Road lighting in the light of the future Wout van Bommel CIE Board IDA Board Fudan University, Shanghai
Background for future guidelines Why Road Lighting? Quality and Quantity of light, Where light, When light?
Why Road Lighting? traffic safety traffic flow personal security and orientation identity and prestige
Why: Road Safety Visibility of objects source: Philips, 1955
Luminance concept
Own car lighting visibility of objects
AFS: Adaptive Front lighting System visibility of objects conventional beam dipped beam motorway beam town beam wet weather beam oncoming traffic beam dynamic turning beam dynamic in-turning beam source: Audi, Nissan, Hella, Philips
IR night vision assistance source: Mercedes
Why: Neurological aspects source: Alain Muzet, 2003
Neurological aspects micro sleep Cumulative Minutes 10 6 min 12 5 0 no rest before drive Motorway Brussels-Lyon: 440 km source: Régis Mollard, 2003
Why: Traffic flow
Why: Personal security recognition of faces source: van Bommel, Caminada, 1980
Why Road Lighting? Move from: motorized traffic safety towards traffic guidance and traffic flow personal security and orientation identity and prestige
Quality and Quantity Visual ergonomy 30 % cleaner source: Sphinks source: Vos, Padmos, 1979
Visual ergonomy: more light or.??
Visual ergonomy: more light or.?? Alert Zebra (Pilot Rotterdam) source: Anke Padmos, 2008
Quality and Quantity traffic flow time to detect source: Fisher, Hall, 1986
Quality and Quantity 10 traffic flow t (sec) 5 0,1 m/sec 2 2 3,25 m/sec 2 1 0,1 1 10 L av (cd/m 2 ) source: Fisher, Hall, 1986
Personal security feeling of security at a parking area Day/night ratio 6 Albany, USA 4 2 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 E av, hor (lux) source: Boyce, 2000
Quality and Quantity recognition of faces source: van Bommel, Caminada, 1980
Quality and Quantity recognition of faces 15 d face (m) 10 4 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 E ½cyl (lux) source: van Bommel, Caminada 1980
Colour of light White light and colour rendering
Colour rendering and recognition of faces 15 d face (m) van Bommel: white R a =40 10 5 0 Raynham: yellow R a =25 0 1 2 3 4 E ½cyl (lux) source: Raynham, 2003
Cones and rods On-line vision Off-line vision (periphere) Rods Fovea retina Cones
Quantity and Quality Colour of light Beek Geleen Netherlands
Colour of light and efficiency 1.0 0.5 0 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 Cones source: CIE Brainard
Cones and rods On-line vision Off-line vision (periphere) Rods Fovea retina Cones
Colour of light and efficiency 1.0 0.5 0 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 Rods periphere Cones central Blue and Blue green: + Yellow better = white peripheral vision source: CIE Brainard
Where light E ½ sphere
residential street lighting luminaire
Where light
Light pollution % of luminaire output above horizon Sky glow Light on facades and people E vert and I Limits: CIE Publication
When light Intelligent, Only when dynamic needed lighting! OLC OLC SEGMENT KAST MAINS OLC
CIE draft Publication 115: Road Lighting: weighting factors Parameter Speed Traffic volume Traffic composition Parked vehicles Ambient luminance Options Weighting Factor WF Low 1 Very low (walking speed) 0 Very high 1 High 0.5 Moderate 0 Low -0.5 Very low -1 1 Pedestrians, cyclists and motorized traffic Pedestrians and motorized traffic 0.5 Pedestrians and cyclists only 0.5 Pedestrians only 0 Cyclists only 0 Present 0.5 Not present 0 Very high 1 High 0.5 Moderate 0 Low -0.5 Very low -1 in Europe: Intelligent lighting according CIE 115: - 7 Power stations* * of 2 TWh/yr
Thank you for your attention source: city.people.light
Thank you for your attention Wout van Bommel Lighting Consultant www.woutvanbommel.eu