CO 2 -Storage in Germany Ketzin and Beyond COORETEC AG5 Storage. Storage. Frank.Schilling@GFZ-Potsdam.de and COORETEC AG5 Team.

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1 CO - in Germany Ketzin and Beyond COORETEC AG5 Drilling Injection facility Frank.Schilling@GFZ-Potsdam.de and COORETEC AG5 Team Hydraulic testing Prospecting Permit procedure HSE issues Modelling and prediction Testing Monitoring Abandonement Prospecting

2 In-situ R&D Laboratory for Geological of CO Ketzin Berlin Potsdam km Salt Tectonics NE German Basin Potential CO storage sites in anticline structurs Förster et al. 006

3 Facies Type Beutler et al th Project Meeting, Potsdam, Sept. 18 th, 006 Juhlin et al. 007

4 7th Project Meeting, Potsdam, Sept. 18th, 006 Juhlin et al. 007 COORETEC AG5 CO 7th Project Meeting, Potsdam, Sept. 18th, 006 Juhlin et al. 007 COORETEC AG5 CO

5 Former Gas Site OW OW1 IW UGS Report Motivated Colleagues

6 Geology / Monitoring Drilling and Logging Permission Procedure

7 Risk & HSE Earthquake Risk in Germany Grünthal, GFZ

8 S Risk Analysis Scenarios CO injection N Quaternary Tertiary claystone Max gas 00 Max gas 1999 Jurassic Exter Fm Liassic sand layers Arnstadt Fm Weser Fm Stuttgart Fm Grabfeld Fm Geological section through the CO SINK injection site showing the distribution of main aquifers (Liassic sand, Exter Fm and Stuttgart Fm) and main aquitards (Tertiary claystone, Arnstadt-, Weser- & Grabfeld Fms). The maxium extension of natural gas in the Liassic reservoir section for 1999 and 00, respectively, is indicated. Ca. 1 km K. Zinck-Jørgensen (GEUS) & M. van der Molen (Shell) 006 S Risk Analysis Scenarios CO injection N Quaternary Tertiary claystone Max gas 00 Max gas 1999 Jurassic Exter Fm Liassic sand layers Arnstadt Fm Weser Fm CO Stuttgart Fm Grabfeld Fm Risk scenario : fault acts as barrier and prevent CO from further updip movement Ca. 1 km K. Zinck-Jørgensen (GEUS) & M. van der Molen (Shell) 006

9 Modelling Probabilistic Reservoir Simulation Area of channel/sting facies FLUVSIM: Deutsch and Tran 00 CO SINK drill site FLUVSIM area (10km x 9km x 80m) 00,000 cells, 100 m x 100 m x m Frykman et al. 007

10 Updated Static Geological Model Incorporating all possible information: hydraulic tests logging results laboratory data monitoring data seismic data Petrel Model - GEUS Testing

11 Laboratory Experiments Triaxial high compression rock testing setup for simulation of CO injection triaxial cell temperature 0 C/60 C confining pressure 5 MPa/30 MPa pore pressure variable 1m brine (NaCl, distilled water) supercritical CO travel times, waveforms electrical resistivity stress, strain flow data liquid sampling (geochemistry) Zemke 005 Cement Tests - Abandonment Thickness of alteration zone (mm) wet, supercritical CO CO solved in water wet, supercritical CO CO solved in Water time (hours) Kinetic study at 90 C, 80 MPa COSMOS - Schlumberger

12 Hydraulic Tests Successful Measure 16.3 g/l REM, XRD: Fe + S 0. g/l.7 g/l Fines < 1 mg/l stop of lifting after production of 100 m 3 water

13 Monitoring Smart Casing Permanent Downhole Monitoring Temperature Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Pressure (+ Temperature) Fibre optic sensor Resistivity Vertical Electrical Resistivity Array (VERA) Micro seismicity Triple Axis Accelerometer (TAA)

14 Smart Casing Installation

15 Fibre Optic Pressure Sensor Slug test in Ktzi 01 (550 m depth ) Sensor limits: p = 137 MPa,, T = 150 C Remote operation (distance > 10 km) No down hole electronics required High structural integration Reliability in hostile (HT/HP) environments Point wise or distributed monitoring Schmidt-Hattenb. et al. 007 DTS and Heater Cables Energy meter Fiber-optic DTS Electric generator or grid power Temperature Depth Line Source Heater Henninges et al. 007

16 Gas Membrane Sensor data aquisition unit gas sampling quadrupole mass spectrometer (H, He, CH, N, 0, Ar, CO, Kr ) Argon with formation gas pressurized Argon pure Argon gas flow control unit borehole fluid level formation gas formation gas phase separating membrane pressure & temperature sensor Zimmer et al. 008 Baseline - Geochemistry Nauen Havelländische Rinne meteorolgical station carbon dioxide surface soil flux determination mulitsensor in groundwater well methane determination (in meter deep wells) graben structure 600m isobaths of the Schilfsandstein 800m Falkensee Oranienburger Rinne rim of subsurface channels Zimmer et al. 007

17 Fluid Sampling Set-up at Ketzin Operations at Ketzin Injection facility Drilling Hydraulic testing

18 In-situ R&D Laboratory for Geological of CO -CO SINK Integrated Project - GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (D) G.E.O.S. Freiberg Ingenieurgesellschaft (D) Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (DK) Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute (PL) Det Norske Veritas (N) StatoilHydro (N) Shell International Exploration and Production (NL) University of Stuttgart (D) Vibrometric Finland (SF) University of Kent (GB) Uppsala University (S) RWE Power AG (D) International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Programme (GB) Vattenfall Europe Generation (D) Verbundnetz Gas AG (D) Siemens AG Power Generation (D) E.ON Energie AG (D) Schlumberger Carbon Services (Fr) CO activities at Ketzin COSink (EU) COSMOS (BMBF/DFG) CO at Ketzin COREMOVE (EU) GRASP (EU) CSLF CCS Leadership Forum (USA) CONet (EU) CHEMKIN (BMBF/DFG) CORTIS COORETEC (BMWi) COSMOS I EUROGIA (EU) COSMOS II EUROGIA (EU) CO Drill COORETEC (BMWi)

19 COORETEC AG5 The COORETEC (AG5 storage) rests on three pillars Influence of the CO off-gas quality o transport, injection and storage Information system for CO reservoir and cap rock Development of methods for assessing the efficiency and afety of reservoirs Lab-scale R&D-Activities in the scope of the R&D-Programme GEOTECHNOLOGIEN 1 st Fundingphase: : Nine interdisciplinary joint projects between academia and industry 1 research institutions and 13 companies Financial volume: : 6,9 Mio Funding volume (BMBF): 5,7 Mio Industrial share: : 1, Mio Main targets: Options for the longterm and safe CO storage in Germany Development of new technologies for longterm monitoring

20 Potentials in Germany CO -Emittents (red) Gas Fields (yellow), Saline Aquifers (blue) Quelle BGR Lab-scale R&D-Activities in the scope of the R&D-Programme GEOTECHNOLOGIEN nd Fundingphase: : Fourteen interdisciplinary joint projects between academia and industry 17 research institutions and 11 companies Financial volume: : 19,6 Mio Funding volume (BMBF): 13,0 Mio Industrial share: : 6,6 Mio Main targets: Extension of basic research on storage and surveillance technologies, complementary to the pilot projects

21 Basic research projects Programme modules Mineral/ Physical trapping of CO Geomechanical rock behaviour Risk Assessment (FEP-Procedure) Numerical Simulation Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR) Supply of a profound scientific and technological basis for decision makers Geophysical site selection and monitoring Microbial- Biogeochemical Transformation of CO Hydrodynamic models of aquifers Well integrity CO resistent Cements/steel steel Chemical/kinetic behaviour in real time Lab-scale R&D-activities: ( technologies) 1. Development and Evaluation of Innovative Strategies for Sequestration and Permanent Immobilization of CO in geological formations (CO - TRAP) (RWTH-Aachen, Uni. Bayreuth, Uni. Stuttgart, RWE-DEA AG, Hamburg, RWE Power AG, Köln, Saar Energie GmbH; Saarbrücken; Deutsche Steinkohle AG, Herne, DMT, Essen. Feasibility Study on the Potential of CO - for Enhancing the Recovery Factor in Mature Gas Reservoirs (CSEGR) TU-Clausthal, BGR- Hannover, EEG Erdgas Erdöl GmbH, Berlin; Wintershall AG, Kassel; Vattenfall AB; E.On-Ruhrgas GmbH, Essen 3. Recycling of sequestrated CO by microbial biogeochemical transformation in the deep subsurface (RECOBIO) TU-Bergakademie Freiberg, GEOS-Freiberg Ingenieurgesellschaft mbh, Dresdner Grundwasserforschungszentrum e.v. (DGFZ). Carbon dioxide elimination by using acid mine lakes and calcium oxide suspensions (CDEAL) TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Dresdner Grundwasserforschungszentrum e.v. (DGFZ)

22 Lab-scale R&D-activities: ( technologies) 5. Caprock and overburden processes in geological CO storage: An A integrated approach from laboratory experiment to reservoir scale numerical modelling (CO -TRAP); RWTH-Aachen, Shell International 6. Fault related CO -fluid migration and it s s impact on wall-rock alteration and the integrity of CO -reservoir rocks Investigation on the Buntsand- stein as a natural analogue for industrial CO storage; Uni Jena, Uni Bonn 7. Investigations of the biogeochemical transformation of injected ed CO in the deep subsurface (RECOBIO ); TU-Bergakademie Freiberg, Dresdner Grundwasserforschungszentrum e.v. (DGFZ), BGR-Hannover 8. CO -storage in In-situ converted coal seams, COSINUS RWTH Aachen, DMT Essen 9. Optimizing CO storage through reactions with alkaline residues by the Alkaline Carbon Trapping Process (ALCATRAP); Uni Bayreuth, RWTH Aachen) 10. Modelling and parametrisation of CO in Deep Saliniferous Formations for Dimension and Risk Management, COMoPa; Uni Kiel, Uni Stuttgart, TU Dresden, LANU, UFZ, RWE-Power, RWE-Dea, E.ON, EnBW, Vattenfall, Wintershall Lab-scale R&D-activities: ( technologies) 11. Research and development of innovative injection technologies s for the underground storage of CO ; MAN TURBO AG, RWTH Aachen,, MTU Aero Engines GmbH, Numeca GmbH; 1. Fault related CO -fluid migration and it s s impact on wall-rock alteration and the integrity of CO -reservoir rocks Investigation on the Buntsandstein as a natural analogue for industrial CO storage Uni Jena, Uni Bonn) 13. Submarine deposits of gas hydrates as sites for CO -storage an experimental approach; Uni Kiel and an industrial consortium 1. Experimental simulation of alteration processes and change of o geomechanical characteristics; Uni Karlsruhe

23 Lab-scale R&D-activities: (Surveillance technologies) 15. CO -, Monitoring and Safety Technology (COSMOS); GFZ- Potsdam; Deutsches Brennstoff Institut, Freiberg, Vattenfall Europe Mining AG, Cottbus, Uni. Karlsruhe, RWE Power AG, Essen 16. Real-Time Observation of the chemical and kinetic behaviour of Carbon Dioxide during geological sequestration (CHEMKIN); GFZ- Potsdam, Umwelt- und Ingenieurtechnik GmbH Dresden, Uni Potsdam, TUClausthal, Optimare GmbH, Wilhelmshaven 17. High-resolution images of subsurface CO storage sites in time and depth by the CRS methodology (CO CRS); Trappe Erdöl Erdgas, Isernhagen, Uni Karlsruhe FU Berlin 18. Numerical investigations of CO-Sequestration in Geological Formations Problem-Oriented Benchmarks Universität Stuttgart, DMT, Essen 19. Assessment of the Long-Term Risk and Sustainability of Underground of CO in Germany: Current Practises, Future R&D-Needs and Development of Methodologies (CO-UGS UGS-Risks) Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit, Braunschweig Lab-scale R&D-activities: (Surveillance technologies) 0. CO reservoir abandonment and post injection monitoring, GFZ- Potsdam 1. Determination of the influence of CO-SO-Nox-O-mixtures on formation fluids, reservoir- and caprocks during CO sequestration, GFZ-Potsdam). Software for accurate depth focussing resolution and localization ation of CO storage and migration processes from 3-D-seismic 3 data (CO Depth); Trappe Erdöl Erdgas, Isernhagen, Uni Karlsruhe, Fraunhofer Institute 3. Development and testing CO -resistant borehole cements, Uni Karlsruhe, DBI Freiberg

24 Lighthouse CO -EGR CO -Injection with Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR) The R&D-Programme Programme: CLEAN CO Large Scale EGR in the Altmark Natural-gas field Technology for CO -Injection Well - bore Integrity Characterization Geological System Physico-Chemical Processes Environmental & Process - Monitoring Development of new technologies for the injection of CO with EGR the integrity of well bores a safe abandonment better understanding of the underlying processes within reservoir- and caprocks the development of an open source code for reservoir models optimizing monitoring technologies Das Altmark Gasfeld 8 Altmark: 508 Mt

25 CO CO tanks Technikum CO Observation CH Injector Well Producer fresh water aquifer Multibarrier System saline aquifers impermeable rocks Caprock Rotliegendes Reservoir Zechstein - Halite sandstones (CH bearing) CO CO tanks Technikum CO Observation CH Injector Well Producer fresh water aquifer Multibarrier System saline aquifers impermeable rocks Caprock Rotliegendes Reservoir Zechstein - Halite sandstones (CH bearing)

26 CO CO tanks Technikum CO Observation CH Injector Well Producer fresh water aquifer Multibarrier System saline aquifers impermeable rocks Caprock Rotliegendes Reservoir Zechstein - Halite sandstones (CH bearing) CO CO tanks Technikum CO Observation CH Injector Well Producer fresh water aquifer Multibarrier System saline aquifers impermeable rocks Caprock Rotliegendes Reservoir Zechstein - Halite sandstones (CH bearing)

27 CO CO tanks Technikum CO Observation CH Injector Well Producer fresh water aquifer Multibarrier System I Technikum - Injection 1. gas up of tanks. conditioning of CO 3. Injection saline aquifers impermeable rocks Caprock Rotliegendes Reservoir Zechstein - Halite sandstones (CH bearing) CO CO tanks Technikum CO Observation CH Injector Well Producer fresh water aquifer Multibarrier System II well bore integrity 1. well bore conditions. well bore stability 3. well bore monitoring. abandonment saline aquifers impermeable rocks Caprock Rotliegendes Reservoir Zechstein - Halite sandstones (CH bearing)

28 III Geo-Processes CO Observation CH 1. rock parameters Injector Well Producer. CO geo-modells & CO tanks Technikum numeric simulation 3. data management & visualization fresh water aquifer Multibarrier System saline aquifers impermeable rocks Caprock Rotliegendes Reservoir Zechstein - Halite sandstones (CH bearing) IV Environmental & Process Monitoring CO Observation CH 1. concepts & legal aspects Injector Well Producer. CO near surface monitoring CO tanks Technikum 3. fresh water monitoring. reservoir & caprock 3 monitoring 5. stress & deformation monitoring Multibarrier System Caprock Rotliegendes Reservoir. Reservoir and caprock monitoring 5 fresh water aquifer saline aquifers impermeable rocks Zechstein - Halite sandstones (CH bearing)

29 CO CO tanks Technikum CO Observation CH Injector Well Producer fresh water aquifer Multibarrier System saline aquifers impermeable rocks V Public Acceptance Caprock Rotliegendes Reservoir 1. information center. information Zechstein of people- Halite 3. virtual info-center sandstones (CH bearing) www based information Wissenschaftspark (scientific( park) Albert-Einstein - Telegrafenberg Thank you for your attention

30 References Beutler G, Hauschke N, Nitsch E (1999) Faziesentwicklung des Keupers im Germanischen Becken, in Hauschke N and Wilde V (eds( eds.) Trias, eine ganz andere Welt: München, M Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, p Bielinski A, Kopp A, Schütt H, Class H (008) Monitoring of CO plumes during storage in geological formations using temperature signals: numerical investigation. International I Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control (accepted for publication) Förster A, Norden B, Zinck-Jørgenson rgenson, Frykman P, Kulenkampff J, Spangenberg E, Erzinger J, Zimmer M, Kopp J, Borm G, Juhlin C, Cosma C-G, Hurter S (006) Baseline characterization of the COSINK geological storage site at Ketzin, Germany. Environmental Geosciences ences 13(3): Frykman P, Zink-Jørgensen K, Bech N (007) Geostatistical modelling for decisions in a CO storage experimental site. The Universities Forum on Reservoir Description and Simulation (UFORDS). -6 September, 007. Scarborough, England. Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh. Abstract volume, 1 p Juhlin C, Giese R, Zinck-Jørgensen K, Cosma C, Kazemeini H, Juhojuntti N, Lüth S, Norden B, Förster A (007) 3D baseline seismics at Ketzin, Germany: the COSINK project: Geophysics, Vol. 7, No. N 5, B11-B13. B13. Kazemeini H, Juhlin C, Zinck-Jorgensen K, Norden B (007) Application of the Continuous Wavelet Transform Decomposition to Channel Deposits and Gas Detection at Ketzin, Germany. EAGE 69th Conference & Exhibition, London, UK, June 007. Tyler N, Finley RJ (1991) Architectural controls on the recovery of hydrocarbons from sandstone reservoirs. In: A.D. Miall and N. Tyler (Editors), The three-dimensional facies architecture of terrigenous clastic sediments and its implications for hydrocarbon discovery and recovery. Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology.. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), Tulsa, OK, United States, pp. 1-51