Leadership Development: A Coaching Approach to Growing Sustainable Leadership Capabilities

Transcription

1 IJCO Iu ISSUE h Inrnnl Jurnl f Chng n Orgnzn Ldrh Dvln: A Chng Arh Grwng Sunbl Ldrh Cbl Exuv ldr hng h grwn n ulry nd ln vr h vrl dd. h rn fr h xnn f ldrh hng r ny. h k f bng n xuv h rgubly b uh r dfful nd xnv. Mr ldr nw runly dl wh gnfn bguy, druv hng nd rur rfr n n nrngly glbl nd dvr nx. hy r kd b bh rg dn kr nd r f h f kll rqurd ffvly ng l. A h, du h nd gnud f hng nd h drun whn rgnzn hlv, h rlnh h n ur rnl dvln nd lrnng, n blu rqurn fr ffv ldrh, r fn lkng. In h brh h d, ng hr rfnl, h xuv ldr h wh kd wh hlng gud ldr nd ngr wrd brn. Brry Shlr, Drk Snbrnnr, Elln Ku nd J Hun, h Chng I Sudy: Murng h Vlu f Exuv Ldr Chng,. 5 4 Fr h Dk f h C-Edr

2 2 IJCO Iu IJCO ISSUE Furd Arl Rgulr Arl 8 27 h Chng I Sudy: Murng h Vlu f Exuv Ldr Chng Brry Shlr, Drk Snbrnnr, Elln Ku nd J Hun Chng nd Ldrh In h Sx Culur f Cnrry Orgnzn Wll Brgqu nd Vkk Brk Mung: Dur fr Dyn Enggn Mk Jy h Chng Mrkl h Chng Clndr 40 Ingrl Inllgn : Unlhng Pnl n Ldr nd Orgnzn Dnn Snh, P Wgr nd Dbb R 52 kng h Ld: Effvn f Mdulr Chng Prgr fr rnfrnl Ldrh Dvln Ndjhd Hbnr nd Krn Hnzdrf 64 Alyng Adlrn hry nd Pyhlgl Rrh: Ingry-Bd Ldrh Chng Swr Br nd Dnl Ekn 78 An Iu f ru n Exuv Chng: A Cr Culurl Cnvrn Mryl Mrz nd Klu Zunk

3 3 IJCO Iu Inrnnl Jurnl f Chng n Orgnzn Edrl Gru Wll Brgqu, C-Ownr nd C-Exuv Edr Jhn Lzr, C-Ownr nd C-Exuv Edr P Erk, Mngng Edr Dnld R. rl, Cnur Pr, In., Prnr Advrng nd Sl Off IJCO / Prfnl Chng Publn In Rndlh S. Fr Prk, IL USA Phn (708) Fx (708) h Inrnnl Jurnl f Chng n Orgnzn (IJCO) (ISSN ) ublhd qurrly by Prfnl Chng Publn In., 7309 Rndlh S., Fr Prk, IL USA Cyrgh 2006, Prfnl Chng Publn In. All rgh rrvd wrldwd. Prdl g d Srn, CA, nd ddnl lng ff. Subrn: On yr ubrn r $US80. Fr dlvry Cnd, dd $US10; fr dlvry ud Nrh Ar, dd $US20. Fr r nfrn bu ubrn nd nrh, v h IJCO wb, r ll P Erk, Mngng Edr, Subrbr: k ddr hng, hr l n h IJCO wb, r l P Erk, Mngng h Inrnnl Jurnl f Chng n Orgnzn rfnl jurnl, ublhd qurrly rvd rfln nd rl nly f hng n rgnzn. h jurnl ffr rrh nd xrnl lrnng fr xrnd rnr rrnng vru hng hl nd hdlg.

4 4 IJCO Iu f h C-Edr Wll Brgqu nd Jnnn Sndr A rn rnn n f u [Jnnn] kd hr llgu dfn ldrh... h hr w d bn ung fr hur n h n wh n unkn llun h w ll knw wh w wr lkng bu. Yu d hv hugh n f h Blu Angl j [fr h fu Arn rb j fghr qudrn] hd ju dn n unnnund flyvr f lkd fly n. h r wn lly ln. Sunnd. Slwly, hr wr d n h r. hn fr nd fr, unl hr w vrul hny f d, dfnn, dffrng nn, lr h, nd frh fr vryn xn. Surrngly, fr nd rfnl n h r, hd bn yr n hy d kn rfully xn hr dfnn f ldrh nd dnfy h nru n whh hy rh ny ldrh dvln gnn. On u [Jnnn] wh hr rnr, L Sh ChWrk Inrnnl In. ( h bn grlng wh h lxy n 1998 whn hy bgn dfy hr ldrh dvln hng r. h w dn h rqu f ln n h wnd rl h rgr d by Chwrk whn Jnnn nd L wr n n-. Jnnn nd L ulz y rh h nrrldn f rgnznl ulur, lvl f ury (xrn) f h ldr, kll nd n f h ndvdul nd FROM HE DESKS

5 5 IJCO Iu hr dr rr, hr f nflun nd hw h lhd, vn nd/r gl f h ny. Wh hr llgu ChWrk, Jnnn nd L dfd l ldrh dvln lfr fund h unquly frld nd rnfrd h rrh, dl, ln nd n f h uhr nd h rl bng rnd n h u f IJCO. A -dr f h u, w wr ruk by hw h uhr k bu h lxy f hr ubj r. Ldrh by n n l, rgh ln u-nd-ff rlnh. I h vry hllng h ffrd h dln f xuv ldr hng nd h rnr f xuv ldr hng uh unqu runy dnfy nd dfn h rh, r, l nd vlun hdlg whh ufully grw ldr wrd hr b unbl. W nrly hllng yu ulz h u b fr rvw f yur rnl n f ldrh: Hw d yu dfn ldrh? Hw d yu knw whn yu /dn? Wh f nru/dl d yu u yur b lfr fr whh h r l h? Whn d yu h fundnl ldrh dnn f yur ln dn hv lr rnl n? Or f yu r hng ln, whn d yu rqu yur h rvd fundnl ldrh dnn? And, hw d yu, h, hl yur ln vly ly hr nw knwldg/ kll whn n n lbrry h hr lrnng n b ngrd rl? Or f yu r hng ln, hw d yu k u f h rv bng rvdd by yur h vly ly nw knwldg/kll yu hv qurd whn n n lbrry h yur lrnng n b ngrd rl? Ch r ldr nd fn hv h lr dl f wh bl whn grwng hr rdnly hrugh h lngug f ldrh w h n ur wrk. Eh f h rl n h u rn ull rv n h dln f hng ldr fr wy fr h rung rlnh rqurd fr rnfrnl wrk fllw-hrugh hng rg fr ngrd ln nd unbly f h ln lrnng. Rul f uh ffr r dund by rrh lkng dnfy h rurn-n-nvn (ROI) f h ln nd h nvn n hr nggn. Whl ulurl nx nd dl fr rnfrnl hng r rnd n f h rl rnd n h u f IJCO, h nl rl nrn n vn r fundnl qun n h fld f xuv ldrh hng: wh dffrn d k? Shlr, Snbrnnr, Ku nd Hun rr rul fr jr rrh rj nrnd wh h f ldrh hng nrvnn. h uhr f h ull ny hng udy drb wy n whh hy ur h vlu f xuv hng. Whl h d f hng nnu b vwd wh k n h rr uny, h uhr hw hw ur h f xuv ldrh hng nd ugg hw h y f urn n b f gr vlu n ddrng h k. Our uhr uln hr ffr dvl nngful hdlgy fr h udy f rurn n nvn (ROI), rnng n vrvw f hr rnl, drn f hdlgy, nd f h rul fr hr udy d. g f A W h y O b C g E f b W d f w g d

6 6 IJCO Iu In ur nd rl, Brgqu nd Brk uln x dn rgnznl ulur, h f whh n hw h h h ldr n n rgnzn. A n hrd hrughu h ulur hw nxy (nrl nd llv rn r) nnd nd ldrh drn nd rgnznl hng. Brgqu nd Brk hllng h b nu nd nnnl n kng n un h ulurl fr hy dgn h unqu hng rlnh. Snh, Wgr nd R rn r dyn f hng rgnznl ln x h fl hng n bh h ndvdul h nd h h ndvdul h whn h rgnzn. Ofn h y lk h ln h Wy-f-Dng hng dffrnly wll rdu xd rul. Bd n hr rrh nd uful ln f hr Ingrl Inllgn Mdl, h uhr f h rl dlr h fung n h ldr Wy-f-Bng h ru lvr fr unbl rnfrn n ldrh dvln. Hbnr nd Hnzdrf rn hry nd rul f hr LdrhCrl (LC) hng rgr ung w l gru f 16 ldr h. LC k bh ndvdul nd gru rh xzng lrnng nd ulng rnfrn n ldr. h rgr dgnd nn gnv lrnng d nugh lvl rdu brvbl hf nd urbl rul n vn ldrh kll. Ou fr h l rj rngly nurg dulr rh hng nv whh llw h h xu fy n hng nd rng hr dvlnl nn. Wh h rl rrd by Br nd Ekn, w n nw IJCO r. h r nrn wy n whh hry nd rrh rgrdng rgnznl hng n b rnld n f hng r. Whl IJCO rl rd whr bwn hry/rrh nd r fung n h rg f rgnznl hng rl r l ndd h hw hw hry nd rrh n b drly ld h l lvl f rgnznl hng. Br nd Ekn flly dfn nd llur h rl f ngry n bun-rnd ln rlnh, wll n h r f hng ndvdul nd gru n rgnzn. Ingry-Bd Ldrh Chng (IBLC) nvlv h u f rdl nqury-bd rh hng nrvnn. hr dvlnl hng r r dud n, dgn nd hng nrvnn. h r r undrnnd by hry nd rrh. IBLC nndd b wrful l h n b ud nrnlly dnru dngry nd rnru r wrng nqury-bd ngry. h u f IJCO l nlud h furh n r f nrvw bwn xrnd rgnznl h. In h furh Chng Dlgu, w nrlvl h, Mrz nd Zunk, nvr bu h u f ru n xuv hng. N nly d hy hv dnn lghly dffrn fr h hr, hy l brng Nrh Ar nd Eurn ulurl bkgrund h nvrn. Bh h rgnz h blu rqurn f ru n h xuv hng rlnh nd dfn hw hy knw h ru x nd whn d n. hy dnfy h n n rgnznl hng whn h u ull bk f lk f ru h llwd rnfr f wr h h. hy l ugg wy n whh h n dl rr u f ru nd rnbly n h hng rlnh. Iln n ull h nggn f hd ru nd rnbly rh ng h h r furhr dud. Fnlly, n h rgulr y (lld Mung ), Mk Jy dgr fr h dlrd

7 7 IJCO Iu ubj fr h u n rdr lk bu SAGE Ldrh lf-uhrng (Kgn lvl 4) ldr. Mk unk h dl nd ( uul) ffr n, hy n ur h ldng dg hnkng. Mk, vry rrly, hllng h f u ldr nd h f ldr vlu ur wn SAGEn nd h f ur rn n nururng h dln f rgnznl hng. C. Jnnn Sndr, Ed.D. Wll Brgqu, Ph.D. C-Edr g C W C Indvdul IJCO Snr Phyll Cgn, Brl, Illn USA hyll@xl. Jnn Gry Crr, Mh, nn USA jrr@rk. Ing E, Sn Mn, Clfrn USA ng@ng. Ll Hln, Lnghl, Auklnd Nw Zlnd llh@rrlfh. Sv Hklr, L Angl, Clfrn USA v@vhklr. Dnn Krln, Ow, Onr Cnd dnnkrln@brrv. Dvd Lrnr, Chg, Illn USA dlrnr@hun-nnvn. Chrn MDugll, Surfr Prd, Qunlnd Aurl [email protected] Dnl MNll, Pwy, Clfrn USA dnnll@nllgru. Mryl Mrz, ukh, Nw Yrk USA ryl@rylrzrur. Mrku M, Jhnnburg, Gung Rubl f Suh Afr [email protected] Agn Mur, Sn Mn, Clfrn USA gn@gnur. Irvn Pnn, Nrr, Grg USA nn@jd-rnr. Suz Prnz, Grnwn, Mrylnd USA [email protected] Murn Rbn, Sn Grn Frn rbn@l. Mr Rynld, Phnx, Arzn USA r@vnng. Al Rnglb, Al, Ily rnglb@b. Phl Rnk, Rhd-S.-Gn, Blgu hl@hlrnk. L Sln, Whngn, D.C. USA [email protected] Jnnn Sndr, Dll, x USA jndr@hwrk. Brnd Sh, Pburgh, Pnnylvn USA [email protected] Mrk Sry, Clubu, Oh USA rk@hdndhr. Mrg Surl Hlr, Hrrn, Uh USA [email protected] Jn O. Wrgh, Chrl, Nrh Crln USA jn@ullvnwrgh. P J I L S D D C D M M A I S M M A P L J B M M J

8 8 IJCO Iu h Chng I Sudy: Murng h Vlu f Exuv Chng Brry Shlr, Drk Snbrnnr, Elln Ku nd J Hun Whn h f h rurn n nvn ( ROI ) f hng u ng hng rfnl, hr fn k bu ul ufuln. h y b rd n h nn, hld by, h nlly bl urly ur ROI. h r rr n ur ffr dvl nngful hdlgy fr h udy f rurn n nvn brdly nrud, f xuv hng. W wll rn brf vrvw f h rnl fr nnud ffr gr wh h ROI hllng fllwd by drn f h hdlgy dvld by h rrh nd f h rul fr h udy d. Our gl h bn r n rh h wll hl rgnzn nhn nfrd dn-kng rgrdng hw nv n xuv ldrh hng, wll hr nfrn bu h nd vlu f ldrh hng wh h lrgr ldrh dvln un. HE CONEX FOR MEASURING IMPAC A w knw, xuv ldrh hng h grwn n ulry nd ln vr h vrl dd. h rn fr h xnn f ldrh hng r ny. h k f bng n xuv h rgubly b uh r dfful nd xnv. Mr ldr nw runly dl wh gnfn bguy, druv hng nd rur rfr n n nrngly glbl nd dvr nx. hy r kd b bh rg dn kr nd r f h f kll rqurd ffvly ng l. A h, du h nd gnud f hng nd h drun whn rgnzn hlv, h rlnh h n ur rnl dvln nd lrnng, n blu rqurn fr ffv ldrh, r fn lkng. In h brh h d, ng hr rfnl, h xuv h wh kd wh hlng gud ldr nd ngr wrd brn. HE CONEX FOR ASSESSING VALUE WHY YOU SHOULD CARE W l knw, hwvr, h hng n rgnzn h dnrd lf yl ff (Hun nd Wnrub, 2006). Chng h ugh n, rd hrughu h rgnzn nd hn bn ld bk r vn brugh n bru hl. h uul rnl fr ndng hng n n rgnzn h d wh h n, n h r f ky rgnznl dn kr, h h hng n nnd h nd f h bun. Y, w hlful ndvdul, bu dd hl h bun? Hw n knw vlu fr h rv? h xnn f wrhn k l whn h lrgr nx f h hngng f f hun rur ngn nd rgy. Hun l, h d h l rrn r hn ngbl nd r n f rgnznl nvr n knwldg ny, rhr hn rgnznl (Dvnr, 1999), h bgun hng h wy w hnk bu uh qun uh dd hng hl h bun? h qun nfrnng hun rur ngn whhr r n n v fr bng funn h rvd n hv f rgr dn n h hl rgnznl ldr gn h fr hr nd hr l-rld nvn (Budru & Rd, 2005). Dn, gd n, rqur bly nd ur rlvn vrbl (ng hr hng, f ur). On uld rgu h h n f nrvnn, fr W u n R f b l w

9 9 IJCO Iu bun rv, hu n f h n rqurn f dn n f hun rur ngn. In gnrl, xr hng r b uful l r lrnng nd dvln, nd y,, hlng g ldr bk n uful rk (-lld fx- hng). Alhugh xuv hng h, fr h r, bn vry rly rrhd d, brv rnr nd rrhr hv dund uh u. S Wylyhyn, Grnky & H (2006), Ornn (2006), Fllry-rv & Ln (2006), Shr, Lndn, Flu, Vrg & Kun (2003) nd Hll, Oz & Hllnbk (1999) fr xl. h uhr drb r rvw vry f ud ndng h ffvly ndud xuv ldrh hng nggn rul n bh ln fn nd rnl lrnng nludng hng n ldrh bhvr. Hwvr, uh ud hv fud n h ndvdul lvl f nly. Y, hng hl ndvdul, bu d hl h bun? h f h w r bl dun h hng n r ndvdul lrnng d n hl l k dn bu whhr r n, r hw, nu hng n hr rgnzn. I wh lrnd n hng ruly rlvn h rgnzn n? D hl h rgnzn nugh wrrn h d wh h nvn? h lr qun hl u undrnd h nlly hrd nn h vryn huld hv hr wn h. Prh h uld b rgud. Hwvr, rllly, n vryn gng g n. Ldr ylly hnk bu, y f nd drd whn kng dn. hy uully u k n wh rgrd whh nrvnn wll lkly r h vlu fr h rgnzn nd fr ky khldr nvlvd wh h rgnzn, uh nvr nd ur. Mur f rurn n nvn hn b rlvn kng dn bu h dlyn f ldrh hng. Hwvr, n h fr h dun rurn n b dfnd n ull wy, n y f nvn. Mur f rurn n b urly n n: W n X-dllr nd hv rvd X+Y dllr vlu rul f hng. If w n dun h nur u h flw fr hng nggn, w n nwr h qun. Hwvr, uh n u ur n lwy rqurd. L u h n rgnzn h vry rbu ldrh ny dl n l uh h hy knw h rn bhvr r n wll ld drd bun u. If n b dund h hng h ruld n h dvln f uh n, lr qun n b d rgrdng nvn nd bun rul. Suh nn-fnnl rul fr xuv hng, fr xl h nvlvng ldr bhvr hng, r r ur (Fllry-rv & Ln, 2006). Bynd h rv, hwvr, w hv fund n rgnzn, rulrly h h r n drvn r r rvly hld, ur f rurn bd lly n n y rrlvn. In uh nn, y b uh r rlvn hnk bu hng rglly rhr hn lly, rlng rgnznl-wd hng bun n nd rgy ( Ku, 2002). h hlh-r rgnzn, fr nn, y l quly f n r bv ll, bd n hr d n. Dun h k f bng n xuv h rgubly b uh r dfful. Mr ldr nw runly dl wh gnfn bguy, druv hng nd rur rfr n n nrngly glbl nd dvr nx. Hun l, h d h l rrn r hn ngbl nd r n f rgnznl nvr n knwldg ny, rhr hn rgnznl h bgun hng h wy w hnk bu uh qun uh dd hng hl h bun? b h I S ( F l d P M r d fl b L f b r

10 10 IJCO Iu f rurn u n r f ny y rrlvn nd vn nrr. Vlu n h y f h bhldr. Dn kr lk fr vlu rn, hr lly r xlly, whn ddng wh d bu ldrh hng. In, hy dn ju lk hugh, f ur, hr r lwy xn. W wuld ugg, hwvr, h hy r lkly fu rly n whn hy d n hv lr undrndng nd fr-hnd xrn f h vlu h hng, f rrly xud nd dlyd, n r n r f whvr u r f rn n hr rgnzn. In h bn f brdr dun f rurn nd vlu rn h r urbl, rdnl luln f ROI ylly g ndrbl nd grwng nn. Inrngly, uh (.g., Andrn, 2003,. 181) ylly ugg r f rurn h y rhr nrdbl,.g., n h rdr f vrl hundrd rn! Hw d h hn? I bu bu n lrg ur h hng rgr nvlvd rfully hn ndvdul wh, wh h d f hng, wr gvn h runy hv gnfn h w f f vlu hr rgnzn. h y l b ndvdul wh, by h nur f hr rl, nflun lrgr fnnl r bgn wh nd, n rn hr h, drrnly b ROI rul. ROI n rly l dgr, n rgnzn-f r. h ugg gn h rn f rlng ROI r wh vlud whn rulr rgnzn. h rv, f ur, lgnd wh h rnd wrd vwng xuv hng rvng rg rhr hn rdl rl. I nry... rvd urn hdlg h ddr bh h fnnl nd nn-fnnl rul f xuv ldr hng h wll b f rn rulr rgnzn. rhr hn rn f rgnzn. An rgnznl vw f xuv hng h k brdr rv wrd n xnn f vlu rn wll lkly ndr h fllwng rgnznl u nd nd: h n (.., bhvr nd bl) rqurd f ldr nd hr nl h f h rgnzn xu bun rgy, nd n rulr h n rqurd fr gnfn n bun rul, hr nd/r lng r. h ndvdul ldr wh nd h n h. Hw xr hng n hl buld h rl n n h rulr gru f l wh r lkly b bl hv rl n bun rul. In u, nry, n ur vw, rvd urn hdlg h ddr bh h fnnl nd nn-fnnl rul f xuv hng h wll b f rn rulr rgnzn. I w h rv h drv h dgn f ur rrh nv nd h dvln f h urvy l b dud blw. I l HISORY, OBJECIVES AND ASSUMPIONS OF HE COACHING IM- PAC SUDY Drn f h Sudy Bgnnng n Dbr 2004, Cbr Cnulng lunhd n ngng udy f h f xuv ldrh hng n lrg rgnzn. h fur uhr rvd rnl nvgr n h ffr, rng uldlnry rnrh fr h r f hng, nulng nd d. h udy w dgnd ulz 1 2 hdlgy ( bfr nd fr ) h nl nd rlzd f hng fr h rv f ull khldr. W hv ndvrd undrnd h rn f

11 11 IJCO Iu nl nd rlzd gn fr hng fr h rgnzn rv rhr hn ur wn. h udy nrun n nln urvy h n b ulnd by fllw-u nrvw. Ch, h, ngr/nr nd, whn rr, hr khldr r urvyd n h rng rgnzn. Inl fndng fr h udy hv bn rnd h nnul nvnn f h Sy fr Indurl nd Orgnznl Pyhlgy (Ku, Shlr, Hun, Gnry & Snbrnnr, 2005) wll h Cnfrn Brd Exuv Chng Cnfrn (Hun, Srn, Mkln & Snbrnnr, 2006). A xlfd by h rl, w r nw vng wrd wrn dlg wh h hng uny. h udy dgnd uh h, n ddn rvdng rng rgnzn wh vlubl ngh n h f hr hng vy, h ggrgd fndng wll k vlbl h xndd hng uny bh rvdr nd nur r rfnd nfrn bu h brdr f ldrh hng hn urrnly vlbl n h xng lrur. Rrh Objv Whn nd Ar Orgnzn I w ur gl r rrh hdlgy h wuld b bh uful nd llurv. Our dr b uful drw ur nn gnfn qun h rdly nfrnd u whn nggd n nulng r rrh rj rld hng v. Orgnzn hv lng l f u h hy f nd wful lk f d r hry gud h. ROI ud r nhrnly fr f n rrh hy rqur rnrh wh rrh ubj, n h fr, whh vd by hr wn nr r. A dud n h rvu n, vlu n h y f h bhldr nd nngn n r n h un f h bhldr. hu w ndd hdlgy h r gd dl f fr-f knwldg. Snd, hwvr, w hd rh h hllng fr rv h wuld rvl wll r rgnzn nd hu buld ngh vlubl h fld. Our rrh bjv, hn, wr fllw. W hd : 1. Sylly gn ngh rgrdng whh bl/bhvr r fud n n hng whn nd r rgnzn. 2. Idnfy ndvdul ldr dvln wll bun u hugh hv bn rvd rul f hng. 3. Exlr rn f h qulv nd qunv vlu, nd fn f xuv hng nggn. 4. U -ffn, n d lln y h wuld b ur frndly. 5. Avd wh w r, fr nw, rgrdng qun h r bynd h f urrn rrh ddr, uh whh hng hd wrk b. Rrh Aun Exlrry rrh (uh h udy rrn) rqur rful xnn f h undrlyng un f h rrhr nd h hdlg h rg fr h ffr. In ur, w hld h fllwng fur wrkng un bd n fld xrn nd ur rvw f h lrur rnd bv: 1. hr r d wh hng (nd fr n hng, fr h r). 2. Chng uully rul n h rn f vlu. I w ur gl r rrh hdlgy h wuld b bh uful nd llurv.. Our dr b uful drw ur nn gnfn qun h rdly nfrnd u whn nggd n nulng r rrh rj rld hng v. r f I S f g l R I r f d z w 1 2 h 3 v g 4 w 5 R E q w 1 2

12 12 IJCO Iu Ang h f hng n b dfful bu n bl. 4. h vlun n b rd h ROI f vru y. Aun 1: hr r d wh hng (nd wh n hng, fr h r). h f hng y nlud dllr uly h, rvl xn, n by ll f h khldr (.g., h, h, ngr/nr, HR rfnl), dnrv ur, rl, rnng, h v uggd fr h h (.g., hwrk, rdng, wrkh, ff-), ghrng f h h,. Aun 2: Chng uully rul n h rn f vlu. Wh hn rul f hng? And hw gh w undrnd h vlu ( ) f wh hn fr xuv ldr hng? Gvn h rgnzn nd rgnznl khldr hng hv vry f rv rgrdng h nur f vlu rd fr hng, ull n f vlu r lkly b r rr hn ngl ur. Hwvr, h hr vlu n h y f h bhldr d n g u vry fr. A r frl dlnn f ur un rgrdng h knd f vlu h r rd hrugh hng fllw: 1. Orng Fnnl Rul: h fnnl rul y b xrd, n vrvw, vng nd rvnu. N h fr rulr nrvnn hr n b dnn bwn rvd fnnl rul bd n nn nd ul fnnl rul (.g., gu bu vng v. ul vng). 2. Bun Rul: Bun rul wuld nlud u rld hrhldr vlu, rgnznl grwh, rk hr, rfbly (bvuly rld #1, bv), rdu r rv dvln, ur fn nd ndury ldrh. 3. Srg Rul: h rg vlu h rgnzn nd ubun rfr fr uh urng hgh ny ldrh, ulur zn, rnn ngn nd hr nv h hl h rgnzn ffvly. 4. Hun Cl Dvln nd Orgnznl Effvn Irvn: Aqurng, dvlng nd rnng ln; ldrh dvln; rgnznl ffvn nd un lnnng, fr xl. N hr h n f h hllng d wh ng n hun l h lng-r nur f hun l ngn. S rul k yr hw nd uh, w r gn dlng wh wh w n n h rlv hr-nd-nw vru wh w rv lkly b h lngr-r f n nrvnn. Aun 3: Ang h f hng n b dfful bu n bl. Vru f rul fr h gr ld undr Aun 2 r, r r l, rdly bl. W blv rn n l h dr fr rfn drv u h bl f gnng knwldg hrugh h u f, rulrly ull fr ull khldr, nd hu h u f y b vwd nl wll rl.

13 13 IJCO Iu Aun 4: h vlun n b rd h f n xuv hng rgr ROI f vru y. N hr h n rhnv n f vlu ffrd, b r bh h fnnl r bun rurn n nvn wll h ROI n rln u uh hun l dvln. HE INSRUMEN h khldr w hd nl n h ffr r vry buy l. W fn fnd, hv hr, h hy r n nrly nrd n ndng gr dl f n vrly lx ffr ur hng, rulrly whn hy fl h h hng h bn rlvly ffv fr fn ndn. A uh, w d dvl urvy l h wuld: 1. B brf rbl. 2. Mk bl fr ull rr h. 3. k h rndn hrugh rlvly grnulr n f hng nd vlu, vng wrd n vrll n. 4. Prvd rhnv dn f hun l/rgnznl ffvn wll bun nd fnnl rg. (S bl 1 nd 2) 5. Allw fr h ln f ull u rg (u hr ) lng wh rng f h rn nd n f dllr vlu f hng u n h r (.., rvd vlun). (S bl 3) 6. Prvd h bly vully rk whh wr ld fr r- -urvyng. 7. Prvd n runy hr rlvn f rulr hng rgr nd vy. bl 1 nd 2 drb h f h rl h buldng f hun l nd/r rgnznl ffvn. bl 1 fu lrgly n h rnl gn n bly r bhvr h n b xd hrugh rn n xuv hng n r f n nd ny-rld u. bl 2 fu r n rgnznl ffvn nd bun u xrnl h hng ln bu nvrhl rld h wrk f h hng nggn. h khldr w hd nl n h ffr r vry buy l. W fn fnd...h hy r n nrly nrd n ndng gr dl f n vrly lx ffr ur hng... A N f d w n 5 w 6 7

14 14 IJCO Iu Cbl nd Bhvr rgd n Chng Bg-ur/Dl Bln Buldng Enhu Buldng Rlnh Buldng Mrl Bun Aun/Knwldg Bun Rul/Exun Crr Advnn Cln Fu/Srv Cllbrn/wrk Cunn Skll Cnfl Mngn/Rlun Dn Mkng nd Judgn Dlgn/Ewrng Ohr Dvlng Slf Dvlng/Chng Ely Dvry Cndrn/Snvy Exuv Prn Exrnl Vbly/Ig Fld Prn/Fld Exrn Fllwng Ohr Frng Innvn Glbl/Inrnnl Prv Gl Sng Influn Inrnl Vbly/Ig Inrrnl Skll Jb Sfn nd Enjyn Ldng/Drvng Chng Lnng Skll Mngng Prfrn Iu Mng Fln Ngn Skll Prnrng r Bundr/Sl Prnl Enrgy/O Prduvy/ Mngn Prj Mngn Quly f Wrk Prdu Slf-Awrn/Slf-Rfln Slf-Cnfdn Sn f Urgny/Rnvn Sng Drn nd Vn Srg hnkng Sr Mngn hnl Skll Mry Wrk/Lf Bln Cyrgh by Brry Shlr nd Cbr Cnulng. All rgh rrvd. Rrnd wh rn. bl 1 Hun Cl nd Bun Ou/Mr I Algnn wh Bun Prr Avdn f rnn/srn B f Cd Fllwr Cln Rnn/Grwh Effny/C Rdun Ely Algnn Ely Enggn Ely Sfn Ely/ Rnn Exrnl Cln S./Rlnh Inrd Sl/Rvnu Innn Rn wh Orgnzn Inrnl Cln S./Rlnh Mrgr Ingrn Pr Irvn Prdu/Srv Dvln Prdu/Srv Lunh Prduvy Prfbly Prbly/Crr Prgrn Quly Mngn Rdu L/Bun Dln Rk/Lbly Rdun urnrund/bun Rvry Cyrgh by Brry Shlr nd Cbr Cnulng. All rgh rrvd. Rrnd wh rn. bl 2 W ulzd w wy khldr rn f h vlu f h u. h nludd f n qun rgrdng h rvd vrll vlu f h hng. h rh w ulzd gvn h dffuly w nd n gnng rr rgrdng f dllr f h f gnrl, vrvw hng u. Dllr Vlu Rng Sl Sl Dllr Vlu 1 $0 2 $1 $5,000 3 $5,001 $10,000 4 $10,001 $25,000 5 $25,001 $50,000 6 $50,001 $100,000 7 $100,001 $250,000 8 $250,001 $500,000 9 $500,001 $1,000, vr $1,000,000 Cyrgh by Brry Shlr nd Cbr Cnulng. All rgh rrvd. Rrnd wh rn. bl 3

15 15 IJCO Iu Hwvr, w l kd khldr h dllr vlu rbd vru f u f h hng ung h dllr rng rnd n h nrun l llwd khldr dfn drd hng n bhvr r n, h hun l r bun u d wh uh hng, nd n f h dllr vlu d wh ny nd u hng. HE MEHODOLOGY h Chng I Sudy dgnd khldr rn bln ( 1 whh rughly h u f h hng) nd fr h nlun f hng ( fllw-u 2). h urvy nrun r qu lr fr 1 nd 2, dffrng nly n grl n. h fllw-u rry urvy l k fr rn fr h rndn r n n n nrvw nd h ulnl urvy ndd h h n nd nn rfnl r. hu hr bly fr r- urn (nludng ulnl urvyng) lng wh qulv -hng nrvwng. Bu rng rgnzn lrdy hv hng nggn undrwy, hr n n ly bgn rgnznl rn by rng wh h fllw-u urvyng (uful n wn rgh). W n h u bu w hv fund h rgnzn nd h hrgd wh ngng hng rgr whn rgnzn rqur gd dgr f ur hy v u lrnng urv d wh ndung uh dld rgr n. W r h n ROI udy lf n rgnznl nrvnn nd h rlly rn bgn wh ng h ln whr h/h, rhr hn nng un rgd rnrng nd dgn r. Orgnzn rng n h udy dnfd ndvdul h, wll hr ngr, hr h, nd, n nn, hr HR n, rnd h n-ln urvy(). Aud y rndr -l wr ud nurg hghr rn r. hl vr h d wh nln d lln, qunv nly, ury rrng, nd rnn f fndng nf/ndury un, h rng ny w kd k vry d fnnl nrbun. Prng rgnzn wr nvd bd n rvu rlnh wh n r r f h uhr, wll n v wrd-f-uh gn. w f h uhr l rvd h w r r f h rgnzn. Orgnznl rn n h Chng I Sudy rqurd rn dgr f llng. Prulr bnf hzd rn rgnzn nlud: 1. Hvng nfrn hr wh h nd nur f hng bu wh vlud fr hng h rng rgnzn. 2. Rvng ury rr bd n n nly f h rn fr hr hng rgr lrn wh r rv nn n hng nd rn f rgr. 3. Ully rvng bnhrk rr ggrgng rul r rng rgnzn. W fund h h rgnzn rng n h udy dd fr vry f rn. S hng r ngr wr undr xl rqurn rvd ROI jufn fr rgr v. All wr nrd n undrndng h qun f vlu-rn n grr dh, vn f hy wr n H b b q B d w w W O r l P O 1 w 2 3 W

16 16 IJCO Iu undr rur ndu frl ROI udy. All wr l nrd n ryng dvl lrr ur f hw hr rgr wr dng n rln hr b r n. A r f nnuu rvn nl uh rnrh. W fund h h rgnzn rng n h udy dd fr vry f rn...all wr nrd n undrndng h qun f vlu-rn n grr dh, vn f hy wr n undr rur ndu frl ROI udy. D Prn Cnfdnly ndrn r n rn ln f ndung h Chng I Sudy. h nrng fr, Cbr Cnulng, d nnng h nfdnly f h nfrn ghrd nd rd n h r f rryng u h Chng I Sudy. h nvgr r d rng ll udy-rld nfrn nv, nd h nd, hv bn kn r n nd hr dnfyng nfrn f ndvdul rndn. h nv nur f h nfrn uh h ny nly nd nrrn hrd wh n xrnl udn wll b n ggrg fr. Furhrr, n nd hr nfrn rvdd Cbr n h ur f h udy wll n b ud fr ny ur hr hn udy-rld vy. An r ld vr h Inrn n rv urvy rl wnd nd nnd by Cbr Cnulng, In. SSL nryn ud r unn wh h rvr, nd rn r gvn h y by n ndvdul urn nd wrd. Ur nfrn nd d r k nfdnl ll nd wll b ud lly fr h ur f h urvy. W r d HE RESULS h fndng rrd hrn r n gv n nl vrvw f wh w r lrnng d ( f Augu, 2006) nd ur n f h rngh nd wkn f h hdlgy undr udy. W rr hr n f ur nl fndng rgrdng h rd f h/ngr/h ung ub f fr h fllw-u rry urvy d nly. In h h n ngng udy, ur rdlly ud h hng uny hrugh rl nd hr d. On r r khldr fr 132 unqu hng nggn rd (h, ngr, nd h) Whv, Crd Su nd Dl (h U.S. fr) wr nvd r n h udy. h rul h fllw r fr 95 f h nggn, nng h l n khldr fr h f 95 nggn rd rndd h urvy. Eh f h rng rgnzn h ubnl hng rgr n l nd vrn by hng r Sudy Prn Ch Mngr Ch Invd Rndd Rn R 56% 12% 43% bl 4 ngr. All f h h n h d rnd r xrnl. Rn r luld bd n h nubr f ndvdul n rulr khldr rl nvd rnd h urvy.

17 17 IJCO Iu A n b n n bl 4, h rnv khldr gru nd f h nd h l rnv wr ngr. Prubly, h wuld n hv hd r hn ngl nggn, whr gvn h r ngr uld b rrnd fr r hn ngl nggn. In gnrl, fr nggn, hr wuld b rd f h/ngr/h. Sung r rndn, h l n (l z) fr h rr 140. Fr ll f h gnrl nly h fllw, l n h n ll hv ll br f rulr khldr gru rndng (.., h n y vry, whr n h nubr f rndn rulr ). Cbl/Bhvr undrnd wh knd f hng wr wrkd n fr dvln, rndn uld l fr f 46 bl nd bhvr h uld nvbly rv nn durng gvn nggn. h n frqunly ld Cbl/Bhvr r khldr gru r ld n bl 5. hr ndny n ll hun bng ngg n ny nubr f bhvr rdu hr hyl r nl dr n h n. A h b S l v C d n M Cnly rgd Cbl/Bhvr by Skhldr Gru Ch Mngr Ch Buldng Rlnh (74%) Slf-Awrn/Slf-Rfln (63%) Cunn Skll (53%) Crr Advnn (46%) Exuv Prn (44%) Dvlng Slf (43%) Prnrng r Bundr/Sl (41%) Inrnl Vbly/Ig (41%) Buldng Mrl (39%) Influn (37%) Dvlng Slf (57%) Buldng Rlnh (50%) Bg-ur/Dl Bln (43%) Gl Sng (36%) Lnng Skll (36%) Slf-Awrn/Slf-Rfln (36%) Crr Advnn (36%) Ldng/Drvng Chng (36%) Mngng Prfrn Iu (36%) Buldng Enhu (36%) Cunn Skll (61%) Slf-Awrn/Slf-Rfln (54%) Dvlng Slf (52%) Cnfl Mngn/Rlun (52%) Buldng Rlnh (45%) Crr Advnn (45%) Exuv Prn (41%) Inrnl Vbly/Ig (38%) Inrrnl Skll (36%) Lnng Skll (36%) Sng Drn nd Vn (36%) Cyrgh by Brry Shlr nd Cbr Cnulng. All rgh rrvd. Rrnd wh rn. bl 5 C Ar h hr khldr gru, fur wr rn n h n ld by h gru: Dvlng Slf, Slf-Awrn/Slf-Rfln, Crr Advnn, nd Buldng Rlnh. Ch ld h bl/bhvr, n vrg f 10.1 (SD =6.5; n=70) u f l f 46 bl, xludng Nn n. Ch ld n vrg f 9.8 (SD=6.1; n=56), nd ngr n vrg f 8.6 (SD=8.6; n=14). [n: SD = Sndrd Dvn, ur f nrl ndny] h Ohr fr h l w ld by 10% f h, 7% f ngr nd 5% f h, ndng h h l f rvdd ffvly urd ubnl jry f ll bhvrl hng n ddrd n hng nggn. Rndn wr gvn h runy drb hr rn fr Ohr, hr f whh wr drbd by r hn n rndn: buldng hgh rfrng (by hr rndn), nd ldrh nd nwrkng (h by w rndn). A r C = 8 f w

18 18 IJCO Iu h ndn f rndn ndrng h Nn (n hng n ny r) w vry lw n rndn fr bh h h nd h gru nd w fr h ngr gru. Obvuly, h ndvdul nggn lvl, rn f Nn nbl. On ur d h grwn uffnly, w n bgn xlr h hrr f uh nggn. Ou/Mr nvy h f hng, rndn uld l fr f 25 u nd r h wr blvd hv rvd rul f h hng nggn. h fv frqunly ld u/r r khldr gru r ld n bl 6. Fv Sld Ou/Mr r Skhldr Gru Ch Mngr Ch Inrnl Cur S/Rlnh (51%) Ely Enggn (49%) Prn/Prbly (44%) Algnn wh Bun Prr (41%) Ely Algnn (40%) Prduvy (40%) Ely Enggn (43%) B f Cd Fllwr (36%) Prn/Prbly (29%) Algnn wh Bun Prr (29%) Ely Sfn (21%) Prn/Prbly (50%) Ely Enggn (41%) Prduvy (34%) B f Cd Fllwr (32%) Ely Algnn (32%) Cyrgh by Brry Shlr nd Cbr Cnulng. All rgh rrvd. Rrnd wh rn. bl 6 Ar h khldr gru, w wr rn n h fv ld by h gru: Ely Enggn nd Prn/Prbly. Bu h urvy dgn llw fr h rndn drb (n x nry fld) wh rgr lkd lk, w r bl gn ddnl ngh h nng f gvn u, uh h ld n bl 6. Fr xl, hlly, h nng rbd Ely Enggn nludd rvn by h h n nn nd, n hr nn, rvn w rbd hr ly (uh br r hr ff). A, Ely Enggn gn l rfrnd nrd wrk vrll. Ch gn ld h u/r, n vrg f 5.3 (SD=3.9; n=70) u f l f 25 bl, xludng h Nn n. Ch ld n vrg f 4.5 (SD=3.1; n=56), nd ngr n vrg f 3.2 (SD=3.2; n=14). h Ohr fr h l w ld by 10% f h, 7% f ngr, nd 4% f h, ndng h, gn, h l f rvdd ffvly urd f h rlvn u n d by hng nggn. A wh h l f bl nd bhvr, rndn wr gvn h runy drb hr rn fr Ohr, nly n f whh w drbd by r hn n rndn: nrd rfl/vbly (by w rndn). h ndn f rndn ndrng h Nn (n hng n ny r) w gn vry lw n rndn fr h h gru, hr fr h h gru nd w fr h ngr gru. h fndng nd h, fr hng rn, h hng hy lnd rul f hng rdud n brvbl v n hr wrkl lhn.

19 19 IJCO Iu An f Vlu: Gnrl Prn A r f n qun fllw h u drbd bv, h nd by n 10-n rng l h rng fr 1 (vry ll) 10 (vry uh). h n qun ddr vrll wll fr h uld nlly ff h dgr f xrnd hrugh hng. Avrg rng wr luld fr h rndn gru, hwn n bl 7. A A 1 Mn bl fr Rng Sl Qun 1. wh xn h hng vly d COACHEE vrll ffvn n h/hr rl? 2. wh xn w h hng wrh COACHEE nvn f? 3. wh xn w h hng wrh COMPANY dllr nvn? 4. Hw rn w hng u, n h nn, h r() f COMPANY fr whh COACHEE wrk? 5. wh xn w COACHEE rnlly d h hng r? 6. wh xn MANAGER rnlly d h hng r wh rgrd COACHEE? 7. wh xn dd COMPANY lr xn bu hng dlvrbl? 8. wh dgr w hng uful n flng undrndng f COMPANY rg gl? 9. A rn, hw fd r yu wh h vlu f hng fr COACHEE? 10. A rn, hw fd r yu wh h vlu f hng nv r COMPANY? Ch Mngr Ch SD=1.9; n=62 SD=3.5; n=12 SD=1.6; n= SD=1.6; n=66 SD=3.2; n=12 SD=1.3; n= SD=1.8; n=64 SD=3.8; n=12 SD=1.6; n= SD=1.7; n=58 SD=3.4; n=12 SD=1.6; n= SD=2.0; n=69 SD=2.8; n=12 SD=1.2; n= SD=2.3; n=68 SD=2.8; n=13 SD=1.9; n= SD=1.8; n=68 SD=2.3; n=11 SD=2.4; n= SD=1.6; n=60 SD=3.3; n=10 SD=2.3; n= SD=1.8; n=69 SD=4.1; n=13 SD=1.4; n= SD=1.1; n=62 SD=2.5; n=12 SD=1.7; n=44 In h nln urvy, h r COACHEE, COMPANY, nd MANAGER hwn bv r rld by h f n f h rlvn r. Cyrgh by Brry Shlr nd Cbr Cnulng. All rgh rrvd. Rrnd wh rn. bl 7 h urvy rul rvl h h nd hr h nd vw nd fr qun n lr, qu nurgng, lgh. Whl l h d-n d f h 10-n l, ngr hv wh l v vw f fr (wh h nbl xn f 6, n n f hr wn n hr dr rr hng r). Gvn h h udy vrll ll n rlvly rly g w nn wh rng nvn h rn fr h dffrn. On gh hyhz, hwvr, h h rn fr h dffrn n rng y b n ndn h, n ny hng un, ngr ( n vrgd gru) r n uffnly r ffvly nrrd n h hng r h n h hy r fully rrd d bhvr r yl hng n hr dr rr, r nn hng hy d h hng r. Alrnvly, uld b h ngr, hvng l f rnl nvn n fndng v rul fr h hng r, ly hv r kl (rg?) vwn. h nwrhy rn f drny n rn bwn ngr nd bh... y b n ndn h... ngr... r n uffnly r ffvly nrrd n h hng r h n h hy r fully rrd d bhvr r yl hng n hr dr rr, r nn hng hy d h hng r. v r r r

20 20 IJCO Iu h nd h n nnly hrughu h urvy rul, nd rh u fr hng uny db. Ovrll Fuur Vlu On f h l n h urvy ddr h vrll vlu f h hng nggn, gvng rndn n runy rvd ngl n h uul fr nd dl lrdy xlrd n h urvy, wll ny ddnl fr dd rn by h rndn. h rul fr h frwrd-lkng r hwn n Fgur 1. Ovrll Fuur Vlu Ad by Dffrn Skhldr Gru Ch Mngr Ch Prn f Rn 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% $0 $1 $5,000 $5,001 $10,000 $10,001 $25,000 $25,001 $50,000 $50,001 $100,000 $100,001 $250,000 $250,001 $500,000 $500,001 $1,000,000 vr $1,000,000 Rgnzng h hr r nuru fr nvlvd, l h dllr vlu COMPANY* f COACHEE * hng n vrll ffvn vr h nx 18 nh dr rul f hng Cyrgh by Brry Shlr nd Cbr Cnulng. All rgh rrvd. Rrnd wh rn. Fgur 1 A Fgur 1 hw, vr 85% f 56 h nd vr 90% f 51 h d 18-nh rv vlu f hr hng nggn (fr h d f urvy ln) b vr $50,000 fgur h wuld n nrly ll ru h xn f n-yr xuv ldrh hng nggn. In nr, h 12 ngr wh rndd h dffrd drlly ng hlv, wh vr 30% brvng n vlu fr h hng r, 42% ng l hn $50,000 n vlu fr hng, nd 25% ng ubnlly hghr vlu f vr $1,000,000. Agn, h rlnry d fr vry ll l z. Hwvr, w gh gn ndr whhr r n ngr f hng rgr gh bnf fr gvng r fu hw

21 21 IJCO Iu ngr r nld nrbur h hng r. A ubr h, w ddd rqu fr nfdn fr h 18- nh frwrd-lkng dllr vlun b rvdd n 10-n l. Avrg rn nd h h nd h r hghly nfdn n hr vlun, whl, vrgd ngr rn fll ju bv h ddl f h l. N urrngly, h w khldr nvlvd nd knwldgbl bu h hng r nd rul wr r nfdn n hr n. A g fr rgr ngr y, gn, b r rrvly nlud h ( ngr ) n h hng r, rulrly durng h nrng nd n lnnng g whr h bun f h rd hng ln n b lrfd nd grd by ll r. Crrlng Vlu wh Pnl Mdrng Fr U nw, w hv xnd ggrg gru-lvl rn urvy ndndnly f n nhr. Hwvr, dr xnn f h full urvy d y rvl nrrln ng rn r ull. Whl rhnv nly f ll uh nl dng rlnh bynd h f h r, w nlud hr n uh nly: n xnn f h rrln bwn h Ovrll Fuur Vlu nnd rvuly, nd h n rng-l ( f nd fr) l drbd rvuly. bl 8 nn h rul f h w-ld Prn rrln nly ung h A ( b C U d h Crrln bwn E f Ovrll Fuur Vlu f h Chng Enggn nd n Rng-Sl I Ovrll Fuur Vlu 1. wh xn h hng vly d COACHEE vrll ffvn n h/hr rl? 0.49** 2. wh xn w h hng wrh COACHEE nvn f? 0.47** 3. wh xn w h hng wrh COMPANY dllr nvn? 0.50** 4. Hw rn w hng u, n h nn, h r() f COMPANY fr whh COACHEE wrk? 0.49** 5. wh xn w COACHEE rnlly d h hng r? 0.35** 6. wh xn MANAGER rnlly d h hng r wh rgrd COACHEE? 0.28** 7. wh xn dd COMPANY lr xn bu hng dlvrbl? 0.21* 8. wh dgr w hng uful n flng undrndng f COMPANY rg gl? 0.25** 9. A rn, hw fd r yu wh h vlu f hng fr COACHEE? 0.49** 10. A rn, hw fd r yu wh h vlu f hng nv r COMPANY? 0.38** ** <.01 * <.05 In h nln urvy, h r COACHEE, COMPANY, nd MANAGER hwn bv r rld by h f n f h rlvn r. Full urvy : Rgnzng h hr r nuru fr nvlvd, l h dllr vlu COMPANY f COACHEE hng n vrll ffvn vr h nx 18 nh dr rul f hng. Cyrgh by Brry Shlr nd Cbr Cnulng. All rgh rrvd. Rrnd wh rn. bl 8 bnd d fr h, ngr nd h.

22 22 IJCO Iu A h bl hw, ll n qun r vly rrld wh vrll vlu. h rngly rrld, n urrngly, r h wh ur l rvd n f h vrll vlu f h nggn n vru wy. Hwvr, h rngh f h rrln f vn h l gnfn fr, wh xn dd COMPANY lr xn bu hng dlvrbl? nd h h nx, xn, nd nvrnn by h ny, h rgr ngr, nd h hng rd (h, h, nd ngr) r ll rn fr h ff rn f h vlu f hng r h brd. h hng udy nndd b ngng nd nlud n vr-grwng nubr f rn rgnzn fr vry f bun nd hr r. A ur knwldg ru, h fndng n b u u fr rvng hng rv dlvry. DISCUSSION h f h rl rr n ur ffr r l nd hdlgy fr h udy f hng whh bgn fy h ull hllng d wh h k. Suh l nd hdlgy u b bl f urng h rlnh bwn hng u (ylly bhvr nd yl hng), bun u nd fnnl u. Suh l nd hdlgy u l b rdly uful nd n rrn burdn n h nvlvd. Suh l nd hdlgy nd k n un h dffrn khldr gru nd dffrn rgnzn wll hv dffrn rv n h knd f vlu h rd hrugh xuv hng. h hng udy nndd b ngng nd nlud n vr-grwng nubr f rn rgnzn fr vry f bun nd hr r. A ur knwldg ru, h fndng n b u u fr rvng hng rv dlvry. b n v k u Mull Prv, Mull Orgnzn Sud Ar Hv Pr Ann h ul-fd wy n whh vlu d n hng nd ryng blh h rlnh ng h, nluv f fnnl nd nn-fnnl u, r rng. Rlng fnnl u, whh ddly nd urfully rrn, nd bhvr brvn r wrkbl nd, ju rnly, r nbl rgnznl khldr. h Mngr V Nd B Hrd h rul f h nl ud bvuly drw ur nn bh h lw r f rn f ngr nd h f h h wh dd rnd hd dffrn f h vlu f hng. W wuld n, hwvr, h 42% f h rrd vlu f $25,001 r hghr h n wuld hv d fr h hng nd hn (whh uh n h u h fr ROI r f h jufn fr hng). Nvrhl, h unqu rv f h ngr nd b hrd. h h ln fr h hllng fng h hng r ngr n hr ffr undrnd hng vlu rn. h ngr h b brugh n h r f urn. h wll lkly rqur grr rnrng rund u urn r f h hng r lf. h fndng l ugg h r frqun nd n-dh nvlvn f h ngr wuld hl h undrnd wh hnng whn gvn nggn nd b, hu, r und hng. Suh nvlvn n runy fr h hng rd nd h rgnzn. Exndng h S h fndng rnd hr rrn bu fw xl f wh n b gnd fr n ffr rrh whn nd r rgnzn rund h f h vlu f hng. A h udy rd, w wll b bl brdn nd dn

23 23 IJCO Iu ur nly nd v wrd l gnfn ng uln h urvy drv r uhd un hrn. Lk ny rdr, w n l gn h vry f ddnl wy lk nd xn h d. W nv yur dun nd dlg! A, fundng nd rnnl y llw, w n l nvn rld ud h wuld ndvr rrl hr rgnznlly vlbl d wh hng u urvy d. bl 9 rn xl f uh d h gh b vlbl hrugh HRIS y r fr hng r ngr. Knwldg bu h vrbl n ln u drwn fr h rvd u rfrnd n h Inl nd Fllw-u Chng I urvy. Obvuly, udy f uh vrbl u ur,, rn nd rur. Al, n gnrl, wuld b uful r rlvly hd hr f hd vru nn-hd xuv. h wuld hl drn h vlu nd. Exl f Chng I Vrbl Exrnl h Survy Aurng h hng rvng h ndvdul nd h rgnzn n wy h dnr lr vlu ky h u f h fld. A v v Aul dllr f gvn hng nggn Lngh f rulr hng nggn Rn() fr hng Prvu xrn f h, ngr nd/r hr khldr wh hng nd/r hr fr f dvln Exrn lvl f h h Mhd f hng h h Rl-wrld fnnl rfrn r, uh rvnu, vng nd rf hng (undr h urvw f gvn xuv, r r r) Exn whh nw rdu/rv dvld ( bun fr hng) rk fr rdu/rv Rnn nd urnvr ( rd hd, nn-hd x) Prn ( rd hd, nn-hd xuv ldr) Cnn lvl nd hng S f h h jb rnbl bl 9 Wy U h Sudy whn h Orgnzn Brdly kng nd kn ghr,, vlu nd ROI n rrn hd f rgnznl lf-udy h huld b hlful rgr ngr n n n-gng b. h d h rg fr h lf-udy uld b d f u rgnznl dn-kr, h nd hng ln wll hr ngr. Rng f h frquny wh whh rulr bl r rgd fr hng nrvnn n hl dn-kr h lgnn bwn vrll hng v nd bun nd, fr nn. h nn f lf-udy l h nl hng l lf. h d ghrd fr nl urvy uld b ulzd hl h h nd h gud hr v gng frwrd n h hng. Ch f rg, nd h bun ln f n rv fu h nvlvd, whu nrly undrnng h uzn h rrn ru rngh f hng. W B u f b

24 24 IJCO Iu CONCLUSION In lunhng h udy, ur h w ul dlgu rgrdng h vlu f hng h wuld ngg h rgnzn wh ulz hng r r nlng hng, wll nvlvng hr khldr h hng nrr. Aurng h hng rvng h ndvdul nd h rgnzn n wy h dnr lr vlu ky h u f h fld. If w hv n wy dnr nd rul h vlu, hng n rgnzn rk. W undrnd h dfful nhrn n urng hng nd hv hd ull dlgu wh h nd rgnzn rgrdng bh hr rrvn nd ur f h ffr. W blv h d h dfful nd lx f udy f h knd, urrndr n n n! h hllng w f h f nnung rfn hdlgy fr ng vlu h h nd f ll khldr nvlvd. Rfrn Andrn, M. (2003). B-ln rgnzn dvln. Lndn: Elvr. Budru, J., & Rd, P. (2005). lnh nd h nw rdg fr hun rur ngn: fr rfnl r rg ln dn n. Hun Rur Plnnng, 28, (2), Dvnr,. (1999). Hun l: Wh nd why l nv. Sn Frn: Jy- B. Fllry-rv, A., & Ln, D. (2006). D hng wrk r r w kng h wrng qun? Inrnnl Chng Pyhlgy Rvw, 1, (1), Hll, D.., Oz, K., & Hllnbk, G. (1999). Bhnd ld dr: Wh rlly hn n xuv hng? Orgnznl Dyn, Wnr, Hun, J., Srn, L., Mkln, N., & Snbrnnr, D. (2006, Fbrury). L hv db: Wh r h n w r lkng fr n ur xuv h? Prnd h Cnfrn Brd Exuv Chng Cnfrn, Nw Yrk, NY. Hun, J., & Wnrub, J. (2006). h hng rgnzn: A rgy fr dvlng ldr. Clfrn: Sg Publn, In. Ku, E. (2002, Obr). Algnng xuv hng wh rg bun gl. Prfrn Irvn, 41 (9), Ku, E., Shlr, B., Hun, J., Gnry, C., & Snbrnnr, D. (2005, Arl). Chng : Idnfyng ndvdul nd rgnznl u f hng. Prnd h Sy fr Indurl nd Orgnznl Pyhlgy 20h Annul Cnfrn, L Angl, CA. Ornn, R. (2006). Murng xuv hng ffy? h nwr w rgh hr ll h. Cnulng Pyhlgy Jurnl, 58, (2), Shr, J., Lndn, M., Flu, R., Vrg, Y., & Kun, I. (2003). Cn wrkng wh n xuv hng rv ulur fdbk rng vr? A qu-xrnl fld udy. Prnnl Pyhlgy, 56, Srng, Wylyhyn, K., Grnky, B., & H, J.W. (2006). gr, r, nd bhvr hng: urvy rul f nd hng rgr. Cnulng Pyhlgy Jurnl, 58 (2),

25 25 IJCO Iu Brry Shlr, Ph.D. Phn: (203) El: bhlr@gh. Brry Shlr Prnr wh h Sg Gru f Ar, rfnl rv fr fundd n 1992 h rvd xuv hng, rgr dgn fr ldrh dvln nd n rdu. H l br f Cbr Cnulng hng nwrk. In 1999, Dr. Shlr nd rry h n xuv hng nd rld nulng. Chng l nlud: (1) wrkng wh nrvrd ldr dvl ndd bl; (2) hlng xuv rnn nw rl f rg rn fr n rgnzn; nd (3) urnrund hng fr ldr wh rr r undr dur. Rrnv ln nggn nlud Dl, UBS, JPMrgn Ch, JPMrgn Prnr, Whv, hn Fnnl ESG (nw Og), h El Churh Pnn Gru nd hr. H rnd B.A. n yhlgy fr Ery Unvry, Aln. H hld dr n lnl/uny yhlgy nd M.A. n xrnl yhlgy, bh fr h Unvry f Suh Flrd n. Drk Snbrnnr, MA, MBA Phn: (617) El: dnbrnnr@brnulng. Drk Snbrnnr Prnl wh Cbr Cnulng. Drk ng Cbr Chng r nd h bn ngrl h lnn f rg hng rgr n uh ln Nnl Sndur, Crd Su, MLf, NASA nd Whv. In ddn, h lzn n h dgn nd dvln f wb-nbld HR r nlud wrk n n nln rfrn ngn url, wb-nbld un lnnng y, nd n n-ln hng ngn y. Drk rvd h BA n yhlgy fr uf Unvry, n MA n Indurl/Orgnznl Pyhlgy fr Bwlng Grn S Unvry, nd n MBA fr Clubu S Unvry. Elln Ku, MS, J.D. El: ku@brnulng. Elln Ku Prnr nd xuv h wh Cbr Cnulng, nd ld Cbr Chng r. Sh h r hn 20 yr f xrn wrkng wh Frun 500 n nd ubl r rgnzn lnng rng f HR ln, nludng un lnnng, rfrn ngn nd n, rrun nd ln, nd xuv dvln. Elln h hd nr xuv ny n, nludng h Bl Crrn, Crd Su, JPMrgn Ch, Whv, nd Dl. Elln h Bhlr dgr n Pyhlgy fr h Unvry f Mhgn, JD fr Wyn S Unvry, nd Mr f Sn n Indurl Rln nd Prnnl Mngn fr h Lndn Shl f En. B P E B v l C w W G H D P E D b g M v U S E E E C h C g v f

26 26 IJCO Iu J Hun, D.B.A. El: [email protected] J Hun Chr f h Mngn Dvn, A Prfr f Mngn nd h Chrl Brn r Chr Hldr Bbn Cllg n Wllly, Mhu. H h ngn, rg hun rur ngn nd ldrh. J h Fuly C-Drr f h Chng fr Ldrh nd wrk Prgr nd fuly br n h Ldrh nd Influn Prgr Bbn. H h -uhr f w bk, h Chng Mngr: Dvlng ln n Bun nd h Chng Orgnzn: A Srgy fr Ldrh Dvln. J fuly br f h Ldrh nd Influn Prgr Bbn Shl f Exuv Edun. H l fundr f Hun A, rr nd ldrh dvln fr h rvd xuv hng, rr unlng, ly n rgr nd rg hun rur nulng ( J grdud fr MI wh B. S. Dgr nd rvd h D.B.A. fr Bn Unvry. Orgnznl IJCO Snr Adlr Shl f Prfnl Chng, rn, Onr Cnd Adlr Shl f Prfnl Chng SW, Phnx, Arzn USA Brk A, Nwwn, Cnnu USA Fundn f Chng, Nw Yrk Cy, Nw Yrk USA Inrnnl Ch Ady, Mdn, Vr Aurl Krn Cnulng, Arlngn Hgh, Illn USA Jhn B. Lzr & A, In., Fr Prk, Illn USA MKB Cnl & Cnulng, Gnv Swzrlnd Prfnl Shl f Pyhlgy, Srn, Clfrn USA

27 27 IJCO Iu Chng nd Ldrh In h Sx Culur f Cnrry Orgnzn Wll Brgqu, Ph.D. nd Vkk Brk, M.B.A. Ovr h wny yr, n f u [Bll] h rgnzd h nd fr ulurl nly f rgnzn fr h rv f h wh ld nd wrk n h rgnzn. (Brgqu, 1993; Brgqu, Gu nd Rny, 2003, Brgqu nd Pwlk, 2007) H ud h h nd h rgnzn gh wl n undrndng f rgnznl ulur, bu ny rgnzn b rulrly rn nflun nd hng. h dyn f nrry rgnzn r fn dfful undrnd. Any frwrk h n hl brng rdr h lxy f h rgnzn wll b grly rd. On f u [Vkk] h rnly ndud r f nrvw wh ldng rnr n h fld f hng. Sh h dvrd wdly dvrgn rv n h fld nd blv (wh Bll) h h dffrng rv rl dffrng rgnznl ulur nd, n urn, dffrng nn bu ffv ldrh nd hng n h f h ulur. h rl rrn blndng f h nul wrk nd rrh dn by bh uhr. Sx Orgnznl Culur I h b nrngly fhnbl drb rgnzn ulur. Anhrlg, ngn nuln, rgnznl yhlg, nd hr l n hv b nrd f h n nd hv hld ulrz h nn h ulurl nly yld rn ngh bu h lf nd dyn f n rgnzn. h dfnn f rgnznl ulur nd h hd ud udy rgnznl ulur r dvr h dln nvlvd (fr xl, Pgrw, 1979; Pr nd Wrn, 1982; Shn, 1985, 1992, 1999; Kr nd Hk, 1992; Dl & Knndy, 2000; Alvn, 2002; Mrn, 2002; Crn & Qunn, 2006). Hr w wll u Phl Rnk (2003) vw h gru ulur h f unqu hrr h dnguh br fr nhr gru (. 20). Rnk dfnn n vbl nd nvbl nfn nd ulur gru hnnn d n ndvdul rly. Whl Rnk rrly fung n h Bg C (ulurl dffrn r nnl nd hn bundr), h nly ( Rnk hlf ugg) l l h Sll (ulurl dffrn whn rgnzn nd hr l gru). h ur f h rl rvd n nly f ulur wh rgrd rgnznl hng rg. Rnk (2003) h n dffrn n b n ulurl, hr h bly f undrndng nd dvlng kll ng, r br y lvrg, h dffrn (. 17). Fur dffrn, y nrrld, ulur f ldrh nd hng r fn fund n nrry rgnzn. h ulur hv rfund n wy n whh ldr nd h vw hr urrn wrk, wll wy n whh hy rv h nl fr rnl bnf nd rgnznl rvn. h fur ulur l nflun hw h ud h rgnzn rv h ur nd rr rn f rgnzn, nd hw hy blv hy hlv huld nr wh h rgnzn. w f h fur ldrh nd hng ulur n b rd bk vrl nur. hy r h rfnl ulur nd h ngrl ulur. h hr w hv rgd r rnly, rlly n rn h ng flur f h w rgnl ulur d ffvly hng n nrry rgnzn. h fr f h r nrry ulur rfrrd h lrnv ulur nd h nd rfrrd h dvy ulur.

28 28 IJCO Iu hr r ddnl xrnl nflun n ur glbl ulur h r rng un h nrry rgnzn, frng n wy lr h wy g bu bun. w nw ldrh nd hng ulur r rgng n rgnzn rul f h glbl, xrnl fr. h w ulur nr wh h rvu fur, rng nw dyn. h fr f h w ulur, h vrul ulur, h bn rd by h hnlgl nd l fr h hv rgd vr h wny yr. h nd ulur, h ngbl ulur, h xd n fr fr qu, y h nly rnly bn vdn r ulur rly n rn rgn f h vrul ulur. W r h h x dn ulur (h wh wn hry nd vlu) yld f rv wh rgrd rgnznl hng nd, n urn, un bu h wy n whh wrk ffvly wh rgnznl ldr. (S Fgur On) Fgur 1. Sx Ldrh nd Chng Culur Fur dffrn, y nrrld, ulur f ldrh nd hng r fn fund n nrry rgnzn. h ulur hv rfund n wy n whh ldr nd h vw hr urrn wrk, wll wy n whh hy rv h nl fr rnl bnf nd rgnznl rvn. f b f y b W y l F Crdnl & Eh; Fu n Ldrh; Ch Sur f Wd & Crdbly. A & Equly; Fu n Influn & Pwr; Cln hrd & rd. ADVOCACY Culur PROFESSIONAL Culur Old Rn Rn Nw Glbl Mrk & Rd Chng; Fu n h Lrnng Orgnzn; Ch Sur f Chllng & Sur VIRUAL Culur Sbly & Snury; Fu n R & Cuny; Ch Offr F--F Srv fr El. ANGIBLE Culur Nw Old Aunbly (ROI) & Fl Rnbly; Fu n Mngrl Knwldg, Skll & Aud; Ch Flr f Prfrn Irvn MANAGERIAL Culur Prnl & Srul Murn; Fu n Hghr Cnun; Cln Dfn Wh Su Mn ALERNAIVE Culur

29 29 IJCO Iu h Prfnl Culur Ch nd h ur f hng rv wh r lgnd wh h ulur nv f hng rfn nd k buld rdbly hrugh blhng d f h, rfnl rgnzn [uh Inrnnl Ch Fdrn (ICF), Prfnl Ch nd Mnr An (PCMA), Eurn Mnrng nd Chng Cunl (EMCC) nd Inrnnl Cnru fr Chng n Orgnzn (ICCO)] nd ubln [uh h Inrnnl Jurnl f Chng n Orgnzn (IJCO) nd Inrnnl Jurnl f Evdn Bd Chng nd Mnrng (IJEBC&M)] nd rrh nd hlrh rgrdng hng. In ny, h blhd rfn (n rulr, yhlgy nd bun nulng) hv ld h hy ln n rfy h r, h vry l, h h fld f hng huld b lly nrd nd nrlld. h v bhnd h rfnl nrn r ludbl: nrn fr quly f rv nd fr n dqu fundn f hry-bd nd vdnl rrh ur hng r. Hwvr, undrlyng h lg v fn n unknwldgd hr fr nrl f h fld (wh nlly rh ur f ny nd y nflun rnl nd rgnznl lv). Prfnl n ly vry f rl, nludng ddrng nd fr u, n f n r llng, dr hr n ly frn nd lnn... flng f duy, wh fr fllwh nd uny, nd z fr hng. (Hul, 1980,. 171; Mrr nd Brk, 1997,. 224) In dbng h rfnlzn f dul dun, Crvr (1992) ugg h h db vr rfnlzng blly u bu h fld h lrdy dn. Crvr blv h dul dun u urn ffr wrd fndng dl f rfnlzn h b rfl h vlu nd hlh f r. Chng n h un nd h h runy dul dun vd r rdnl dl f rfnlzn nd nd v wrd vw h qun uhrv un bu h fld nd rdu vrdndn f rfnl. (Mrr nd Brk ) Whl h lgnd wh h ulur ur rrh n hng, hy r nlnd dnfy hng n r rhr hn n, nd rng ny ffr qunfy (nd hrfr nrn r rvlz) h f u f hng. In h bk Chng h Hun Sul, Slr (2003) ur bh r nd hry whn h y rdng n nn Chn xrn, hry whu r flh; r whu hry dngru (. x). H rn rbu hrl nd rl frwrk fr dlng wh h nvbl nrn f rgnznl nd rnl nrn ( x). Ch wh wh h ulur fn br ny und un bu h dnn f rnly n h rgnzn. hy nv f h hng nrr h gnrn, nrrn, nd dnn f knwldg nd h dvln f f vlu nd qul f hrr ng ldr n h rgnzn nd hy nd dffrn bwn ngr nd ldr. A rfnl h hy r nlnd hr wrk wh ldrh, rhr hn h r undn (n hr vw) rn f ngr n h rgnzn. h lgnd wh [h rfnl] ulur... r nlnd dnfy hng n r rhr hn n, nd rng ny ffr qunfy (nd hrfr nrn r rvlz) h f u f hng. C l F C J B v z d d d W C w l l l

30 30 IJCO Iu h lgnd wh [h ngrl] ulur nd vlu fl rnbly nd h qunfbl urn f hng u (fr xl, Rurn-n-Invn). h Mngrl Culur Ch nd h ur f hng rv wh r lgnd wh h ulur nv f hng vhl fr h rvn f ngrl rfrn. Mngn, n urn, fn dnfd wh f f rgnznl funn nd rnbl. Vwng ngn fr rfnl ulur rnn, Wrrn Bnn (1989), ugg h ngr dnr, k hw nd whn, fu n y, d hng rgh, nn, rly n nrl, nd hv hr-r rv. Bnn l ugg h ngr nd h u-qu, hv n y n h b ln nd. hy r h l gd ldr nd r y. Gvn Bnn lng rv n ngn, h rl b lyd by h b qu lr. hy r ngr n rfrng h rgnznl funn. Whl Bnn wh bd n h rfnl ulur rv n ngn, ny f h lgnd wh h ngrl ulur wh hv wrn bu hng gr wh h. Fr xl, Furn (1978) r h h hng r hnqu h hl ngr r ufully brng bu rfrn hvn n bun h rl drly h urvvl f h bun (. v). Mggnn (1979) lrly nd h hng r n whh ngr, hrugh dr dun nd gudd vy, hl llgu lrn lv rbl, r d k, br hn wuld hrw hv bn h. (. 5) Plr (2001) dnf ngn hng f dy--dy kll xrd by ngr ll lvl f h rgnzn. (. xv). Mny hr dfnn f hng fr h l 1970 hrugh h 2000 r lrly rnd wrd h ngn ulur. Chng n qu wdly vhl fr rvd ngrl rfrn. Ch lgnd wh h ulur r fn nggd n h lnnng, lnn, nd vlun f ngr wrk h wrk bng drd wrd fd gl nd ur. hy fn rv fw, f ny dffrn, bwn ngn nd ldrh. h lgnd wh h ulur nd vlu fl rnbly nd h qunfbl urn f hng u (fr xl, Rurn-n-Invn). hy nd blv h ngn (nd hrfr ldrh) kll n b fd nd dvld hrugh blnd f rnng nd hng. Ch wh wh h ulur fn br ny und un bu h y f n rgnzn ngr (ldr) lrly dfn nd ur gl nd bjv. hy nv f h hng nrr h nuln r rnfrn f f knwldg, kll, nd ud n h n nd wn hy r hng, h hy gh b uful nd rnbl ngr (ldr). h Alrnv Culur Ch nd h ur f hng rv wh r lgnd wh h ulur nv f hng vhl fr h rn f rgr nd v h furhr h rnl (nd fn h rul) grwh f ll br f h rgnzn (r vn r brdly h nr uny). Flhry (2005) y hng wy f wrkng wh l h lv h r n nd r fulflld h hy r r bl nrbu hr rgnzn nd fnd nng n wh hy r dng (. 3). Slr (2003) ur h rn: h hun ul h hddn d f bun. Chng h hun ul bu urng l b hr b n lvng, lrnng nd wrkng. Chng h hun ul k gd bun n, fr whn l r hr b, rgnn bnf fr hr nhnd rfrn, rduvy nd rvy. (.x)

31 31 IJCO Iu h ldr wh r lgnd wh h ulur urn h wh vlu rnl nn nd rv hr, wll h ngrn f nd, bdy nd r (l n h u f IJCO). Bh h nd ldr fn d n n rfl dnn bwn rnl nd rgnznl hng. Ch wh wh h ulur fn br ny und un bu h nhrn dr f ll n nd wn n hr wn rnl urn. Bh h nd ldr wh h dvln f hr n h rgnzn (r vn h brdr uny). hy nv f h hng nrr h nurgn f nl fr gnv, ffv, hyl nd rul dvln ng ll br f h rgnzn n ju h frl ldr. h Advy Culur Ch nd h ur f hng rv wh r lgnd wh h ulur nv f hng vhl fr h blhn f qubl nd glrn l nd rdur rgrdng h drbun f rur nd bnf n h rgnzn. Rnk (2003) vw h h quly nd f h hrrhy/quly nnuu nd h unvrl nd f h unvrl/rn nnuu. Rnk (2003) dfn quly h rgnznl rrngn l r qul wh fn hn ly dffrn rl nd unvrl ll huld b rd n h unvrl nnr, dng n r fr nny nd n f l (. 54). h lgnd wh h ulur fn hv bn d n hr lf wh h fruln nd/r nfrn f HR (hun rur) l nd rdur (rvng ly l n lrg rrn r gvrnn gny). Ldr wh r lgnd wh h ulur urn h wh vlu nfrnn nd qubl, nblng nd wrng rg h brng ll khldr h bl. Ldr urn h wh rgnz h nvbl rn f (nd nd fr) ull nun wh vd nr h r nhrnly n n. hy blv h hng nl h nggn. Ch (nd ldr) d wh h ulur br ny und un bu h ul rl f wr n h rgnzn. hy frqunly dnfy h nd fr ud dn nd nv f h hng nrr h urfng f xng (nd fn rrv) l ud nd ruur, nd blhn f nw nd r lbrng ud nd ruur. h Vrul Culur Ch nd h ur f hng rv wh r lgnd wh h ulur nv f hng vhl fr h nggn nd u f knwldg nd xr h bng rdud nd dfd n xnnl r n ur drn wrld. h rgnznl rrngn, lbld hng by Rnk (2003), vlu dyn nd flxbl nvrnn, r ffvn hrugh dbly nd nnvn, nd vd run whh rvd brng (. 54). h lgnd wh h ulur nd vlu glbl rv nd k xnv u f n, hrd, nd rnv lrnng y. hy r rn n wh h Frdn (2006) drb fl wrld whh h bndnd rgnznl nd nnl bundr. h ldr wh r lgnd wh [h lrnv] ulur urn h wh vlu rnl nn nd rv hr, wll h ngrn f nd, bdy nd r. Ldr wh r lgnd wh [h dvy] ulur urn h wh vlu nfrnn nd qubl, nblng nd wrng rg h brng ll khldr h bl. ( l n f C u h r ( n C w u z

32 32 IJCO Iu Ldr wh r lgnd wh [h vrul] ulur urn h wh k bu lrnng rgnzn. h lgnd wh [h ngbl] ulur nd vlu h rdbly f vlu-bd, f--f hng r. Ldr wh r lgnd wh h ulur urn h wh k bu lrnng rgnzn. A Pr Sng (1990,. 4), n f h rly rnn f h lrnng rgnzn h nd: h rgnzn h wll ruly xl n h fuur wll b h rgnzn h dvr hw l n nd y lrn ll lvl n n rgnzn. Lrnng rgnzn r bl bu, d dwn, w r ll lrnr. Furhrr, lrnr, w d n vd kng rk nd kng k, y w d vd rng h k nd kng h unuful rk. W lrn fr ur k nd (h rv nqury dv wuld ugg) ur u. Ch nd ldr d wh h ulur br ny und un bu hr bly (bh h nd ldr) k n f h frgnn nd bguy h x n h drn wrld. Ch nd ldr nv f h hng nrr lnkng h ldr lrnng nd hnlgl rur h nbl h ldr glbl rk nd lrnng nwrk. h ngbl Culur Ch nd h ur f hng rv wh r lgnd wh h ulur nv f hng vhl fr h dnfn nd rn f n rgnzn r, uny nd ybl grundng. h rgnznl rrngn h nd f h nnuu f h vrul ulur. Lbld bly by Rnk (2003), vlu nd rdrly nvrnn, nurg ffny hrugh y nd dlnd wrk, nd nz hng nd bguy whh rvd druv (. 54). h lgnd wh h ulur nd vlu h rdbly f vlu-bd, f--f hng r. Ldr wh r lgnd wh h ulur urn h wh fu n dly-bddd rn (rdn) n h rgnzn. Culurl-hng hr ndrd bl r unw. A rng h ld n h full rn f h xng nd fn lng-ndng dyn f h rgnzn h h bng fully ruld by h brng n rv rh ldrh (Shrv, Crrdr & A, 1990 ) nd hng (Brgqu, Mrr & Phll, 2004). Ch nd ldr d wh h ulur br ny und un bu h bly f rgnzn whr h r f fddh hng. hy nv f h hng nrr h hnrng nd rngrn f lrnng fr h xng ur f dnv wd ld n hr f rgnzn. L l f Alhugh rgnznl h nd ldr nd br r xlfy n f h x ulur, h hr fv ulur r lwy rn nd nr wh h dnn ulur n n ul hng n. h dyn nrn ng h x ulur rl. W wuld ugg h h ulur h n n whh dnd nd wh whh hr ny fur nd un. hu, h lrnv ulur, whh h vlvd rrly n rn ful d wh h rfnl ulur, nvrhl dndn n nd hr ny vlu nd rv wh h ulur. Slrly, h dvy ulur grw u f n h ngrl ulur, y lk fr dny nd ur nd hr vlu nd rv wh. W lrly ugg h h ngbl ulur h rrd hd n n h vrul ulur lk f knwldgn f h vlu f f--f r hrl n, nd h ngbly nd vruly nd n nhr.

33 33 IJCO Iu Culur nd Mnng A ulur hl dfn h nur f rly fr h l wh r r f h ulur. Pl blng ull gru nd ulur, whh rvd h ln hrugh whh br nrr nd gn vlu h vru vn nd rdu f h wrld. Culur d f rf nd rdu (vbl nd nu nfn), nr nd vlu (gru llv nwr unvrl hllng) nd b un (nvbl nd unnu blf bu unvrl hllng). (Rnk, 2003, ) If w r undrnd nd nflun n nd wn n hr dly wrk nd nrry rgnzn, hn w u undrnd nd fully r hr lly hld dl f rly. Shn gr wh h vw: h b ln fr ldr h f hy d n b nu f h ulur n whh hy r bddd, h ulur wll ng h. Culurl undrndng drbl fr ll f u, bu nl ldr f hy r ld. (Shn, 1992,. 15) Eqully rl fr h rnr undrnd h rulr nr, vlu, nd b un h h hr rv. Ully, ulur rvd gudln fr rbl-lvng, dn kng, nflunng, blhng nd nd drng bhvr. (Rnk 2003,. 42) Mr gnrlly, ulur (bh Bg C nd ll C) rv n vrrhng ur dnn h w fn gnrd n ulurl nly nd rdnl hng rr h ubln f Chng Ar Culur by Rnk n A ulur blhd rund h rdun f hng vlud by br. A ulur d n x fr lf; rhr, L (1990) n, x rvd nx whn whh h rdun nd nun f ndd, wrhwhl, nd quly rdu nd rv n k l. A dr lvl, ulur h llv rgrng f h nd h dnguh br f n gru r gry f l fr nhr. h ulur f rgnzn u hu b undrd whn h nx f h rgnzn ur. h rn, ybl, un, nd d f ldrh n n rgnzn r uully drd wrd h rgnzn ur nd drv fr ulurl b. Prly bu f ubrdn (hugh rl) rl, ulur hnnn luv h, unl xlly rgd, n fn b n nly whn n rgnzn rugglng wh rulrly ld r nrbl rbl fn h wh nrry rgnzn. Culur nd Ldrh: h Cnnn f Anxy Bynd h undrndng f h ulur hlv nd hw hy r fruld, rn fr rgnznl h ndr hw ulur rv h ur f nnng h nxy nd fr h fd by rgnznl ldr. Anxy rd n rln h wrk f h ldr nd h frl nd nfrl r f vlun nd nrng h r d wh h wrk. Anxy l rd nd lvl, h un f n ulur lld wh h f hr ulur. A gru r un nd hu dvl ulur lrn d xrnl run nd blh nrnl ngrn. h gru fl br bu h ulur rvd lun wy f rvng, hnkng, nd flng bu h hllng f. Orgnznl ulur d n hng ly ( h lgnd wh h ngbl ulur nd hz). h fr vry f rn. N h l f h rn h bly f ulur ug h nx nd fr h dvl w d xrnl nflun nd k nrnl ngrn. If h un nd blf un whh ur ulur bd r hllngd hrugh hr xrnl r n- If w r undrnd nd nflun n nd wn n hr dly wrk nd nrry rgnzn, hn w u undrnd nd fully r hr lly hld dl f rly. A u v w r n ( u U ( b n l n P g B b f O r b

34 34 IJCO Iu rnl un, r hrugh n rgnznl hng r, w wll nd r h hllng. W k gnv nd nl bly. W vd fr nd nxy f nbly bu hy rvk n nd w vd n. S w vd hng. Edgr Shn (1992,.23) flly ugg h nxy rld whn b un r unbl. h hun nd nd gnv bly. hrfr, ny hllng r qunng f b un wll rl nxy nd dfnvn. In h n, h hrd b un nd blf h k u h ulur f gru n b hugh f yhlgl dfn hn h r h gru nnu rn vbl. Anxy nd Culur W lng fr n xn h frbl, vn jyful, nd rnly fr fr nguh r urr. Ind, w fnd urlv lvng nrry lf n wrld h flld wh h dnd fr hng nd h nyng dnd fr lrnng. h xn h h hzrd f lrnng r unknwn nd unrdbl, f fr rnl n dffu nxy bu h whh n b lrly dfnd. Culur rvd nnr. I blh rl, rul, ud, bhvr nd r. I rrb wy fr l fl f. Culur rvd rdbly nd rb rn n n nd n rn n h wrld. I y h whn yu r n h ulur yu r n ln. hr r f rl nd rnbl. h hrd b un nd blf h k u h ulur f gru n b hugh f yhlgl dfn hn h r h gru nnu rn vbl. Pyhlg ll u h whn w b nxu, w nd rgr r rv f nd nd flng. W b r lk w wr hldrn. In rulr, w r lkly b dndn, nd lk frwrd bng kn r f by rn wh n rn r urr. h nxy nd rulng dndny fn rv u wll. Anxy, hwvr, ur f jr rbl wh rgrd lrnng. Anxy n nly k l fr brng jr nw lrnng n hr lv, nrbu h nbly r unwllngn f ldr lrn bu hr wn rgnzn nd lrn bu wy hy u nfrn h rgng hllng f ur drn r. W r h nxy blk h rnl nd rgnznl lrnng rqurd n ur nrry y. Whn w h nd ldr undrnd h nur nd ff f h nxy nd nrly wh rgnznl ulur, w wll bgn unrvl ny f h Grdn kn d wh rn lrnng nd hng. Orgnznl Culur Cnnr f Anxy h fundnl nrly bwn h nnn f nxy nd h frn f rgnznl ulur w rfully nd ruvly dund ny yr g by Ibl Mnz Lyh (1988). Sh wr bu wy n whh nur n n Englh hl wh h nxy h nvbly d wh u f hlh, lf nd dh. Mnz Lyh nd hw h hl n whh nur wrkd hld lr r l r h nur fr nxy. Sh uggd h hlh r rgnzn rrly n h bun f rdung h nxy nd h n dly b ll hr funn f h rgnzn r ndry h nxyrdun funn. I flly h ulur f h rgnzn h rv h rry vhl fr ddrng nxy nd r. h ulur f n rgnzn hghly rn hng rly bu hng drly hrn h nfrl y h h bn blhd n h rgnzn hl h wrkng n nfrn nd

35 35 IJCO Iu k n f h nxy nhrn n hlh r. Mnz Lyh brvn hv bn rffrd n ny hr rgnznl ng. Anxy b fund n nrry rgnzn nd ffr rdu h nxy r f rnn rn. Shw n rgnzn h nlnd vk nxy ng ly u dvr r nru buffr h bh l (nn) h nxy nd ddr h rl, dly nd f ly. Hw xly d nxy g ddrd n rgnzn? Mnz Lyh (1988) uggd h g ddrd hrugh h l dfn y h, h rn f nrrnl nd gru rlnh h x n h rgnzn. Ohr rgnznl hr nd rrhr lrly ugg h h rul, run, r, nd nr (l vlu) f h rgnzn hl br f h rgnzn ng nxy nd h rgnzn. Y, h rul, run, r, nd nr r n rnd rn f v. Rhr, hy lur ghr nd fr ngl, hrn dnn f h rgnzn. h ngl, hrn dnn knwn h ulur f h rgnzn. A Edgr Shn (1999) h nd, h ulur f n rgnzn h rdu f h rgnzn u n nfrnng vryng ndn n h wrld. h xn h n rgnzn dv n rndng nd rdung rvv nxy d wh h r f rgnznl lrnng nd rld funn f h nrr, h xng ulur f h rgnzn wll b rnfrd, dn nd b nrngly rn hllng r hng. Rdung h Anxy Prh nrry rgnzn n b rdu h fr f hr ldr, ly nd hr khldr hrugh brngng ghr h dvr rv h h x ulur brng h rgnzn. kn n ln, h f h x ulur rvd vhl h nly rlly uful n rdung h fr nd nx f l bu hr wn lrnng. Furhrr, vn whn uful, h ulur llv nly h y f h nxy n ul ur. Fr nd nxy wll nly b fully ddrd whn l fl h hy r bng frly rvd wh h kll, knwldg, rg nd rur f ll br f h ny rgrdl f ulur. W r h rul r h f h ulur h n n r ffvly whn nd ng h. Wh h knwldg n n l r ffvly nflun nd rv h quly f hng h rqurd n nrry rgnzn. Wh h n f rn, h ulur n b fr fr rvn rhr hn drun n ur rgnzn. Eh ulur n nrbu h lrnng f ldr rhr hn rnfrng lng nd nflxbl un bu h nur nd drn f h nrr n whh h ldr r nggd. Prfnl Culur h rry vhl fr nnng nd lnng nxy n h rfnl ulur r h dnrn f wd nd rdbly n h r f h h. If h n xhb xnv knwldg f h rulr bun n whh hr ln wrkng r f h n xhb brd-bd knwldg f hw rgnzn wrk nd hw ldr ld, hn hr ln lkly fl r nd l vulnrbl h ldrh hllng h h f. If h n hw h h rdnld (uh ICF rfn) r f h n rl hr ln ldrh u f hry (.g., dl f ldrh) r f rrh fndng (.g., I flly h ulur f h rgnzn h rv h rry vhl fr ddrng nxy nd r. b H g n d h r P F f W f r r n P w

36 36 IJCO Iu ldrh n) hn h gn rdbly wh hr ln nd lkly b nflunl n hr hng nrn wh h. Mngrl Culur Whn ldr nd h nr undr h u f h ulur, nxy lkly b nnd nd lnd f h h n rvd rv h yld urbl rul h ldr rv hr rfrn n f wy (uh bng bl nr rvnu n hr drn by 30%). h h lkly b rulrly ffv n rdung h ln nxy, f h rfrn rvn lnkd f rwrd. hu, n nly rn h rvnu nrd by 30%, l rn h h ldr rv ubnl bnu, lry nr, nrd rnbly, r rn n rgnn f hr rvd rfrn. h h wh lgnd wh h ngrl ulur hld n dvng vr h lgnd wh h hr fv ulur wh rgrd h rdun f nxy, bu h n f gl (nd h n lf nxy-rdung). On h hr hnd, wh xl hng gl, hr lwy h dngr h f h gl r n, h nxy f bh ldr nd h wll b nrd, n dnhd. Prh nrry rgnzn n b rdu h fr f hr ldr, ly nd hr khldr hrugh brngng ghr h dvr rv h h x ulur brng h rgnzn. Alrnv Culur h ldr nd h wh r d wh h ulur nd fl l nxu whn h ln fl br, fl r lgnd wh grr ur r hghr lvl f nun, r fl h h h hghr (rul) ur f nrgy r nrn. In ny wy, h ulur ffr h bl nd n vhl fr h rdun f nxy: h ldr n h h hylly r lv, h xrnng l r, r h nrgzd by xrnl wr r rn. hr r n ndrdzd rr fr drnng h u f hng n h ulur. Su n h dfnd by h ln r by h rulr uny f blf nd vlu n whh h f hng r nggd. Advy Culur h f ulur fn flld wh nxy, gvn h nvbly nvlv nfrnn nd nn bwn h hv nd hv n. h ln (r ln y) h rvng h hng lkly fl l nxu whn h fl hrd nd rd. H wll fl vn l nxu f h blv h h bn nflunl n h r() f gr nrn h. A n h f h ngrl ulur, nxy fn rdud n h dvy ulur f h h nd ln n b xl bu hr hng gl. An dvy-rnd h lkly hl hr ln dnfy f wy n whh (nd nd l whn) h n b r nflunl. If nflunl n b d n urbl r, hn h dvy ldr nd h n lbr vry (y l rk h nrd nxy d wh df). P r b Vrul Culur h ldr nd h wh r u f h rulr fr f rfrn r nvlvd n blnng wh rgrd h rdun r lnn f rgnznl nxy. On h n hnd, h h fn n h bun f hllngng h ln wh nw nfrn rgrdng hr drn wrld r wh nw n f n dyn nwrk f rlnh. On h hr hnd, h vrul h l ryng b urv f h ln, rvdng hr wh n f hrn n wrld h flld wh lxy, unrdbly nd urbuln. (Brgqu nd Mur, 2005) h vrul h f dfful k n hlng h

37 37 IJCO Iu ln k n f hr wrld n nly r f dgng lrg un f nfrn; l r f hnkng nd ng vry hgh lvl. Kgn (1994) ugg h w, f h drn r, r n vr ur hd (rnly ur f rfund nxy) nd wuld h h h vrul, drn ldr r rulrly ndd hl hr ln ddr h jr drn hllng. ngbl Culur Gvn h drn hllng fng nrry ldr, bvu h h ngbl h nlly f gr vlu fr ldr lng fr hng rg h r drly lgnd wh h ngbl ulur. hy wn b bl wh hr h f--f; hy k u nd h f. Whn ffv, h h wh lgnd wh h ngbl ulur wll hl r nury n whh hr ln ldr n lk bu nyhng nd fl dly. h hng ln y hv n f gnd, nr d h nrly wn rv h rfrn, fnd hghr lvl f nun, r b r nflunl. H ly wn fnd l whr h n b hlf, lk n wh hld n gnd hr hn bng hr fr h, r ly b lnd by n wh r bu y rnl wlfr. h nd r n ly ruld n frl hng nr. Hwvr, n h f h lrnv ulur, h hng rg d wh h ngbl ulur y b dly ffv n hlng rdu drn nxy hugh h y f hng fn rrvd nly fr h wh uffn wr, wlh r runy n rn wh h (fn n rr ). hu, h ngbl ulur r hn ny f h hr fv ulur fn d wh hng rv h r rrvd fr h l. Bynd nd Bnh h Anxy Our nly wuld ugg h hr r n nly ny ur f nxy d wh ldrh f nrry rgnzn; hr r l ny dffrn wy n whh h n hl llv h ldr nxy. Mny yhlgl hr ugg h hun rv rvdr huld n b n h bun f rdung nxy fr nxy gnl h hng wrng n h lf f h rn bng rvd. h nxy w r lkng bu hr nrl (nd llv) rn r h hl n dl wh n un n h rgnzn n h dblng nxy drdr h b n xv, rrnl drd f vrydy un (NIMH, 2006). Ju n n rn ur f nfrn fr h hlh r rvdr rgrdng h nur f n njury r lln, nxy gh b ur f nfrn bu h ldy fng n rgnznl ldr rgrdng h wn bhvr r brdr y rbl. hu, n rgnznl h gh wh xn h wy n whh hr hng rg nd rv hl n nly llv nxy, bu l rvl h undrlyng rbl() h hv hld gnr h nxy. In h rl w hv dnfd vrl f h rngh d wh h ulur nd h hng rg lgnd wh h ulur. W hv l dnfd f h nl blnd. W nurg h xlr hr wn und un, whl nurgng hr ln xlr wh l bynd nd bnh hr nxy. hr r n nly ny ur f nxy d wh ldrh f nrry rgnzn; hr r l ny dffrn wy n whh h n hl llv h ldr nxy. ( G w w f O w b n ( r W w Rfrn Alvn, M. (2002). Undrndng rgnznl ulur. Nwbury Prk, CA: Sg Publn. Bnn, W. (1989). On bng ldr. Rdng, MA: Addn-Wly. A B

38 38 IJCO Iu Brgqu, W. (1993). h fur ulur f h dy. Sn Frn: Jy-B. Brgqu, W., Gu, S., & Rny,. (2003). Wh wundng h hlr? Srn, CA: Pf Sundng Pr. Brgqu, W., Mrr, K., & Phll, S. (2004). Exuv hng: An rv rh. (Rvd Edn) Srn, CA: Pf Sundng Pr. Brgqu, W. & Mur, A. (2005) n h nd vrn fr drn ldr nd hr h. Srn, CA: Pf Sundng Pr. Brgqu, W., & Pwlk, K. (2007, n r). Enggng h x ulur f h dy. Sn Frn: Jy-B.. Crn, K. & Qunn. R. (2006) Dgnng nd hngng rgnznl ulur. (Rv. Ed.) Sn Frn: Jy-B.. Crvr, R. M. (1992). Adul dun huld rv fr rfnlzn. In M. W. Glbrh nd B. S (Ed.), Cnfrnng nrvr n hllngng : A ll fr n. Nw Drn fr Adul nd Cnnung Edun, N. 54. Sn Frn: Jy-B. Dl,. E., & Knndy, A. A. (2000). Crr ulur: h r nd rul f rr lf. Pru Publhng. Flhry, J. (2005). Chng: Evkng xlln n hr. Ard: Elvr Burwrh-Hnnn. Frdn,. (2006) h wrld fl. [udd nd xndd] Nw Yrk: Frrr, Sru nd Grux. Hul, C. O. (1980). Cnnung lrnng n h rfn. Sn Frn: Jy-B. Kgn, R. (1994). In vr ur hd: h nl dnd f drn lf. Cbrdg: Hrvrd Unvry Pr. Kr, J.P., & Hk, J.L. (1992). Crr ulur nd rfrn. Nw Yrk: h Fr Pr. L, R. (1990) Mngng Crr Culur. Brkfld, V.: Gwr. Mrn, J. Orgnznl ulur; Mng h rrn. (2002). Nwbury Prk, CA: Sg Publn. Mnz Lyh, I. (1988). h funnng f l y dfn gn nxy. Cnnng nxy n Inun, Lndn: Fr An, Mrr, S. B., & Brk, R. G. (1997). h rfn nd r f dul dun. Sn Frn: Jy-B. Nnl Inu f Mnl Hlh, rrvd July 20, 2006 fr h:// Plr, B. (2001). h yhlgy f xuv hng: hry nd ln. Nw Yrk: Brunnr-Ruldg, Pr,. J., & Wrn, R. H. (1982). In rh f xlln: Ln fr Ar b-run n. Nw Yrk: Hrr Clln. Pgrw, A. M. (1979). On udyng rgnznl ulur. Adnrv Sn Qurrly, 24, Rnk, P. (2003). Chng r ulur: Nw l fr lvrgng nnl, rr, nd rfnl dffrn. Lndn: Nhl Brly Publhng. Shn, E. (1985). Orgnznl ulur nd ldrh: A dyn vw. Sn Frn, CA: Jy- B. Shn, E.H. (1992). Orgnznl ulur nd ldrh. (2nd Ed.) Sn Frn, CA: Jy B. Shn, E.H. (1999). h rr ulur urvvl gud. Sn Frn, CA: Jy-B. Slr, A. (2003). Chng h hun ul: Onlgl hng nd d hng. Blkburn, Vr, Aurl: Nwfld Aurl. Sng, P. (1990). h ffh dln. Nw Yrk: Dubldy. Srvv, S., Crrdr, D., & A. (1990). Arv ngn nd ldrh: h wr f v hugh nd n n rgnzn. Sn Frn: Jy-B. Snh, D., Wgr, P., & R, D. (2006). Ingrl nllgn : Unlhng nl n ldr nd rgnzn. Inrnnl Jurnl f Chng n Orgnzn, 4 (3), Wll Brgqu, Ph.D. Phn: El: whbrgqu@l. An nrnnl h nd nuln, uhr f 43 bk, nd rdn f grdu hl, Dr. Brgqu nul n nd wr bu rnl, gru, rgnznl nd l rnfrn. In rn yr, Brgqu h fud n h r f rgnznl hng, hvng -fundd h Inrnnl Jurnl f Chng n Orgnzn nd h Inrnnl Cnru fr Chng n Orgnzn. H grdu hl (h Prfnl Shl f Pyhlgy: PSP) ffr

39 39 IJCO Iu Mr nd Drl dgr n lnl nd rgnznl yhlgy ur, lhd dul. PSP l r n h Chng Alln ul-rgr nv h rvd wrldwd rnng, hng, nulng, ublhng nd rrh rv. Vkk Brk, M.B.A. nd Mr Crfd Ch Phn: El: Vkk@llh. Vkk n xuv nd ldrh h wh vr 20 yr Frun 100 ldrh xrn nd 10 yr uful nrrnur. Sh grdud fr Unvry f Whngn Exuv MBA Prgr n 1989 nd x ln h yr f Ph.D. n Chng nd Hun Dvln fr h Inrnnl Unvry f Prfnl Sud. Hr drn wrk n h vlun f hng n nrvw f vr 150 ky nflunr. Sh ln n ublhng vrl bk dunng Wh Wh n Chng: Wh Shd I, Wh Shng I. An Inrnnl Ch Fdrn Mr Crfd Ch (MCC) n 1998, h l rfd rnr f h Myr-Brgg y Indr (MBI) nd Crfd Exuv Ch (CEC) wh h Wrldwd An f Bun Ch (WABC). In hr bun Cll M Ch nd br f h xuv hng f h Kn Blnhrd Cn, h h hd nuru ldr, l xuv nd h fr Frun 1000 n. Sh hz uhny, llbrn, nd nlun h fundn fr rnl nd rgnznl hlh nd nrd rduvy. B-ln, h ur l wrldwd r u fr nd hlv by hr wn dfnn. h fr Iu Fur (2006) Chng nd Dvry Iu On (2007) Chng nd Cnulng: Ingrn r Dffrnn Iu w (2007) Arv Inqury nd Chng Iu hr (2007) Chng nd Hun Cl Dvln Iu Fur (2007) Chng h Md-Sz Orgnzn

40 40 IJCO Iu Ingrl Inllgn : Unlhng Pnl n Ldr nd Orgnzn Dnn Snh, P Wgr nd Dbb R In h rl, h uhr drb nvl rh hng nd ldrh dvln h u hl dl, Ingrl Inllgn, gnr gnfn xnn f h y nd bly f ldr nd hr. Exl fr hr xrn wrkng wh hry ldr fr h W Dvn f C Cunn, Frun 100 ny, llur h Ingrl Inllgn rh ldrh dvln. Inrd rdr wll b h, ndvdul wh ldrh dvln rnbly n rgnzn, nd ldr nrd n xlrng unqu rh h gnrng wrful rul. A gnfn dnn n h ldrh dvln r h uhr fu n urng ldr n dvlng wrful ldrh rn by bng r nu f h f hr bhvr, ud, nd n n hr ffvn. h wh hy ll Wy-f-Bng, whh ulvd hrugh h dvln f Ingrl Inllgn. Whn bh Wy-f-Dng nd Wy-f-Bng rvd h fundn fr lrnng xrn, h dn fr dvlng h ldr nd fr rdung u rul fr h bun. Wh A I Bng Ldr? h qun h fl n fr bgnnng h Ingrl Inllgn ldrh jurny. Alhugh ldrh jurny r rnl, hy l hv n nru n hr. Fr h rn, w dgnd ur ldrh rgr gru xrn. h rl run h rnl r f w gru f ldr wh ld ur Ingrl Inllgn ldrh rgr C Cunn W Dvn. Brd nd Lnd, br f n f h gru, wrkd ghr n fur br r-funnl dvl hgh-lvl bun vr h ur f fur nh. h ur f h rgr w dlvr ngbl bun rul h nd f h rgr whl, h, dvlng Wy-f-Bng nd Wy-f-Dng fr gru f hgh nl ldr. Wy-f-Bng w urd by lrnng f r h ulv nd xnd h dnn f Ingrl Inllgn. Wy-f-Dng w urd hrugh lrnng f l nd r h dvl ldrh n llbrv. In dgnng h lrnng xrn, w wnd fll vd lf by ldrh rgr h fu nly n wh fn rgrdd h hrd uff f ldrh dvln. ylly h rh fu xluvly n Wy-f-Dng, h k ldr rfr n dng hr wrk. I ur r h hr fu n Wy-f-Bng, whh fn dd h f uff, ld r unbl rnfrn n ldrh dvln. In kng h qun, Wh I bng ldr? w r rlly kng ldr fu n nly n wh hy d ldr, bu l n wh hy r ldr. h dnn fn rn unxnd unl lld u nd d xl fu fr lrnng. A nw ldrh jurny bgn fr n rn n ur rgr, wh w wll ll Brd, wh fund hlf n h fr dy f fur-nh nnv rgr n r full f hnd kd hgh nl ldr. frd, nd h gru dvd n rj nrd by br f h nr ldrh, Brd fl dnv lk f lf-nfdn. A h lkd rund h r nd hrd h hr ldr k nd nrbu, h nfdn nnud bb. On f h r n h rj w rulrly hrd-drvng, rul-rnd fnnl rfnl, Lnd. h wrkd n n n lrnng dl n rl-wrld rj bwn gru n. h wr lf-drd hy wrkd b- W l

41 41 IJCO Iu wn n, wh nrn ur fr Exuv Ch wh n n wrk n nd ffrd hng nd fdbk. Du lrgly h lk f lf-nfdn, Brd bgn whdrw nd l Lnd rry uh f h wrkld. N urrngly, h n fund hlf rzd by hr fr h flur hld u h nd f dlvrng n h wrk rdu. Brd nd Lnd qukly xd hr ldrh dvln dg h rj flundrd, nd h ddln fr rnng hr rj h nr ldrh rdly rhd. Lnd nnud wh hr rul nly fu nd Brd rld furhr n lfdub, ung h hd fld. Whl wrkng wh hr h nd drwng ur fr hr rj nd hr r n h rgr, Brd nd Lnd nnud lrn r bu hr Ingrl Inllgn ldr. Lnd h nurgd hr b dr n ffrng fdbk Brd nd k rnbly fr hlng r nw, v drn fr h. Brd h wrkd wh h n hwng u n n uhn nd urgu wy by dng wh h ddn knw whl brngng h dnv rngh h bl. Brd fud n h Enl nd S (hyl) dnn f Ingrl Inllgn n rdr ulv uhny, urg nd rn h uld r rvly n h ldrh, whl Lnd fu w rrly n h Rlnl dnn, kng bln hr drv fr rul wh h nry rlnh wrk rqurd rdu h. Brd hrd h ldrh ry h nd f h rgr h rfld n wh h hd lrnd. In kng h qun, Wh I bng ldr? w r rlly kng ldr fu n nly n wh hy d ldr, bu l n wh hy r ldr. N h B d d I f d d w w l Whn I w fr nd bu h rgr, I w drwn n bu I wnd lrn r bu Enl Inllgn. I hugh I wuld ju brz hrugh. Wh I hugh I wuld lrn w nhng lk wh I u wh! h xl I ll u f y xrn n h rgr hw, f yu bll f rury, hr n lln nd r ll vr h bl. h wh y lf w lk. My h nd u hw rnlzd I w. In ur fr ng, I rgnzd wh wrful gru f ldr w hd n h rgr. hy wr n frd b 3-D l. I w r lk rdbrd uu. My gl nw b r f 3-D rn, g ll y ll bubbl f rury n n whl rn nd ngr ll h dffrn f y lf. Brd xrnd gnfn rnl rnfrn hrugh h rgr. An ngrl rh hng nd lrnng ruld n ngrn n Brd lf. Rhr hn rhng ldrh hng r b rfrd wrk, r n f ur xuv hng ln d, yur wrk lf nd yur hr lf, h xrn rvdd ur fr Brd lrnng nd grwh whl hun bng. Brd, lk ny hr rr ldr, ud k bu wh I h, nd wh I wrk; hy r r l. H h nw fund n uhn, whr h uh frr hw u h unqu rn h. In h uhn rn h bl furhr n h wr ldr. hrugh hng nd hr nrn wh Brd nd hr, Lnd h dvrd n rn fr ulvng rlnh rl r f gng h wrk dn. I n h rgr nly hnkng bu r nd rul. I w gd h. Wh I v u wh n f lf, wh h rlnh. S f h l I kng wy r B R b h d

42 42 IJCO Iu brhng, nrng ylf nd bng bl k whn I n nfl un nd n run wy fr h. I v lrnd hw b n nqury, whn bfr, I w lwy dvng fr wh I wnd. I nw lnng hr n f vw. I v lrnd urz I n ry br undrnd wh hr r yng. I nw k ylf vrydy, Wh knd f ldr I bng nd wh d I nd k b h knd f ldr I wn b? hrugh nd ndvdul hng fllwng h nd n f h rgr, h bgn l. Brd bgn r h uhry ldr nd hr r f h wrkld nd Lnd bgn b r wr f h f hr bhvr n flng Brd whdrwl. By h l n f h rgr whn hy rnd hr rj h nr ldrh, hy hd glld, wr l n hr hnd-ff n h rnn, nd rvd v rn fr hr wrk. Mny ldrh dvln r h rn fud nly n xrnl bhvr nd u fll hr n hlng ldr k d, unbl hng n hr ldrh. h ngrl r f dvry fr ldr dffr fr ny hr ldrh dvln rh bu fu n Wy-f-Bng, n ddn Wyf-Dng. Whn rhd Wy-f-Dng, ldrh fn urd r judgd n hw ldr rfr hr jb, hr n nd rh, h k hy rfr, hr bhvr, nd h u hy hv. h rr n bun nd rgnzn r u fud, uully n fnnl r, bu ngulr fu, n uffn fr rng rnfrnl hng n vrll ldrh. Mny ldrh dvln r h rn fud nly n xrnl bhvr nd u fll hr n hlng ldr k d, unbl hng n hr ldrh. M r d In h f Brd nd Lnd, Wy-f-Bng, h dvln f Ingrl Inllgn, w bnd wh Wy-f-Dng, h ln f l fr llbrv wrk. h dul fu nrbu n nly d bun rul, bu l dr, rnfrnl grwh n hw h rn nw hw u ldr. Wy-f-Bng wrk k ldr dly n rfln n hr wn rn f bhvr nd wrld vw, nlly nvbl h, nd rvd nw r, whh r rnfrnl hf hy fu n, Wh I bng ldr? Wy-f-Bng nd h Ingrl Inllgn Mdl Ldrh n nly f dng; l f bng. I n nly wh yu d ldr h un. I wh yu r. h dnn rl bu n hw ldr hw u h dffrn gd, r n--gd, ldr fr gr n. Ingrl Inllgn h y, ngr, nd ffvly u ull ur f nllgn gnv, nl, rlnl,, nd rul.

43 Curg 43 IJCO Iu W O R L D O R G A N I Z A I O N I N D I V E A M I D U A L Cgnv Inllgn Rln Auhny A R L G E N I Enl Inllgn Rlnl Inllgn Inrn N I Crvy E L L I G M E E N C Prn Vn Inllgn S Inllgn Srul I N D I V O R G A N I D U A L E A M I Z A I O N W O R L D Pv I, LLC, 2004, ll rgh rrvd A Jn Vnur f Pv I, LLC nd MW Chng nd Cnulng, In. Ingrl Inllgn Mdl Cgnv Inllgn nlud h u f lg, brvn nd nly gnr ffv ln. Enl Inllgn nlud lf-wrn nd wrn f hr nl nd d nd h bly rnd rrly. Rlnl Inllgn nlud bng bl nr ffvly wh hr n rful nd rv nnr. S Inllgn nlud rng fr n bdy, h bly brv nd rnd h bdy lngug f hr, nd wrn f n wn ldrh n. Srul Inllgn bd n dly hld vlu nd n n bly lv wh nng nd ur. h ngrn f ll f h nllgn nf Wy-f-Bng fr ldr by ulvng hr bly ld wh vn, b uhn, rn, urgu, rv, nrnl nd rln. A fud h n Wy-f-Bng k h ldr grw n lf-wrn nd fu n hw h hw u n vry n, vry nrn, nd vry rn. Ingrl Inllgn rvd fundn fr hng nd ldrh dvln, whh gnr gnfn xnn f h y nd bly f ldr nd hr. C f l r d

44 44 IJCO Iu Hrlly, ldr hv fn rld l xluvly n gnv nllgn, n h bly nlyz nd hnk hng hrugh. In rn yr, nl nllgn h l rgd nry ln fr ffv ldrh (Gln, 1995). Our wrk n dvlng Ingrl Inllgn n ldr v h gnv nd nl h nx lvl, whl ulnuly urng h dvln f h hyl (), vlu-bd (rul) nd hun rlnh (rlnl) nllgn. Whn w lk bu ldr wh v u, nr u nd k dffrn, w uully dn k bu wh h ldr d; nd w k bu h qul f ldrh h dnguh h. Dvlng Ldrh Qul Whn w lk bu ldr wh v u, nr u nd k dffrn, w uully dn k bu wh h ldr d; nd w k bu h qul f ldrh h dnguh h. Mr hghly dvld Ingrl Inllgn rul n h grwh f f ldrh qul: uhny, rn, vn, urg, nrn, rln, nd rvy. Svrl yr g, ldng rgnznl lrnng hr nd ldrh dvln nuln Pr Sng, O Shrr, Jh Jwrk nd By Su Flwr nrvwd vr n hundrd ffy ldng n, bun nd l nrrnur dvr wh wuld b rqurd f ldr fr h fuur (2004). Prn w h r y hy fund h rqurd wh hy ll h fld f h fuur. hy dfn rn d lnng, f bng n bynd n rnn nd hrl wy f kng n (2004,.11). Our wrk wh Ingrl Inllgn ur ldr n dvlng rn, whh ny f ur rn drb n f h gnfn u f h rgr. W d In h f wrkng wh ur nd gru f lunn ldr C, w hd f runy hl h dvl hr ldrh n whl rrng rn hr rj wrk h nr ldrh. In h nn, w fud n rn, uhny nd urg. W lyd vrl r, rulrly r h dvl nllgn hrughu h rgr buld uhny, rn, nd urg. h r nludd ng nd brh wrk, nrng nd vng ur bd n ur ldrh n. h r rv bdy h ldrh qul hrugh r. h nn f r, rng hng unl b n bdd hb, fn vrlkd n ldrh dvln. I n hng lk bu rn, bu qu nhr b rn. Hr r brvn fr rn. I hv lrnd wh n hw u nd b rn I d fndng y gf nd gvng bk hr. I hv b r lf-wr f wh hw u. Wh d h bl w wrkng n y nd rul d nd hrugh undrndng hr rn. I hv b r lf-gnrng nd h l wh hv bnfd r y fly, y wrkr, y ny nd ylf. I fund nrng b vry rn nd I u l ylf bfr gng n ng nd bfr ng wrk. I hv bnfd fr h wrk, hv y dr rr, y r, vrybdy I nr wh. I vn r lrn f y kd! I wll u wh I v lrnd by nnung wrk n h r f bng fully rn nd bng vlbl hr.

45 45 IJCO Iu A ldr dn hr y ld fr l h bd h qul, hy r bl ld r wrfully n hr, hr rgnzn nd k brdr n h wrld. Chng: h Cly fr Ingrl Inllgn Ingrl hng (Flhry, 1995) w r nn f h lrnng xrn f bh gru w wrkd wh C. In h fr gru, rn frd r-hng r, wh urd h hr fr h durn f h rgr. In h nd gru, rj f fur rn hd h hr n h nx f lng hr rj wrk. In bh, Exuv Ch, wh l rvd n flr, hd ndvdul, h r r nd h rj. h r r wrkd n dvlng hng bly nd n hr unqu ldrh dvln r, nd h r-funnl wrkd n nv nrd by nr ldrh, wll n hr rnl ldrh dvln ln. h lrnng xrn nnd 4-6 nh nd nludd ndvdul 360- fdbk, rnl ldrh dvln ln, gru n, ndvdul hng, nd r r hng. h wr n h wrk urrd rul f dlng h n nd rng Wy-f-Bng. J Flhry y h Hun bng hng n blgl, nd h rnl dly bddd n h Ingrl Inllgn wrk. S r uh brhng, nrng, nd ng hld h ldr bdy h qul f rn nd uhny. Rlnl nd nl nllgn wr dvld hrugh h u f r nludng dlgu, Arv Inqury nd lrnng bln nqury nd dvy. Prn dvld rul nllgn by lrfyng ur nd vlu nd hr nrbun h grr gd. Ldr lf h rgr n nly hvng hvd hr rnl ldrh dvln gl, bu l wh grr bly h hr dr rr, r nd ur, dng h ff f h rgr dr n h rgnzn. Influn n h Ingrl Inllgn Mdl A w dvld h Ingrl Inllgn dl nd h nung xrn w ruurd fr ldr, w drw un vrl bd f wrk nd hugh. h nlud: l nrun (Grgn, 1999), Arv Inqury (Crddr & Whny, 1999; Wkn & Mhr, 2001;Whny & rn-bl, 2003). W l nrrd n fr h fld f rv ldrh (Buh,2001; Shllr, Hllnd & Rly, 2001; Srvv & Crrdr,1999; Snh, 2004). Addnlly, w ld n fr n lrnng (Argyr, Pun & MLn Sh, 1985; Shön, 1987). W l nrrd wrk n dvlng lrnng rgnzn (Sng, 1990; Whly, 2000), ngrl hng (Flhry), ngrl hlhy (Wlbr, 2000, 2001) nd nl nllgn (Gln,1995;Wngr, 1998). Ky d fr h fld f rnfrv lrnng nd dun (Byd & Myr, 1988; Hrn, 1992; Mzrw, 1991, 2000; Rn, 1994; Yrk & Kl, 2002) nd dul lrnng (Frr, 1995; Knwl, 1998; Klb, 1984; Rgr, 1995) r l ld n ur rh. Sl nrun hugh r h hun bng r knwldg nd nng n rlnh nd rlnh r bul hrugh lngug. Our rgr rn buld rlnh hrugh h r f nqury nd dlgu. Ung Arv Inqury, ur wrk buld fr rngh nd wh wrkng fr ldr nd rgnzn, rhr hn fung n wkn r g. An lrnng rvd h ruur, r n whh l ghr hl h hr lrn fr hr xrn. Our hng dl bd n J Flhry ngrl hng rh, whh k n un h ngrl, ul-fd nur f hun bng nd ffr rful, rrl rlnh bwn h A I f g l 3 W q d l L A & S A S n l 1 M 2 S A

46 46 IJCO Iu Our hng dl bd n J Flhry ngrl hng rh, whh k n un h ngrl, ul-fd nur f hun bng nd ffr rful, rrl rlnh bwn h nd ln. nd ln. h rh dvl nw r nd nw lngug, nd rvd h runy xn rul n rlnh nnn, whh ld lf-rrn, lf-gnrn nd lng-r xnl rfrn. h fur-qudrn dl (nnnl, bhvrl, ulurl nd l) nd h vlvng g f hun dvln r drwn fr Kn Wlbr ngrl hlhy. h wrk n nl nllgn, h nururng f lf-wrn, lf-dln nd hy, hld u blz h h bh nrr h dnn f nllgn nd l v bynd. Fnlly, h rnl f dul lrnng dr nd d rlvn, uny, hnrng h xrn f h lrnr, nd rnn rl gl fr fundn fr h ldrh lrnng xrn. O h n f All f h rh vrl, ur nd nfr n nhr n n ngrl fhn, rulng n rrkbly dffrn lrnng xrn fr ldr. Wh w hv brvd wh zn w hv nrd wh rgr rn n h rr nvrnn h nn fr blhng f fr lrnng, fr llwng vulnrbly, nd fr rhng h nn f ruly, r nrbun grr gd. In vry hr n, w r fndng h wllngn f ldr n hlv whn gru h lrgr bl f hr wn ldrh jurny n urgu nd wrful wy. Ldrh Dvln nd h Sf Suff h nl rn f ldr h Wy-f-Bng ldrh dvln wrk rng fr dfr rn, bu n h u uhy-fly r h f uff. Mny rgnzn nd hr ldr r uh r frbl wrkng n h hrd uff f ldrh: h nubr, h uu, h rnn, nd xr n h bun. h knly k n un h h f uff fll n h gry f n hv, bu n nry. In r, h f uff rlly uh r dfful hn h hrd uff! Anhr rn n h rgr, Drrn, rd nd lhd ldr whn h rrvd h fr n, w hllngd nfrn wh w hldng h bk fr bng fully uhn n h wrkl. H knw f h uld hv h gl, wuld v h h nx lvl f ldrh. On h l dy f h rgr, h hrd h ldrh ry wh h r nd nr ldrh. Fr, h rgr h bn jurny f dfr nd rn h h vlvd n nlghnn nd hn dvln. I n uhy-fly y rn. I dn knw f yu v hd h runy h Orh hw, bu Orh h h unnny bly g l n u. In h rgr, w hd hr Orh [h/flr] h rd l f dfr! A ldr, w hv rd rlun bu urlv nd w dn lk hvng ur rlun hllngd. I v bn hrugh ny ldrh dvln rgr n y rr, bu h w h fr I hd n runy ud ylf nd wh I nd hw I d wh I d. My bgg hllng h hllng f rn. Wh d yu? D yu h rn r d yu, h rl? My hllng h bn fnd h bln nd llw h rl b rn whn I ngg wh hr. h wh I lrnng hw d. Fr Drrn, wh w lrdy n lhd ldr whn h nrd h rgr, fu n Wy-f-Bng, r h f uff, urnd u b h wrful ly fr h nnung grwh ldr.

47 47 IJCO Iu h Cln Prv h xrn fr h w gru w wrkd wh C W Dvn hd wh dffrn ln, bd n h nd rul ugh fr h gru. Fr h fr gru, h ln wnd ldr grw hng bly nd uhny, wll dvl ldrh bnh rngh r f h ny un lnnng r. h bun fr h nd gru w l bd n h rgnzn nd dvl bnh f ldr wh uld ngg h full rn nd n f hr n dnrlzd, f d, dyn nvrnn. h ln wnd dvl ldr wh uld ld nd nflun r funnl ln, h nd dvl fuur ldr, y nrd nd fud n h d f hng nd dlvr xnl bun rul. P ldrh rgr fr h dvn hd fud rrly n wh ldr d hy rfr hr wrk, hr Wy-f-Dng, nd hy hd n bn uful drd n rdung h lng-r unbly nd lf-gnrv quly h w ndd rnfr hr rgnznl bly. Our ln, Dbb R, Snr Drr f Lrnng nd Dvln fr C W Dvn, urzd h ny xrn wh ur Ingrl Inllgn rgr. Wh h ur f fw ky nr ldr whn h ny, w wr bl k l f fh nd ngr h Wy-f-Dng rh wh fu n hw ldr r hwng u, r Wyf-Bng. Whn ur rgnzn ulur, h nn h f uff w fry n h unknwn nd rk, bu h rly rul hv fr xdd ur xn. W wr ruk by h grud ur ldrh rgr rn xrd fr h runy xlr hr wn ldrh whn h lrgr nx f wh hy r ndvdul, nd by h ur nd nggn nr ldrh dnrd h rn hrd hr ldrh r. W r nfdn h w nnu rvd ur fr ur ldr grw hun bng, w wll b bl dnr unbl rurn n nvn fr h bun. h Rul Hvng rd ny yr n h r f ldrh dvln nd rgnznl dvln, w wr rulrly nrd n bh h unbly nd lbly f h lrnng xrn. Hw fn d yu hr n y h h n r rgr w gr, bu h lrnng w qukly l whn rn rurnd wrk? Our blf w h bnn f ndvdul hng, r hng, gru n nd xrnl lrnng nd r vr wuld bdy lrnng h rn wuld nnu n hr ldrh lrnng h fr h rgr w l. Bd n -n d w hv rvd, ur blf r rdbl, rdng ur ln, Dbb R. Irvng h ny ldrh bnh rngh h bn n gnfn rul f h rgr. Whn w nh f lng h fr Ingrl Inllgn rgr, hr f h rn n h fr gru hd bn rd nd n hd rvd gnfn nhnn f jb, rulng n 25% nr n bnh rngh. w ndvdul wh wr rd d h wh hy lrnd n h rgr gv h h lvrg hy ndd v h nx lvl f ldrh n hr rr. Hvng rd ny yr n h r f ldrh dvln nd rgnznl dvln, w wr rulrly nrd n bh h unbly nd lbly f h lrnng xrn. F P w S r H v b l l

48 48 IJCO Iu Fllwng h nrvw r fr h nw jb, Bll, rgr rn hrd: h nrvw r w vry hllngng. hr wr hr nrvw bk bk fr fv hur nd h w dffrn yl f nrvw. I hv hnk yu fr h b f y hr fr h rnng nd ur yu hv gvn. Ulzng h nw l, I hnk I rlly h h bll u f h rk! Sunbly r lrnng kn w nd ky gl fr ur ln. Dbb hrd h rul d n h ky dnn. In -n d lld n h fr gru nn nh fr rgr nn nd hr nh fr ln, ll rndn rld h % f rgr nn w lbl hr wrk nd 100% rrd h hy hd bn bl un hr lrnng uh f h. Addnlly, 100% f rndn n bh rgr ndd hr nnn nnu wrk wh hr r h r hr rj br fllwng rgr ln. A hrd gl fr C w h wh rn lrnd uld b dd hrughu h rgnzn hy hrd hr lrnng nd dld nw Wyf-Bng wh hr. Su, rgr rn, d h n n hr -n urvy. h rgr w qu bnfl ll r f y lf. I ly fr fundn dvl ldr wh h dr dvl dr rr nd fr hlhy rlnh whn h rgnzn nd r funn. I rnlly fl h wh I lrnd nd gnd fr h xrn ngu h rl f nflun I hv dy n ll r f y lf. I hv bn bl un uh f y lrnng by nnung fu n h n rgulr b. I nnu k fr fdbk fr y r, lly f I fl ylf lng bk n ld hb. A r f y dvln ln, I v bn bl b r n hr l d nd uggn rhr hn ng y wll n l. h rbud n lrg r y lf-brvn nd bng bl rly n y r nwrk fr fdbk. 92% f rn n h fr gru nd 100% f rn n h nd gru d hy wuld rnd h rgr llgu. Anng h ldr f dvln bjv w nhr ky bjv, w d rn n bh rgr wh 360º n l bfr h rgr nd gn, by h gru f rndn, hr nh fr h rgr ndd. W urd h ldr ndvdul dvln gl, wll h Ingrl Inllgn ldrh qul. A h f h wrng, h fr gru -n d fr hr rr hd bn ld wh h fllwng rul: 100% f urd ndd h rn lvrgd hr ldrh rngh fn r nnly. 84% f h urd ndd h h rn hwd gnfn r xnl rvn n hr ndvdul dvln r. 79% f h urd hwd gnfn r xnl grwh n h dvln f h Ingrl Inllgn ldrh qul: rln, rn, rvy, vn, uhny, urg nd nrn. Addnlly, 92% f rn n h fr gru nd 100% f rn n h nd gru d hy wuld rnd h rgr llgu. h fr gru rd hr fn f h rgr 4.58 n 5-n l nd h nd gru, l

49 49 IJCO Iu In ddn rul, Dbb k f h fu n hgh vlu n rn ndrn fr C n ddng v frwrd wh h Ingrl Inllgn rgr. Bu f h wy h rgr dgnd, w hr ldr n r fr h f n Exuv Chng nr, h w hgh vlu rn fr ur rgnzn. h f, uld wh h dvln f bun fr ky bun rj n h rgnzn n h nd gru, huld rvd h ny wh gnfn rurn n nvn vng frwrd. h Irn f Hl Arh h Ingrl Inllgn rgr k rngh-bd, ul-fd nd ngrd rh ddr Wy-f-Dng nd Wy-f Bng n rdr hv ffv bun rul. Wh w r lrnng fr rn h h rh rvd lvrg fr rl dn-kng, xnd h ldr rrr f h, nd r h nrgy nd rln nry fr h ufully ddr h lxy f hr vr-hngng, f-vng wrld. h Ingrl Inllgn xrn n h bly fr grr nrbun by rn, hr, nd h hy ld nd ng, whl brdnng h nx fr ldrh. Prn rr fyng hr yrnng ld n wy h unlh rnl, nd rgnznl rvy nd nl. h ldr r ulvng grr uhny n ll ng, ldng dr, r nnd nggn n wrk nd lf. In n rgnznl ng, h Ingrl Inllgn rh dvl ndvdul ldr, nhn ldrh bnh rngh fr nrnl un, nd r r hv, ffv. Prh rnly, h hl rh ldrh dvln hl ldr nf h dr f bng h ldr hy k b. I r I P g d h b Rfrn Argyr, C., Pun, R., & MLn Sh, D. (1985). An n: Cn, hd, nd kll fr n rrh nd nrvnn. Sn Frn, CA: Jy-B. Byd, R., & Myr, J. (1988). rnfrv dun. Inrnnl Jurnl f Lflng Edun. 7, (4) Buh, G. (2001). Clr ldrh: Hw undng ldr k hlv undrd, u hrugh h uh, nd hl vryn g rl wrk. Pl Al, CA: Dv-Blk. Crrdr, D. & Whny, D. (1999). Arv nqury. Sn Frn, CA: Brr-Khlr. Flhry, J. (1998). Chng: Evkng xlln n hr. Nrn, MA: Burwrh-Hnnn. Frr, P. (1995). Pdggy f h, rlvng dggy f h rd. Nw Yrk: Cnnuu. Grgn, K. (1999). An nvn l nrun. Lndn: Sg. Gln, D. (1995). Enl nllgn. Nw Yrk: Bn. Hrn, J. (1992). Flng nd rnhd. Lndn: Sg. Knwl, M. (1998). h dul lrnr: h dfnv l n dul dun nd hun rur dvln (5h dn). Hun, X: Gulf Publhng. Klb, D. (1984). Exrnl lrnng: Exrn h ur f lrnng nd dvln. Englwd Clff, N.J: Prn-Hll. Mzrw, J. (1991). rnfrv dnn f dul lrnng. Sn Frn, CA: Jy-B. Mzrw, J. & A. (2000). Lrnng rnfrn: Crl rv n hry n rgr. Sn Frn, CA: Jy-B. Rn, P. (1994). Prn n hun nqury. hund Ok, CA: Sg. Rgr, C. (1995). A wy f bng. Nw Yrk: Hughn Mffln. Shllr, M., Hllnd, B. & Rly, D. (2001). Arv ldr: In h y f h bhldr., N.M: Inu. Shön, D. (1987). Edung h rflv rnr. Sn Frn, CA: Jy-B. A f B 7 B C F F G G H K d K w M M R R S N S

50 50 IJCO Iu Sng, P. (1990). h ffh dln. Nw Yrk: Dubldy/Currny. Sng, P., Shrr, O., Jwrk, J., & Flwr, B. (2004). Prn: Hun ur nd h fld f h fuur. Cbrdg, MA: h Sy fr Orgnznl Lrnng. Srvv, S., & Crrdr, D. (Ed.) (1999). Arv ngn nd ldrh: h wr f v hugh nd n n rgnzn. (Rvd Edn). Euld, OH: Wll Cu Publhng. Snh, D. (2004). Dvlng h hr f ldr: h f n rv ldrh nd ngrl hng rgr n h dvln f hlh r ldr. Unublhd drl drn, Clfrn Inu f Ingrl Sud, Sn Frn, CA. Wkn, J., & Mhr, B. (2001). Arv nqury: Chng h d f gnn. Sn Frn, CA: Jy-B/Pfffr. Wngr, H. (1998) Enl nllgn wrk. Sn Frn, CA: Jy-B. Whly, Mrgr. (2000) urnng n nhr: Sl nvrn rr h h fuur. Sn Frn, CA: Brr-Khlr. Whny, D. & rn-bl, A. (2003). h wr f rv nqury: A rl gud v hng. Sn Frn, CA: Brr-Khlr. Wlbr, K. (2000). A brf hry f vryhng (2nd d.). Bn, MA: Shbl. Wlbr, K. (2001). N bundry: Ern nd wrn rh rnl grwh. Bn, MA: Shbl. Dnn Snh Phn: El: dnn@vll. Dnn Snh Prdn f Pv I, LLC ( nd h bn rvdng Exuv Chng, Orgnzn nd Ldrh Dvln Srv fr wd vry f ndur nd rgnzn nludng C, Hwl-Pkrd C, Shr Hlhr, h Arn Mdl An, UC Brkly, h Cy f Brkly, h Sn J Unfd Shl Dr nd h Nnl Srv Ldrh Inu n Sh rfd Ingrl Ch, hld Mr n Hun nd Orgnzn rnfrn nd urrnly Ph.D. ndd h Clfrn Inu f Ingrl Sud, whr hr rrh fud n dvlng Ingrl Ldr. Sh V Prdn f Prfnl Ch nd Mnr An Nrhrn Clfrn nd wrk djun fuly n h rfnl hng rgr Jhn F. Knndy Unvry nd n h MBA Prgr Hly N Unvry. A ulr nfrn kr, Dnn h -uhr f n ung bk, Pv Qun fr Ch nd hr wrk furd n w bk, h Pwr f Arv Inqury: A Prl Gud Pv Chng nd h Pur f Yur Lf. P Wgr Phn: El: [email protected] P Wgr, Prdn nd CEO f MW Chng nd Cnulng, ffr xuv hng nd nulng rv n rgnzn nd ldrh dvln nd ffvn. Sh h hld nr ldrh n n nubr f n nludng A&, Fdly Invn, nd Dgl Equn Crrn, whr h gnd wdrd r ldr f llbrv rgnzn, nd uful ldr f lrg-l rgnznl hng, nludng rgy hf, rruurng, rgnznl lgnn nd rgr nd qun. Sh hld Mr n Adul Edun nd Inrunl hnlgy fr h Unvry f Wyng, nd h ld dvnd ud n vul lrnng nd nrunl dgn h Unvry f Iw. Sh rfd ngrl h nd rfnl flr.

51 51 IJCO Iu Dbrh R Phn: El: dbrh_r@bl.. Dbrh R h Snr Drr f Lrnng & Dvln fr C Cunn W Dvn, whr h rnbl fr h lrnng rgy fr 13,000 ly. Sh h hld ld Lrnng nd Dvln n h fld nd rr lvl fr vrl lrg lunn n, whr h w rnbl fr ldrh nd xuv dvln, rgnzn ffvn nd rnl rnng nv. Prr hr nur n h lunn ndury, Dbrh w h An Dn fr Crr Dvln & Pln h Unvry f Dnvr Dnl Cllg f Bun, whr h bul h nr rnbl fr h ln f h hl Exuv nd Full- MBA udn. Dbrh hld Mr f Edun n Hun Rur Dvln fr Clrd S Unvry, nd rfd xuv h nd Snr Prfnl n Hun Rur. D P E D C w P M P

52 52 IJCO Iu kng h Ld: Effvn f Mdulr Chng Prgr fr rnfrnl Ldrh Dvln Ndjhd Hbnr nd Krn Hnzdrf, PhD. h rn udy nrn h vlun f h LdrhCrl (LC) hng rgr dgnd fr ldrh dvln, bnng ndvdul nd gru hng, nrv lrnng nd buddy hng. In rdr xz lrnng nd ul rnfrn n ldr, h ngrl rv w hn h fr f rfrn fr ll nrvnn. h hrl bkgrund nd n bhnd h LC wll b xlnd nd h rng rul f h nnvv rh rnl rnfrn f ldr r rnd. I wll rrhd f h n f h rn fr drnng h u f ny rgnzn h quly f ldrh (Bl l., 2005). d hr r ndl dl drbng rr rg nd f uful ldr. h n qun fr rfnl (uh HR ngr, h, nd rnr), hwvr, ll rn: Hw r wrful ngh nd lng rnfrn n bhvr gnrd? h nwr h qun drn h u (nd hrby h vlu) f ly rnng nd hng nv. On f h n hllng r b h ngrn f knwldg n fundnl lvl whr fr nbl hf n nd fllwd by hf n bhvr. rdnl rnng rgr fn d n n h qunu l fr undrndng n rnfrng d-rd nd nd bhvr. h vlubl knwldg wll rn urfl nd whu lng ff f n ruly ngrd n ur bng. Shr r hng n rnng rgr d fn ur hwvr, brvbl rnfrn nng hf n n nl, gnv nd bhvrl lvl ld k l. rdnl rnng rgr fn d n n h qunu l fr undrndng n rnfrng d-rd nd nd bhvr h flur f rnng rgr rnfr bhvr w l dnrd n h drn rj f n f h uhr (Hnzdrf [né Pruh], 2002). h udy vlud rnly rnng rgr dgnd nbl ngr u hr vn nd vln nr rnl wll-bng nd rfrn. Rul fr h vlun udy uggd h rnng ln n uffn rdu lng ff n rn. h uhr rgud fr h ur f hng n rdr nbl rn ngr nw knwldg, undrnd nd xlr n, nd gnr ngh whh wll ubqunly r hf n nd nd bhvr. In rdr nvn HR ngr nd hr dn kr n rrn nv n hng nv, h nd h hllng f dnrng h hng n n f b h ng lnk bwn qurng gnv undrndng nd ngrng knwldg n lvl d nugh rdu brvbl hf nd urbl rul. S f h rnbl f HR ngr, rnr nd h n

53 53 IJCO Iu dlng wh nrnl nd xrnl ln nl: bng vn; nrng wrk; lwrng h nubr f k lv; hghnng n, rvy, nd nnvn; nd (l bu n l) nrng rduvy. S h qun w kd w: Hw n hng ur ldr b h undng ldr hy n b, ldr wh n -r wh hr rh h nd vn r bu gl? Sruur f h Prgr h LdrhCrl (LC) w dgnd fr dvlng ldr n h bun uny wll ldr fr h ubl r. In rdr hv xu, h LC hng rgr w dgnd dvl ldr by fung n hr rnl rnfrn. h LC bnn f ndvdul nd gru hng, nrv lrnng nd buddy hng ( Fgur 1). Fgur 1. Ldrh Crl Prgr Sruur Durn: 4 nh 1x gru hng 1x ndvdul hng 1x lhn nfrn 1x gru hng 1x ndvdul hng 1x lhn nfrn 1x gru hng 1x ndvdul hng 1x lhn nfrn 1x gru hng 1x ndvdul hng 1x lhn nfrn buddy h :: dvln dry :: hwrk Prgr Cnn nd hrl Fundn h Fgur gl 1: f Cnn h LC f h nrdu LdrhCrl rn n ngrl rv f ldrh wh rulr h n vn ldrh k fr y rv (Munn & Zbndn, 2003). W d rulr nn n dgnng h rgr h un h rnfrn r r lkly ur f h hun nd fr nrl, rlnh, nd hllng r fulflld (Shd-ngr, 2004). Cnrl. Prn rn h nrl f (nd rnbly fr) hr lrnng r, rgr nd durng ll. hy r nurgd k lrnng jurnl n whh dun ngh, qun nd lf-dfnd lrnng gl. Nurlly, h rn l dd n h b xlrd durng hr ndvdul hng n. Prn r nnly nurgd ly nd d ll l nd dl n hr rnl wrk nvrnn. h rulng brvbl hf n rn` bhvr n urn rdud v brvbl rn nd fdbk fr llgu (nd fn vn fr u). h v xrn nhnd h rnfrv r, hfd nd lngly nd rnghnd h rn n dvl nw rg nd bhvrl rn fr ld rbl. W d rulr nn n dgnng h rgr h un h rnfrn r r lkly ur f h hun nd fr nrl, rlnh, nd hllng r fulflld.

54 54 IJCO Iu Rlnh. Equl h w ld n rnl buddy n bwn rn (rng h nh), r nrn durng h gru ll, nd hng ll wh rnl h. h ull nrn rdud n nn nd fn uhng xrn f bng urd hrugh rlnh. In ny, h frd rlnh hv grwn n frndh fr lf. By hr v nd lun-fud nur, h nw rlnh funn wrful rl dl fr hr rlnh nd nd ud f h wrk nx. Chllng. h gru hng nd xr ln f h LC x h rn h ngrl rv nd rvdd h wh rl l nrr n hr ldrh bhvr. h r nvl n fr ny rn hy hllng ld blf rn nd rqur h nw bhvr b d. Fr xl, lyng y, lun-fud vwn ldrh qun xrnd hlful, nrng nd rvkng. h gl f h LC n rn ldr h, bu rhr (1) rvd ldr wh f uful l fr lf-rfln wll unn, nd (2) ur h d nw nd rund wh k h n undng ldr. Ldrh fr n Ingrl Prv In rdr gv h LC nf, y nuv, frwrk, w lnkd ll LC nn h Ingrl hry drbd by Wlbr (2001) ( fgur 2). Ardng Ingrl hry nry ndr l fur dffrn rv n drbng h gnv, nl, l, rul, hyl, nd bhvrl dvln f hun. h fur rv r vulzd n fur qudrn. (h uhr n h Ingrl hry uh r lx. Hwvr, du rrn rgrdng h lngh f h rl, nly h fur qudrn r uhd un n h x. Pl rfr h rgnl ubln fr dr undrndng f Ingrl hry). Qudrn ur lf (UL) drb h nrnl rrnn f n ndvdul ( Wh I? Wh y nrnl rly? Wh nd h I hld r urng y nd hr grwh nd dvln? Whh nd d I wn hllng? ). Qudrn ur rgh (UR) drb h xrnl rrnn f n ndvdul ( Wh bhvr f ylf nd hr n I brv? Whh n I buld n? Whh bhvr d I wn dfy r hllng? ). Qudrn lwr lf (LL) drb h nrnl rrnn f gru ( Wh h ulur whn ur y? Wh vlu d w r n? ), nd Qudrn lwr rgh (LR) drb h xrnl rrnn f gru ( Whh y d w ly h hndr r ur h gl w wn hv? Whh y nd ruur nd b lnd? ). Fr rl vwn, h fur qudrn f h Ingrl hry ffr hrn frwrk n whh vry dl nd vry hd n b rgnzd nd u n rln hr dl nd hd hndlng dffrn f hun rly. h gl f h LdrhCrl rnghn n n h f h fur qudrn nd gnrlly nr h rn y fr brvn, lf-rfln nd ngh.

55 55 IJCO Iu Fgur 2: h Fur Qudrn f Ingrl hry (Wlbr, 2001) I Inrr/Indvdul (Innnl) Fr xl:.g.: lf-n, vn, nd I I Exrr/Indvdul (Bhvrl) Fr.g.: xl: brvbl brvbl bhvr f f ylf nd nd hr WE Inrr/Cllv (Culurl) Fr xl:.g.: Culurl nr, rl dl I(lurl)/hy Exrr/Cllv (Sl) Fr xl:.g.: brvbl brvbl ruur nd y F gur 2: h Fur A rulr Qudrn h f Ingrl hry u n (Wlbr, h y 2001) rh, hdlgy ld n h LR qudrn. h y rh llw fr dr undrndng f h dyn f h y n whh l r nd nbl rn rfl n hr rl nd rlnh whn hr y nx (Rdz, 2000). Orng fr lun-fud nd k bl fr rn dfn nd fnd lun nd f nqurng dr n rbl. In hr wrd, h LC nnully nurg lun-fud qun, uh Wh d w wn nd hw d w g hr? rhr hn Wh h rbl, hw w rd nd wh ful? A bnhrk fr ldrh dvln, h vn r ldrh k fr y rv r ud (Munn & Zbndn, 2003), whh gn n b rbud n r r f h fur ngrl qudrn: 1. Cur h nng nd dvln f h nr y wh ll nn. In rdr k ffv dn, ll nn f y nd b ndrd fr -rv. Uful qun r: Wh h urrn un? Wh r h khldr? Wh ff wll hng n n r r drn hv n h r f h y? Wh r h rlnh bwn h dffrn nn nd l whn h y? Wh hng uld hv h v wrful? 2. k nd hw wnrh f h ldrh n. Elly yung ldr, l wh hv bn rd n ldrh n bu dn fl hy hv h kll ld, r ldr wh rng nd b lkd fn fll n h r f n fllng hr ldrh rl. Dnn bwn ldng nd ldrh r d nd ldr r nurgd dfn hw kng nd hwng wnrh n b n uhn xrn f hr rnly. 3. Cr r fr lun nd dvr lun. kng h ldrh rl fr ny ldr ll l kng full rnbly fr rgy wll u. h dvng fr rng r fr -dvln f lun wh hr r xlrd nd d n rl wrk un. Orng fr lun-fud nd k bl fr rn dfn nd fnd lun nd f nqurng dr n rbl. F gur 2:

56 56 IJCO Iu Inlud nd wr -wrkr. In rdr nlud nd wr -wrkr, brvn bu h -wrkr f rngh, ln nd nd u b d. Obrvn fundnl kll h rd durng h LC rgr. 5. Aknwldg nd hnr h nrbun f (nr) -wrkr. Fr y rv rn h vryn, n rulr h wh hv bn r f y h lng, r knwldgd fr hr nrbun. Dgnfd wy xr nr grud hr r xlrd. 6. Pr nd xr n uhnlly. In rdr b n nd rd n funn bu rhr rn wh rulr funn whn h y, vl fr h rn hldng h ldrh rl xr n uhnlly. Prn r gudd dvr nd xr hr wn nd n wy h r h nd f vryn l nvlvd. Br nd dr hun nnn r rdud h nr h quly f wrk lf whn h. 7. Inv n rnl dvln. ruly undng ldr r l wh vlu rnl dvln nd hv rfd hr bly fr lf-rfln. hr qu n nly b r ffn bu l b r hun. hy hv dvrd h undng rul r r lkly b rdud by -wrkr wh r llwd brng nll, hr nd ul h wrkl vry dy. h ngrl ln hu ffr uful frwrk n nly fr h vn ldrh k bu l fr ll xr nd hd ld furhr h lf dvln f ldr. h hd bn hl wh dvr ldrh hllng uh (1) dvlng lf-wrn hrugh brvn, gl-rnd nd rful unn wh ndvdul, (2) wrful lrnng hw dr gru nd r, nd (3) nrng fun nd hur n h wrk l. hrughu h rgr, lrnng urd by n xrnl rh. Nwly qurd kll r ld n uln durng h gru hng dy, fllwd by hr ln n rl lf un. h hng rh nur h rn nvr fl blgd d h l fhnbl ldrh dl, bu rhr fl urd n hr brvn f wh wrk nd wh ffv gnr v rlnh wh lf nd hr. Rurrn dun n r r ll gru bu brvn nd ngh dn h undrndng nd r ngrn f nw bhvr. h hng rh nur h rn nvr fl blgd d h l fhnbl ldrh dl, bu rhr fl urd n hr brvn f wh wrk nd wh ffv gnr v rlnh wh lf nd hr. Eh rn nld l n ndvdul hng n vr h lhn bwn h gru hng dy. Prn u h ndvdul hng n du f rnl hllng nd lr lun h hv vlvd durng h gru hng dy f hr rnly nd ldrh yl. Addnlly, h rn l n gru br vry nh b h r hr buddy. h buddy r n wkly n, urng n nhr n hr lf-dfnd hwrk, nd xhng xrn nd fr lvng rbl. f Rrh Mhdlgy nd Rul Our hyh w h h bnn f h dffrn ln (ndvdul nd gru hng, buddy, dvln dry) wuld r rfln, lrnng nd lng hf n h vn ldrh k. h vlun rul f w gru f 16 ldr fr h ubl r (hl rnl f vru hl y) r rnd n h udy.

57 57 IJCO Iu Gru Nubr f Prn Sx Shly Nubr f hr n Sff Gru A 16 l: 13 fl: 3 ndry hl: 1 lnry hl: 3 hgh hl: 6 vnl hl: 2 Junr hgh hl / ndry hl: 3 dggl hl: 1 <30: : : : : : : 2 >90: 2 Gru B 16 l: 13 fl: 3 ndry hl: 3 lnry hl: 5 hgh hl: 5 vnl hl: 2 Junr hgh hl / ndry hl: 1 <30: : : : : : : 2 >90: 2 bl 1: Drn f Prn bl 1 : Drn f Prn An nrvnn n b rd ffv whn dnrbly rdu uffnly nnv r ubnl hng rlng h rgr f gl. Furhrr, d by Hgr (2000) bu nrvnn n h rl f rnng, hng, r hry, ffvn nd b dnrd rnfr vr (rn, durn). W hu d h xn whh: ) h rgr nhnd h lf-rvd n f h rn n rlzng h vn k f ldr, nd b) hr rn hd lf-rvd n hr hl nvrnn. Prgr nd rn rgr w vlud by dlvrng h qunnr hr urn n fr h gru A: h fr rr nrng h rgr, h nd fr ln f h rgr nd h hrd fv nh fr ln. On ddnl urn n w hduld fur nh rr h bgnnng f h LC fr h gru B. h qunnr w dgnd flly rg nd nd lf-rrd bhvr rgrdng h vn ldrh k nd nnd 62 h wr urzd n vn n l. h r- llwd nvgn f h bly f h urd ff fr h rn hd lrdy lf h rgr nd hu l r f hr nrrnl ur. h Dlyd-rn nrl-gru dgn (Nk & Mnz, 1996) llwd fr h rn f vrn n rn rn whh r h dr rul f rn n h LC fr vrn ud by unrld fr, uh bng xd A n n P n h Pr-/-/gru ln 4 nh 5 nh Gru A 1 LC 2 3 Gru B 1 2 LC nh 4 nh 5 nh n-gru-ln whn-gru rn Fgur 3. 3: xrnl Exrnl dgn Dgn f h f LC h vlun LC Evlun udy Sudy F F

58 58 IJCO Iu h qunnr r hr urn ff (Pruh, 2002). In rdr ur nd dnr l gnfn, h ll gnud f ff hd w ud. h rh h w n dvng vr ly lulng gnfn: frly, ndndn fr l z, nd ndly, ndrn f vrn. rv gnfn f h LC w fllwd h rqurn fruld by Chn (1988) nd Brz & Dörng (1995) h vrfbl Clfn f ff z ll du lrg - fr dndn l (whn gru rn) 0,20 0,50 0,80 Inrn (bwn gru rn) 0,10 0,25 0,40 bl 2: Clfn f Eff Sz (Brz, 1995) bl 2: C lfn f E ff Sz (B r z, 1995) Pr üfung dr Wrkkhyh f hyh 1) Vrglh 1) Whn nnrhlb gru rn dr Grun 1) Pr üfung 1) dr f hn l rdn Vrhrgn - n -ng dd - - fr dndn für bhängg l Shrbn 1. Chng Vr ändrung n rdn n vrhrg nfr - knfrr drn? Rhung? 2. l h gnfn Sgnfknz fr für d Exrnlgru gru A?? H 1,1 : μµ EG(N) (M) - μµ EG(V) (M) > 0 Vrhrgknfr Prdn nfr l h Ingnfknz ngnfn fr für gru d B? Knrllgru (Wrgru )? H 0,2 : μµ KG(N) (M) - μµ KG(V) (M) 0 1. y j 2. y j y j 2. n nn j y nn, n, bu llrdng hng nvr - ändrung rdn nfr n vrhr - gknfrr drn. Rhung 1b) Pr üfung 1b) dr f yhlghn yhlgl rdn Vrhrgn - Cluln Brhnung f ff dr z Effkgr ößn grßr lrg r- Vrhr ff -Nhhr fr gru -Effk A b dr Exrnlgru d= 0,80 Aublbn bn f lrg n ff grßn n rdn Effk n dr vrhrgknr nrdng drn ärn Rhung fr gru b B dr Knrllgru (Wrgru ) 2) Vrglh 2) Bwn zwhn gru rn dn Grun 2) Pr üfung f h dr l hn rdn- Vrhrg nrn Inrkn - fr w-frl -- nr rdurn Mwdrhlungvrnznly nly f vrn H 1,3 : [μ [µ EG(N) (M) - μµ EG(V) (M) > 0 ] - [μ [µ KG(N) (M) - μ] KG(V) (M) ] > 0 bäg? nfrd? j/ y/ nn zwfkrlln n Fgur 4: Prdur fr Hyh ng 2b) Pr üfung f yhlgl dr yhlghn rdn Vrhrg luln f Brhnung ff z dr Effkgr öß Ergbn rul: lrg : grß ff Effkgr z; d= öß; 0,40 d= 0,40 Bägung Cnfrn dr Wrkkhyh f hyh Fgur 4 : Prdur

59 59 IJCO Iu l gnud f ff huld hw n ff z f 0,8 r hghr. Fgur 4 vulz h l rdur fr ng h hyh: h nly f h LC d fr gru A lrly hw n ff z f 0,8 nd bv fr ll vn ldrh k bu n (ldrh k #5: Aknwldg nd hnr h nrbun f (nr) -wrkr). In h nd gru, gru B, ll vn l rhd h ff z f 0,8 r bv. h rul n b kn l vrfn fr h ffvn f h LC nrvnn. h fur nh -urn nfrd h ff z hghr hn 0,8 b bl, whh ur h F f v Abluly ru 6 5 4,9 4,8 4,7 4,6 1. Cur h nng nd dvln f h nr y wh ll nn 2. k nd hw wnrh f h ldrh n 3. Cr r fr lun nd dvr lun 4. Inlud nd wr -wrkr 4,5 4,4 4,3 4,2 4, A nd hnr h nrbun f (nr) -wrkr 6. Pr nd xr n uhnlly 7. Inv n rnl dvln N ru ll 3,9 1, * Fgur 5: Rul f LdrhCrl Gru A. Mn Vlu f h Svn Sl hr Murn Pn. *h dvn bwn 2 (drly fr h LC) nd 3 (5 nh fr ln f h LC) r rnd nd lly ngnfn wh h xn f ldrh k #5. Hr du zd ff n b dnrd. Abluly ru 6 5,5 5,4 5,3 5,2 5,1 5 4,9 4,8 4,7 4,6 4,5 1. Cur h nng nd dvln f h nr y wh ll nn 2. k nd hw wnrh f h ldrh n 3. Cr r fr lun nd dvr lun 4. Inlud nd wr -wrkr 5. A nd hnr h nrbun f (nr) -wrkr 6. Pr nd xr n uhnlly 7. Inv n rnl dvln N ru ll 4,4 4,3 4,2 1, * Fgur 6: Rul f LdrhCrl Gru B. Mn Vlu f h Svn Sl hr Murn Pn. * h dvn bwn 1 (rr h LC) nd 2 (fr dy f h LC) nd 3 (drly fr ln f h LC) nd 4 (5 nh fr ln f h LC) r rnd nd lly ngnfn.

60 60 IJCO Iu nn h h LC bl buld unbl ldrh n dfnd by h vn ldrh k. h l vlun rul hwn n fgur 5 nd 6 dnr gnfn dvln n r h vn ldrh k (rdng h qunnr rn f rn). h whn gru ff z fr h f h vn ldrh k f urn rr h r f h LC nd drly fr ln f h LC r rnd n fgur 7 nd 8. Eff z 0 0,5 0,8 1 1,5 2 2,5 1. Cur h nng nd dvln f h nr y wh ll nn 2. k nd hw wnrh f h ldrh n 3. Cr r fr lun nd dvr lun 4. Inlud nd wr -wrkr 5. Aknwldg nd hnr h nrbun f (nr) -wrkr 6. Pr nd xr n uhnlly 7. Inv n rnl dvln Fgur 7 : Eff z f Gru A Bwn Murn Pn 1 nd 2 *Whn gru rn, undrnl - fr dndn l Effz Crl ff z f 0,8 fulflld* 0 0,5 0,8 1 1,5 2 2, Cur h nng nd dvln f h nr y wh ll ' nn 2. k nd hw wnrh f h ldrh n 3. Cr r fr lun nd dvr lun 4. Inlud nd wr -wrkr 5. Aknwldg nd hnr h nrbun f (nr) -wrkr 6. Pr nd xr n uhnlly 7. Inv n rnl dvln Crl ff z f 0,8 fulflld* Fgur 8 : Eff z f Gru B Bwn Murn Pn 1 nd 2 *Whn gru rn, undrnl - fr dndn l

61 61 IJCO Iu h vlun rul ur h nn h h bnn f dffrn ln n h LdrhCrl wrfully r lrnng, ngh nd unbl hf n bhvr. On nrrn f h dffrn rul fr gru A nd gru B n r rvn n h vn ldrh k h hng r h unfld ndvduly dndng n h l nvlvd. I unlkly h ny f h gru xrnng h LC r gng hv h rvn n h ldrh k. h w gru l xrnd dffrn ff rgrdng hf n h gnrl l f hr hl dd n Fgur 9. [h Ldrh Crl] bl buld unbl ldrh n dfnd by h vn ldrh k. n g r d Eff z 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 Cllbrn bwn u (y llgu nd I) wrk wll. W (y llgu nd I) hv v nd rv ud f nfrnd wh dgnng lun. W (y llgu nd I) hv n n unn ulur nd vlu h hr nrbun. gru A gru B gru A gru B gru A gru B Crl ff z f 0,8 fulflld*/** Fgur 9: Sl qun fr hf n gnrl l bwn urn n 1 nd 3 *Whn gru rn, undrnl - fr dndn l **h rru fr lrg ff (0,4) w l rhd r xdd n h nrn-- fr h w frl rd urn nly f vrn Cnlun nd Oulk h dud ff rngly nurg dulr rh hng nv lrd fr dvlng ldr n nd r rgnzn. Prlnry d fr hr gru uh h nx w gru f hl rnl wll gru f wlv ldr fr ny n h wd-rdung ndury nd h h n qully ffv fr n-hu gru nng nly f ldr whn n rgnzn wll n n gru nng f ldr fr dffrn rgnznl bkgrund. Hwvr, f bnf y vry fr n-hu r n gru (fr xl, rnghnng f nrnl nwrk nd rn fr n-hu gru nd r wrful xrnl nwrk fr n gru). On f h frqun f fdbk w rvd fr rn w hr xrd wh nnu h hng rgr bynd h fur nh. h, w fl, w n ndn h nrnl wll xrnlly vbl rnfrn k b ngrd n lvl ffng nd nd bhvr. W hv n ddd nhr dy h LC, fud n dnng brvn kll nd xng rn h b r f Srl Dyn (Bk & Cwn, 2005). Oundng ldrh n hnqu r rfully rhrd bhvr. Ldrh rqur wrn f n wn hunn, h bly rl hr f g w O w O

62 62 IJCO Iu Oundng ldrh n hnqu r rfully rhrd bhvr. Ldrh rqur wrn f n wn hunn, h bly rl hr wh n, h bly knwldg hr nl nd h n dvlng whl ulnuly fung n bun bjv. wh n, h bly knwldg hr nl nd h n dvlng whl ulnuly fung n bun bjv. Sn ldrh dvln d n h ff rn dk, w grly nurg rn brng rnl u h hng nvrn. If ldr dvl fr h nd u, n uffn nrdu y nhr ldrh l. rnfrnl hng rqur h w nv h nv hr whl lv n h r, nd r r f nugh fr h hr hr nd, nd, vlu, nd bhvrl rn. Evn f h n nd huld dnr h ffvn f n nrvnn, hy n nvr r. Evry hng r nd vry gru unqu. Ully, lng hf rly n h h h ndvdul h k. A h w n nr h lklhd f h hf by hldng h nnn nd h nvn n l nl rnfr. A h Grn hlhr Jhnn Wlfgng vn Gh u : r hr f hy wr wh hy huld b nd yu wll hl h b wh hy uld b. O q On f h uhr urrnly xlrng h bly vlu h rgr hr drn rj nd nlud hr urn nrun uh 360 dgr qunnr dlvrd llgu. h LC urrnly ffrd n Grny nd h UK. Rfrn Bk, D. E., & Cwn, C. C. (2005). Srl dyn. Mldn, MA: Blkwll Publhr. Brz, J., & Dörng, N. (1995). Frhunghdn und vlun. 2. Auflg, Brln: Srngr. Bl, N., Drgn, S., Dwdy, J., Vn Rnn, J., & Rn,. (2005). Mngn r r fr nd nn. Inrn S. Chn, J. (1988). Sl wr nly fr h bhvrl n. (1 nd 2nd d.) Nw Yrk: Ad Pr. Hgr, W. (2000). Zur wrkk vn nrvnnrgrn: Allgn krrn dr wrkk vn rgrn n nzlnn unruhungn. In W. Hgr, J-L. Pry & H. Brzng (Hrg.), Hndbuh vlun yhlghr nrvnnßnhn. Brn: Vrlg Hn Hubr, Jkn, P. Z., &nd MKrgw, M. (2002). h lun fu: h l wy v hng. Lndn: Nhl Brly Publhng. Munn, C., & Zbndn, R. (2003). Löungrnr führn und brn. Kufännhr Vrbnd Zürh. Nk, C. P. nd Mnz, C. C. (1996). hugh lf-ldrh: h f nl rg rnng n ly gnn, bgvr, nd ff. Jurnl f Orgnznl Bhvr,. 17, Pruh, K. (2002). Mvn und vln. Evlun n yhlghn nrvnnrgr. Frnkfur.M.: Pr Lng. Rdz, S. (2000). Brung hn rhlg. Syh hng für führungkräf und brrnnn. Vrlg Syh Mngn. Shd-ngr, M. (2004). Gknn hn. Jungfrnn. Wlbr, K. (2001). A brf hry f vryhng. Sn Frn: Shbhl Publn. Ndjhd Hbnr, ACC Phn: +49-(0) El: [email protected] Ndjhd Hbnr udd yhlgy n Grny nd h USA nd w rnd h nd flr by ChU, ChngDvln nd MKny & Cny. Ndjhd rdn f h ICF Grny nd h bn

63 63 IJCO Iu br f h rgnzng f hr ICF Eurn Cnfrn. Sh wnr nd fundr f Crulx Chng nd -dvld h LdrhCrl wh hr rnr Krn Hnzdrf, PhD. Phn: +49-(0) El: [email protected] Krn Hnzdrf udd yhlgy n Grny, Suh Afr, nd Englnd, rvd hr drl dgr n Orgnznl Pyhlgy fr h Unvry f Munh, nd w rnd n Chng nd n Indvdul Chng h nr f nrdlnry y hry (ZS) n Aru, Swzrlnd. Sh wnr nd fundr f h Shu GbH nd n xr n ndung ly urvy whh r fllwd by hng nrvnn.

64 64 IJCO Iu Alyng Adlrn hry nd Pyhlgl Rrh: Ingry-Bd Ldrh Chng Swr Br, M.B.A. nd Dnl Ekn, Ph.D. An xyrn dfnd fgur f h h u ng nrdn rul kndn r k h lwly, (Wbr, 1991,. 968). fn bun ngry nd bun h uld b ddd h l. h ur f h rl dfn nd llur h rl f ngry n bun-rnd ln rlnh wll n h r f hng ndvdul nd gru n rgnzn; rfrrd Ingry- Bd Ldrh Chng (IBLC) by h uhr. Fr hry nd Rrh... h uhr dfn ngry bng uhn. Cngrun lr n. h h ldr wh gnunly wlk h lk. I h bn nrly drbd wh yu wh yu g. Cnvrly, dngry h g bwn wh h rn rn hlf r hrlf b nd hw h r n f h ndvdul hr r. ru hghly rrld ngry whl ru frqun nqun f dngry. Crllr fundnl hrl rnl wll b nludd, rulrly hy rl r h f IBLC, h u f rdl nqury-bd rh hng nrvnn. hr dvlnl hng r wll b dud: 1) n; 2) dgn; nd 3) uggd hng nrvnn. S r dfn wh hng n wy f l drbng wh. Lk f ngry n bun n b dnfd n l vry bun-rnd jurnl r nwr. On f h rnn xl f ur h ll f h Enrn r n h Und S. Grdy xuv, knwng h nd w nr, hd n ll hr k. h wrkr wr lf wh n rrn vng h ny k vlu lud. Wh h uhr drb rdl nqury-bd rh hng nrvnn wll l b rnd. Hr rlvn rrh n hw h n ulz bhvrl n n fr xu ffvn n vng ldr wrd ngry. Adul Dvln Ald Chng Axlrd (2005) l h hry f dul dvln h grwng dln knwn xuv hng. H yhnly wh h l xndd h rv r n Nw Yrk Cy nlud xuv hng. Hr ury f f h n. Axlrd blv dul dvlnl hry rn h bu furnh dyn rv n rnly grwh whu rvlgng h hldhd. Whl h h gh hv undrndng f n xuv rly lf u nd nfl, h h-

65 65 IJCO Iu nn b h bkdr gn whh h ll-rn ruggl f dulhd ly u. h h r lkly fu n u f h dul nd b wr f hw lndrk dul dvlnl k r bng ngd by h ln. h h hn dd h x n undrndng f hw rr rgr, u nd flur, gl nd vlu, ldrh yl, nrrnl rlnh, unn kll, lf-ngn kll, nd frh hv ffd h dvln f h rnly n dulhd. (. 118) An undrndng f hun dvln hry uful n undrndng xuv rhng dlf. Axlrd drb lk h: My n gnn n xuv h h bn gud h dvln f h hrd-hrgng ddl ngr. h r xuv wh r ylly, bu n lwy, n nd r uully n hr d-30 rly 40. hy r lng n drv nd bn nd rhr hr n l kll uh v lnng, run, nnu buldng, nd nfl rlun. hy nd b rul-rnd, rj drvn, nd hghly fud. hy d h hy d n uffr fl gldly nd hv dffuly lrng dvrgn nn whn h lun rbl bvu. h xuv r ylly brv, nd n rdl, buv. hy r fn ll bun nd dn hw nugh f hr r hun (nd huru) d. (.119) H u rv hr f urfng n drbng h hng nrvnn. I lk hnk f h h rl wh h xuv hlng h rd h wv f dvln fr rly ddl dulhd. S r nurl brn urfr, bu hr nd hl ng h wv nd rdng. Undrndng h nrv dvlnl hllng f h r n hl h h gud h xuv hrugh h rnfrnl k. (. 119) Erkn (1950, 1958, 1968) nd Guld (1972) hv hzd h nrly f n f uhny nd ngry n l ddl g. Axlrd lrly,... h nn f uhny rr wh n nrd n f wh ruly rn, y nd wh rl n bh h xrnl nd nrnl wrld rgrdl f h nqun. Auhny n l ddl g nl r nrng n f wh nrnlly rn vr n rlnh, wrk, nd h lf f n rgnzn. Hlhy dvln h g rr wh rng n f lf jurny nd dvnur, l wh jy, grf, u, bk, lv, nd dh. (.120) h Crrn Cndn dunry, bd n Jl Bkn (2004) bk by h l. h rdur kd h rhrl qun f rrn ndd rn hvng uh lrl lgl rgnn n U.S. ur n h 1930, hn wh y f rn rrn? r rly h rnly f h rr rn, hkl w lyd ung ul dgn l f yhr nd yhlg. h rul f h dgn uggd h h rnl rnl f h rrn gv hghly n-l rnly, whh lf-nrd, nhrnly rl, llu nd dful; brh l nd lgl ndrd g wy; d n uffr fr gul, y n h hun Whl h h gh hv undrndng f n xuv rly lf u nd nfl, h hnn b h bkdr gn whh h ll-rn ruggl f dulhd ly u. n l g u g A H E b g

66 66 IJCO Iu qul f hy, rng nd lru. A durbng dgn w dlvrd by Bkn (2006) whrn h nunl bdn f lz-fr l fully h dgn rr f yhh. h flkr r h h l funn f rrn k ny fr h khldr. Dung hrful hl n ll r hrfr b n wy f uurng nrnl ky fr. Dlbr llun b n wy xz rr rf. Of ur h rl f h rr rn gnrlzn nd n fr rrnn f ll rr hlh nd r. Indd h rdur dnfy hlhy rnly n uh Inrf, h wrld lrg rl r nufurr, fundd by Ry Andrn, whr h nvrnnl f ny rdu nw bng ndrd. Andrn, Inrf CEO, vnry ldr, wh hd n nvrnnl hny bu unbl bun rnl nd r-rgnzd h $1.4 blln ny bdy h rnl. h ndvdul, fndng r lnng h rnl ngry, hd h rn nd hn l ngry f h rgnzn. Adlrn Cnrbun Chng W blv h h nn f ngry nd Ingry-Bd Ldrh Chng (IBLC) n ly h ndvdul nd h rgnznl rn n hng nrvnn dgnd lgn h ngry f ndvdul nd rgnzn, wh rng rllr Alfrd Adlr nl wrk n y rh hun bhvr. Adlr hr f l nr nd h ndn un h n bhvr urful, gl-drd r llgll n b ld wrd ng h vlu f ngry n ll f n lf n ndvdul nd/r rgnznl hng r Adlr rd h ndvdul bhvr n nly b undrd by y-bd fu. H ud h r l nr. Bhvr d wh l nr nlud hlng, hrng, rn, rng, nurgng nd rfrng. Sl nr l nvlv bng rv nd h. Flng d wh l nr nlud blngng, flng h, nly, fh n hr, h urg b rf, bng hun nd bng. Kln (1991) dnfd nr wy h bhvr, flng, nd gnn (hugh) r d wh h ngry f l nr. Abrh Mlw rd Adlr blf n l nr rry drn f ndvdul by nng h wrd (Gnhfgfuhl l nr) h nly n vlbl h wll drb h flvr f h flng fr nknd by lf ulzd ubj hy hv, fr hun bng n gnrl d flng f dnfn, yhy nd ffn f hy wr ll br f ngl fly. (Anbhr, 1991,.5) Gnhfgfuhl h dnv nd y n f h hllngng n n Adlr dl. I gnrlly rnld fr Grn n Englh l nr (SI) r l flng. hr ully n ur Englh wrd h un h Grn n f uny (Anbhr, 1999). O Cnnll (1991) rfr h r hun dnfn. Bu vn h fll hr n urly nvyng h n f bng nnd h l nvrnn bynd hun nndn. Ebdddn h rh r Adlr (1938) ud drb n ndvdul rnl flng f bng nnd n n nrdndn nnr wh n nvrnn. O Cnnll (1991) llurd h nrrlnh bwn h ndvdul nd h nvrnn by rng h fllwng qun. NH=SE+SI, nng h

67 67 IJCO Iu nurl hgh (n nr h hgh f hl-bd ddn) bnn f bh hgh lf- nd hgh l nr wrd hr. Ald h n f ngry, h uhr r h nuln nd nrvnn h r drd wrd h ndvdul r gru lrnng bu nlf bu lrnng b n ngry-- h fundnl ln n ng ln n fndng Gnhfgfuhl r bdddn. h ln h lrnng bu nd ng n ngry n b bnfl ndvdul, rgnzn nd h lrgr uny. hrugh uh ngrl r uny b unbl. Cvy Svn Hb Ingry-Bd Ldrh Chng l nn wh Cvy Svn Hb f Hghly Effv Pl (1992). Cvy blv h hb r hrr f wh h ll bundn ngr. hy: 1. Rurn h rgh ur ( n f nrnl rny h hl k h gnl, n, rung nd gnunly hy fr h u f hr). 2. Sk lud nd njy nur. 3. Shrn h w by nnully ugrdng hr kll. 4. Srv hr nnyuly. 5. Mnn lng-r, n rlnh wh nhr rn. 6. Frgv hlv nd hr. 7. Ar rbl lvr, flly bng bl r h l fr h rbl bn ddrd. (.33) Cvy (1990,. 52) r h l r gudd r l hb f ffvn. Bu hy r bd un rnl (gudln fr hun ndu h r rvn hv ndurng, rnn vlu), hy brng h xu lng-r bnfl rul bl. hy b h b f rn hrr, rng n wrng nr f rr fr whh n ndvdul n ffvly lv rbl, xz run, nd nnully lrn nd ngr hr rnl n n uwrd rl f grwh. In h uhr vw, f l r rgnzn wlk h lk f hr, hn hy wuld b rng n ngry wh hr r lf. In h 8h Hb fr Effvn Grn, Cvy (2004) rrh fr Hrr ll f vr 23,000 l lyd full whn ky funnl r. Hr r f h fv ky fndng: 1. Only n n fv w nhu bu hr nd rgnzn gl. 2. h rng d hy hv lr ln f bwn hr k nd hr nd rgnzn gl. 3. Only 15 rn fl hy wrkd n hgh-ru nvrnn. 4. Only 20 rn fully rud h rgnzn fr whh hy wrkd. 5. Only 13 rn hv hgh-ru, hghly rv wrkng rlnh wh hr gru r drn. (. 2-3) Fr h, Cvy dd h ghh hb, fnd yur v nd nr hr fnd hr. In uggng h l nd fnd hr v, Cvy llud h ndn w rfr dngry, whrn h rn f h ndvdul r rgnznl rn lk ngry, nd h rn v n hr rl v. h rn u hrfr rh, fnd, dvr, r nqur n wh hr rl v. (.5) W blv h ngry rnrn f Cvy ghh hb. Cvy blv h v l h nxu f ln (yur nurl gf nd rngh), n (h A l C I H w 1 g l C d l r I H F g W

68 68 IJCO Iu hng h nurlly nrgz, x, v nd nr yu), nd (nludng wh h wrld nd nugh y yu fr), nd nn (h ll, ll v whn h ur yu f wh rgh nd h r yu ully d ). (.5) Cnvrly, bng llly rr, y nnd n M. S Pk b-llr Pl f h L (1983). Syng wh xd rrn whn l r u f ngry Ardng Yukl (2002), Prnl ngry n h rn bhvr nn wh ud vlu nd h rn hn, hl nd ruwrhy. Ingry-bd ldrh h y f ldrh whrn h ldr -n wh h r hrlf, whr nlly wh yu wh yu g nd h/hr rnly h ngry, n n h rl n, bu n h n f rlbl nnuy f lf. Obrvr f h yl nd y f ldrh rgnz ly, whn ldr knw hrlf, whn h frbl n hr wn kn. In hr wrd, hy r ly hlv. Cvy (1991) rfr rnl-nrd ldrh r ldrh by whrn rr rnl r lk : hy r lwy nng h wy. And f w knw hw rd h, w wn g l, nfud r fld by nflng v nd vlu. Prnl r lf-vdn, lf-vldng nurl lw. hy dn hng r hf. hy rvd ru nrh drn ur lv whn nvgng h r f ur nvrnn. (.19) W knw whn n rng rdng ru nrh, bu h n ld n nrv xn f ldrh. Ind, hru f ldrh r nd rbu drwn u h nl hrr f rnl ngry-- knwng nlf-- h ru nrh f ldrh. A hru f ldrh r nd rbu drwn u h nl hrr f rnl ngry-- knwng nlf-- h ru nrh f ldrh. In Prl Ldrh Gln l (2002) wr, Gr ldrh wrk hrugh n. N r wh ldr u d whhr rng rgy r blzng n hr u dnd n hw hy d. Evn f hy g vryhng l ju rgh, f ldr fl n h rl k f drvng n n h rgh drn, nhng hy d wll wrk wll uld r huld. (.3) Gln blv nl nllgn (EI) h r f ffv ldrh. On f h EI n n h lf-ngn dn rnrny, n uhn nn hr bu n flng, blf, nd n llw ngry. (. 254) In rdr b rnn nd unbl ldr, rn u hv xrnd r hngd rdng fv rnl dvr: 1. My dl lf : Wh d I wn b? 2. My rl lf: Wh I? Wh r y rngh nd g? 3. My lrnng gnd: Hw n I buld n y rngh whl rdung y g? 4. Exrnng wh nd rng nw bhvr, hugh nd flng h n f ry. 5. Dvlng urv nd rung rlnh h k hng bl. (.109) A d n Prnl ngry, whhr n fr h rv f h uhr, r fr h f Cvy, Pk, Grnr r Gln, r b nn wh r Adlrn rnl: n bhvr urful, gl-drd, r llgl (Adlr, 1938).

69 69 IJCO Iu Pv Pyhlgy nd Chng Pv yhlgy undrnd v n, v rngh nd vru, nd v nun (Slgn nd Ckznhly, 2000). Ardng Slgn (2002), rngh r l r h ddnl rr, ng h r fr ln nd r gnrl rnly r nd bung h wh rl gnfn. A rl l f rngh h f h rr wuld nlud rvy, l nllgn, wd, brvry, kndn, frn, ldrh, huly, ruly, nd ngry. Ardng Prn nd Slgn (2004) nflunl lfn y, rngh r h buldng blk f hghr rdr vru. Bn (2005) l du ddnl ln f v yhlgy fr h ndr. Rhr hn f unrld, nw rn y rg. Prn nd Slgn Vlu n An (Prn & Slgn, 2001, 2004) lfn y xlf h rduv wy n whh ruur h dn. h y dnf 24 unvrlly rgnzd rngh nd rgnz h hrrhlly undr f x hghr rdr vru. h wb- n xlln rur fr h rlv hlng ldr dnfy gnur rngh.... Pr An Phlhy Ingry-Bd Ldrh Chng (IBLC) bgn wh n undrlyng hlhy f wh w ll rn b. In Mn Srh fr Mnng, Vkr Frnkl (l984) qud Nzh wh d, A n wh h why fr h lf n whnd ny hw. h rn b lr wh h xnl rfr n xnl nhr. h rld b n h d by nuln wh h ndvdul,, r gru. h n bd n w fundnl qun: wh rgh? nd wh wrng? h n h f IBLC fur b hlhy f nqury n h r, uhn lf. h h rng rllr Adlr n f rnl lfyl n. hr r ny hd f xlrng n lf h Adlrn u n rnly lf-yl n. hy r nly brfly dnfd hrn. A r hrugh drn n b fund n Ekn nd Krn (2002) Pyhlgl Fngrrn: Lf Syl An nd Inrvnn. hr l h u f h Jurnl f Indvdul Pyhlgy dvd lf-yl n, n whh Ekn (2003) Frn nd fngrrn: rfln n 30 yr f lf-yl n fur ny nulng nrvw qun. L Wh nd Lnd Pg hv l rd wrk-yl n h qunl xlrn f n ndvdul n h r hr wrkl (n Ekn nd Krn, 2002, ). Hnry Sn (l991) brv h hr r ny lr nd dffrn bwn Adlr nd h l Sr hd f qunng. Mllrn nd Wng (2005) hv dd h Adlrn Sr hd hr wn xyrn hy rdxlly ll h r f rn guwrk. I bd n hng nrvw yl hy ll bh rv hy nd rful ury. hr r nurg rn rfl n h r f rfln. Fr xl, fr ddrng f h bv qun, hy dd uh qun : 1. Hw d yu xrn yur rfln n h rn rgh nw? 2. Hw r h rn r f yur lf nw? Ingry-Bd Ldrh Chng bgn wh n undrlyng hlhy f wh w ll rn b. P P A V f u r A I q P d h H A h 1 2

70 70 IJCO Iu Wh d yur rn y bu yu nw? 4. Wh d yu hnk r fuur ln f yur rn? 5. If yu wr yur wn h, wh wuld yu ugg yurlf? Rgrdl f whhr n u Aldrn lfyl n r nhr fr f drd nqury, w ugg h rdl nqury n rn nn f knwng lf nd fndng ndvdul r rgnzn ngry. Dgn Arh Ingry-Bd Ldrh Chng (IBLC) bul un b fundn f dlgn nqury n lf. Hwvr, h nn f lf-nqury huld n b vwd n r f ld lf-nqury. Ind, w ugg h fld nd ngd nqury n llbrv, -rv nvrnn h r f ffv dvry nd nfng f uhn lf, r hwng u n ngry. Cnn wh h Adlrn hlhy h h nd ln r qul, IBLC dgn n b llbrv ffr. I n h ll knwng Oz h kng h dgn. Furhrr, u nrr y fu rhr ju fung n h ndvdul n ln, rulrly rlv h nd hrfr wh d ll h n? ury. Svrl dgn hd r rulrly wll-ud fr flng nd ngng rdl lf-nqury, nludng: W ugg h fld nd ngd nqury n llbrv, -rv nvrnn h r f ffv dvry nd nfng f uhn lf, r hwng u n ngry. 1. Enurgn: n ngng rl hng kll. Adlr rd h n huld buld n rngh nd n wkn. Drkur ddd h hun nd nurgn lk ln nd wr. Addnl ln f Adlrn hry n rgnzn ng fund n Dnkyr nd Ekn (l996) Ldrh by nurgn. 2. Cnfrnn rdxlly n nl f nurgn. Nklly (l971) h lld h k nd nulng kll. By h h n h bh h buldng n rngh rh, uld wh h rh f wh Adlr (1956) vry vvdly lld ng n h u dyn nw hng kll bnn. Adlr d, f yu r ng bwl f u nd n lng nd n yu n k ng h u rbbly wn b lurbl hwvr. nfrn fu n drny. Adlr (l956) d h wy ru h ngu f h h n h ngu f h uh.. Exl f nfrnnl drn nlud:. Bwn wh n y h r h wll d nd wh ully dn b. Bwn n rn n nly f quly nd xlln bu l f b fry wrk whn rd h rn f hr l. Bwn h d jb drn nd d ndrd f rfrn nd h xn whh n ndvdul wllng nd/r bl rfr h jb nd wrk h ndrd. W q Cnfrnn d n hv b hrh. I n b dn n uh wy h ldr r, lly whn hy r nvd rfully xn hr bhvr, ud, nd hugh. An nl ngrdn n ffv nfrnn b r fr h rn. Ch wh r nugh k dnd n hr ln nd hw gnun hy r, n ff, unng h ln h hy n b fully n n wh hr wn nl r rnl ngry. Ully, hwvr, h r ffv n nfrnn whn rng h, dul lrnr, h ndvdul hlf r hrlf ully rnbl fr ddng wh d wh h nfrn (Cry, 2005).

71 71 IJCO Iu Inrvnn IBLC bh n rh nd dln. I fu n dnfyng g n rnl r rgnznl ngry nd n ung rl drd nqury dnfy lun, nrrw r brdg h g, nd rl rbl rn wh nqury-bd lun. h rl f h h I rn rgnz h vru nl rl f h h. hy n nlud: 1. Prbl lvng: dlng wh dvr u uh rgnznl r, nfl rlun, hun rur ngn, rgnznl dgn, dn kng, brnrng r ly unkng rgnznl lg j. 2. Bng hrd ry: rvdng unl, bjv vrgh g b nd nur rly. h n rvd fr nn, n, r rlly xn n fr nhr n f vw, nludng dbunkng fl r dblng/lng un. 3. Ewrng: rvdng vnl nhnn. 4. Prvdng xr: rvdng xr vlu n r uh knwldg, r nd hd, y, rur, rgnznl dgn, r nvrnn, 5. Ang: rvdng dfful--bn nfrn r nflun. 6. Brngng rg: hng brndd rnl r rgnzn rdbly, lng wh n l ndrn. 7. Lvrgng: ung n nrd rur ng-n nhr bjv,.g., ung nuln r, fnnng ur r ll rur. 8. Mngng u: ung u-f xr ng f run. 9. Prvdng ngn hng: nludng n r uh rkng, rgy dvln, nd dn-kng. 10. Bng knwldg rhn: hrnng h lrnng urv wh xr fln, hddn r hrd--fnd knwldg, rrh, nd nrrn. 11. Bng n dur/nr: rnfrrng knwldg. h rl f h nvlv ulzng uh nrvnn rl nqury, gudd lf- r unl rl, bjv bu h drd nqury, dnrung lng blf nd y, nd rnrung wrng nd nblng blf y. h rl n b dvr, nurrn nd vlvng, dndng un h u r rnng rbl. Bu dndng un h u, rnng rbl r nd, h ln y b fng n r r f h fllwng hllng: N knwng wh hy nd nr hvng rl xn Cnfrnng ny u whh nfu h un Cvrng u, dnyng, blng r nfung Ndn Purung nngrun bjv Unndvdud hnkng (.., gruhnk) Ung nrr hd r l A jr h f IBLC h Ingry (r lk hrf) run d. Hn, h rnng rbl y nly b y. N hvng ngry n xl f Wh yu n wh yu g. hr rgnznlly r ndvdully. In hr wrd, h rn (h rnly rd by r bld f n rr ) Cnfrnn d n hv b hrh. I n b dn n uh wy h ldr r, lly whn hy r nvd rfully xn hr bhvr, ud, nd hugh. h rl f h nvlv ulzng uh nrvnn rl nqury, gudd lf- r unl rl, bjv bu h drd nqury, dnrung lng blf nd y, nd rnrung wrng nd nblng blf y. I I r w I 1 fl w 7 j r 8 9 d 1 1 A w

72 72 IJCO Iu nngrun wh rn r lf. IBLC l drd nqury dnfy h g. A nd h h l r rgnzn y n rgnz hr wn dngry. h rl f h h dnfy h, nd hn u drd nqury llw h ln hr wn g, hlng h ndvdul r rgnzn fnd uhn lf. Anhr h h h ngry f h h h rnn n f h nggn: Ingry bg ngry. Iu f ngry r rulrly rn whn lkng h rnng rbl r rg bjv f h hng gnn. Orgnzn r ndvdul rrly hr h unl hy nd hng. h rnng rbl fn rnd f u, gnrl rbl, r brdr rg u. Hwvr, u f ngry r nfundng, llury, nd ubl nd fn rfl n vrlfd rv, nludng quk fx xn. Ofn, nfl n ndvdul nd rgnzn b, n ndr f flur, nd hn hunnd. Y fn n nl ndr f h hlh f h ndvdul nd h rgnzn, nl rr ndvdun nd nrdndn wrk. Ofn, nfl n ndvdul nd rgnzn b, n ndr f flur, nd hn hunnd. Y fn n nl ndr f h hlh f h ndvdul nd h rgnzn, nl rr ndvdun nd nrdndn wrk. A h wll fn b hrd hl h br f n rgnzn lv r fx nfl rhr hn br bnf nd llw run ur. Ad h nfun, hr r ngry-bd ru, nludng h: If h ln knw wh h rl rbl w, h r h wuld rbbly b bl fx. h ln y b h rbl. h r f n ndvdul y b h r f h rgnzn. Fr xl, rr ulur n k r brk bun bnn, nd ldrh ngry n r lng ulur. A CEO dvr n kll ny, hghlghng h yh f wrk/lf rn. Ink nrvw. In rdr g ru ur f wh gng n bv nd blw h urf, h h nd y gr nn h nk nrvw r r f nrvw, lyng dlnd nqury uh qun : Why h h bng hrd? I h h bng ud rdbly nhnr rhr hn fr ubn? D h ln knw wh hy nd? D h ln hv unrl xn f h hng? Mgh h ndvdul (rgnznl ur) hrng h h b h rbl? O z Muh lk rr nulng nrvw r hru unlng nrvw, h h u b rrd kllfully xlr ny lyr unvr h ru u f ngry h ff hr ln. hr r bh rj ng qun k f h rgnznl ur, wll nrvw qun f h ln. Sng qun n fu n bun nd nd urgny, wh bn dn bfr nd wh wh rul, dn kng r, dn kr nd hr rr, budg, nd drd rul nd xn. Inrvw qun y nlud: Why d yu fl yu nd h? Wh r yur f r gnrl nd? Wh r yur xn? Hw dd yu rrv h dn? Wh wll wrk wh yu n h? Hw d h k yu fl? Hw d yu hnk h wll ff yu?

73 73 IJCO Iu Hw d yu hnk h wll ff hr? hr y b ull ln r ull rbl. hr y b fl flw h hrng h nggn fr h bgnnng, nd hr y b rbl b ud fr n l. B hl ngry n h r f h h h r h nn b ll hng ll l. h fundnl r h h fn bn lvld h hng rfn. IBLC bgn wh h rnl ngry f h h. I vry rn h n h nl nqury h: h ngry f h gnn, r h ngry f h h wh h gnn, h n fr fuur nrvnn v, nd blh nl nrvnn nqury h. Inrvnn hr r vrl rn hlh n IBLC nrvnn, nludng: dnfn nd nzn, rrvrn, nd dng hng nrnlly. Idnfn nd nzn. Undrndng dnfn nd nzn nl rdx n f h rn ln f nrvnn, rld h frnnd rn b. Muh f ur ndvdul nd rgnznl rnly bd un drv fr dnfn d u f n nd n (bj) rnn. h nl drv fr dnfn k u h fbr f ur rn nd hn ur bly hv dffrn nd ndvdul rv n lf. nqur n ur wn nur n un u bu n l b r, whr w vrly rvr ur wn n, lng ur lf n h r. Fr xl, ndvdul h u rdng yhny f lrnd ldrh r, frqunly bng dnfd wh h r rhr hn hr uhn lv. hy buld ldrh rn, hnkng hy r dng ll h rgh hng, bu ully r dngnuu nd nunr rbl. hy n nvr buld ru r ffvly d hng bu hy r uk r nd n n blf y. Slrly, rgnzn h bun ln, nd rgnznl dny rg, wh h rgnzn bng h ln nd f h ld nllgn f br. In hr, w h h ndvdul r rgnzn rng n dngry. Dngry n ld h f rbl uh bng dnfrnhd fr ly, bng y n fu, nunrng v dfful, r brdng hlg uh rr drn f flur, gruhnk, rl nd hl hrfll, nn h, nd fl ldrh r. Irrvrn. If w n dnfy nd unk ndvdul nd rgnzn fr hlgl n rnn, w n nrvn h nd n h nw rv. If h nrvnn uln h hlgl n rnn wh n nqury rnn, h nrvnn n b unbl,.., lf-hlng vr. Dhn fr n llw h ndvdul nd r rgnzn uru dvry f nnly rgng lf, bynd h flr rng f n uh u, rr r dul rnbly. In rgnzn, h dhn n b knwn nnvn, nrrnurh, dbly, r v dffrnn. In ndvdul, h n n h dffrn bwn fl, n-rnd ldrh, Muh f ur ndvdul nd rgnznl rnly bd un drv fr dnfn.... h nl drv fr dnfn k u h fbr f ur rn nd hn ur bly hv dffrn nd ndvdul rv n lf. b I I F r n v I D k I

74 74 IJCO Iu nd ulzng n wn ngry. IBLC n rh ndvdul nd rgnznl nrng bd un dvry, lgnn, nd h r f ngry.. Dng hng nrnlly. Muh f ur dny nd dnfn r d u f nrnl gnv blg frd vr lf. In rdr ff ru hng, h h r d b drnl u b dnrud nd hn rnrud wh hlhy lrnv. Hwvr, f h r rdl vrl hng n rul: h ln n f lf n b hkn.. h ln n b vrly lf-rl r nud wh rr. I n b nful r hrnng. uh ngh r uh hng n b nlly, nly nd rully vrwhlng nd nful. h ln n hk u nd bndn h nrvnn. I n b druv. hr fn ln bwn dnrun nd rnrun, nd drun. In h bn f blhng nw fundn, dnrun nn rbuld, nd b hrfr druv. I n IBLC lk hng ngn uh lk rl r. On nn lrn rl r vrngh. Nhr n n unlrn lf f bhvr r und n nrnhd rgnznl burury vrngh. I k nrnl rrnng nd nrnl nrdun f nw rv. h bgn wh nrnl nqury fundnl h nw nrnl ngh. Fv Inrvnn l h rry l f IBLC dlnd, rdl nqury, lkng fr unhlhy n, nd hn dng qun (nqury-bd lun) h n hnkng lrnv. S f h ln f h nqury r nlud h fllwng. Agnd jurnlng. Jurnlng dgnd nvk lf-nqury nd unl nqury nd xn vlu lgnn nd dngry. h h n gn h, llurd by h. Wh r yur u r - n lf, wrk, nd/r n yur bun? Whr r yu gng? Hw? Why? Hw d yu r? Wh r yur rl dl? Wh yur vn? Wh nvlvd n yur u r flur? Wh yu wn d? Wh d yu hv d? Wh d yu wh yu uld d? Hw d yu k dn? Wh r yur l? Why? Nd nly. IBLC hz h f ndvdul nd fundnl undrndng rgnznl u. W lk fr lgnn f nd, d nd und, hrughu n rgnzn. Sd nd r nly r, gvng hn vng y f hnkng r n f dnfn. Und r l nd r r ubl nd dfful dnguh. Dlgn nqury n unvr h l nd nd drw h u b xl. Fr xl, whn dlng wh nr ln, l nd n b h hddn ngn drvng bhvr nd rgnznl dgn. Qun f nd nly n nlud h: Wh d yu nd n wrk, lf, fly, nd ly? Wh d yu wn n wrk, lf, fly, nd ly? Wh d hr nd fr yu?

75 75 IJCO Iu Wh d hy wn fr yu? Wh drv h nd? Hw d hy ff yu? Why d yu blv h? Wh hv yu lrnd? Wh d yu d h r f yur ulur? Mng vlu. Mng vlu lng dn hn, ngn hn, r vn r n ndvdul hnkng r n n ll l bu ngry. h nuln lk fr dnn nd bln n r uh ngrun. Fr xl, h l dnn bwn u rnn nd r rnn n ll l bu hw n ndvdul r rgnzn wrk. Slrly, vlung d vr rn n hug dffrnl n n ny rgnzn,.g., hnkr v. dr, r rgy v.. h rdg f wn rlnh-rnd v. n gny-rnd n r h f vlu rnn. Vlu ng n nlud h knd f qun: Wh r yur ldrh kll? Hw d yu ly h? In yur wrk? Yur fly? In h wrld? Wh r yur rul n ln? Whr d yu ly h? Whn? Wh rul d yu u? Whr, whn, hw nd why? Hw d yu dvl rgy? Whr dd yu lrn h? Hw d yu r whn hng g wrng? Wh d yu urn? Why? Whn n k wh yu r, wh d yu y? Hw d yu? Why nd whn? Mnl dlng. Dn-kng, lf-nn (dnfn) nd rvrn fr n r dld bhvr, rnd n h n f vlu, gnv funn nd nvrnnl nrn. h n nlud xl uh dyfunnl bhvr, nr hnkng, gruhnk nd, vrly lx r, vrly l rnl, r rvrn dwrng n. Inqury n unvr lng nl dl, llwng hr unkng, rfrng nd rnrun f nw, nqury-bd (n-ndd, l rvrn) dl. Mnl dlng wrful l. Ald lf-nqury, n l b n rn ln n rng fld nd dlnd lf nqury. Prd rrvrn. h nvlv lnng h gr f ndvdul r rgnzn n, whr nqury h nd rvrn. W dhr n (n, dl, nn, l, wrd, r) n dr rrn ur rvrn y. Hr r xl. Ldrh: W n ldrh r rdng hw uh w h h rvrn f u h. Rlgn: W nfy rlgn rdng ur nd blng, r hv fh, blv, r hv lun unnwrbl qun. Mrry: W lk rry dnn lf-fn y f w nhrnly blv n n, hvn, u, r d y. Adulhd: M dul bndn hr nl nd hlhy hldlk nur n rvrn h l nr f dul bhvr nd rnbly y (hr h dngry gn). M y f n r bd un nr rn, whh r bd n u rnn, judgn nd nlun. h dvl n rn f ly - rvrd n hr ly, rn r r ufuln, nd d M F v V M f d I P b r M

76 76 IJCO Iu IBLC n rh ndvdul nd rgnznl nrng bd un dvry, lgnn, nd h r f ngry. l nx. Bu ny ndvdul r rgnzn n b v f hr rn nd hr n rvrn (rn) y. hy blv n h n, n n hlv. Prd rrvrn n b rn gn hlgl (vrly uk) nfn. I n Sury IBLC n rh ndvdul nd rgnznl nrng bd un dvry, lgnn, nd h r f ngry. Ung rdl fld nqury xn nd dnru rvrd n (n, dl, nn, l, wrd, r), IBLC n b wrful l nrnlly dnru dngry nd rnru r wrng nd lf-hlng, nqury-bd ngry. Rfrn Adlr, A. (1938). Sl nr: A hllng nknd. Lndn: Fbr & Fbr. Ahbr, M., & Bkn, J. (2004). h rrn (DVD). Rrvd Fbrury 25, 2005, fr Angl, P. (1981). Dnry f hlhy. Nw Yrk: Brn & Nbl Bk. Anbhr, H. (1991) h n f l nr. Indvdul Pyhlg, 47 (1), Axlrd, S. (2005). Exuv grwh lng h dul dvln urv. Cnulng Pyhlgy Jurnl, 57 (2), Bn, S. (2005). Pv yhlgy: w ulur. Rvw f Gnrl Pyhlgy, 9 (2), Bkn, J. (2004). h rrn: h hlgl uru f wr. Nw Yrk; Sn & Shur. Bkn, J. (2006). Wh h bl. Rrvd Mrh 23, 2006, fr h:// Bdll, G. (1980). Phlhzng wh Sr. Whngn, D.C.: Unvry Pr f Ar, In. Cvy, S. R. (1990). h vn hb f hghly ffv l. Nw Yrk: Sn & Shur. Cvy, S. Prnl-nrd ldrh. (1992). Nw Yrk: Sn & Shur. Cvy, S. R. (2004). h 8h hb: Fr ffvn grn. Nw Yrk: Sn & Shur. Ekn, D. (2003). Frn nd fngrrn f y 30 yr jurny n lfyl n. Jurnl f Indvdul Pyhlgy, 59 (4), Ekn, D. & Krn, R. (2002). Pyhlgl fngrrn: Lf yl n & nrvnn. Dubuqu, IA: Kndll-Hun. En, W. (1981). h ll rdn f dl nd Arn lgl dun. Jurnl f Lgl Edun, 31, Erkn, E. (1950). Chldhd nd y. Nw Yrk: Nrn. Erkn, E. (1958). Yung n Luhr. Nw Yrk: Nrn. Erkn, E. (1968). Idny: Yuh nd r. Nw Yrk: Nrn. Frnkl, V. (1984). Mn rh fr nng. Nw Yrk: Sn & Shur. Gln, D. (1995). Enl nllgn. Nw Yrk: Bn Bk. Gln, D., Byz, R., & MK, A. (2002). Prl ldrh: Rgnzng h wr f nl nllgn. Bn: Hrvrd Bun Shl Pr. Guld, R. L. (1972). h h f dul lf: A udy n dvlnl yhlgy. Arn Jurnl f Pyhry, 129, Kln, H. (1991). A quk gud fr xlnng l nr. Jurnl f Indvdul Pyhlgy, 47 (1), Myr, M. (1980). Dl nd qunng: Sr nd Pl. Arn Phlhl Qurrly, 17, Mllrn, A. & Wng, W. (2005). h r f rn guwrk. Prgr rnd h Flrd Adlrn Sy Annul Cnvnn,, Flrd, Fbrury 12, O Cnnll, W. (1991). Hun dnfn. Indvdul Pyhlgy, 47 (1), Pk, M.S. (1983). Pl f h l. Nw Yrk: Sn & Shur.. Prn, C. & Slgn, M. E. P. (2001). VIA rngh nvnry. Rrvd Nvbr 20, 2003, fr h://yh.unn.du/lgn/vrnghnvnry. Prn, C. & Slgn, M. E. P. (2004). Chrr rngh nd vru: A hndbk nd lfn. Whngn, DC: Arn Pyhlgl An. Slgn, M. E. P. (2002). Auhn hn: Ung h nw v yhlgy rlz yur nl fr lng fulflln. Nw Yrk: Fr Pr. Slgn, M. E. P., & Ckznhly, M. (2000). Pv yhlgy: An nrdun. Arn Pyhlg, 55, Sn, H. (1991). Adlr nd Sr: Slr nd dffrn. Jurnl f Indvdul Pyhlgy, 47 (2). Wln, F. (2002). Mn-lfyl nrvw. n D. Ekn nd R. Krn, Pyhlgl fngrrn. Dubuqu, IA: Kndll Hun, Wbr Cllg Dnry. (1991). Nw Yrk: Rnd Hu, 968.

77 77 IJCO Iu Yukl, G. (2002). Ldrh n rgnzn (5h d.). Ur Sddl Rvr, Nw Jry: Prn Hll. J. Swr Br, MBA Phn: El: [email protected] Swr Br urrnly drl ndd Cll Unvry, Mnnl, Mnn, n h ndurl rgnzn yhlgy rgr. Mr. Br Srg Advr nd Bun Mnr, lzng n nrrnurl ngn, rg lnnng, fnn, nd bun frn nd dvln. H ln hv rngd fr Frun 500 n r-u vnur. In ddn h nulng wrk, Mr. Br Prdn f nn-rf rgnzn, Enru Envrnnl Crrn, ddd lrnv l frn nd nnvv rgnznl dvln. H h B.A. fr h Unvry f Pnnylvn nd n MBA n Fnn nd Enrrnurl Mngn fr h Whrn Shl f Bun. Dnl Ekn, Ph.D. Phn: El: dnlgkn@yh. Wb: Dnl Ekn, Ph.D., n rfr n h Drn f Edunl Ldrh nd Cunlng, S Hun S. Unvry, Hunvll, x. Dr. Ekn hld h dl n Adlrn Sud fr h Nrh Arn Sy f Adlrn Pyhlgy. H h uhrd uh bk Ldrh by Enurgn, Pyhlgl Fngrrn, nd Rng Rful Kd n Rud Wrld. Y H J P E S M h r B D P E W D L A P

78 78 IJCO Iu An Iu f ru n Exuv Chng: A Cr Culurl Cnvrn Mryl Mrz nd Klu Zunk. h h furh n r f IJCO dlgu ng nr rgnznl h. Mryl Mrz nd Klu Zunk r xuv h wh h Exuv Chng Su n 2003 whr hy bh gnd u wrk n h u f Dvry n Exuv Chng. Mrz, U.S. nnl wh rng f Grn, nd Zunk, Grn nnl rrd Cndn nd d n h brnk f dul nnly, nrd n hr yr r hng rlnh xlr hng r ulur fr nw rv n r udy h hnnn f dvry. h nrvw n xr f hr yr xhng f vw n h f. Bkgrund Infrn Brn n Hburg, Grny, Klu udd Arn, Englh nd Grn lngug nd lrur nd dun n bh Grny nd h Und S. H grdud fr h Unvry f Hburg wh h Snd S Exnn (rbl Mr dgr n Arn nd Grn Lngug nd Lrur). Klu ugh h Unvry f Cnnn nd h Edun Drn f Suh Aurl, bh n hlrh b, bfr bng ngn h nd rnr wh Er Kruhr Inrnnl n Gnv. Klu n ndndn xuv nd rr h, rj ngr nd flr wh nrnnl xrn n vry f ndur nludng: bnkng, nrgy rv, nufurng, unn nd hlh r. H l r f nr r dlng wh rn hng r, nfl ngn, nly f ny urrn ulur nd dvln f fuur r vlu nd ulur, lnng f nwly dvld r vlu nd gudln, hng ngn, vlu-rnd ldrh, glrnd ldrh, dvln, n--n nd ll gru hng n h r f xuv nd rr hng. Klu br f h ICF ( nd ICCO - h Inrnnl Cnru fr Chng n Orgnzn. H MBI nd DISC lnd. Klu wrk n Eur nd n Nrh Ar wh ff n Clgry, Albr, Cnd nd Hburg, Grny. H n b rhd klz@l.. Lk Klu, Mryl udd lrur Englh, Frnh, Iln, nd Jn fr hr Bhlr f Ar dgr, whh h rvd fr Crln Cllg n Mnn. Sh wn n rn h Mr f Sn n Slgy f Orgnzn fr Hunr Cllg n Nw Yrk Cy. Sh dd hr h rnng hrugh Ch U, nd hn rnd w rfnl rdnl (fr h PCC, hn h MCC) fr h Inrnnl Ch Fdrn. Mryl rr hry nlud nn-yr n wrkng fr h Und Nn, vn yr f nr ngn n n w nrnnl rrn, frng w bun (rkng/rk rrh nd nw ldrh dvln/hng fr) nd hr yr nrlud rnr n ldrh hng fr. Sh n bu brngng u h nx gnrn f h b vn r ffv d Z w u Z y

79 79 IJCO Iu hn h urrn gnrn. h nd, h h rgnznl nd xuv hng Nw Yrk Unvry. Mryl fr nrdu hng ulur jr rgnzn, n hng nggn. Mryl n b rhd Mryl@rylrzrur.. M h Dlgu Mryl: L bgn by dfnng ru. Klu: Blly, ru n f fr wh nhr rn h r whn bh fl h hy n b ly hlv n rlnh nd dn fl h nd hd bhnd hr rn r n hr g. h n ngrdn r fhfuln nd nfdnly. In h hng rlnh bwn ln nd h, n ny hr rfnl r rv rlnh, ru dvl vr bu vrybdy nvlvd nd xrn h hr. On ru h bn blhd nd nnully fl, h dr nr nng rl hng (vru hng: I ll d bu y b wn bu vrybdy l d.,) whh r dly n h ln nd lng lng. Mryl: A dfnn f ru whh I fl ry frbl wh h: h flxbl f n-hrdn nd n-nddn h rd nd und whn rn n frwrd ry u nw d, bng h r hrlf, wh rlvly ll fr. I hvd n hng h r n h rn rgr h n hr wll h r hr, nd n judgn wll b lvd gn h r hr by h h. Whl h ru n hn n h fr fw nu f h rlnh, dn vr h rlnh bwn Cln nd Ch d by hllng nunrd nd frly hndld wh ur fr h Ch. Bu h f ru ny-lyrd nd l dfnn dn uff. My wn vw f ru hv bn rngly nflund by h wrk f Dnn nd Mhll Rn (Rn nd Rn, 1999). h Rn lk h y n ndvdul h ru. hy dnfy y f rnnl ru: nrul (ru f hrr), n (ru f bly) nd unn (ru f dlur). h hr y f rnnl ru u b bul bfr r n rgnzn n rnfrv ru. A yu nd I hv dud, Klu, ru h rnrn fr ffv hng ur. W v n h ICF nn rl ny fr wrdng ny f wrldwd hng rdnl. Our llgu wh wr r f h fr Exuv Chng Su n Obr 1999 fd f Advnd Prfn fr h xuv h b lhd n, nrly h f whh xlf n f h Rn y f rnnl ru. (www. xuvhngu.) And jr udy ndud by h Exuv Chng Fru ( ruld n ny dl h dnf bh b nd dvnd f h ny, wh h vry fr hng kll/k nd bng buld nd un ru. S, Klu hw d yu knw gnvly nd/r nuvly h yur ln Blly, ru n f fr wh nhr rn h r whn bh fl h hy n b ly hlv n rlnh nd dn fl h nd hd bhnd hr rn r n hr g.....nrul (ru f hrr), n (ru f bly) nd unn (ru f dlur). h hr y f rnnl ru u b bul bfr r n rgnzn n rnfrv ru. M K b n n b l M w r r C w B d R A A C S

80 80 IJCO Iu ru yu? Wh r h ndr h ll yu h yu n g hd? Klu: Wll, Mryl, h n nrng qun. h ndr fr r whn h ln r kng 100% rnbly fr hrlf r hlf nd vng u f bl d. Why h n ndr? I frly blv ru lwy r fr whn. h l knwldgng n wn rngh nd wkn nd nnly nrng n wn wrn bu n lf by nnuuly dng rnl SWO (Srngh, Wkn, Orun, hr) nly. If rn d n ru hr/hlf 100%, hw n h rn vr ru nybdy l? Anhr ndr h lvl f nvrn. h r dh hr n nvrn, h lr h l r n nhr nd h r hy n frlly rl n nhr. h nvrn n y lk nyr, whr yu r ju bng l nd rng blhd rn f unn; rhr h h bly fr rv dlgu. h l uul, vgru qunng hl yur ln v bynd h lvl f un, nd bfr h, b wr f hw dly un hv rd h u rnd. I hv fund h n f h ky wy r ru wh ln nnly hllng h u qu f hr/h blf bu nwr h wh nd hw qun. hr r hr whwrd fr u n r f dlng ru nd rnbly: Fdbk, Rul nd Cnfdnly. Dwn h rd n h dvln f h hng rlnh, I fnd h wr vlv fr ru. Nw, hw d w h rnbly ulz h wr? Agn, h fr hng wrn. h qun w k h ln nd h nu w rvd hv n ff n hr/h xun f ldrh nd, hrfr, n hr l uh dr rr, llgu, nd ur. I rn hr h ur hnkng b r-rnd, rflv f bl ff ur qun nd nu y hv, nd bl wh ur wn h. A ul f hr qun y nd, nly whn h nd wh r h ndr h ll u ull bk? h bvu ndr whn w r bng rvd h rl ldr nd dn kr. Fr xl, yu h h CEO, nd hr/ h dr rr y y yu jkngly, Oh, hr ur CEO. I hnk h h ull bk nd nfrn ur ln wh vry hrd qun bu hr/hlf wh rgrd wnrh f rnbly nd wkn. R Mryl: Bynd xl yu v gvn, Klu, hr r rr r gnl h I v brvd ugg ru burgnng. If nn f h urrng rgnlly, fr ul f nh, I d hv y h w r ju kng h urf nd r n rng h hgh lvl f ru. Al, f I n h rqu n ny f h r nd h nwr n unquvl, N! I br xn hn nd hr wh hnd h ru lng h wy. ) Whn ln nrdu hr r nd hr ubrdn hr h rhr hn kng h rlnh rv. b) Whn hy k brv h n frn f hr. ) Whn hy gv hghly nfdnl nfrn nd k y unl n hw hy huld rd wh. d) Whn hy k nrvw hr drr, hr ru ur r hr brd br rgrdng hr ldrh. ) Whn hy k d nfl rlun hng wh h nd llgu r ubrdn. f) Whn hy k fr nruv fdbk n drrn v fdbk. g) Whn hy k hduld hng n vn n r hl h lrfy hr hnkng nd rv hr dn kng rhr hn lng

81 81 IJCO Iu fgh fr. h) Whn hy hr wh br f hr. Klu: S, Mryl...Hw d yu rl dl ru nd rnbly n h ln rgnzn? Wh r yur nl ngrdn? Mryl: hr r hr whwrd fr u n r f dlng ru nd rnbly: Fdbk, Rul nd Cnfdnly. Prh yu ll dgr wh h rdr I nn h hng, Klu. I u h Nubr On hng w d blh ur kn nr nd nn h Cln fdbk. I lwy kng fr fdbk n hw wll h rgnzn/ndvdul Cln xn r bng, nd rng wh r nd run ny hr fll. My h r l rnd k fr fdbk vry junur n h hng rlnh: fr h Cln h nd f vry hng n, fr h Snr grd un nrvl blhd h u f h nggn, nd h ln g f h nggn. W hnk ur ln fr llng u h ugh uff. And w k vbl ur ffr un nd dnr ur n nhn h Cln Exrn. h Nubr w hng w d h ur Cln n rvng bun rul. hr r ny hng h wll hrn rul fu n hng nd wh h rndu n fllw h Cln h r h fgh fr nd f gng fr h gld. W r dg wh h rvrbl bn wh rgrd h Cln/rgnzn bjv. Unl h bjv rngd, w n b und n n h Cln h gl n vry n nd n vry dgnd n. h Nubr hr hng w d b rgn f drn. I u h l n bu f l rn hn h hr w, bu bu hrhld rqurn fr ny hng. Sll, f ur, w nd bd by lr rr fr h rn f nfdn rgh fr h bgnnng f nr. Hwvr, hr r ubl hllng ur r f nfdnly vry w un wh nyn n h rgnzn. Fr xl, ur nv d n u ln n bu rhr r dd fr h nrng ffr undrndng nly. Yu v ld bu un n hng whr yu fnd yu nd hllng nvnnl wd nd rk h b f d blf wh xr nd nhu. Whr yu u dvld ru rk. I hugh I d nn n uh un hr nd wh w r ll lrnng fr. In rrn whr 5-6 f u r wrkng wh xuv nd hr dr rr, w hv rd kk-ff ng u ur hng. h h bn wrkng xrly wll (r w hugh) fr 12 nh. In h wk, I dvrd fr hng n f y ln h h w unwr h dr rr w undrgng hng n h r f rn, unn nd rnn, hn hd n nu n h drn f h hng. Ind, y Cln b hd rd n h ng rng vry lndn rngl. h w blnd fr. I hd rvd h nv fr h hng nd h rd ng, bu d n un h h Cln knw h w gng n. Whn I rlzd wh hd urrd, I wn h nrng ffr nd xlnd hr r ubl hllng ur r f nfdnly vry w un wh nyn n h rgnzn. Fr xl, ur nv d n u ln n bu rhr r dd fr h nrng ffr undrndng nly. f h K M r I r f b l w Y 5 f r h W

82 82 IJCO Iu h I wuld b rng y Cln h h hr rl r ny h wn b fuur rd ud ng. h hrw h nrng ffr, h Cln b nd h Ch wh rr n y nxy, y h l! h rn f ndr unn n h Dvn f h rrn hd bn nd nd w nnd h n brd fr ll. h Cln xrd rndu grud fr bng lrd h; hwvr, h b nd h ubrdn urgh dnd h h ng hd hnd r h nhr n w ld ur. Whn w fnlly drnd h n n w judgng h ng wrng r bd, bu rhr h n h r f dr unn, nw bhvr w lld fr, h dnl vnhd bu h hh xrn ll rn. h ndn y b wrful rngbrd fr h rgnzn unlrn unr-rduv bhvr n whh h lng nggd. W wll ry ur h hng fr llly nurl n. Yu v d h n yur xrn, n f h ky wy r ru wh ln nnly hllng h u qu f hr/h blf n h nwr h wh nd hw qun. Yu v d h n yur xrn, n f h ky wy r ru wh ln nnly hllng h u qu f hr/h blf n h nwr h wh nd hw qun. I d y w k fr rn d h whn w g vr h lg fr hng, bu I n ur h flk rbr h unl w r n h un. h wy w k h ru I u hrugh ur n ur fdbk r. Whn w r h g hr xlly r lly h I ru yu wll nd u ndd nd yu wll gv rghfrwrd fdbk, fl fr dgr wh y nn,., w r l lnng h d h w y rfully dgr wh h Cln, nd u h r hr, nd d ur lvl b r wrn, xnd rn nd urf lrnv. Whn yu k, Klu, Wuld yu y h gnrl xrn h xuv h hv? I rlly dn knw bu I ur h. Y b q Klu: Cng fr Grn ulurl bkgrund nd wrkng ly wh Grn xuv, I fr hl h rlly k ldrh rnbly, whh ly n ld nd fl frbl dng. Wh d I n by h? Wll, whn h Grn ulur nd I nly rlng h Grny, n ny hr Grn kng unr h Grn wrd fr ld führn nd ldr Führr. Nw, I gu yu undrnd wh I ryng n u hr. Du ur rn Grn hry, h wrd nd h n f führn ll n unnu b, bu ully rld h hrd Rh xrn, whh w vry nful h wrld. A rr ldr, yu dn wn b unnuly rd wh r vd n h nghbrhd f Adlf Hlr. hrfr nd du h f h Englh Grn lngug, h Grn rr wrld d n h Englh lngug. Englh fr f ny ngv nnn wh rfrn h wrd ldrh nd ldrh kll, n rn wh h Grn rnln. S, r f y wrk lbr h xuv fr hr dly hddn gul h ld hng bd, nd hl h lwly gn nfdn n ung h Grn wrd führn nd r, ru hlv xu ldrh. Mryl: L g n lvl dr nd xlr h d f xuv h wrkng n lln wh hr h. h w f rulr nrn ur l Exuv Chng Su w xrnl h r knly nrd n uful rnrng wh ur hr. Wh k u fr dng h r fn? Wh hn bhnd ld dr y qun. Fr xl, wh hn whn yur rnr llgu dnrng dffrn lvl f lf-wrn, nd

83 83 IJCO Iu lf-rfln? Hw d h h blhd ru nd rdbly yu hv wh yur ln? Wh r h ln fr h g nd r f ur rgng rfn whn h ur? Klu: Gd qun. A f h wrkng wh ln, w r rnn rl dl f hgh lvl ldrh nd f hgh rfrn. h n h h rnl f fr h dn kng rrn. In y rnl xrn, hr r ny hghly qulfd xuv h, bu fnd h rgh f h hllng. Wh d w nd ndr whn kng bu h rnl f fr? Fr, yu nd k h lngug, nng yu nd hv h r bl wrk h nd r vlu. Yu l nd b bl gv nd rv fdbk n n y--y lvl whu yur g gng n h wy. If yu n d h, f yu n ngg n dlnd db nd rv dlgu, yu r lng h grund fr bng v rl dl. L u hr hr, Mryl. L ur wn. Hw d yu rv wn n lnd nd wn n wr? Wh h r dffrn? In y rn, h wn n wr n h ln. A f h, yu nd b h wn n h wr, r wn wrk. h wr n f Aunbly Cn Vlung h hr Dvld fdbk ulur Dvr n wh lnry ff Funnl nd hnl kll Cn rh Mnrng nd urng rfrn If yu r rvd by h ln wn n lnd, yu r lng ru. On yur wrd nd yur wn v r n bl ny r, yu r u. Hw d yu brng h u frwrd n rdr un ru nd rdbly? I hnk w ly nd b bl hv rl nvrn wh ur llgu, u hng lrly n h bl, nd xu bldn wh n nhr whh uully undrd h lvrgng n f h rfnl rlnh. Mryl: Yu knw, Klu, I ylf hv hd xd lvl f fn n frl nd nfrl lln wh hr xuv h hrugh h yr. Uully, dwn ru. I g bk h Rn dl. If nrul ru (yu d wh yu y yu wll d) ng, h hng fll r. Mny f y l hn llr xrn wh hr xuv h wr wh h wh d n hw u wh h-lk qul ud f h hng rlnh. Fr xl, hr wh wh w y rnr n vlunrng fr nv n h vru n w blng, y n k hr n hr, y lnnng ng, y fl dlvr n gnn, r dr u whu n. I wn llbr wh n n rf nggn f hy dn hw u n vlunr n. S h u n nrul ru bu n ru fr xl, h Ch hw n nd judgn n dun wh bu h Cln A f h wrkng wh ln, w r rnn rl dl f hgh lvl ldrh nd f hgh rfrn. h n h h rnl f fr h dn kng rrn. Yu knw, Klu, I ylf hv hd xd lvl f fn n frl nd nfrl lln wh hr xuv h hrugh h yr. Uully, dwn ru. h K n f l u y w I y H I r M d r S

84 84 IJCO Iu r Pr. W nd hv frnk dun n rdr h h Cln h Ch n rn, bu hgh lvl f nl nllgn rrqu fr wrk wh nr ngn. h Ch ndury-rlvn xr y b hgh, bu lw EQ wll k h f fr wrkng n ur nggn. Bu I hv y h n w n uh h l Su nvgng h whl llbrn hng, I v bn fr r nu f y wn ndrd nd rqurn, whh h nd u nvng x hr h wrk wh. Klu: Wh bu h ky u fr fr u xuv h uh urrundng urlv wh undng r n h hng wrld nd fr hr dln, nnly hllngng ur ln u qu, r bng n xr n r? Mryl, wh wuld yu y nd b nlly ddd fr ru rv? Mryl: Wh I g fr yur qun h rndr h hng, fr ll, hd f nqury, nd n h nly hd f nqury. I fr h wrld f h l n, hvng bn rnd lg. Rrh y bg. I ylf rn-brvr whn I hng. A uh, I lwy ndung rrh wh hun ubj. I ju n wrng u h rul udy. I gng nfrd ylf nd ung y xrn hl y ln wh nw hnkng. My gu I wll lwy b lld wh h wrld f rrh nd hug fn f ur rfn nnul Rrh Syu. I n h fuly f Nw Yrk Unvry rf rgr n hng whr w h h hng drv fr x dln, I d yng br f dvln n h f h r. My rulr nr l n h r f hng nd y hry. Mngn n l hld gr l fr. h d, Cln d un n u, hr nfdn nd unlr, b wh. h h nd dnn f ru h Rn wr bu n ru. I n nugh h w hv ndury-f xr, r h w knw hw h, r vn h w knw hr rgnzn wll. Mny w r lkd fr hng h wll nrlz wh hnng h h Cln r rgnzn n grund h/lf nd v n nw drn. D h k n? Wh yur k n h, Klu? In h nd, h nvrn h h hr f hng nd h quly f h nvrn h b fr buldng ru. Klu: I dfnly d k n, Mryl. In y nn, k ur l wh hgh lvl f lf-wrn hld nvrn nd, hrfr, nnuuly r ru. On nd b bl dly qun nlf vr nd vr gn, nvr k nyhng fr grnd n rdr k nd I qu yu hr, Mryl h hd f nqury hgh quly lvl. In h nd, h nvrn h h hr f hng nd h quly f h nvrn h b fr buldng ru. Fnl Cn Mryl: h nvrn h bn y nng fr n nubr f wy. h ubj f ru xrly rn, bu h bn rlgd h bk f y nd, whr y unl Cln rurng fr bryl nd w u dl wh hd n. Brngng ru frn nd nr n h dlgu d bh unfrbl nd nrgzd. Unfrbl bu d hnk nd ln f h dnn I v hd wh l n ur rfn n h ru frn, nd nrgzd, bu I rlzd h h ECS (Exuv Chng Su) dun n 2005 vd u y wn bundr nd I

85 85 IJCO Iu ndrd fr llbrn. A nqun, I rlly rud y h y rg lln r wrkng wll nd ur ln lv u. h vry dffrn nr hn yu wuld hv hrd fr bfr h 2005 Su. Klu: Mryl, I rlly wuld lk hnk yu fr h nrng ngh yu v hrd n ur wrk ghr r h nd gn n h nvrn. Nw u yu, dr rdr, hv h nvrn wh yurlf, yur r nd yur ln. Rfrn Rn, D., & Rn, M. (1999). ru & bryl n h wrkl. Sn Frn: Brr -Khlr. Nw u yu, dr rdr, hv h nvrn wh yurlf, yur r nd yur ln. 2 K R

86 86 IJCO Iu Dur fr Dyn Enggn BY MIKE R. JAY, DEVELOPMENALIS Rbr n y l ung whr I d I w gng d Pr w f ldrh dyn nggn? Wll, h bg l fr, l lk bu n f y fvr, n whh nubr f y llgu l fnd juy SAGE Ldrh. h rn fr h dur h dyn nggn hdy, lx rh h, qu frnkly, fw l wll b nrd n unl hy run n h ul-d- f hr fvr hry rd, f yu h y drvng hr. MUSINGS D B Whl n h hr hnd SAGE Ldrh n rhy f h. Y, rhy, lk n Jung. Inrng wrk bng dn h dy rund h glb rgrdng rhy. I u wll b h nx bg hng hng wll wng rund bu f h wrk Clr Rll dng wh h nw bk, h Culur Cd. I rvwd hr, f yu r nrd: h:// bkrvw. Y Rll rhy lv yu wnng h, fr ur, bu n SAGE Ldrh. SAGE n rhy rh dffrn hn ny wuld ugg ldrh yl, lhugh dndng un wh dfnn f h SAGE rhy yu rd, h y f ldrh drwn fr h Jungn rhy gh n b bd l

87 87 IJCO Iu bgn. I ll l yu dd h, bu fr nw, hr hw I wn ly wh h ldrh g. SAGE n y d f rly n rny rhr hn n rhy. Hr why. Wy bk n h bgnnng f y ung hry I hv d nn f ubj-bj rln. h rln r drbd by Rbr Kgn n hr h Evlvng Slf, r In Ovr Our Hd, k yur k. Fr h f yu wh r r drnd g n h r f dfnng h ubj nd bj (nd f yu llng yurlf xuv h huld b dly nvrn n h hry, f ur n y nn) n yur ln ud hry r hry n u (Argyr), hn yu wll wn g yur hnd n h SOI Gud Inrvwng fr Kgn ff Hrvrd. H n dun, ju ll h ff nd y yu wn h Subj-Obj Inrvwng Gud fr 1988, I blv f y flng ry rv. Ok, nw, hr rlly why yu nd undrnd SAGE n rny r hr nd n n rhy. Arhy r rn n vryhng w d, hwvr h FIRS fr SAGE ldr n y hry h hy r nu lf-uhrng (Kgn lvl 4). h rn nd why I rvdd h ff-r Kgn bv. Ohr-drd ldr (Kgn lvl 3), r wh ll lzng ubj-bj rln k u hr dny fr h rund h. Whl h gh wndrful ny, n gr hv ldr n h knd f rlv n. A SAGE ldr n y vw lk hr rvd d, bu r h f ung h r hr wn rnl f hw h wrld wrk rh vn ulzng h kll f hr d h k. S,, SAGE ldrh h f lvl f dvln rd r urd bfr hy vr rwl n h SAGE bruh. (Hd g n rfrn h Orgn rl yu knw, bu w hv l f SAGE ll rund u, bu n ny SAGE ldr k f.) Ch y nng hr? u Fr Gu SAGE SAGE d n SAGE bruhd by hr! In fw wrd, hr h SAGE dl: S n SAGE nd fr rul, fr whu r n un f ldrh n b w n wrld f dng nd nn-dng. A n SAGE nd fr nbl, nd I uld nd wll rbbly dy wr bk n h vry r. Mny hv rd, ny hv dd, bu r n nbl. h llun f nbly n ldrh dy dlun. Why rn ldr rng nbl fllwng? Bu f h lk f dvln, whh n h nbly dffrn h ngrd! Huh? Wll, yu hrd hr fr, flk. Ju kddng. h yhbbbl d whu rv nd h bly n nly rund rnr, bu hr hrugh h n, r fl h vbrn f h junk lld ldrh dy wn g yu rd n Mdy r nywhr l. A I? N, bu I n hr I gu Wl Durn d n Ln f Hry I rl. And h, y dr frnd, whr nbl r. hr uh vn hng, lly whn w r lkng bu ll h hrd vn lrky h d rund by und wh nvr d ru l S W j E O A l l u A h d ( S h b I S w A b l H W n r

88 88 IJCO Iu yrll. Anyhng h hrd n bg rubl. If yu dn blv, rvl Ru. Anbl n h I undrnd nd hv vlud h rur I hv ldr, nludng hun rur, nd I undrnd nd hv vlud h rly f bun nd rgnzn n h nwrk rv nd I knw hw r h lngug I nd y h whh r wh nd b hrd, fl nd xrnd by h l wh r nrd fllw. Blv, h r d hn dn, bu f yu ny SAGE dl h undffrnd lng h ln nd r vryn h, vw vryhng hrugh hrd ln, hn hd h hr wy, w y u hr n h w. G n SAGE nd fr gnrv. And h wh yu g f yu hv h S nd h A n l. Gnrv-n, r gnrvy gh ll, whr w r ull wn. Fr lng, w v hrd bu h wn-wn rn. h h rvd u fr, bu h wn-wn h h rdud glbl wrng! Yk, wh dd I y? Y, w hv lng rd n ll b f w uld, fl, uh, hr, r, hn w wr lkng wn-wn. Wh hnd? Wh hnd w h lk f nn-ll nnn. W nly rnly dvrd h wn-wn wn llw u hd h nvrnnl u w v rd h wn-wn dn xln why hun rur g xld f yu n y, glblzn. N, n y vw, hr r fw SAGE ldr dl bu wn-wn dn u nyr. Unl ldrh gnrv, nd lv r rbl hn r unl bh ll nd nn-ll n nqun, n SAGE! E nd fr lgl. Of ur yu gh x h ng hw yu hv rd hrugh h rn h fr. Bu whn I lk lgl, I n nly lkng grn hr, flk. I lkng h lgy f nwrk dyn. I bl b rul, nbl nd gnrv whu hvng h lgy f hng n nd. Whhr h b h lgy f fly y, uny nwrk, r h ln n nd grn. Whl h nvrnn rn, whh nvrnn r w lkng bu hw bu h nvrnn f nd, r h nvrnn f wrk, r h nvrnn f ur nqun? Our nrrw-fud blnkng rund h rd wndrful f l rbl h uld nly fr h nrrw f wrdh rg. Enblng l n n rgnzn funn wh hr rngh rqur lglly rw n nnr I n xln n fw hr nn. Oh y, I blv dyn nggn nl, bu whu SAGE ldrh, ll ju nhr g ly k h ldrh bld full f g nd wy n whh gnr h rl rbl whl w rrrng h nl n ur ff. Bk n h rng f 2006, f y ry rv, I rll n rl n n f h wk, hr nw r bun whh d h Chn wuld b hr r hn 75,000 ldr whn fw yr. I wndr wh wr h rl nd wh lgy hy fr. hy huld hv nd h n h US, w r hr hundrd f hund f ldr, l ln SAGE ldr! W lk ldr n Cngr, h Sn, n h xuv brnh, h gvrnn, bun, nrrnurh nd vn uh, h gng ng n hng. By h h g r, h lrg rgnzn f h wll hv ndud Fuur f Chng Su n Vnuvr. Lrd wllng, I wll hv

89 89 IJCO Iu ndd nd I hv n d wh wll hv hnd nd hn gn, I d knw bfr hn wh wll hn. Wll hr b vdn f SAGE ldrh n h l llng f h wrld l h? H. Wh I bu y wll nrn fr ur NO! Our vry wn ndury lk SAGE ldrh fr h rn I v d bv. WE r h blnd ldng h blnd. And h wh l bu hng. hund f -lld h, ny wh dr ll hlv ldrh h hv n d f wh hy r dng. W rh lng bhnd h d drub f ldr wh n ld nd ldr wh hv ld u h brnk f dr wh hr fny dl, hr undng ldrh nly fnd h wrld nw wr l hn whn hy hd hndd vr h. H, SAGE ldrh xl? I ju dn hnk w r hr y. I u ll ylf u hr nd I wr h nw lng ung rlz h ud hry ju n lngr gd nugh. Durng h yr I hv hllngd ylf b r SAGE-lk ldr, r dn h, r llng nr nd r gnrv flr. Muh f h bynd, I n fully wk nd dn knw f I wll wkn n h lf. Bu I lv yu hr dy n h d f h SAGE bruh I hllng YOU ndr yurlf, yur ldrh nd yur n n r rul, nbl, gnrv nd lgl-bd ldrh rdg w ll r n h n ghr. Nx, dyn nggn fr ur! b W H O W d l I l N Mk Jy M

90 90 IJCO Iu ADLER Shl f Prfnl Chng-SuhW Phnx, AZ / Wrkl Chng Skll fr Ldr h wrd wnnng, xrnl 2-dy ur rvd ldr wh ld grundng n hng l, hnqu nd hry lly dvld fr wrkl ln. Prf fr ldr & ngr, HR rfnl, nuln, nd rnng & dvln l wh wn lrn ffv hng kll nd blh gd hng hb. Fbrury 12-13, 2007 Arl 19-20, 2007 Chng h hr dy ur ruurd lvng lb dvl kll n nhnng gru y fr ynrgy, hny, wnrh, nd rfrn. My 3-5, 2007 Srnghnng Wrkl Rlnh: Chng fr Inrrnl Cnnn Rlnh u r n f h w rn ldr fl. h hr dy ur rvd rn ngh nd kll fr hng ndvdul dvl r ffv rlnh. My 9-11, 2007 Fundn f Prfnl Chng (ICF Ardd Prgr) h hghly xrnl 5-dy ur rvd rhnv nrdun hng, nng rng hrl fundn, nrdun ur unquly wrful nd flxbl hng dl, l nd hnqu fr hng, rl nfrn, nd l f nrd r. Fundn bh nd-ln nrdun hng, nd h rng n fr ur ICF Ardd Crf f Prfnl Chng rgr. Our h rnng rgr knwn fr rngh n wrkl hng ln. Fbrury 5-9, 2007 Arl 23-27, 2007 July 16-20, 2007 Obr 1-5, 2007 Fbrury 4-8, 2008 h Chng Cnvrn n h Cnx f Wrk Pr 2 f ur ICF Ardd Chng Crf Prgr (Prrqu: Fundn f Prfnl Chng) Jun 4-8, 2007 COACHING CALENDAR

91 91 IJCO Iu Mvng wrd Arful Chng Pr 3 f ur ICF Ardd Chng Crf Prgr (Prrqu: Fundn f Prfnl Chng nd h Chng Cnvrn n h Cnx f Wrk) Sbr 24-28, 2007 Pl ll r ur wb rgr. h Exuv Algnn Pr (ExuAP) Mr rnng Fr Ch nd Cnuln Ldr 4 _ - Dy Innv Obr 9-13 Lndn/Nvbr 6-10 Chg r rnfr xuv nd yur r! Lrn wrful r h fr h rvn hv nru n ln rgnzn, fr xdng ln xn, nd ld xndd nd xndd wrk fr h nuln! Dvld nd rnd by xuv h Ml Krn. Mk bggr n ln rgnzn Exnd h z, nur nd u f yur nulng nggn Drlly rv h ffvn f nr ldrh Enhn bly dvl rlnh wh nr xuv Grdu rr llng nggn whn dy nd wk f lng h rnng Prgr nlud brkf, lunh, rv kl ry, hr n-hur ur hng n, lrn PwrPn fl, r. Fr Q & A nfrn ll fr yur qun. Cn rryr@krnnulng. Cl dl: h:// Ldng ng Edun n Ldrh Chng ng Ldrh n n Chng ng C rr C hn g S kll wh Pr Awrd Wnnr Gl Dnnr & Mry Whlr, O. 13 & 14 n rn F un d n f P r f nl C h ng gwy ICFrdd h rnng rgr, O n rn Ev lu n nd R OI f C h ng wh IJCO xuv dr Jhn Lzr, 10 wkly ll bgnnng Nv. 7 r l nf@dlr. Prud nr f IJCO

92 92 IJCO Iu Mr Rynld, Prdn f Cvnng Ldrh Dvln, Mnrng, Sh Chng I blv h uh f h rn gld (nl, rul nd fnnl) n y lf rul f by bng uhd by yu. Yu nr. Yu r lwy lkng fr nw wy hllng yurlf nd grw. Yu r vvy bun wn wh nrdbl fu nd drnn. Yu r dly n wh l f hr nd ul. And yu r dn gd h. Yu nbl bl whu uhng. hnk yu fr bng wrful rn n y lf. Db Wlr, Prdn, Crr Arn, In. Mr, yu r gld! I zd yur bly f hrugh y d nd dly zr-n h hr f y g. Afr h f ur n, I v bn nrd nd nrgzd r n unfrgbl xrn fr y udn. K Gd, Ovn In. A h vlu fr y ny? Abluly! In h, I lwy h urrund ylf wh rnl nd vw n lr n. Mr k lk hng n nw wy. h gd. Bu f h bln h nnly rv hv n hr wn lf, I hv hn dd hr xl y wn rnly nd lfyl. I wrk! Lynn Brzynk, Prdn, Mlly Md Inrnnl r n u dr nd Mr@ Cvnng. Phyll Cgn, CBC, CEC 1810 Glf Vw Drv Brl, IL USA (fx) hyll@xl. XSEL Prfrn Srg bun hng fr h lz n ng ndvdul n dfnng nd lnng hr rfnl bjv. h hd fu nrnl ruh wrd xrnl gl by nurgng ln ld hr gl nd ln n n ffv nd hl ln f n. COACHING MARKEPLACE r d d b z I w h w w C X f

93 93 IJCO Iu h Fundn f Chng 350 Prk Avnu 30h Flr Nw Yrk, Nw Yrk W r buldng h Fundn f Chng d wh n hr ngl rgnzn n d fr hng. W r rng nnrf, ndndn rur, brngng ghr h v rry f rfnl rgnzn, unvr, llg, rnng, h, ln, udn, nd hr nrd n hng wrldwd. W wn ll vry ublhd d udy n hng nd k h bdy f rrh vlbl n n nln rry. W wn n hng-rld rrh. W wn nurg ldng-dg hnkng, r-rvwd rrh, nd nrnnl dlgu. h Fundn wll l fr, Glbl Vnry Fllw, wh hvn r knwldgn nd rgnn, nd wh urrn wrk r ur. h Fundn wll l h Glbl Dlgu, nvng ldr n h hng wrld r. Jn u w buld h glbl hng uny! W d D Fr r nfrn, v u: h:// F Agn Mur In. HE NEXUS BEWEEN BUSINESS CULURE AND RESULS A Agn Mur, MA MCC, ddd h grwh f h hng rfn n f rng gnrv, rduv nd fulfllng wrk nvrnn. Agn Mur, In. h dvld n bl rrd f wrful Ldrh Chng nrvnn n nuru glbl n nnng hr nnn, nd h bn qully ddd urng rln llr fr n h wrn US. W hl nr Ldr ld fr hr r nvn, rnfr n rubl f ffvn, nd hng nd ngr Culur rfl h vlu nd rg f h rgnzn. W rvd bh f h r xuv hng fr ndvdul, nd hgh- dvln r fr fr nr xuv hrugh d-lvl ngr. W fl rg lnnng rr nd dn-kng r fr brd nd xuv. Our xrnl wrkh h Ldr Ch nhr h r f hng n n ulurl fbr. f Agn Mur bk, 10 h nd Vrn fr Pdrn Ldr nd hr Ch vlbl hrugh: Agn@AgnMur.

94 94 IJCO Iu h ICCO Sy ICCO h hgh-lvl, n ll nvrn ng ll h nun f h Orgnznl Chng ndury. hrugh h n nvrn, nr rn hr u nd flur n rl lf ud f hng n rgnzn. Orgnzn hr hr xrn wh xuv h. Orgnznl dn kr fl nbld yz nd lr hr nrnl r du h dlgu. Ch dur nd rrhr rn wll lrn bu h n qun h nnu urrund h r f gr hng n rgnzn. Rundbl dun bu nnvv hng ln n u h ndvdul rv. Mny dun r hld n ll gru nd lf ngd. Plnry n fn ur n n n fr. Gru hr hr fndng wh h uny. Yu r nvd n f h xluv vn. h r ld-y vn, wh xu f 30 rn, nur n dlgu nd nngful nwrkng run. ICCO d hldng vrl Srng nd Fll Sy n 2007, n vru US ln wll nrnnl ln (h fr nn-usa yu b hld n Mx Cy). Fnd u bu ung y nd rgr n-ln hrugh h ICCO wb:

95 95 IJCO Iu Jhn Lzr, MA, MCC Prdn, Jhn B. Lzr & A, In. Clyzng Prfrn fr Bun Su W h hgh rfrr n ky rl - nr xuv, ngr nd - hv grr u nd rnl fn. Our ln n fnd hlv n dffrn un: h wh xl n hr jb nd r nrnd wh nnng k rfrn; h wh r frurd nd unbl g bk n rk; h wh hv kn n lrgr unbl r r rgd fr rn; nd h fng h hllng f hng, unrny, nd hfng rr. W buld ruwrhy, nruv ln rlnh. Our hng fu n dvlng vrl rl kll nd n: lf-wrn nd lf-ngn; xndd vn; ffv unn; wrful wrkng rlnh; nd rnl rnbly nd h wh n f frd. h buldng blk r h b fr ur rgr: Dvlng nlly ffv ldrh Dvlng ffv Gng rn durng rnn Crl hnkng kll rnng nd fln Crng rnl bly n unrn Runnng ng h nd b ln hnk uh fr yur rv nd h ruln rvdd n y bun. Yur dl nn dl hd u h r, ln h dr nd r lry. h rul wr ruly dr!!! N Bkrvll Jhnn, Exuv Drr, Jubln, In. Wrkng wh Jhn h kn ur rgnl ngn h nx lvl f rfrn nd hld ur vlv. I xrly ld wh h Jhn h hd n ur rgnzn nd ur nl fr grwh. H dn gr jb. J Rn, CEO, Rn Eyr Bun ldr r rhd h l wrk wly nd wll, k r f hr l nd ur, nd k hr nrr hrvng. W ll nd rnr hllng ur l nd wrk xnd ur bl I lly ndr h quly nd ngry f h wrk dn by Jhn Lzr nd h fr. Drln MFrln, Ownr nd CEO, Drln Inrr G Jhn rv n h bk, Cnvrn n Su, Vlu 6, nd n h DVD Mr Ky Su nd h CD/DVD r k Yur Pwr Bk, nw vlbl n h wb. W wrk n bh rnr wll n ndvdul rfrrl b. Cn u by hn (ll-fr n h U.S. nd Cnd), (wrldwd), v l jblh@lzrnulng., r hrugh ur wb, www. lzrnulng.. W l W r N j G W

96 96 IJCO Iu [Onln dun fru nd uny] Lfwrgh Ld. 4 Shlr Pl, Lndn, N16 0RF h Chng Fru h fr ndndn nln uny nd dun fru fr h fr ll rfnl bkgrund, ll rnng rgnzn, ll rfnl n nd ll unr. Mbrh fr nd w nnd k h wy! Our n dvn nd rnghn h hng rfn nd h by kng h rfn vbl; by dun nd db; hrugh rng rrh nd nr; nd llng rur. Our vn grw hng ghr! Pl jn u nd rd h wrd. C: brh fr Inrun: v brw, rgr nd njy. Any nqur l n nf@ hhngfru.. w [ L b k v C I rk Chng Gru 500 E Rqu Club Pl Mh, N rk nd rk Chng Gru r Ar rr ur fr u dgnd buldng, ldrh dvln, nd ndvdul nd hng. A rk w buld l nd nn. W r unqu. W ln. W rgz nd k xrrdnry r n vryhng w d. Whhr w ndu rgr ur -f-h-r lrnng nr n h ful Ozrk fhll r h ln ln, w r u dgnd rgr h ur ln nd nd xd hr xn. ur ur n xlln, w gurn urbl rul nd ffr n unndnl gurn. Inrun: Cll (901) r -l jrr@rk.. d l l I

97 97 IJCO Iu Dvlng Ldr, Dlvrng Rul ChWrk Inrnnl, In. uny f Exuv Ldr Ch d wrkng wh ldr, nd rgnzn nhn n fr hngng, nd r br wy f ng rkl dnd. ChWrk rvd xuv hng rv, n nd ldrh rnng rl, rur nd rv nnlly nd nrnnlly. ChWrk fl unbl rul n h r f rl nd urrn nrn fr lvl ln. Afr yr f ndury xrn, ChWrk Inrnnl h rvn rrd n ldrh dvln nd hlng ln rlz lun h u nrnng xuv dy. ChWrk rvd full rng f hng vry lvl f ngn, lzng n C-Lvl Exuv, Snr Mngn, Ldrh nd Brd f Drr. Chng xr nd l nlud lx y hng, rvly-hld un nd rnn hng, nd n-brd hng fr xuv wh jr nw rnbl. C C n C C Lgy Ldrh Rur nd rnng Srv ChWrk dvld Lgy Ldrh, rhnv nd hghly dbl ldrh dl h grwng nd f hngng ldrh n dy glbl uny. A full rng f rur r vlbl fr u rgnznlly nd ndvdully nludng hng h Lgy Ldrh dl, rnng vn, ndvdul wrkbk, hrdy n nd dvln ln, full rv nln 360 fdbk rv nd wd rng f d ur rl. Currnly, Lgy Ldrh vlbl n vrl dffrn fr nludng: Lgy Ldrh - h Orgnl Bun Mdl, Lgy Ldrh fr Edur, Lgy Ldrh fr Cuny, Lgy Ldrh fr Kd, Lgy Ldrh n Frnh nd Krn, nd Lgy Ldrh Fh Vrn. ChWrk h rnd vr 300 flr wh dlvr Lgy Ldrh rnng vn, nu, nd nr n rr r rgnznl vnu, wll wh ndvdul hng ln. Fr r nfrn bu ChWrk rv nd rnng rl, ll r v ur wb www. ChWrk. r Dr. C. Jnnn Sndr, MCC (Dll, x USA) Dr: Dr. L Sh, MCC (Sl, Whngn USA) Dr: L C n h L C F F C D D ADLER Shl f Prfnl Chng-SuhW Ch rnng & Crfn Adlr Shl f Prfnl Chng-SW, LLC N. u Blvd., #9-182 Phnx, Arzn USA Offrng n ICF-Ardd Ch rnng Prgr, nd h wrd wnnng Wrkl Chng Skll fr Ldr, Adlr Shl f Prfnl Chng-SW ur ndvdul nd rgnznl xlln hrugh xlln n hng nd h rnng. Adlr rgr, vlbl bh fr ubl nrlln r uzd fr rgnzn, rvd wrful hng kll nd dvl hghly ffv ldr. Our rr rgr ur rgnzn n hfng hng ulur h wr ndvdul, nv nnvn, r n nvrnn fr n unn, buld rful rlnh, nd rvd runy fr nngful nrbun, ll ldng grr fn, rvd rfrn nd br b ln rul. Pl ll r ur wb fr r nf, urrn hdul nd rgrn nfrn. O S b P

98 98 IJCO Iu Enl Inllgn: Enggng Hun Cl Our n rnfr ndvdul nd h rgnzn n whh hy wrk hr hgh nl. W d h by lyng nl nllgn n rl, buldng Enggd Ldr wh nr nnvn, lyly nd rduvy. W blv h l, n bun, ud nd h h f kll r wh rdu h hrd rul! W ll h nggn, h nd rlnh bwn wrkr nd wrk. W lh h by lyng nl nllgn n rl ung hng nd gru lrnng, h l n b r ffv nd ffn hndlng bgu f rlnh, hng nd nnvn. hrugh ur Enggd Ldr nd rrry hng rgr, w r uhn ldrh fr ndvdul ll rgnznl lvl nd vry g f h wrk-lf yl, lvng h r nfdn, ffv nd fulflld. Plh Glbl dnl h lxy f hng n ngbl, nbl rg h hl l hng n hun. O W h P Our nrnnl Exrn wng hr yu nd rdy fr nw bl fr n rchng.. gn h ynrgy whn Effvly buld yur hng r, dn yur hng kll nd dvl yurlf ung rchng - gudng : E ÿ Engg ly wh nl ln ÿ Ch d lvl ÿ Offr ln unqu xrn ÿ Buld yur bun ÿ Wrk hllly rchng bd n h rm ( r-ulurl rlnh dl h rnl nd rgnnl rg fr u. h dl blnd f nn Chn wd nd drn Wrn hugh rflng h ln nd ruur f Nur. rm ud by h, rnr, flr, nd ngr rund h wrld rv bhvur nd rfrn. ERACOACHING ELECLASS: rgr r fr r nfrn, n: Ll Hln llh@rrlfh..