EEUG Meeting 2005 - One Day EEUG Course Protection Modeling with ATP and ATPDesigner September 14, 2005, Warsaw, Poland ATPDesigner and ATP Introduction and Overview Home Page: http://people.freenet freenet.de/.de/atpdesigner E-Mail: DrMichaelIgel@aol aol.com Release: V1.2 12.09.2005
Table of Contents 1. Installation Procedure 2. Vision, Concept and Realization 3. File Management, Program Settings 4. Design of Network Elements 5. First Steps Designing Power Networks 6. Network Simulation and Diagram Viewer 7. Signal Analysis 8. Testing Protection Relays 2 2
1 Installation Procedure 3 3
Installation Procedure 1. Extract the Zip File ATPDesignerL.zip 2. Start Setup.exe 3. Follow Instructions 4 4
Installation Procedure Readme Text License Agreement Accept License Agreement Some Information about ATPDesigner and ATP Homepage: http://people.freenet.de/atpdesigner Important to read and understand 5 5
Installation Procedure Target Directory Selection Default Root Folder: C:\ATPDesigner Sub - Folders ATPSystem Data Doc Exe ATP Runtime System.NET Files,.PL4 Files, Temporary Files, etc. Some Helpful PDF-Files about ATPDesigner ATPDesignerL.exe, ATPDesigner.hlp ATPSystem ATP Runtime System Must Be Copied from the User into this Folder!!! Folder Must Contain the Files Listed Below! TPBIGG.exe STARTUP PlotXY.exe Default Folders can be Changed, but Program Settings Must be Adapted. 6 6
Installation Procedure Dialog Program Settings Default Folders of Program Settings are configured according the Folders of the Installation Procedure Both Sets of Folders Must be Adapted by Hand, if the User had Changed One. Name ot ATP Executable File (.EXE) Default DATA Folder: Data Folder of the ATP Runtime System: ATPSystem Folder of ATPDesigner.exe: Exe Windows OS Folder 7 7
Additonal Features The Installation Procedure creates a new Menu Item ATPDesigner Executable ATPDesigner Help File Uninstall Procedure Getting Started Update Documentation Shortcuts on the Desktop 8 8
Comments About Installation Don t forget to change Program Settings, if installation folders had been modified ATPDesigner starts ATP using the command line ATP System \ ATP Exec. File... C:\ATPDesigner\ATPSystem\TPBIGG.exe... Environment Variable GNUDIR ATPDesigner re-assignes the environment variable GNUDIR during the startup phase to the folder ATPSystem It s equal to Set GNUDIR = C:\ATPDesigner\ATPSystem\ This re-assignment is only valid as long as ATPDesigner is running! It is not necessary to modify the environment variable GNUDIR by Hand. 9 9
2 Vision Concept Solutions
About ATP ATP One of the Best Tools Worldwide to Simulate Electrical Power Networks One of the Best Tools Worldwide to Study Transient Phenomena High Number of Numerical Models of Power Network Elements Available More than 50 Years Experience in Simulation of Electrical Power Networks Used and Supported from the ATP Community Worldwide But Use of the Numerical Models are often Difficult for Beginners Long Experience Required to Use the Full Capability of ATP Input Data written in Text Files Easy to Make Faults Difficult to Detect Faults Simulation Results written in Text Files Difficult to Read Analyze Process Additional Tools Required Graphical User Interface (GUI), Diagram Viewer, Signal Analyzing Tools, Format Converting Tools, Printing Tools, Interface Tools, 11 11
What Does the User Need? ATP Users need an Integrated Development Environment to Simulate Power Networks Development = Design of the Electrical Power Network Creating Diagrams of Voltages and Currents Analyzing Voltages and Currents Tools using a Common Style Guide Tools which are Intuitive to Use Tools with a Common Graphical User Interface Tools which are Easy to Operate The Current Situation Tools are based on Different Style Guides Tools are using Different Operation Concepts Tools are not Integrated as Development Environment The Consequences Beginners Sporadic Users Experts ATP and the Tools are Difficult to Use Re-Understanding needs a lot of Time Tools are Acceptable, But to Improve 12 12
Vision and Concept Vision Tool which Helps Beginners to Start with ATP Tool which Supports also Sporadic Users and Experts Tool with a Graphical State of the Art User Interface Tool supporting all Important Development Aspects Design, Simulation, Diagrams, Signal Analysis, Format Converting, Tool which Covers ATP (= ATP runs Invisible in the Background) Tool which Translates ATP related settings to Engineering related Settings Tool which presents a User Friendly Interface for Settings Tool to Use ATP s Capabilities Testing Protection Relays Concept Integrated Simulation Environment Graphical User Interface according Microsoft Style Guide (e.g. Word, Excel, etc.) Developed with Microsoft Visual Studio Graphical User Interface to Design Power Networks (e.g. Visio, etc.) Easy to Use Operation Interface (e.g. Menus, Toolbars, Mouse Menus, etc.) Standardized Settings Dialogs designed for Electrical Engineers Integrated Diagram Viewer, Format Converter, Signal Analysis, etc. Support of Power Amplifiers via Communication Interfaces 13 13
One Tool - Different Views Main Menu Toolbar Power Network Multiple Views Integrated Diagram Viewer Toolbar and Status Bar 14 14
One Tool - Multiple Views 15 15
Default Power Network Click to Create a New Power Network Default Power Network Busbar Circuit Breaker Network Infeed Single-Circuit Line Busbar Circuit Breaker & Measuring Location 16 16
Menus and Toolbars Main Toolbar (see also Toolbars and Status Bar in Help File) Create a New Default.NET File Open an Existing File File Browser Write.ATP File Write.ATP File and Start ATP ATP runs in the background Open external diagram viewer Default: Plotxy Global Configuration Settings Network Configuration CMC Configuration Line Configuration Graphic Colors ATP Data Simulation related settings Single-Test Step Using CMC Test System Test Procedure Short Circuit Analysis Load Flow Analysis Presenting ATP s steady state results Format Converting Support of COMTRADE 17 17
Menus and Toolbars Toolbar for Network Design Mode (see also Right Mouse Button Menu) Add a new Busbar Network Infeed Load Impedance Grounding of Load Impedance RLC Series Impedance 2-Winding Transformer BCTRAN Transformer Autotransformer 3-Phase Sync. Generator Grounding System Text Frame 1-Phase Source 3-Phase Symmetrical Source Empirical Function (Type 1) Connection Measuring Probe Add a new Splitter Line Circuit Breaker Delete Deselect Copy & Paste Rotate 180 Rotate 90 Right Rotate 90 Left Move to Foreground Move to Background Lock / Unlock Shape of the Network Element Enable / Disable 18 18
Menus and Toolbars Toolbar for Network Elements and Diagrams Open Settings Dialogs Voltage and Current Transformer Saturation (Magnet. Characteristic) Fault Types Arc Resistance Fault Resistance Diagram related Buttons Selecting Voltages and Currents Scaling Factors Graphics Cursor Signal Analysis Results Fundamental Frequency Frequency Spectrum Vector Diagram Diagram related Buttons Diagram Settings Min, Max, Colors, Pen Thickness,... Zoom In and Out Refresh Diagram Signal Analysis Settings Calculating R, X, I rest, I diff,... Open Diagram View! Opens the.pl4 based diagram, which corresponds to the power network displayed in the active means topmost view 19 19
Windows like Menus Standard Hot Keys MRU File List New, Open, Save, Save As, Print,... Ctrl + N, Ctrl + O, Ctrl + S,... 20 20
Right Mouse Button Menu Menu for Power Network Design Network elements can be added Most used settings dialogs can be opened Menu for Network Element related Settings Network element must be selected drawn in Light Grey Network element related features at the end Menu for Diagrams 21 21
Operating Concept Settings Dialog Double Click on the Graphical Representation of a Network Element Selected Network Element drawn in Light Grey Settings are defined from the Engineering Point of View Standardized Design of All Dialogs Selected Network Element via Double Click 22 22
Settings Dialog Close Dialog Saving Changed Settings Internal Name Close Dialog Ignoring Changed Settings User Defined Name Loading Default Settings Options Open Corresponding Chapter of the Help File Settings Disabled Settings Additional Data 23 23
Click on the Help Button Detailed Explanation of All Settings Snap Shot of the Settings Dialog Links to Related Topics 24 24
Information in the Help File Overview Getting Started 25 25
Information in the Help File Network Elements Network Infeed Busbar Lines Fault Type Generator Current and Voltage Transformer Splitter 3-Phase Source... Transformer 2-Winding BCTRAN Examples: Testing Vector Group Lines Single- and Double-Circuit Lines Line Models Examples: Series Compensated Line 26 26
Information in the Help File Testing Protection Devices Single-Step Test Measuring Operating Times Test Procedure for Automated Testing Interface to CMC Test System Supporting CMC156, CMC256, CMA156 Configuration of CMC Amplifiers Communication via CM Engine DLL General Information Menus Toolbars Hot Keys Errors Warnings 27 27
3 File Management, Program Settings 28 28
Open Files... Files can be opened as usual under Windows OS Open.. Most Recently Used (MRU) List File Browser (CTRL + X) 29 29
Easy to Use File Management Preferred Folder Double Click to Open Basic File Operations Explorer like File Tree File List of Preferred Folder Resizable Dialog 30 30
Files and File Extensions.NET File Contains All Information about the Network Elements Network Drawing Required to Draw the Network Graphics Electrical and Mechanical Settings Required to Write ATP Data Case File The.NET File Contains All Information about the Electrical Power Network. It is Absolutely Sufficient to Save Only the.net File. Secured by Checksums Should be Never Manipulated by Hand.NET - File = Container of the Electrical Power Network 31 31
Files and File Extensions.INI File Contains Only Program Related Settings Settings Independent from.net File Settings Stored in the EXE - Folder Automatically Created from ATPDesigner See Help File Content of the.ini File [ATPDesigner - Design and Simulation of Power Networks] VersionIniFile=Version INI File 1.1-05.03.2005 VersionATPDesigner=Version 1.00.69-01.02.2005 ExeFolder=C:\Mscpp\ATPDesigner DataFolder=C:\ATPDesigner\DATA CmEngineDllFolder=C:\ AtpFolder=C:\ATPDesigner\ATPSYSTEM AtpBrowserFolder=C:\ATP PL4FileFolder=C:\ATPDesigner\DATA AtpExeFilename=TPBIGG.EXE... 32 32
Files and File Extensions.ATP File Contains the ATP based Models of the Electrical Power Network Created by ATPDesigner as Output File Can be Read from ATPDesigner to be Presented in a Text Editor Main Menu View.PL4 File Contains the Sampling Data of Voltages and Currents Calculated by ATP Created by ATP as Output File Can be Read from ATPDesigner to Create a Diagram.LST File Contains Additional Information about the Simulation Process e.g. Errors Created by ATP as Output File Can be Read from ATPDesigner to be Presented in a Text Editor 33 33
Files and File Extensions.NET - Files.INI - File COMTRADE.CFG - Files,.DAT - Files ATPDesigner.PL4 - Files.LST - File.ATP - File ATP Alternative Transients Program.LST - File.PL4 - File EEUG e.v. PlotXY 34 34
Program Settings Click on the Folder and Select a New Folder Version of the.ini - File Name ot ATP Executable File (.EXE) Load last.net File During Startup Default DATA Folder Folder of the ATP Runtime System Folder of Omicron CM Engine DLL Folder of ATPDesigner.exe Windows OS Folder 35 35
4 Design of Network Elements 36 36
Object Orientated Design Network Element = Object Object Orientated Design of Software and Data Information about the Graphical Representation Required for Panting the Network Graphics - Colors and Size - Position inside the View (x/y Coordinate) - Drawing Orientation - Connection to other Objects -... Transformer Information about the Electrical and Mechanical Settings Required for Writing the ATP Data Case File - U n, I n - P, Q, S - Line Length L - Impedance Z, Resistance R - Inductance L, Capacitance C, - Vector Group, Numerical Index - Helpful Calculators -... 37 37
Settings of Network Elements Settings are specified from Electrical Engineering Point of View The Vision ATP can be used Without ATP Expert Knowledge Neutral Point CB Nominal Voltages Vector Group Helpful Calculator Neutral Point solid grounded isloated compensated Neutral Point Impedance 38 38
Settings of Network Elements Example: Neutral Point of 2-Winding Transformer Neutral Point : solid grounded Neutral Point : isolated Neutral Point : compensated (Petersen Coil grounded) Neutral Point : compensated with CB in Parallel The Concept : Easy to Use Models ATPDesigner creates all ATP related Elements ATPDesigner creates all ATP related Node Names ATPDesigner makes ATP specific Requirements Invisible ATPDesigner designed from the Engineering Point of View 39 39
Design of Objects Detailled Design and Graphical Representation of a Transformer 1..N Snap Points to Connect Other Network Elements Snap Point = Node of the Electrical Power Network ONE Snap Point Can Only Connect ONE Other Snap Point (ONE - to - ONE) In ADDITION: Internal Nodes of the Network Element Trafosymbollänge X User Specific Name Mittelpunktdistanz M Trafoanschluss Trafodurchmesser D Snap Point Überdeckung y TRAFOIMPHOEHE Snap Point No Snap Point, but Internal Node Never to Connect TRAFOIMPBREITE Additional Information 40 40
Snap Points and Nodes Winding A: Snap Point to Connect Neutral-Point Node in the Power Network but no Snap Point Snap Point A Snap Point can be used to connect two network elements A snap point is always a node. The state of a snap point can be Connected, Not Connected or Internal. An Internal Snap Point can be not used to connect an other network element, BUT ATPDesigner will always create a node in the power network. Node Network elements will be connected by Common Nodes. ATPDesigner assigns a Node Name to any node of the power network. Specification of a Node Name: (RST)xxxxx, xxxxx = 00001... 99999 ATPDesigner re-numbers the node names after each operation Node names can be changed but must not changed after each operation F3 : Node names visible / invisible (see also Node Names in the Electrical Network in the Help File) 41 41
Snap Points and Nodes ATPDesigner checks Node Names before Writing the.atp - File Are Nodes NOT Connected? Are Node Names according the specification? If not, Error Message before Starting ATP Simulation Connected Node NOT Connected Nodes NOT Connected Busbar Node Isolated Network Element 42 42
Information of Colors Colors Can Be Set from the User 3-Phase Network Element Disabled Network Element NOT Taken into Account during the Simulation 1-Phase Network Element Circuit Breaker OPEN - CLOSE 43 43
5 First Steps Designing Power Networks 44 44
Basic Operations Operations are Only Enabled, if a Network Element had been First Selected. Selecting a Network Element = Left Mouse Button Click Selected Network Element drawn in Light Grey Selected Network Elements can be Moved, Deleted, Copied, Enabled/Disabled, Locked/Unlocked, etc. Isolated and Selected Network Elements can be Rotated In Addition Disabled Network Elements will be Ignored Creating Electrical Network written in the.atp - File Selected Network Element Isolated Network Element Disabled Network Element 45 45
Basic Operations Locked or Unlocked Shape of a Network Element ATPDesigner Supports Network Elements with a Fixed Shape and with a Flexible Shape. Lock / Unlock Status will be indicated for Selected Network Elements Network Element with Locked Shape Network Element with Unlocked Shape Moving Locked Lines Shape of the Line will be Fixed Moving Unlocked Lines Shape of the Line can be changed using a Rubber Band 46 46
Basic Operations Selecting Several Network Elements Hold Down SHIFT & Left Mouse Button, Click on Network Elements Selected Network Elements drawn in Light Grey Moving Selected Network Elements Move Mouse Cursor Over Selected Network Elements Hand Appears Press Left Mouse Button and Move Selected Network Elements Release Left Mouse Button at the New Position 47 47
Add Transformer ATPDesigner identifies NOT Connected Snap Points 1. Click on Toolbar Button or Select in Right Mouse Button Menu 2. Select the Drawing Direction Right 3. Move Mouse Cursor to a NOT Connected Node 4. Release Mouse Button 5. ATPDesigner Creates New Network Element 6. ATPDesigner Opens Automatically the Settings Dialog 48 48
Open Settings Dialog 49 49
Power Network Design 1. Select the Network Elements to Move (Light Grey) 2. Move Mouse Cursor to the Node 3. Hold Left Mouse Button Down 4. Move Selected Network Elements to a NOT Connected Node 50 50
Power Network Design Checking Network Topology ATPDesigner checks the New Topology of the Power Network, before finalising Are All Required Snap Points NOT Connected? If YES, Finalize the Modified Network Topology If NO, Error Message will be Displayed Redo the Modification of the Network Topology 51 51
Add Load Impedance 1. Click on the Toolbar Button 2. Select the Drawing Direction Right 3. Move Mouse Cursor to a NOT Connected Node 4. Release Mouse Button 5. ATPDesigner Creates New Network Element 6. ATPDesigner Opens Automatically the Settings Dialog 7. Enable Solid Grounded 52 52
CB with Measuring Location ATPDesigner supports Circuit Breakers with Measuring Location Measuring Location to the Right or Left of the CB Voltage Transformer (VT) and Current Transformer (CT) Model Evaluation Release: Transformation Ratio Available in Full Release Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT) CT with Saturation (Magnetization Characteristic) 53 53
CB with Measuring Location Measuring Locations Assigned to Circuit Breaker Cb1..5 5 Measuring Locations available with VT and CT Models Cb1..5 can be only Deleted, if Assigned Measuring Location had been First Deactivated Activate / Deactivate Assigned Measuring Locations First Select Cb1..5 (drawn in Light Grey) Open Settings Dialog via Right Mouse Button Menu 54 54
CB with Measuring Location Cb1..5 and Testing Protection Relays Testing Distance Protection or Overcurrent Protection Tests in Radial Networks Use Cb1 with Assigned Measuring Location 1 Monitoring at ONE Monitoring Point Tests in Meshed Networks Use Cb1 and Cb2 with Assigned Measuring Location 1 and 2 Monitoring at TWO Monitoring Points Testing Differential Protection 2-Winding Transformer Protection or 2-Terminal Line Differential Protection Use Cb1 and Cb2 with Assigned Measuring Location 1 and 2 Monitoring at TWO Monitoring Points 55 55
CB with Measuring Location 56 56
CB1..5 and CT Saturation Saturation of Current Transformers One of the Most Critical Problems Regarding Protection Schemes It is Necessary to Test the Behaviour of Protection Relays in Case of CT Saturation Determine the Influence of the Tripping Times Determine the Overreaching or Underreaching ATP Numerical Models for Non-Linear Inductances Available (e.g. Type 98) But CT Model isn t Yet Available, Must be First Specified ATPDesigner Current Transformer Only Available for CB 1..5 Numerical Model of a TPX Current Transformer can be Enabled Options: Hysterisis and Remanence are both Available See more Details in the Help File CT Saturation Characteristic 57 57
CB1..5 and CT Saturation Numerical Model of the Current Transformer Enabled for Circuit- Breaker Cb 1 Example Transformation Ratio = 1000 / 1 A S n = 5 VA R b = 2 Ohm N = 10 Total Error F g = 1% 58 58
CB1..5 and CT Saturation ATP based Model Transformation Ration Ideal Transformer Magnetization Characteristic Type 98 L (i) Internal Burden and External Burden Burden Impedance Create a Diagram using OUTP01/2/3 Currents at the Secondary Circuit of the CT CT Saturation 59 59
CB1..5 and CT Saturation The Internal Currents of the Current Transformer OUTP01 Current to be Injected into the Protection Relay IAS_M1 Current at Secondary Circuit of the CT WITHOUT Saturation RICTM1 Magnetization Current of the CT 60 60
6 Network Simulation and Diagram Viewer 61 61
ATP Data: Simulation Data Before Starting the Simulation it is necessary to specify some settings, which are related to the simulation process. Time Overall Length of the Calculated Data in Cycles Prefault Time before a Line Fault occurs dt Sampling Rate of the Data stored in the.pl4 File Out Repetition of the Test Step, related to CMC Test System Step Number of Calculation Steps between two Samples stored in the.pl4 - File 62 62
ATP Data: Simulation Data Advantage of dt and Step It is often a must to use a high internal sampling frequency caused by complex and high-sophisticated numerical models e.g. LINE CONSTANTS. On the other hand it is often sufficient to write the sampling values of voltages and currents in the.pl4 file using a low sampling frequency. Both requirements can be set independent from each other with the both settings dt Step. Example: Testing Protection Relays The typical sampling frequency of protection relays is about 1000Hz. If a test engineer uses e.g. an Omicron CMC Test System, it is sufficient to use an output sampling frequency of about 5000Hz = 0.2ms in the.pl4 file. Therefore the settings dt should be set to dt = 0.2ms. The internal ATP related sampling frequency can now be set dependend on the requirements of the used numerical models. 63 63
First Calculating Voltages, etc. ATPDesigner starts ATP as a Background Process Click on the Toolbar Botton or Use the Right Mouse Button Menu or Use Hotkey CTRL + R Open Corresponding.PL4 File Select Node Names Move it to the Right List Node IAP_M1 Current Phase A Primary Measuring Location 1 Node IBP_M1 Current Phase B Primary Measuring Location 1 Node ICP_M1 Current Phase C Primary Measuring Location 1 64 64
TACS Interface for Diagrams ATPDesigner connects Internal Nodes to TACS Nodes Nodes will be Re-Numbered if the Network Topology had been Changed BUT: TACS Nodes are Fixed TACS Output Nodes for CB 1..5 with Measuring Location Probes Advantage Signal List for Diagrams are Fixed if Network Topology had been Changed Easy to Refresh Diagrams after Modifications 65 65
Creating a Diagram ATPDesigner creates a New Diagram in a New View Node Names Related to Graphics Cursor Diagram related Toolbar 66 66
Enable Fault Type ATPDesigner supports Lines 1..3 with Integrated Fault Location Open the Dialog Fault Types Select Fault Type ABCG Default: Fault at the Beginning of the Line = 0% Fault can be MOVED Holding Down Left Mouse Button Move the Fault Location to 50% Recalculate Voltages and Currents Open Corresponding.PL4 File Refresh Diagram 67 67
Setting Fault Location An Alternative Method to Set the Fault Location Faults (Short-Circuits) can be Enabled for Lines 1..3 Therefore: Fault Location can be Set in the Line Settings Dialog 68 68
Open Corresponding Diagram ATPDesigner presents the Modified Diagram 2 Graphics Cursor Enable Graphics Cursor for Signal Analyzing Purposes Sampled Values Red Cursor 1 Cycle Sampled Values Grey Cursor Time [s] 69 69
7 Signal Analysis 70 70
Signal Analysis Settings Open Dialog Diagram Settings DFT Window = 1 Cycle Time distance between the Graphic Cursor DFT f = 50 Hz Filtering Frequency of DFT Should be Fundamental Frequency of the Power Network Can be set Independent of the Power Network Frequency DFT Window DFT Window can be moved using Cursor Left & Cursor Right Size of the DFT Window keeps constant Graphical Cursor can be set independent with Mouse Left & Mouse Right 71 71
DFT Algorithm Discrete Fourier Transformation One of the Most Important Analyzing Methods for Electrical Engineers Used for Harmonic Analysis f n 100 100 50 0 Continuous Signal Measured Voltages and Currents Measured in Real Power Networks 50 100 100 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02 0 t 0.019 n f n 110 100 50 0 50 Sampled Signal Voltages and Currents calculated using ATP Sampled values stored in.pl4 - File Sampling Frequency e.g. 1 khz 100 110 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02 0 t n 0.019 72 72
DFT Algorithm Calculation of a Complex Vector a + j b Real Part N - 1 2 n a k = f (nt a) cos 2πk N n=0 N Imaginary Part N - 1 2 n b k = f (nt a) sin 2πk N n=0 N f a : Sampling Frequency in Hz T a = 1 / f a : Size of the DFT Window in Seconds N : Number of Samples in the DFT Window k : DFT Filtering Frequency k = 0 : DC Component k = 1 : Fundamental Frequency e.g. 50 Hz k = 1 : 1. Harmonic e.g. 100 Hz... dt : Output Sampling Rate in.pl4 File Internal (ATP) Sampling Frequency f int = Step / dt 73 73
DFT Example f(t k) = 100 sin(2π50hz t k) + 10 sin(2π100hz t k) + 20 sin(2π350hz t k) DFT f = 50 Hz 1. Harmonic = 100 Hz 6. Harmonic = 350 Hz 74 74
Fundamental Frequency ATPDesigner supports Signal Analysis using DFT Algorithm 1. Open a Diagram e.g. Reading a.pl4 - File 2. Enable Graphics Cursor 3. Open Dialog of Signal Analysis Results Fundamental Frequency Node Names Frequency Spectrum Frequency Spectrum Bar Diagram R.M.S Peak Amount Phase Phase Difference 75 75
Frequency Spectrum 1. Select One of the Nodes in the List 2. Click on the Tab Harmonics Frequency Amount Frequency Spectrum of Selected Signal Phase Phase Difference Related to 50 Hz Copy List to Clipboard 76 76
Bar Diagram Click on the Tab Spectrum Top Most Window Copy to Clipboard Select Maximum Frequency to Show Unit to Select Resizable Dialog 77 77
Vector Diagram Open the Vector Diagram Copy to Clipboard Scaling Factor Resizable Dialog 78 78
8 Testing Protection Relays 79 79
Testing Protection Relays Vision Protection Relays shall be tested as Realistic as Possible Test Data according the Physical Conditions in Power Networks Transient Phenomena shall be taken into account Test Procedures shall be Automated to Increase the Number of Test Steps Requirements ATP is able to Simulate the Behaviour of Electrical Power Networks ATP Output Data : Sampled Data of Voltages and Currents Test System required to Translate Sampled Data to Volts and Amps D/A Converter 16 Bit Frequency Range 0.. 5000 Hz Voltage Output up to 150V (V nom = 80..130V) Current Output up to 50 A (I nom = 1A or 5A, I max 100 I nom ) Monitoring Binary Signals (f a 0,5ms) Communication Interface between PC and Test System to Automate Test Procedures 80 80
ATPDesigner and CMEngine ATPDesigner supports CMC Test Systems of Omicron Using the Communication Interface CM Engine for Control and Automation Voltages and Currents Transfered to CMC Test System as Sampled Data CMC Test System Translates Sampled Data to Volts and Amps CMC Test System Monitors Binary Signal with 100µs Resolution CMC Test System = Recording System for Binary Signals Procedure Design of the Power Network with ATPDesigner Calculating Voltages and Currents with ATP as Primary Signals ATPDesigner Transforms Voltages and Currents to Secondary Signals Circuit Breaker Cb1..5 supporting Numerical CT and VT Models Circuit Breaker Cb1..2 designed for Data Interface to CMC Test System Test Methods in ATPDesigner Single-Test Step Test Procedure 81 81
CM Engine Support ATPDesigner communicates with CMC Test Systems via Parallel Port Interface ATPDesigner converts Sampled Data of.pl4 File Internally to CMC Data Format ATPDesigner transfers Sampled Data to CMC Test System ATPDesigner reads out Monitoring Data (Binary Inputs) from CMC Test System after Finalizing Test Step Monitoring Data = Tripping Times Test Procedure In Addition ATPDesigner writes Test Report 82 82
Output Device: CMC Easy to Use: CMC Test System Select Output Device = CMC Test System Measuring Location 1 will be Automatically Assigned to the CMC Test System Primary Voltages V AG, V BG, V CG Primary Currents I A, I B, I C Substation CT and VT Secondary Voltages OUTP04/05/06 Secondary Currents OUTP01/02/03 CMC Test System via CM Engine Interface Protection Relay 83 83
TACS Interface See Node Help about Specification of Node Names Secondary Circuit of Substation Transformer Measuring Location 1 (Cb1) V AG Measuring Location 1 (Cb1) V BG Measuring Location 1 (Cb1) V CG Measuring Location 1 (Cb1) I A Measuring Location 1 (Cb1) I B Measuring Location 1 (Cb1) I C OUTP04 OUTP05 OUTP06 OUTP01 OUTP02 OUTP03 Start Single Test Step Define Test Procedure ATPDesigner shows Operating Times ATPDesigner writes Test Report 84 84
Operating Times Single-Step Test Presenting the Last Measured Operating Times 10 Binary Inputs of CMC Test System LED Indication Measured Operating Times 85 85
Operating Times.TRP File: Operating Times in a Diagram 86 86
Test Procedure 2 Test Levels Monitoring Binary Inputs Level 1 Settings Test Level 1 = Master Level Test Level 2 = Slave Level, Operated for all Test Level 1 Steps 87 87
Test Procedure Level 1 Setting Level 2 Setting 88 88
Test Report Example: Test Procedure for Distance Protection P430 Test Report contains the Results which are also presented in the Operating Times Dialog. Level 1 Fault Location 60.. 90 % of the Line Length, Step 10% Level 2 Point on Wave 0.. 330, Step 30 Repetitions 10 times per Network Simulation Results Minimum Tripping Time Maximum Tripping Time Mean Value 89 89
ATPDesigner and CMC See Additional Information in the Help File Measuring Operating Times of a Protection Device Correction of Measured Operating Times Automated Test Procedures Concept of Test Procedures How to define a Test Procedure Test Level 2 Test Procedure Comments Monitoring Ranges Operating Times Dialog for Test Procedures Configuration of CMC Test System Menu Item Configuration of Amplifiers Connecting CMC Test System During Startup How ATPDesigner Connects the CMC Test System Configuration of Omicron CMC Test Systems 90 90
Demonstration Distance Protection P430 + CMC156 Reactive Reach = 80% of the Line Length Power Network Measuring Location 1 assigned to Circuit-Breaker Cb1 Substation VT Ratio Substation CT Ratio 91 91