i th cit ov- Ok it 1
60% Figu 3: Ico Povt Tgt A u Tct v. it of Att, 2010 $60,000 50% $50,000 POVTY AT 40% 30% $40,000 $30,000 IO 20% $20,000 10% $10,000 0% $0 2009 i Houho Ico Povt t ouc: Aic ouit uv tit 2006-2010, o 24% of th tgt h cog g, cop to 42% i th cit (Tb 6, Appix). hi uctio ttit i tiv qu og f i th cit, f i th tgt uch o ik th to hv cog xpic o g. B: HOUIG Houig ock Th tgt h ow ho vu: Th tgt co ito PU-, PU-T, PU-, PU-I (p 1). I 2010, th fou PU h i ho vu igifict th th cit i og th owt i th cit (Tb 7, Appix). PU-, i which th OA i oct, h th owt i ho vu of PU i th cit xcpt o, PU-K. Th i ho vu i PU- w $113,840, 50% of th cit i. Ho vu i PU i th oth t, poit whit pt of th cit g uch high th tho i th outh wt, poit bck (p 2). Houig i th tgt i of ot it, i tiv o: Th tgt cu tct hv ov it of 1.93 uit p c, which i th th cit ov it of 2.14 uit p c, but withi th tgt th i bo g. Th cu tct co to th cit ct hv o th 4 uit p c but tho fth out hv jut ov 1 uit p c. Th vg of i houig g fo th tgt cu tct w 49 (buit i 1963), which i igifict o th th cit i of 38 (buit i 1974). Ok it i p-ii ighbohoo tht h ot xpic igifict ifi vopt o houig hbiittio. Ok it 2
Outoo Activit t 0 0.5 1 i Ü Lg ighbohoo Tgt A PU : OUITY AITI xitig Aiti Th tgt coti v g out of gpc, icuig th Outoo Activit t hu of c i Joh A. hit Pk, Lio Hpto Pk, th c pig tu Pv. Howv, outhwt Att i wi coi th ot uv pt of th cit i t of pk fciiti. Athough vub t, th gpc uutiiz bcu th ck citic iftuctu, ig, pogig. Th i ho to 2 ibi, A Pk Bch t Bch, w 2 pubic choo, ii Fich t choo Bow i choo. Th h v gof cou couit ctio ct with wiig poo ti cout, icuig 2 YA Bch. Iit oth i th Att Uivit t, ho to 3 Hitoic Bck og Uiviti p og, ohou og, k og. pbto. L. hv vibt coci coio tht w tgt fo focu ivtt i th t c. 1 Th outh ATA to i p og L, 3 top coct th to owtow: t, Ok it, Lkwoo- Ft. cpho. vopt: Fot cpho Fot cpho, iit b outht of th OA, w offici co i ptb 2011, 2 i cut big vop copt couit, icuig: - 1. th 2004 Ok it/lkwoo Livb t 2. Th b w co ut of th 2005 BA Ok it 3
Outoo Activit t 0 1,450 2,900 Ft 0.8% - 14.4% 14.5% - 36% 36.1% - 64.6% 64.7% - 86.5% 86.6% - 98% Ü t tit 10,600 job, with 2.4 iio qu ft of offic b pc 1,900 high-it iti uit tt-v ti, hot, pubic pz, tut, offic goc to tio git of Hitoic c I po to thi p, couit-b ogiztio i Att, Gogi TA-UP, couct 22-oth couit pticipto ch pojct pouc th Ft cpho ouit Actio. 3 Thi ocut bui upo th vopt Ok it 4 0 1 2 4 i p whi citicizig it fiu to itgt th w vopt ito th uouig couit. It co t to th vopt uthoit p outi coct ttgi fo ucig th bi tht iot th w vopt, o tht xitig it bfit fo th ipovt. : HITOY 4 ttt og i i (1821-1890) Th wh th Ok it ighbohoo i to w oigi cqui fo th k Ii- 4. it Hitoic itict.
112,240-142,309 142,310-186,724 186,725-230,685 230,686-507,145 507,146-856,426 Ü 0 2 4 i i 1821. Th o tow o, which i ow c o, to th Ii vig of tow o th bk of th htthooch iv. pbto o coct th to th ubub of pbto, th t of govt fo w ct pb out. Th Ok it ighbohoo vop pt tow, bgiig i th 1890 with th coptio of to i tht coct th to Att oth ubub. ot vopt occu btw th 1890 th i-1950. vopt og to i ct th icoitt ptt of tt oittio o p ppicu to th io. Th vop poit wokig-c whit, h w b pii iti. Th vopt of io i th 1840 pc o juctu tgcoch with io tiu th pi ct of gowth. io c to th Ok it i 1846 gi i 1849, but bcu o top w i Ok it, th i u f, whi ti i Att t Poit cu ubiztio. Th tck of both io w v g i th ivi, but both w buit, oo vopt bg cochig o th Ok it fo both oth outh. Th hit H, u oth of Ok it, bcoig o of Att ftt-gowig ubub i th c foowig th ivi, i 1868 w icopot t. Att fit i-pow tt iw w buit i 1871 to t, i Att co tt io, th t & Att t io op, buit i 1872-1873. Th i ict gowth w fo Ok it, but vtu it wou pi ov. Icopotio of Ok it hit ubub vopt (1890-1920) vopt coch fo th outh wh Fot Ok it 5
HITOY: UAY Th uouig th OA w cqui fo th k Ii i 1821 i u f fo c bcu though io p though, o ti w cotuct. igifict vopt bg og to i i th 1890 ft th coptio of Fot cpho, Ok it icopot uicipit i 1894. Th it of Att x Ok it i 1910, iuti job w i i fu hv ubub vopt i th 1920. Th i pii whit wokig-c uti II, wh g ub of Afic Aic ov to th cit i ch of pot, whit houho ivtt pi ov out. Th h b cooic it ic th 1950 1960. cpho w copt i 1888, th btw it t vop pi i th 1890, uch ik th t of th Att. outhwt Att f w ubivi ito t w whit wokig c ighbohoo, though it w h bck poputio. A Afic Aic ov wt out of Att, howv, th bg to tt Ok it t o hvi. I ccoc with 1913 ttut ig b o oow quiig iti ggtio, v Ok it ubiviio pt fo thi ti pio tt tht popt w fo whit o. A bck couit w tbih iit wt of Ok iv og wht i to z u (fo kow Buh outi u), L, Big u, Ig t. Thi i iit outh of th xitig Outoo Activit t, of th popti ow t fo xpio of th OA. I 1927, t cop ttpt to tbih ubiviio Lico Hight, iit oth of th xitig bck couit, but w uuccfu. I 1951, th w ich Hi vop fo hit o. pit 1917 U up out ciio tht c ci zoig viotio of th 14th At, i 1922 Att p zoig oic tht fi xcuiv whit bck iti (Pto, 96-97). Th Ku Kux K h tog pc i Ok it i Att cit govt (Kuh 1990:313-4). I 1940, Ok it i poit whit, with Afic Aic it cut i bou b o u, Pp t, pk t, L t (1940 Att it icto). Thoughout Att, pubic xpitu w igifi- ct i Afic-Aic th i whit. I Ok it, th bck couit obiiz ou th fuig of pubic choo. h it w x b Att i 1910, Ok it h o choo but b 1922 th w two choo: th oigi Ok it choo fo whit th iock choo fo bck. I 1921 th it of Att ppov $4 iio i choo ipovt, th choo t tu ct both choo fo xpio ipovt ( ght 1922). Howv, o w uthoiz o t Ok it choo, ot t iock. I 1927, th whit couit i Ok it uccfu obbi th choo bo to co oih iock choo, vig th ighbohoo without choo fo bck chi. Thi w ict bt of bck vot, who w cuci to th pig of choo bo i 1921 1926, th govt xt v ttpt to p uctio bo fi without thi uppot (ci 1969). Ok it choo w ipov op i 1929 g t choo, ft I.. g, Ok it it th o of Att. Thi choo civ itio ig buit b G. Lo Pch, th fou chitct who ig th o it H buiig oth w kow Att buiig. Th choo i ti i optio to, kow Fich t. II, hg i ci opoitio, iivtt (1940-pt) vopt h tgt i Ok it fo ot c uig th Gt pio. Bu pc of th o ttc, which og L t uti 1937 wh pc b tck ctic to. Th tck to uti th 1960, wh th w pc b ATA bu. v- Ok it 6
opt pick up gi uig ft II, houig ic with igtio to job ct, pci fo Afic Aic. Att bck poputio ic igifict Att gw ito g topoi though tpic pot-ii U ububiztio pw. B th i-1960, Ok it w i ci, u i g pt to th ptu of whit fo th ighbohoo. of th oigi, poit wokig-c it w ppochig tit, thi chi go ico uc. Th w ck of job upu of foco bo ho. bck fii took vtg of ow pic, ct ft th offici of Ji ow ggtio, to puch ho i Ok it. tig i 1976, og Aw Youg iitit pog c ub hotig, which o ipit hou fo $1 to iiviu tht wou ovt th hp pvt pcutio. I 1971 th it of Att ppov popo fo $1.4 biio tit t with 64 i of i bu w i with 41 ttio pk--i fciiti fo 30,000 vhic. Th popo icu i ttio i Ok it, o th i to Htfi Ittio Aipot, tit to b copt b i-1977. Th i w ot copt uti 1984, howv, fi to big bout th it vitiztio. To th Ok it ighbohoo i ot ti bck, with ow houho ico, high povt t, high vcc t, g ub of focou, cop to th t of th cit. Th ighbohoo i ti pii ig-fi iti, with uch of th oigi houig itct. Th Ok it Hitoic itict w igt o th tio git of Hitoic c i 2003 i o to pv Ok it hitoic coctio of -i 20th tu iti couit k tuctu. Th Outoo Activit t i ho to pctic fi fo th Att Bck ck, fo go Bb Lgu t. uch of th t ighbohoo iit oth Ok it ighbohoo i icu i th t Hitoic itict, o o th tio git. Thi w ct of Afic Aic cutu fo c h hitoic pv ho. p 31 i th Appix how ppoxitio of both Hitoic itict. Ok it 7
2 Thi ctio highight igifict ogphic houig t i th it of Att i ct, with phi o thi ipct o th tgt. Th t poit to jo couit. A: OGAPHI Poputio Att poputio gowth i tgt: Poputio gowth i th it of Att topp i th 2000, pit gowth i th 1990 tht bg to v th ci of th 1970-1980 (Figu 12, Appix). Th cit 2011 ophiv vopt (P) tit gowth fo 2000 to 2010 to b 29%, but th 2010 cu cout how ic of th 1%. 1 Th P tit Att 2010 poputio t 538,460, but th offici cu cout w 420,003. 2 35% 25% Figu 4: Poputio ci, Tgt A PU it of Att, 2000-2010 19% 28% 19% 29% h tgt poputio i ciig: Athough th P tit igifict poputio gowth fo 2000 to 2010 i of th ighbohoo ig Uit (PU) i which thi p tgt i oct, th 2010 cu iict tht th ot poputio (Figu 4). ci opoitio Th it of Att i bcoig icig whit: Att ov ci copoitio i chgig, ot igifict b ifux of whit it ito th cit (Figu 5). Btw 2000 2010, th Afic Aic poputio c b 11.7% (28,795) th whit poputio ic b 17% (22,763). Athough oth ci goup k up v potio wof th poputio, th o gw igifict. 3 Figu 5: hg i ci kup, it of Att, 2000-2010 2000 2010 Bck 61% hit 33% Oth 6% Bck 54% Oth 8% hit 38% 15% 5% 9% ouc: U ci u -5% -15% -25% -4% PU-I (Pop 20,741) -1% PU- (Pop 16,452) tit Gowth t PU- (Pop 10,204) -18% -19% PU- (Pop 16,280) Actu Gowth t ouc: U ci u it of Att it of Att (Pop 420,003) P - - - 0% Ico Povt Povt i th cit of Att ipopotiot ffct Afic Aic, outh, wo: I 2010, 26.1% of th cit poputio iv bow th povt i (Figu 6). Howv, th povt t fo bck (36.8%) w o th 3.5 ti th t fo whit (10.5%). Th t fo chi (40%) w igifict high th th t fo ut (22.5%). A th t fo wo (28.4%) w igifict high th th t fo (23.6%). pit wip povt, 3. - Ok it 8
Tot Poputio U 18 18 to 64 Figu 6: Povt b Ag, x, c it of Att 2010 65+ F Bck hit 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% ouc: 2010 Aic ouit uv tit o 2.1% of th cit houho civ pubic itc i 2010, o 17.6% civ foo tp o AP. ci ico iquit i uch o poouc i th cit of Att th i th gio: Ov, th 2009 HI fo th it of Att ($41,631), w o th 20% ow th tht of th gio ($53,182) (Figu 7). Howv, th HI fo whit houho i th it of Att ($76,106) w o th tip th HI of th cit bck houho ($23,692), whi i th gt Att gio, th 2009 HI w $63,388 fo whit $40,472 fo bck. 4 Th figu utt th icpc btw cit ubub bcu Att i icu i th gio. $41,631 Figu 7: i Houho Ico it of Att v. Att gio, 2009 $76,106 10% $32,077 23% 21% 24% 26% $53,182 28% 37% $63,388 40% it of Att Att- pig- itt A Tot Poputio hit Bck ouc: 2010 Aic ouit uv $40,472 4. pot 5 Att i uffig fo job o upot: Th it of Att ot 19.3% of it job (90,305) btw 2000 th co qut of 2009, with tot job cig fo 468,414 to 378,109. Thi i tic high t of job o th i th A (0.7%), th t of Gogi (1.6%) o th U (1.0%). Th upot t fo cit it o th oub uig tht ti, icig fo 4.9% to 10.3%, i th ub of upo it, which ic fo 10,010 to 24,574. Th upot cu b job o w xcbt b gowig bo foc, pit th cit tgt poputio gowth. I th co qut of 2009, th w 237,815 it of Att i th bo foc, which pt ic of 34,706 (17.1%) ic 2000, vg u gowth t of 1.6%. Th outh wt pt of th cit uff ipopotiot fo ck of job: Job i th it of Att ovwhig coctt i th oth t, poit whit pt of th cit (p 4). Att it icig coutig outi th cit fo pot: I 2002, tit 45.2% of th it of Att bo foc wok i th cit, but i 2008, o 41.6% wok i th cit. I 2002, o 19.5% of job i th cit w h b it of th cit, i 2008 thi figu w 18.3%. Icig ub of cout ik u to cobitio of two t: Att it icig foc to tv fth to fi wok bcu of hotg of job, po who wok outi th cit ovig ito th cit. B: HOUIG Houig Uit Th cit tot ub of houig uit i icig, but gowth h ow i ct : pit th ck of poputio gowth i th it of Att i th pt c, th tot ub of houig uit ic b 5. Ok it 9
Lg pot * 0-999 1,000-2,499 2,500-4,999 5,000-7,499 7,500-9,999 1,0000-14,999 15,000-23,978 * pot h b cout b TAZ (Tpottio Ai Zo) Houig vopt w vopt i th cit h b v itibut og ig-fi uti-fi uit: w houig vopt i th pt c h icu w houig tp (cooiiu, towho), ovtio ifi i hitoic ighbohoo, g high-i uti-fi vopt. I 2008, 46.3% of th cit houig uit w igfi uit, thi figu h b coitt fo th pt 20 v th ub of tot houig uit h gow. uch of th ct ig-fi vopt h occu o ifi ot withi tbih ighbohoo with ktb ti itict (t Att, itow, Buckh, Vigii- High, Kikwoo, I Pk). 26%, fo 186,660 i 2000 to 235,084 i 2010. 7 Aft tog gowth uig th houig bubb of 2002-2007, w houig tt ci igifict i 2008 2009 ut of th focou cii cooic cio (Tb 8, Appix). Tgt PU xpic ic i tot houig uit fo 2000 to 2009: pit oig poputio, th fou PU i which th tgt i oct xpic ic i houig uit fo 2000-2009. Thi ic w ot cop to oth PU. Ok it 10 But uti-fi buiig icig i iz: w uti-fi uit hv b coctt i buiig with 10-49 uit o 50+ uit, th ub of 50+ uit buiig h o th tip ic 1990. 8 I cott, th ub of buiig with 2 uit, 3-4 uit, 5-9 uit h c. Low-it i Buckh, I Pk, itow, owtow, th O Fouth hv b vop iti ix u buiig. Th g, high-i ptt buiig ik v oug pofio o th ow-ico houho. w uti-fi vopt ix-ico couiti buit o th it of ct oih Att Houig Authoit (AHA) buiig. coitt with tio t: AHA i th cit gt ffob houig povi, itig ov 20,000 ow o v-ow ico houho. But i th
TH PUBLI HOUIG I th HOP VI ix-ico o, pubic houig uthoiti uch th AHA t ito og-t gou with pubic-pivt pthip tht ow w iti vopt. Th houig uthoit cotibut o fici ouc to th cpit i b th pivt vop (oft though tx cit), th gou v cti pctg of th uit fo ow-ico houho. Th go i to povi ffob houig i ixico couiti co to pot oppotuiti oth iti (choo, couit ct, ctio fciiti, ti to, bk, chi c, tc), th th i th iot uv couiti i which pubic houig h hitoic b coctt. Th HOP IV pog pt tio hift i pubic houig poviio ttg h b cbt wi. Howv, hv citiciz th pog w. ii to th Ub w pog of th 1950-1970, th HOP IV o oft ut i th ctio of f fw w houig uit th th ub oih, o f fw uit civig pt optig ubii ufficit to uppot fii with v ow ico. Th w itc pog oft v fii who iigib fo pubic houig, uig ubii fiig to v th poputio ot i (Popki t 2004). Ao, o hv citiciz th octio poc, th citi u to ct o xcu it fo w vopt, th vig g of ucc with which fii i fct ov to o ix couiti (Popki t 2005, Kig 2009, ooo 2005). t 15, AHA h oih uch of thi houig. Lg pt of th tio HOP VI pog ( Th w Pubic Houig bov), AHA h hift it focu fo g-c pubic houig pojct to oth houig itc pog tht ttpt to tbih ix-ico couiti i vopt ow b thi pti. 9 I 2010, AHA Quit of Lif Iititiv oct ppoxit 3,000 houho fo 10 g it pubic houig pojct two ho fo th. Th ub of AHA it houho ivig i pubic houig c fo 47% i 1995 to 15% i 2007, th ub uig Houig hoic Vouch ic fo 33% to 57% i th ti pio. 10 AHA h o th quup it ctio 8 HV Pog ic 1996. Houig ot Th it of Att h iou houig ffobiit pob, pci fo t ow-ico houho: I 2010, 47% of th cit houho w houig cot-bu, but thi bu ffct 55% of t 39% of ow (Figu 8). 11 Thi 10. 11. i ot upiig, giv tht 2009 i houho ico fo t w $26,933 fo ow w $76,539. Ao, houig cot bu ipopotiot ffct houho with ow ico. I 2010, 88% of houho ig th $20,000 p w cot bu, but 47% of houho ig btw $35,000 $49,999 (th ico bckt i which th cit 2009 HI of $41,631 wou f). Figu 8: Poputio Bu b Houig ot it of Att 2009 U $20,000 $20,000 to $35,000 $35,000 to $50,000 $50,000 to $75,000 Ov $75,000 TOTAL 3% 13% 15% 40% 39% 43% 47% 55% 65% 73% Ow t ouc: 2010 Aic ouit uv 89% 87% Ok it 11
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c u b u b B wi o i Z i w T T ot o Lox o Pk Kig Ogivi Ag o Jo T i ot T u i hi i High Poit Lo Ag b u T Ho o H i K L hi Hg o t i o t ig T i w A o Bvu T G A o woo Ktuck iot L t i t to i g i g i hi t ih out o Kig t i ig o High ov i oo w Pi At k i i B Af B g g cjki p o t vi tki ig i g tg h ip ooi i k ig th o ti h g t k T i Lvtu Youg Bgg o wo T ub hb Tuck f w H To w V o i i i Ahf o A otwo t B L hffi g g h Aipot Tob iot 8th 9th T Gogi i ij Gt iow P o tz w o Ttwoo P o it hi Lu J Fightw vi i Ago i L ight B k fi o T L Hicko ig v Vv Buk T 4th i h uk Buto z L x P o ock pi c Vij i Bv ick i obi L th ht c P cht w P w quoi Fiw g i g g g i c g 8t P L Pi k tthw Lox Li k i v v L oo b ck Tu oo b h K w i c it tc Liwoo L Pi i ti B H G i oxb oo i w viw Goo Lox t Bixwoth og t o xt i Bookhi L pigi uz w Bo T i ooi c 4 00 oogo P O c tio w o o out ho c o c oo o o ov Lo pigi t K o i Juith co Ao t o Th i L L c t o to o w i i L t woo th w Hoow T L L Vit H t Hio wick K t io Pkw Pcht Viw k Bv L Aco b v o h Bkhi ow vi 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L Tuxo Log Hi o o u t Thik t ov 4 00 Joh o Kto i it Fi K ick Bock G Goo i Jo c Buoch i 1t A v w i o T Li w Pk k t p g t Bv 3 o Bo c z o Boto it g B b 6th Fo t t i Gi i v ch Pi 7th P uig Thoto i i i t Vi i U Lkwoo Fw o Hgoo Pop hi Pk Bk c F i to iu Lov Litt Htch ock h O i htut ifto B Lov o O k Poo Pgg i P i i b Fu Bi v t c Hock io o A tu w u o P T i Au G c o woo Lk 4th Fu to t Futo o Gi uc Fc i Victoi Victoi ib oo A x 9th Bk Y i t G ock pig 8th 6th 5th Houto Gz Pui i o Hix Oo hith Tibb Jffo T Btvi J w Bout ph Abth Bv B o t Hi Ittio Bv oi Gib Ahwoo Pickfi Fi Jffo F t hoo Pgg v F i i F ii t tt Lgto v Lov Lov ph o Lic i i ck o i ui icho ck Bk ibu bu Ac i i T G Li Li w Pcott ic Pk P Biho p A t Pi Po ugi 3 g i B V Buk qui t Bv cht P t f ht L i 3 i i o F h t Fo c gto i o i gt ibo p viw i i 10th o v u i Gof i O 10th Bk Hi Lu H T At 12th 11th 11th i i Ax Pot Ax Fot ipo gu P to Buk w 11th 4th Bitti i bo ub Tc Biiff t i t ti 13th 8th Hipp i h Ok Tc i Abcobi 6th 6th 6th 5th 4th ip t High o ut L I 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w B b L Tib o Tw L i ho o Gwoo L i Joph i t i Fgto B j G i g o t t 20 H tt o L to ow Bow g co o Fci thig i oo L ikw gh Hi K w i cott ivi It Okciff oo P v i oi c Lic i Okow ffi L Okciff Lchot H u Lch ot t tfo i t hot T o i t Uto i v bo Ago o i i Bch hi o t ov Bv Tgo t L Th k i g L o g Bv o L c h o K Ax t o P Fibu H oi Fi th Bu L Uto Hobt A t Kigto k Yt Jic t 1t Az P Ab t to u B h uc ik i w H f o u co Avi H th Bo Au to ic v t Hw P v Bightwoo Fibu Fibu i i t L obb cou o oo G T H i oi t k t i to Poc h ovi ob A i o o o i c L o x if t P go g pi Ag Bto Pkw tu o i w othi i 2 t v 3 O B o Po t L h Butz Butz Att Iuti O Go gh Bi i Fw w oo Pto to t o T ibb w Vu Af i b ig P T J i b B Lk ot i o ug t co I P tio o c th b iz w h L V bt z V i o Vi i t High iz bth t vt ot Gux o Ao f w c t Th wo Bt u i tto o i u ti o Pic woo g T Pi i i P o i w og G i t Fo o ut ig Vi B i t g Ki o bi t Pt o ch u I ho t Fo g i w k hi i Atk ptu k i i vi ic T to Poo P i k T i k i L P ot Lgio p H h t ukt c ti Pkw L L k B oo p Log bi t w oo I h oo i ck o A ic tio vic J oh h w obt v B g to t B k F b iv t o w Bv vi w tki itc h P k w b th L J i ti i huc u u L I o wb twig ht iv L Och Kob J t ch Pi B o ok ov t w op h Bi F g Pk k i x F g k Go ot Ok ickjck Pk iv i Fi i ix i Lo w L t Pc Lk k Bout i Pk w i it L t Thi b to ow t o w o i P c c Lk t iw kv Boo ho Bo F t K w Ok oo Pk Iv i o p T B Bch Fo O Kwoo k ob Och K Ok t P c t th w w Vi c i At H c Vw c P G t i Pk ic G Ob o h Hi t Huicut t T vi L T g c h h h Oc o ig oo Pc Ob o k At t Hi u gh Iv Tc o u Hi c i L o i g P kw Vii g i k o High Ag o o k Viig i h i g t t i c o t ik t i o V i ip o I i ub k o w t ch L P Pbb L V Vi Vi t t o i o L g b uck it u Hw t A k L Iv o H ig T t Vi g i o o T ti T t i i oop G wk Bckhw k ou ti T o u G Bckh B k h i T o i L Book o g c A Lu L ckhwk Vi i L ott ott ic ig o i out iv g i u i Luwt t To T L twoo tw oo i g A o two pi h h o Vi i J J L L t c op h ig iti Pkw bb ok g L ki t i P G ub u t b P F ight Hi i b bo it o hut ig p H P V otto hitfi F 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