Sourcebook for Training in Clinical Psychology

Sourcebook for Training in Clinical Psychology

Contributors: ELTON AsH HAROLD BASOWITZ LEONARD BLANK HENRY P. DAVID GORDON F. DERNER ARTHUR KOVACS LUCIANO L' ABATE MARTIN MAYMAN CECIL P. PECK LESLIE PmLLIPs KARL E. POTTHARST WILLIAM ScHOFIELD JOSEPH C. SPEISMAN GEORGE J. WISCHNER

SOURCEBOOK for TRAINING in CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY edited by LEONARD BLANK, PH.D. Director of Psychology Training New Jersey Neuro-Psychiatric Institute Department of Institutions and Agencies Princeton, New Jersey HENRY P. DAVID, PH.D. Associate Director World Federation for Mental Health Geneva, Switzerland ~ Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Springer Science+Business Media New York 1964 Originally published by Springer Publishing Company, Inc. in 1964 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1964 ISBN 978-3-662-39417-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-40480-5 ISBN 978-3-662-40480-5 (ebook) ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 64-18910 Type set at The Polyglot Press, New York

Contributors DR. ELTON AsH Chief Consulting Psychologist Department of Medicine and Surgery Veterans Administration Washington, D.C. DR. HAROLD BASOWITZ Psychologist, Training Branch National Institute of Mental Health Bethesda, Maryland DR. LEONARD BLANK Director of Psychology Training New Jersey Neuro-Psychiatric Institute Princeton, New Jersey DR. HENRY P. DAVID Associate Director World Federation for Mental Health Geneva, Switzerland DR. GORDON F. DERNER Director, Clinical Psychology Training Program Adelphi University Garden City, L.I., New York DR. ARTHUR KOVACS Clinical Psychologist Western Psychological Center Encino, California DR. LUCIANO L'ABATE Associate Professor and Chief Psychologist Children's Clinic, Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Emory University Atlanta, Georgia DR. MARTIN MAYMAN Director, Psychology Training Menninger Foundation Topeka, Kansas DR. CECIL p. PECK Chief, Psychology Division Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology Service Department of Medicine and Surgery Veterans Administration Washington, D.C. DR. LESLIE PHILLIPS Director, Psychology Department Worcester, State Hospital Worcester Massachusetts DR. KARL E. POTTHARST Co-Director Western Psychological Center Encino, California DR. WILLIAM SCHOFIELD Professor of Psychology University of Minnesota Mayo Medical Center Minneapolis, Minnesota DR. JOSEPH c. SPEISMAN Training Specialist in Psychology Training Branch National Institute of Mental Health Bethesda, Maryland DR. GEORGE J. WISCHNER Chairman, Departmental Committee on Clinical Training Psychology Department University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania v

Preface Fostered by massive governmental support, clinical psychology in the United States mushroomed in the years following World War II when social demands for mental health services outdistanced all available resources. In the nearly two decades since, much time and energy have been devoted to spirited discussions of persistent problems in clinical training. It is the purpose of this sourcebook to review past recommendations, consider current programs and issues, and suggest implications for future modifications and innovations. Years of experimentation with the Shakow Report and with the Boulder Conference recommendations for graduate training in clinical psychology were followed by reconsideration at Miami. The shortage of mental health workers, underscored in the Report of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health, stimulated more discussion and meetings, including the 1962 Princeton Conference on Manpower and Psychology Training. For those who train clinical psychologists, for those who develop professional services, and for the training aspirant himself, this book offers a summary of evolving trends in clinical psychology training since World War II. The text is divided into three parts. Part One begins with a distillation of the salient features from the Shakow Report and the Boulder, Stanford, Miami, and Princeton Conferences,* focussing on curriculum structure, practicum and field experience, and related issues. This is followed by a review of the growth of training resources from 1945-1962, supported by the United States Public Health Service and the Veterans Administration. The first part concludes with a survey of the development and impact of professional evaluation and social control, the function of the American Board of Examiners in Professional Psychology, and state certification and licensing. Part Two discusses issues. University clinical psychology programs, ranging from tradi- * Dealing specifically with training in clinical psychology, the book does not directly refer to such specialty conferences as the Northwestern Conference on the training of counseling psychologists in 1951, the Thayer Conference on school psychology in 1954, and the Estes Conference on research in 1958. vi

PREFACE tional research-oriented training to a practitioner orientation, are noted. In this section, postdoctoral training and specialization in psychotherapy, psychodiagnosis, and research are considered. Part Three presents resources, commentaries, and conclusions. Training in a state system and training abroad are reviewed. Feedback after years of clinical practice is presented by graduates of an accredited program. Referent points for the reader, as they have been for the contributors, are these general issues: vast social demand and more encompassing roles for clinical psychologists; training within a tradition of dual scientific and professional orientation. Specific issues, considered wherever applicable, are: curriculum structure; sub- and postdoctoral programs; practicum and field training; specialization; quality of professional services in universities, agencies, and private practice. Clinical psychology is faced with an identity crisis. In posing our questions, we are asking whether and how psychologists will respond to the opportunities of our time. The editors wish to extend their appreciation to the following agencies that have been helpful in the preparation of this manuscript: the United States Public Health Service, the Veterans Administration, New Jersey Department of Institutions and Agencies, the New Jersey Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, and the World Federation for Mental Health. The American Psychological Association has been unstinting in its generous supply of pertinent training data and permission to quote from articles published in AP A publications. The participants and sponsors of the conferences at Boulder, Stanford, Miami, and particularly Princeton (where the idea for this book germinated) are owed a debt of gratitude. Virginia Erdman and Dr. Cyril M. Franks spent many hours in critical review of drafts of the manuscript. vii LEONARD BLANK Princeton, New Jersey HENRY P. DAVID Geneva, Switzerland The following abbreviations are used in the book: ABEPP APA CTCP ETB NIMH US PHS VA American Board of Examiners in Professional Psychology American Psychological Association Committee on Training in Clinical Psychology Education and Training Board National Institute for Mental Health United States Public Health Service Veterans Administration

Contents Part One: Overviews 1 Clinical Psychology Training, 1945-1962: Conferences and Issues Leonard Blank Conferences A. The Shakow ReJ?Ort B. The Boulder Conference C. The Stanford Conference D. The Miami Conference E. The Princeton Conference Major Training Issues I. Undergraduate Program II. Graduate Program III. Field Training IV. Subdoctoral Training V. Specialization in Training VI. Training for Psychotherapy VII. Training for Research VIII. Staff Training IX. Relations with Other Professions X. Selection of Students XI. Accreditation and Licensing 2 Program Support for Training by the National Institute of Mental Health: 194 7-1963 2 2 3 5 6 8 10 17 26 28 30 32 Harold Basowitz and Joseph C. Speisman............. 43 3 Training in the Veterans Administration Cecil P. Peck and Elton Ash...... 61 Supplement: An Example of Training in the Armed Services James L. Hedlund.............. 82 4 Standards for Clinical Psychology: Origins and Evaluation William Schofield............... 86 Part Two: Issues viii 5 Clinical Psychology Training in the University George J. Wischner............. 115 35 36 37 40 1

CONTENTS ix 6 Postdoctoral Professional Training: How and Why? Martin Mayman................ 140 7 Specialized Training and Innova~ions in Psychodiagnosis Conventional Training Considerations Leonard Blank................ 15 2 Innovations for Training 8 Training for Psychotherapy Luciano L'Abate............... 157 Gordon F. Derner.............. 17 5 9 Specialized Training for Research Leslie Phillips................. 185 Part Three: Resources and Commentaries 10 Training Within a State Program 11 Graduate Training Abroad Leonard Blank and Henry P. David................ 205 Henry P. David... 219 12 The Crisis in Training Viewed by Clinical Alumni 13 Conclusions and Implications Part Four: Resource References Karl E. Pottharst and Arthur Kovacs................. 278 Leonard Blank and Henry P. David................ 301 Bibliography on Clinical Training, 1955-1963 Martin Mayman................ 311 Appendixes A Criteria for Evaluating Training Programs in Clinical or in Counseling Psychology................ 322 B APA Approved Doctoral Programs in Clinical and in Counseling Psychology, 1963............. 325 C Internships for Doctoral Training in Clinical Psychology Approved by the APA............ 328 Index...................................... 333