Raghavendra Reddy D 1, G Kumara Swamy 2

Car Accident Detection, Communication And Tracking Using ARM7 Controller Raghavendra Reddy D 1, G Kumara Swamy 2 1 PG Scholar, Dept of ECE, Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous), Hyderabad, India. 2 Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE, Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous), Hyderabad, India. 1 rvreddy.d@gmail.com 2 kumaraswamy@mrec.ac.in Abstract In this paper a system is proposed to provide ARM7 controller based Accident detection, communication and tracking of car using Piezoelectric sensor, GSM and GPS. Main objective of this paper is to accident detection using vibration sensor and spot at any location and intimating to register mobile number through GSM and tracking the location of car using GPS technology. This paper provides information regarding vehicle Identity, location on real time basis. Whenever the accident occurs, Piezoelectric sensor detects and information is collected by the LPC2148 by using different modules like GPS and GSM and dispatches it to the registered mobile number. Whenever user wants to know the location of car then he will send SMS "TRACK" to that GSM then the controller will give reply as location values to user through GSM technology. Being lived in the digital world we still lack behind the facilities/communication that secure the human life, so by using this proposed model we can overcome the death rate and injured people can be hospitalized quickly where the communication being tough (Highways, outskirts of cities). Keywords ARM7, Car accident detection, GSM, GPS, Piezoelectric sensor, Track. I. INTRODUCTION The National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) and the International Road Traffic & Accident Database (IRTAD) reports that the rate of car accidents are rapidly increasing particularly in India. There are few scenarios which motivates project. They are: (1) A road accident took place in Hyderabad near the outer ring road in which two were dead in spot and two were injured severely. Here the injured were in need of urgent hospitalization. But the information about the accident was been delay due to the proper communication. (Reference www.ap7am.com hyd, July 10, 2014)[1]. (2) The accidents occurred at the city outskirts are high when compared with the mishaps occurred within the city range. Due to lack of proper communication the death ratio is increasing in city outskirts[2]. From the above, we can notice that the accidents are causing the death but the proper communication can save the life of the injured people from being dead. The importance of time in the peak stages of life is very high which missing and causing death. So to overcome the above scenarios I have proposed a model that will really serves a lot to the people for tracking vehicle accident location and send an alert message to registered mobile number. Objectives of this paper is understanding ARM7 controller, Piezoelectric sensor for accident detection and GPS/GSM system for communication purpose, Embedded C code development and dumping on ARM7 Controller, Finally understanding the interfacing and communication of Piezoelectric sensor,gps and GSM modules with LPC2148. The rest of this paper is written as follows. In Section II, the Literature review is introduced. Section III formulates the hardware implementation for vehicle accident occurrence and tracking the vehicle. Section IV explains about firmware implementation used for proposed design. Working procedure and prototype system results are explained in Section V. future scope and conclusion is presented in Section VI. II. LITERATURE REVIEW In this Section, we will discuss the information found by study and research that is critical and have an important value in the contribution of the whole paper. It also gives some basic knowledge or theoretical base and is used as a foundation to achieve successfully the main objectives. Most of the literatures are from the related articles, journals, books and previous works of the same fields. These literatures are then compiled use a guidance to the work of this paper. GSM and GPS based vehicle location and tracking system is a on board module which resides in the vehicle, will provide the information of vehicle location.it informs the location of vehicle by sending the GPS location values to system using GSM module. At present situation, such a system is still not available for detecting the information of where the accident has occurred. Hence with this paper implementation we can detect the position of the 273

vehicle where the accident has occurred so that we A. LPC2148 can provide the first aid as early as possible. The number of hardware I have gathered from previous journals and other sites are given below. All these are used together and worked according to our requirement. III. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION This section explains about the block diagram and specifications of the paper. Before going to start this paper, identified the modules and software's which are required to do this proposed system and after that combining all this modules finally design the proposed system of block diagram is done. The implementation of the proposed system design can be divided in two parts. Hardware implementation Firmware implementation ARM architecture is developed by British company ARM Holdings. Over the last few years it is most pervasive a 32-bit architecture, which offers high performance, high code density and very low power consumption. ARM is a family of computer processors based on a reduced (RISC) architecture. It will execute the instructions in a single cycle with a high speed. It contains the extensions like thumb instruction set and Jazelle Java machine. LPC2148 is the widely used IC from ARM7 family. LPC2148 operates at 3.3v power supply. It contains the 64 pins in a tiny LQFP package, in this each pin using for some functionality. This 64 pins are divided into two ports called as port0 and port1, port0 contains the 32 pins in this 3 pins are not available and port1 contains the 32 pins in this 16 pins are not available. In 64 pins 45 are GPIO pins and remaining pins are using for power supply, ground and RESET etc. It contains two UARTs for serial communication purpose [3,4,5]. In this proposed system all the modules are connected to a LPC2148 for controlling and communication purpose. A GPS module and GSM modem is connected to a LPC2148 of UART0 and UART1 respectively, remaining all modules all connected to a respective GPIO pins. B. Piezoelectric Sensor FIG.1. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN Hardware implementation is implemented as follows,first drawing the schematic design using the Orcad software according to the proposed system application after that testing the schematic design on the breadboard using the various IC's if it meets the requirements, carrying out the this PCB layout of the schematic design tested on breadboard, then finally prepared the board and tested the designed hardware. The block diagram of the design is as shown in Fig.1. It consists of power supply unit, microcontroller, Piezoelectric sensor, GSM, GPS, DC motor, MAX232 and LCD. The brief description of each unit is explained as follows. A Piezoelectric sensor uses the piezoelectric effect to sensing a device. Whenever pressure is applied it will generate the electrical charge. It is used to measure changes in pressure, acceleration, strain or force. In this proposed system it is used as a Car accident detection sensor. It consists of two electric plates, Whenever car met an accident pressure is applied between that plates then it detects the accident is occurred and send a signal to LPC2148. In this paper transistor acts as a switch, it is used as a communication between piezoelectric sensor and LPC2148[6]. C. SIM 900A GSM modem GSM is called as a Global Service for Mobile communications, It is considered as highly efficient communication media to control and monitor the so many things like home, industrial and automobiles from anywhere by sending a message. In this proposed system GSM modem connected to a UART1 of LPC2148 for communication purpose and it sends accident alert message and a GPS location values to registered mobile number. Now a day's it is mostly using for controlling and monitoring purpose, so by this it reduces the waste time by manual 274

operation. It includes SIM card slot, antenna and V. WORKING PROCEDURE AND RESULTS 5v power supply jack and it operates at 900MHz frequency band. It is also very economic and less A. Working Procedure expensive, hence GSM is mostly preferred for controlling and monitoring. D. GPS Module GPS is called as a Global Positioning System. In this proposed system GPS Module used for a monitoring the location values and whenever accident occurred that time it reads the exact accident spot location values then it sends the longitude and latitude values to a register mobile number through GSM modem. Exact location on earth can be known GPS latitude, longitude information. Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space based radio navigation System. The GPS is a constellation of satellites in orbit around the earth which transmit their positions in space as well as the precise period. In all weather conditions it provides the location and time information to stations through satellites. IV. FIRMWARE IMPLEMENTATION Firmware implementation deals in software's which are required for programming the microcontroller so that it can control the operation of the all the modules used in the implementation. In this paper, Orcad design software used for PCB circuit design. Software Tools Required 1. Orcad 2. Keil µvision4 3. Flash Magic A. Programming code description The program is written in the Embedded C language in Keil compiler, which will convert the C language into the Hex file after compilation. The compiler generated hex file was configured into the LPC2148 using Flash Magic software. B. Keil µvision4 Keil is a software which integrated a text editor and compiler. A text editor used to write source code and compiler used for convert the source code into hex file[7]. C. Flash Magic Flash Magic is a PC tool for dump the compiler generated hex file into targeted controller. If dumping process of the hex file is completed, then the controller will work as per our requirement[8]. The main objective of this paper is to accident detection using vibration sensor and spot at any location and intimating to register mobile number through GSM and tracking the location of car using GPS technology. We are using ARM7 microcontroller based LPC2148 SOC, GSM modem and GPS modem and Piezoelectric sensor to achieve this. By power up the hardware kit, the GSM modem will be initialized and it asks for storing a number. Then we should send a dummy message from the number, to which you wish to receive the message. Then the system will receives the message and stores your number. The GPS values (Latitude and Longitude) are continuously received by the controller and will display on the LCD screen. In this proposed system the Piezoelectric sensor is used to monitor the moment of the vehicle. Whenever the accident occurs, Piezoelectric sensor detects and information is collected by the LPC2148 by using different modules and send an accident alert message Accident has Occurred" after that it will send the Longitude and Latitude values using the GPS technology to the registered mobile number. By using a message we can change those numbers in future. If you want to know the location of the vehicle where it is existed, then we simply put a message to the GSM modem. In this paper that message is TRACK. Then the controller will receives that message from GSM modem. After that the controller will read the GPS values and send those values to the GSM modem, which will further send a message along with these GPS values. In this proposed system we are using "START" and "STOP" messages for starting and stopping of the DC motors. every time the sensor activates, the system gives the buzzer. The LCD display was used to display the GPS values and the sensor values. The program is written in the Embedded C language in Keil compiler, which will convert the C language into the Hex file after compilation. The compiler generated hex file was configured into the LPC2148 using Flash Magic software. B. Results The implementation of realization of Car accident detection, communication and tracking using ARM7 controller is done successfully. Communication among all the modules are properly done without any intervention. The proposed system design is done to meet the all the requirements and specifications. 275

FIG.6. LOCATION VALUES OF CAR IS RECEIVED THE REGISTER NUMBER. VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE A. Conclusion FIG.2. PROTOTYPE OF PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN. FIG.3. ACCIDENT ALERT MESSAGE WHILE OCCURRED. The proposed car accident detection,communication and tracking system using ARM7 is achieved successfully. Whenever accident occurs it automatically detects the accident without any intervention. By using this proposed system tracking of car is also possible by sending the location values to registered mobile number using GPS and GSM modules. There are many advantages with the proposed system when compared with the traditional detection techniques. The advantages include less cost, low power consumption and less analysis time. By this proposed system the exact location of the accident car can easily be located which will messaged immediately so that it can save the life of the injured people from being dead. Being lived in the digital world we still lack behind the facilities/communication that secure the human life, so by using this proposed model we can easily overcome the death rate and injured people can be hospitalized quickly where the communication being tough. B. Future Scope FIG.4. ACCIDENT LOCATION VALUES ARE RECEIVED THE REGISTER NUMBER. FIG.5. TRACKING THE LOCATION OF CAR. In this paper communication media is a GSM modem, but GSM network doesn't work in out of coverage area. In this paper whenever accident occurred sensor detects the accident and send a signal to LPC2148 but still we are lack to detecting the car crashes before accident is occurred. Car accident detection system can be made more reliable by a prior alert to driver from crashes through sensor that could reduce injuries and deaths of people in the car to some extent. So we need a new system to enhance this paper in future for reduce the above problems. C. Advantages Save humans life s Time Saving System. It reduces the death percentages in accident. Portable Simple and Less cost Man Power not required. 276

Track Detecting Efficiency is high. [10] Automatic traffic accident detection and alarm system International Journal of Technology Exploration and It gives immediate information to the Learning (IJTEL) Volume 1 Issue 1August 2012. belonging one [11] Wireless accident information using gps and gsm Easily applicable September 15, 2012,Research Journal of Applied Sciences, D. Applications Engineering and Technology, Maxwell Scientific Government and Private vehicles Organization, 2012. Industrial [12] Maha Mohamed Nabeel, Mahmoud FakhrEl-Dein, Personal vehicles SherineAbd El-Kader "Intelligent Vehicle Recognition based Hospital on Wireless Sensor Network", IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 10, Issue 4, No 2, July 2013 E. Limitations ISSN (Online): 1694-0784. GSM doesn t work in the out of coverage area or network problem area. References [1] http://www.ap7am.com/lv=156742-2-killed-in-car accidentat-shamshabad-outer-ring-road.html. [2] http://indiaroadaccidents.com/accidents/accidents.aspx. [3] ARM system development guide, by Andrew N. SLOSS, Dominic SYMES, Chris WRIGHT. [4] LPC2148 single chip 16/32 bit microcontroller, Rev 04, Nov 17, 2008, NXP founded by Philips lpc2148 [5] http://www.engineersgarage.com/arm-projects/introductionto-arm-microcontroller-lpc2148# [6] https://en/wikipedia.org/wiki/piezoelectric_sensor [7] http://www.circuitstoday.com/getting-started-with-keiluvision. [8] http://flash-magic.software.informer.com/ [9] s.sonika, Dr.K.Sathiyasekar2, S.Jaishree3 " Intelligent accident identification system using GPS, GSM modem", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 2, February 2014 ISSN (Online) : 2278-1021. [13] Baburao Kodavati, V.K.Raju GSM AND GPS BASED VEHICLE LOCATION AND TRACKING SYSTEM International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 1, issue no.3, Pp: 616-625, 2012. [14] M.Rajendra Prasad, P.Aswani An automated traffic accident detection and alarm device International Journal of Technological Exploration and Learning (IJTEL) Volume 1 Issue 1 (August 2012). [15] Zhang Wen, Jiang Meng Design of Vehicle positioning System Based on ARM, Business Management and Electronic Information (BMEI), International Conference 2011 IEEE. [16] Chen Peijiang, Jiang Xuehua, Design and Implementation of Remote monitoring system based on GSM, vol.42, pp.167-175. 2008. [17] Ma Chao. Embedded GSM message interface hardware and software design [J]. Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, 2003. [18] Sri Krishna Chaitanya Varma, Poornesh, Tarun Varma, Harsha Automatic Vehicle Accident Detection and Messaging system using GPS and GSM Modems, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 8, August-2013 ISSN 2229-5518. 277