Quality of Service (QoS(
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1 Quality of Service (QoS( QoS)» intserv versus diffserv» ATM» community versus public Internets» monitoring High Speed file transfer» high performance LAN assumed» will remain problematic on high bandwidth*delay paths» could possibly conflict with strong security requirements» monitoring Conclusions CERN connectivity update Olivier Martin (Slide 1)
2 Quality of Service (QoS) Two approaches proposed by the IETF:» integrated services (intserv( intserv), intserv is an end-to-end architecture based on RSVP that has poor scaling properties.» differentiated services (diffserv( diffserv). diffserv is a newer and simpler proposal that has much better chances to get deployed in some real Internet Service Providers environments, at least. ATM is far from dead, but has serious scaling difficulties. MPLS is promising. In the meantime, community managed Internets will remain the best solution. Olivier Martin (Slide 2)
3 Internet Japan Canada ESnet JANET SURFNET vbns STARTAP MREN Abilene Commodity Internet DFN CIXP TEN-155 CERN CERN PoP USA Mission oriented Olivier Martin (Slide 3)
4 QoS Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) worked very well for Telnet style traffic on medium speed serial interfaces, not available on ATM. CAR capable IOS versions installed, some bugs identified, capability disabled. QoS mechanisms needed for: VRVS (Virtual Room Videoconferencing System)» Considering to use RSVP or dedicated ATM VC IP telephony (CERN,( DESY, FNAL, SLAC)» Priority queuing adequate Video on Demand services» icair diffserv capable IBM Video Charger Olivier Martin (Slide 4)
5 Maximum TCP throughput under periodic packet loss Following formula proposed by Matt Mathis/PSC ( The Macroscopic Behavior of the TCP Congestion Avoidance Algorithm ) to approximate the maximum TCP throughput under periodic loss: (MSS/RTT)*(1/sqrt(p)) where MSS is the maximum segment size, 1460 bytes, in practice, because of Ethernet, and p is the packet loss rate. The above formula shows the extreme sensitivity of achievable TCP throughputs in the presence of, even small, packet loss rates (i.e. less than 5%). Olivier Martin (Slide 5)
6 QoS Monitoring Various statistics available: sunstats.cern.ch/mrtg PINGER, Traceping RIPE, NIMI & Surveyor probes installed. Netperf & Tcptrace used for benchmarking & tuning URL-GET (Web page access & Throughput). statistics collected with SNMP polling and Netflow. Olivier Martin (Slide 6)
7 Conclusions ItmaywellbethattheQoS problem, having no solution, will never be solved! Pragmatic solutions do exist, however, in: well controlled environments Can HEP afford them? Monitoring is essential in order to: see & understand the problem, fix the problem, tune the applications, see & understand the problem, etc, Olivier Martin (Slide 7)
8 CERN connectivity update Main Internet connections Telecom Operators & ISPs CERN Internet exchange Point (CIXP) CERN GigaPoP (August 1999) C&W (Chicago) Colocation Status (August 99) STAR TAP access model STAR TAP Olivier Martin (Slide 8)
9 Main Internet RENATER (French Academic & Research Network). SWITCH Next Generation (Swiss Academic & Research Network (supplied by diax)). TEN-155 (Trans-European Network Mb/s). Combined CERN-SWITCH access (25% CERN, I.e. 40Mbps) US Line consortium (USLIC) CERN, US/HEP (via Caltech & DoE), Canada/HEP (via Carleton) IN2P3 (CCPN Lyon). World Health Organization (WHO). Olivier Martin (Slide 9)
10 Telecom Operators & France Telecom fiber installed 2*OC48 (2.4 Gbps). Swisscom 2*OC12 (622 Mb/s) redundant SDH local loop installed. New Telecom Operators DiaX,,SIG/Thermelec Thermelec, SUNRISE, MCI/Worldcom Worldcom,, Carrier1, Multilink(*), SmartPhone(*). More Telcos expected to come (e.g. COLT) 20+ Commercial Internet Service Providers (ISP) Olivier Martin (Slide 10)
11 CERN Internet exchange Point (CIXP) Carrier1 EUnet Switched Ethernet AFstats FDDI SWITCH RENATER Bloomberg ISDnet EBONE Swisscom IP-Plus AT&T Wisper INS GlobalOne HP IBM Sunrise/ BT Petrel IProLink/ PSInet Deckpoint Catalyst 5505 Fast Ethernet SKYcache FDDI FDDI Transparent WEB Cache IN2P3 USLIC TEN-155 US Internet ATM Test Beds Olivier Martin (Slide 11)
12 CERN GigaPoP (August 1999) CERN 100 Mb/s 2Mb/s 6 Mb/s SWITCH 2Mb/s RENATER 39/155 Mb/s 20Mb/s IN2P3 National Research Networks WHO TEN-155 Mission Oriented Link Public 2Mb/s JEG (Japan) Test 100 Mb/s 155 Mb/s SwissWAN C&W Commercial C-IXP Olivier Martin (Slide 12)
13 Internet Access Models Japan Canada ESnet JANET SURFNET vbns STARTAP MREN Abilene Commodity Internet DFN CIXP TEN-155 CERN CERN PoP USA Mission oriented Olivier Martin (Slide 13)
14 C&W (Chicago) Colocation Status (August 99) C&W (Chicago) CERN (Geneva) CERNH8 T3 CERN-USA C&W Internet STAR TAP LS1010 E3 C&W T3 LS1010 STM-1 Olivier Martin (Slide 14)
15 STAR TAP STAR TAP (Science Technology & Research Transit Access Point) is one of three Internet exchange Points provided by AADS (Ameritech Advanced Data Services) out of a huge ATM switch, namely:» Chicago NAP» MREN (Metropolitan Research and Education Network), the local Internet2 GigaPoP.» STAR TAP A by-product is a full mesh of ATM VC with ALL the connected ISPs, thus making it easy to establish peerings and/ot to buy commercial Internet services (e.g. Exodus, NAP.NET). Olivier Martin (Slide 15)
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