ACCIDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM USING ARM PROCESSOR, GPS AND GSM TECHNOLOGY

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1 I J I T E ISSN: (1-2), 2012, pp ACCIDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM USING ARM PROCESSOR, GPS AND GSM TECHNOLOGY S. VIVEK 1, A. RAMESH 2 AND S. BHARATHI 3 1, 3 M.E-Embedded Systems, EIE 2 Assistant Professor, Department of EIE, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode, India s: vivekgreen01@gmail.com, rameshtce07@gmail.com, selvabha.56@gmail.com Abstract: An unexpected event which happens in our day to day life was an emergency situation which is more commonly known as an accident. For saving the people life, an earlier response is needed which can be by employing alert systems in automobile. This paper describes the automatic emergency calling or alarm systems based on GPS, GSM and ARM. The information about the location, speed, steering wheel position are updated and stored temporarily and restored every 5 seconds. When an emergency occurred it sends the information to police, ambulance and relatives through messages which happened for the past few seconds. These make to help as quicker as possible for saving more life and lower the accident mortality as well as reduce incidents impacting time on the traffic. Keywords: Automatic Emergency Calling Systems, Global Positioning System (GPS), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). I. INTRODUCTION As the technology was rapidly improving, the traffic was also highly developed now, and it became more and more convenient for us to travel. However, traffic accidents also happen every day. According to public sector statistics, hundreds of people lose their lives every day. As data from ministry of health shows, in 1000 accident injured, only 14.3 percent are sent to hospitals by ambulance. In addition, only 40 percent of people die at the scene, and the remaining ones die on the way to hospitals or in hospitals. About 30 percent of the death is due to the absence of timely rescue. For people who travel at night or on countryside road, once accidents happen, they are often killed for not being able to call for help immediately [3]. In the past methods, the vehicle tracking is not mainly used for accidental case since there is no technology improvement and not much of the vehicles used comparing today. If a crash occurs suddenly, the reaction of the emergency services now becomes a race between life and death. Now the world of wireless has inspired an entirely new way of managing and minimizing the death rate due to auto crashes [2],[3],[9],[11]. This paper proposes a work for saving lives of people who met accident, by advanced accident information system using ARM. This paper will further organized as OVERVIEW OF VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEMS in Section II, PROPOSED SYTEM in Section III followed by RESULTS in Section IV and finally Section V concludes the work. II. OVERVIEW OF VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEMS Vehicle Tracking Systems was basically started for shipping industry [5],[13],[14]. When large fleet of vehicles were spread out over the vast expanses of ocean, the owner corporations often found it difficult to keep track of what was happening. They required some sort of system to determine where each vehicle was at any given time and for how long it travelled. The need of vehicle tracking in consumer s vehicle rose to prevent any kind of theft because police can use tracking reports to locate stolen vehicle. Initially vehicle tracking systems developed for fleet management were passive tracking system. In passive tracking system a hardware device installed in the vehicle store GPS location, speed,

2 124 S. Vivek, A. Ramesh and S. Bharathi heading and a trigger event such as key on/off, door open/closed. When vehicle returns to a specific location device is removed and data downloaded to computer. Many vehicle systems that are in use now days are some form of Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) [13], [14]. It is a concept for determining the geographic location of a vehicle and transmitting this information to a remotely located server. The location is determined using GPS and transmission mechanism could be a satellite, terrestrial radio or cellular connection from the vehicle to a radio receiver, satellite or nearby cell tower. After capture, the tracking data can be transmitted using any choice of telemetry or wireless communications systems. GSM is the most common used service for this purpose. Accident Alert System (AAS) [2], [7], [10], [15] is quite a novel research area, on the 15th of January, 2007; the European Commission (EC) proposed an auto crash alert system called the e- call. The e-call system is intended to automatically initiate an emergency call to 112 from the vehicle and transmits satellite positioning data to the operator in case of a road accident. It has been estimated by a new research report from the analyst firm; Berg. Insight that e-call could save thousands of live and that it s long term saving would be in the range of 5-10 billion, whereas the long term cost is projected at 4 billion. Emergency Alert System (EAS) [5],[8],[12] is a novel research and development area even in advanced countries. Some experiences of the development in this interesting life s having research area are illustrated as follows (1) E-OTD uses GPS method with a high accuracy of 5 to 50m but it involves high network investment cost for the operator and also used only outdoor. (2) Trako System from India uses the GPS coupled with geo-referenced GIS (Geographical Information System) maps to communicate realtime information to the control station where the reports can also be viewed through a web interface. (3) VAAL uses the GPS and the GSM or CDMA platform for onward transmission of the pinpointed position to the nearest federal or state rescue agencies. These are the some methods for accident avoidance system which still exist and proposed method will be discussed in further section of this paper. III. PROPOSED SYSTEM The proposed system structure and its operation of each module is shown as follows. The overall system block diagram was shown as Figure 1: Overall Block Diagram (A) Monitoring Wheel The proximity sensor is used in wheels of the automobiles. It continuously monitors the rotation of the wheels by means of its rpm.then the obtained information is further processed by means of ARM processor. Here, LPC2148 processor is used which has an inbuilt analog to digital converter which converts an analog value obtained to digital value and speed is determined based on its output produced. (B) Overspeed Detection This employs speedometer sensor which is used to monitors the rotation of wheel based on its rpm which is fixed constant. When the level of rpm goes beyond the constant level, the sensor sends the information to the processor and then further processed. When over speed condition was detected it first sends the information to the driver so that he can limit his speed and prevent before the accident happens. Even after that the speed continues means the information will be sent to persons whose mobile number was loaded inbuilt in the processor such as parents, relatives, etc. Further, if an accident happens the information

3 Accident Information System using ARM Processor, GPS and GSM Technology 125 will be sent to police, ambulance through GSM technology which has been employed. (C) Temperature Sensor This sensor is employed in the wheels of the automobiles which monitors the changes in the conditions such as over heat, firing conditions, etc. and further processed using LPC2148 and give an alert to the driver for overcoming the situation without any problem happen. Even after that if same situation continuous and accident happens means the information will be given to the police and ambulance using GSM technology. (D) Accelerometer Sensor This type of sensor was employed in the front of the automobiles. It is also known as impact sensor. It has certain fixed threshold value, if the value goes beyond the threshold then its starts vibrating which gives an alert to the main system for its further process. (E) Gyroscope This sensor is fixed at center of the steering wheel which is used to find the rotational motion of the steering. Output from each axis of this sensor is analog voltage which represents the rotation. Steering wheel is monitored in order to find the drivers way of handling. The accident information system which has different modules with its functions was explained. The overall system performs as, when an accident happens it informs about a location as latitude and longitude details by means of GPS and informed via GSM technology to the police, ambulance as messages. If an over speed and temperature variations occurs it first informs the driver to prevent it. This project also stores the details of these different module as temporarily and update for every 5 seconds. The details which stored will have details of past 5 seconds as well as ongoing 5seconds and it then update as every 5 sec. If an accident happen it store the past 10 seconds details which will be helpful to analyses and also sends information about location and some details to the police as well as ambulance, so that they can arrive earlier and save the life. Also it has an additional feature as, when the automobiles goes beyond speed limit through GSM technology an message will be given to the parents, relatives or someone whose number and details have been inbuilt in the processor. This project work was currently undergoing and its software simulation was determined which shows it s further success and followed by the results in next section. IV. RESULTS In hardware implementation, working of different modules was done. The output were obtained as shown in table 1. Table 1 Output Voltage Obtained for of Different Modules Sl. Modules Input Output voltage No. voltage (V) (V) 1. Accelerometer 5 X Y Z Rotation of accelerometer considering X axis Temperature 0.3(28º) 0.5(90 ) sensor 4. Inductive detects proximity obstacle sensor not detected The simulated result was shown as follows. Figure 2: Accelerometer Output Screen Shot

4 126 S. Vivek, A. Ramesh and S. Bharathi brings back their life s. The simulated results are produced, whereas further hardware implementation was undergoing as my future work in my project. Figure 3: Figure 4: Overspeed Detection Screen Shot Temperature Output Screen Shot V. CONCLUSION The most of death which currently happening in this world was mostly by means of an accident. Even though there was many rapid increase in technology, the mortality rate was also increasing which is mainly due to lack of sufficient information given to the police and hospitals immediately after it happens. Considering if the accident happens in the any interior area such as travel in forest area, etc where no one to help and also emergency information cannot be passed to police and hospital which finally leads to death. By considering all these factor, this project was mainly designed for saving the life of the people, by preventing accident without happens by means of earlier information and also for those who met accident by immediately informing the police and ambulance by means of message which has been employed in the automobiles which References [1] Dr. Andre Pittet, Bharath Patil, Radhika Patil, Energy Saving Techniquesfor GPS Based Tracking Applications, Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference, 1-40, [2] Ericsson White Paper, Communication and Information Services for National Security and Public Safety, Ericsson Microwave System AB [Online], Available: International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS, 11(2), [3] Emmanuel Adetiba, Victor Olugberniga Matthews, Vehicle Accident Alert and Locator, International Journal of Electrical & Computer Science, 11(2), 38-44, [4] Chunyan Han, Dong Nie, Xinshusai Che, Xu Bai, An Automobile Emergency Calling System, International Conference on Computer Design and Application, 4, , IEEE [5] P. R. Mukesh, Muruganandham, Real Time Web based Vehicle Tracking using GPS, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 61, 91-99, [6] R. B. Ahmad, H. A. Rahim, U. U. Sheikh, A. S. M. Zain, Implementation and Analysis of Integration GSM/ GPRS modem in a TMS320VC6713 Digital Signal Processor for Vehicle Location, International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering, 1-5, [7] Andreas Hardrup, Jari Vikberg, Martin Backstrom, Peter Ohman and Tomas Nylander, Home- GSM Services over Wireless LAN, Ericsson Review, No. 2, [8] W. Liu, L. Qingling, L. Ting and Z. Wei The Design and Implementation of Vehicle Monitoring and Alarm System, Proceedings of IEEE Intelligent Transportation System, [9] K. V. Kalligudd, K. Shiraram, Development and Demonstration of a GPS/GSM Based Affordable Fleet Management System for Indian Roadways [Online], Available: liu.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:22123/ FULLTEXT01.pdf [10] CGALIES, Report on Implementation Issues Related to Access to Location Information by Emergency Services (E112) in the European Union, CGALIES, Final Report. [11] Ahmad J, Location Based Services are here; Are You Ready for it?, GIS Development, 8(2), [12] Z. K. Shi, M. Xu and P. C. Zhang, Design and Implementation of Vehicle Monitoring System based on GPRS, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics,

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