By K M Chanda, HUDCO

QUALITY ASSURANCE AND MONITORING IN PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD By K M Chanda, HUDCO HUDCO HOUSE, LODHI ROAD NEW DELHI-110003

Quality Control regulates and measures: Adequacy of the construction procedure Quality of selected materials Quality of workmanship Safety management Results of each completed task comply with the requirements for project specifications and design

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) devised three-tier Quality control & Quality monitoring mechanism: Tier-1 : Quality Assurance & Quality Control (Implementing Agency) Tier-2 : Periodic Inspection of the work by SLNA Tier-3 : Third party Inspection & Monitoring through independent agencies to be approved by state Central level monitoring in addition to three tiers Community participation through interaction during construction stage

Duties & Responsibilities of implementing agency (Engineer-in-charge Selecting and implementing management strategy Overall control of performance, cost and time Setting up and maintaining interparty information flows and planning Appointing and instructing other members of the team Definition and achievement of the client s objective Conduct QC, QAP tests whenever required at either site laboratory or at outside approved test laboratories. 10% of tests should be carried out at outside Laboratory. Test should be carried out at outside laboratories finalized by the Department Monitor the execution work in light of QAP Record results in format provided Identify the defects if any Instruct the contractor to correct defects and get it corrected

Responsibilities of SLNA Inspection of the work with respect to Design & specification Provisions made in estimates with respect to site requirement Management of the contract, deployment of qualified staff by the contractor and establishment of a functional quality control laboratory by the contractor Construction programme and progress of work Record of quality control tests and its accuracy Inspection of departmental officer/pius and compliance of their instructions Involvement of beneficiaries during progress of work, their satisfaction To hold meetings with ULBs/PIUs and contractors To interact with State Technical Agencies in matters relating to the design, testing and execution

Responsibilities of TPIM Agency construction stage, project completion stage & post-construction Monitoring of works pertaining to pre-construction stage, stage Desk review of documents and periodical site visits Filling and uploading of all inspection reports in the online monitoring system of the Mission Directorate etc. Communicating project strategy, outcomes, rights and responsibilities of all stakeholders To assess beneficiaries strategies To obtain feedback To furnish progress report as per the appropriate stage of the project under development

Major items of Civil & Structural work during construction are : Excavation and plain cement concrete Anti termite treatment and backfill Concreting and Reinforcement Brickwork, including mortar and plastering Water proofing Flooring Plumbing & Water supply Electrical works (external & internal) Painting Drainage works

Major control points for various items of civil works Excavation and plain cement concrete Pre-excavation : Dressing, Marking,Accuracy, Stepping, Stacking Obstruction, Serviceable Materials,Leveling, Checking etc,disposal, Signal post, signal lamps, etc should be provided throughout the period of works as safety precautions against accident Existing sewer line and other services, if any, located in the layout should be identified. Proper remedial measures to be taken to prevent entry of water into the construction site as well as dewatering arrangement to be made Leveling and setting out of works including all intermediate levels should be checked properly. Provision for proper lighting arrangement, site office, temporary shed for workers, storage of building materials etc are to be made

Post excavation Excavated materials should be staked away from the foundation edge (at least 1 meter) and loose packets of soils, if any, should be identified and marked. No vehicles should be allowed to ply/park within 1 meter of excavated area Excess excavation carried out if any should be filled by PCC as per instruction of Engineer in Charge Appropriate shoring and shuttering arrangements for excavated areas, as required/specified should be made to avoid collapse of the site

Plain Cement Concrete Shuttering, if required, to be provided properly without any gap in between and should be checked for water tightness Anti-termite treatment should be finished before commencement of concreting All materials should be of specified brand and grade and should be accompanied with manufacturer s test certificate Sand and aggregate should be free from any impurities and should be washed before use Proper storage methods should be ensured to prevent possible deterioration and periodical visual inspection & usual site laboratory test to be conducted before putting them into works Concreting should be in line and level and curing should be done as per specification

Anti-termite treatment and Backfill Chemicals for ATT are as per specification and within expiry date Record of stock and consumption of materials are to be maintained at sites Mixing is done as per manufacturer s specified proportion ATT should be finished before commencement of backfilling with the specified soil only Backfilling should be done in layers of 300 mm with proper watering and compaction

Reinforced Cement Concrete All materials should be as per specification and should be accompanied with manufacturer s test certificate and checked for compliance Proper storage methods are to be ensured to prevent possible deterioration Form-work should be as per required profile, line, level & finish and should be sturdy to withstand weight of wet concrete, steel & live load & to be tested for water tightness Proper water cement ratio, vibration, deposition of concrete, location of construction joint should be ensured Conduction of usual slump test, cube test, specified period of curing, striking of forms etc are to be maintained as per specification contd

Bar length should be as per bar bending schedule Reinforcement should be placed as per specified spacing and diameter Lap length should be provided as per codal specification Concreting should be done continuously and compaction of concrete should be carried out continuously including proper maintenance of construction joint Removal of shuttering should be as per provision of IS : 456 2000 Line and level of concrete surface should be checked continuously Defects, if any, to be identified and proper action to be taken for rectification instantly

Brick masonry work Bricks shall be of specified quality & size of bricks should conform to standards Bricks are soaked in water before use, for a period, for the water to just penetrate the whole depth of the bricks. Alternatively, clean water spraying to be done to bricks soaked in stacks for a period not less than six hours Only skin-dry bricks are to be laid. Unless otherwise specified, English bond is to be followed and for half brick wall - stretcher bond Brick work should be cured for at least 7 days and at least 3 days before starting of plastering works. Raking of joints to receive plaster and curing for the period as specified should be followed.

Plastering Masonry and concrete surface to which plaster is to be applied is clear, free from efflorescence, damp and sufficiently rough and hacked, washed and well watered before plaster is applied. Preparation of mortar of specified ratio and in requisite amount should be done. Provision of thickness pad and chicken mesh at masonry RCC junction shall be made All chasing, installation of conduit, boxes etc are ensured before commencement of plastering work. Curing is started as soon as the plaster has hardened sufficiently and is kept continuously damp for proper curing for at least 7 days.

Tile Flooring Sub grade concrete or RCC slab on which the tiles are laid are cleaned, wetted and mopped. Mortar is spread, tamped and corrected to proper levels and allowed to harden sufficiently to offer a fairly rigid cushion for the tiles to set Over the mortar bedding, neat grey cement slurry (1.5 bags of cement in 100 lits of water) of honey like consistency is spread Tiles are soaked in water, washed, cleaned and are fixed in the grout one after another Joints are kept as thin as possible and in straight lines or to suit required pattern The surface of the flooring during laying is frequently checked with a straight edge about 2 mtrs long, so as to obtain a true surface with the required slope contd

Curing shall be done for at least 7 days & fixing of skirting should be done only after curing period is over Skirting is fixed using 1:1 mortar proportion and skirting joints are matched with joints of flooring Finished floor level of bathrooms and WC should be lower than the adjacent floor level by approximately 18 mm The finished work should not sound hollow when tapped with a wooden mallet

Plumbing and water supply GI PLUMBING ON WALLS Take measurements of required lengths of pipe, make an assembly of pipes as per layout. Fix it on the wall and ensure all heights and measurements Leakages to be checked through pressure testing GI DOWNTAKE Mark all the GI lines on the wall in plumb as per layout and design, on completion of external plastering Fix all the vertical GI pipes in line and level with proper clamping Minimum 3 clamps should be fixed one at centre and one at each joint for each pipe using drill machine only Provide control valves for all the toilets, kitchen and master valve at terrace level as per design, location and specification contd

TERRACE GI work on the terrace should be done after water proofing of the terrace is completed It should be laid as per given layout and design Preferably terrace looping pipes to be run 0.6 m above the water proofing level, on the parapet wall with clamping SUPPLY OF WATER TO AND FROM UNDERGROUND WATER TANK Before doing the roadwork, lay the required water supply lines from the source such as, municipal line, bore well, open well, treatment plant, up to the underground water tank Lay the delivery lines from UGR to OHR Check the position of delivery lines, air vents, washout, drain pipes, manholes for both the tanks

Drainage system Drainage line to be constructed as per the design & layout Excavation to be done considering the invert level of chambers The joints of the chambers should be packed with packing rope, soaked in cement slurry and seated with cement mortar to the cemented joints Proper curing should be done at least for 7 days. Testing of drainage line should be done as per IS standards and defects found if any should be repaired instantly and back filling work should be done only after confirmation of no leakage in the line.

Painting Great skill of workmanship is required as painting affects the total appearance of the building from inside and outside Surface should be cleared with wire brush for dust, loose scales, etc and should be completely dried All gaps, cracks and undulations shall be filled and smoothened After preparation of surface, apply thick coat of primer to walls and ceilings followed by filler (putty) in horizontal and vertical directions Apply first coat of paints after 24 hours on cleaning the surface Second coat and subsequent coats of paints if required, should be applied at an interval of minimum 24 hours. For external painting, normally cement paint is used with sand faced finished wall For external painting, second coat is cured for 7 days with a spray pump or water pipe.

Building material tests for Quality control WATER PH value - IS : 3025 Concentration of solids in water - IS : 3025 Sulphate impurities - IS : 3025 Organic/Inorganic solids - IS : 3025 Chloride content - IS : 3025

Building material tests for Quality control Cement Fineness - IS : 4031 : 1996 Soundness - IS : 4031 : 1988 Setting time - IS : 4031 : 1966 Compressive strength - IS : 4031 : 1988 Consistency - IS : 4031 : 1996 Specific gravity - IS : 4031 : 1968

Building material tests for Quality control Sand Fineness modulus - IS : 1607 : 1960 - IS : 383 : 1970 Silt content - IS : 2386 : 1963 - IS : 383 : 1970 Bulkage of sand - IS : 2386 : 190 Specific gravity & water absorption - IS : 2386 : 1963 Organic impurities - IS : 383 : 1988

Building material tests for Quality control Coarse Aggregate Sieve analysis for grading - IS : 383-1963 Specific gravity & water Absorption - IS : 2386-1963 Soundness - IS : 2386-1963 Impact value - IS : 2386-1990 Crushing value - IS : 2386-1990 Stone metal-abrasion test - IS : 2386-1990 Flaking index - IS : 2386-1963

Building material tests for Quality control Bricks Test for water absorption -IS:3425-1992 Compressive strength -IS:3495-1992 Test for efflorescence -IS:3495-1992 Steel Mechanical properties such as 0.2% proof stress, % elongation, tensile strength of reinforcing T.M.T. bars - IS:1608-1995 Reinforcing steel- Bend test - IS:1608-1995

Building material tests for Quality control Concrete Slump test - CPWD specification Compaction Factor -CPWD specification Weight, Cement factor and air content test - CPWD specification Reinforcement Tensile Strength - IS 1608 Rebound test - IS:1786 Elongation test - IS 1786 Proof Stress - IS 1786 Bend test - IS 1786

Quality control test for road works Los Angeles test for coarse aggregates - IS 4386 Abrasion value of aggregate - IS 4386 Impact value - IS 5640 Flakiness index - IS 2386 Grading requirement - IS 2386 Test for deleterious material - IS 2386

Vicatt s apparatus 1 No Suggested list of equipments for Quality Control Lab Cube testing Machine 2000KN Capacity Mortar Cube casting Machine Thermometer 1000C Brass sieves of 200 dia-10 mm, 4.75 mm, 2.36 mm, 1.18 mm, 0.6000 mm, 0.300 mm, 0.150 mm, pan and lid GI Sieves of 300 dia-80 mm, 63 mm, 40 mm, 20 mm, 16 mm, 12.5 mm, 10 mm, 4.75 mm, 2.36 mm, pan and lid Cube moulds 15X15X15 cm 7.07X7.07X7.07 cm Thermostatically controlled oven 1 No 1 No 1 No 1 No each 1 No each 15 Nos 9 Nos 1 No

Proctor mould for MDD and OMC 2.6 kg capacity Slump cone with tampering rod Measuring cylinder glass 250 ml Measuring cylinder plastic 500 ml Measuring cylinder plastic 1000 ml Gauging trowel Digital weighing balance 15 kg capacity Tray 1 ft X 9 inches Tray 1 meter X 1 meter Aluminum small container 1 No 2 Nos 3 Nos 2 Nos 2 Nos 1 Pair 1 No 3 Nos 1 No 5 Nos

Checklist : Excavation & PCC Sl No Items Remarks 1 Good for construction drawings indicating levels available at Site 2 Proper safety precautions taken for site and public 3 Precautions taken for drawing and protecting site from flooding 4 Dumping ground established 5 Setting out and levels as per drawings 6 Intermediate levels checked 7 Post Excavation 8 Characteristics of excavated strata noted and deviations informed 9 Appropriate shoring and shuttering done

Checklist for Plain Cement concrete works S.No. Items Remarks 1 All levels and dimensions checked for correctness 2 Shuttering is as per plan and has no gaps in between 3 All materials are of specified brand and grade 4 Making of concrete has been done as specified 5 Slump and other tests carried out as specified 6 Honeycombing removed 7 Required number of samples have been taken for carrying out slump tests, cube tests etc 8 Concreting has been done as per specified line and level 9 Curing has been done as specified 10 Compaction has been done properly 11 Remedial measures taken for removal of defects

Checklist for Anti-termite treatment & Backfill Sl No Items Remarks 1 Chemicals for ATT are as per specification 2 Chemicals in use are within expiry date 3 Sufficient quantities of chemicals are available at site for ATT 4 Safety precautions have been taken for carrying out ATT 5 Record of consumption maintained at site 6 Filling materials/earth is as per specification 7 Anti-termite treatment has been carried out before commencement of backfilling 8 Filling has been done in layers of 300 mm, watered and compacted as per specification 9 Proper compaction method has been adopted

Checklist : Reinforced Cement Concrete works Sl No Items Remarks 1 All specified materials available at site 2 Cement is of the required grade and not more than three months old 3 Shuttering checked for Staging & Propping, line and level, dimensions cleaning etc and its quality approved 4 Application of oil & grease carried out 5 Mixer/Vibrator as specified available at site with adequate means to run them during concretion 6 Cutout & Sleeves/Inserted 7 Surface of reinforcement is clean and free from rust 8 Bars have been provided as per structural drawings 9 Lap length & dowels provided as per codal provisions 10 Pin bars & chairs/cover blocks provided as per requirements

Checklist : Reinforced cement concrete works 11 Items Remarks 12 Trying of bars has been done correctly 13 Service lines (Electrical, Plumbing, Others) if any, provided before commencement of concrete 14 Availability/Arrangement of pumps etc, roper access & walkway checked 15 Adequacy of vibrators/needle including diesel vibrator 16 Slump cone test cubes made 17 Safety & health measures taken before commencement 18 All necessary precautions taken before commencement of concreting 19 Samples taken for slump, cube tests etc for

Checklist : Reinforced cement concrete works Sl No Items Remarks 20 Proper compaction done and checks on staging & scaffolding carried out 21 Covering of green concrete carried 22 Surface finish checked 23 Construction joints provided 24 Deshuttering started on vertical faces 25 Proper curing of concrete carried out 26 Defects notified and removed 27 Cubes and other test results will be intimated to the Engineer-in-charge for further action

Masonry, mortar and plaster Sl No Items Remark s 1 Availability of material as per daily requirement checked 2 Quality check for bricks/blocks/sand cement carried out 3 Provisions kept for electrical and other services 4 Checking for line/level/right angle carried out 5 Mortar checked for mix proportion 6 Proper raking of joints 7 Seismic bands provided as per zonal requirements 8 Check cleaning of dead mortar and broken bricks/blocks etc 9 Curing carried out as per requirements 10 Mortar for plastering as specified for each side of wall

Masonry, mortar and plaster S.No. Items Remarks 11 Quality of cement and sand checked 12 Curring work done as per requirement 13 Preparation of surface 14 Curring 15 Check for hollowness 16 Check for cracks 17 Mortar mixing in tray 18 Addition of water proofing compound 19 Proper roughing of first code 20 Check for collection of mortar spills

Masonry, mortar and plaster S.No. Items Remarks 21 Cleaning of dead mortar 22 Check of waviness 23 Check for grooves/drip moulds 24 Application of cement slurry on concrete surface 25 Curing 26 Check for hollowness 27 Check for cracks 28 Check for diagonal 29 Line wash after 3 days (within 5 days in case of neeru application) 30 Safety and health measures

Checklist Cement Concrete Roads S.No. Items Remarks 1 Materials used for construction of sub base, base and cement concreting is as specified 2 Grading of Aggregates is as per specifications 3 Right of Way Maintained as per drawings 4 Aggregates spread uniformity to proper profile 5 Centre line, gradient and camber maintained as specified 6 Cross section levels of precedent layer recorded 7 Tests of aggregates carried out as specified and record 8 Top concrete surface is of required grade and mix 9 All tests carried out as per the relevant BIS Codes

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