Prescription Monitoring Programs: Creating a National Network

Transcription

1 Prescription Monitoring Programs: Creating a National Network Danna E. Droz, JD, RPH PMP Liaison [email protected] 847/ United States Drug Enforcement Administration National Conference on Pharmaceutical and Chemical Diversion October 1, 2014

2 Topics Overview of prescription monitoring programs (PMPs) Shortcomings of PMPs and how states are addressing them Impact on workflow for health care professionals Cross-border patients Low utilization mandatory registration/use Future of PMPs National network NABP PMP InterConnect Integration Risk evaluation strategies

3 Clarification of Acronyms Prescription Monitoring Program (PMP) Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) Controlled Substance Monitoring Database (CSMD) Controlled Substance Monitoring Program (CSMP) Controlled Substance Monitoring Program Database (CSMPD) Controlled Substance Database (CSD) Prescription Drug Registry (PDR) Controlled Substance Reporting System (CSRS) PMP = PDMP = CSMD=CSMP = CSMPD = CSD = CSRS

4 Cumulative States with PMP Legislation Number of States

5 Prescription Monitoring Programs: National Landscape 49 states have PMPs or are at least collecting data. 1: Washington, DC Gearing up to implement 1: Missouri No authorizing legislation

6 Status of State PMPs VT WA OR NV CA ID AZ UT MT WY CO NM ND MN SD WI NE 1 IA IL KS MO OK AR MS NY MI PA OH IN WV VA KY NC TN SC GA AL ME DC 2 NH MA RI CT NJ DE MD States with operational PDMPs AK TX LA FL States with enacted PDMP legislation, but program not yet operational States with legislation pending HI 1 The operation of Nebraska s PMP is currently being facilitated through the state s Health Information Initiative. Participation by patients, physicians, and other health care providers is voluntary. 2 The mayor of DC has approved the legislation, but it is pending a 30-day review process by Congress The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM This information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.

7 Purposes for PMP Improve health care decision-making and patient treatment. Assist health care providers identify and prevent drug abuse, misuse, or addiction. Assist law enforcement officers in investigating prescription drug diversion. Guide public policy on prescription drug access and drug addiction treatment.

8 PMP Data Reported Patient identifying information (eg, name, date of birth, address, phone) Drug information (National Drug Code number, quantity, days supply, date dispensed, prescription number) Prescriber (Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) number or National Provider Identifier (NPI) number) Pharmacy (DEA number or NPI/National Council for Prescription Drug Programs number)

9 PMP Conditions of Use, In General Prescriber is treating or contemplating treating a specific patient. Pharmacist is involved in practice of pharmacy with a specific patient. Law enforcement officer is investigating a prescription drug crime. Other conditions, depending on the state.

10 Requests for PMP Reports Law Enforcement 1-2% Pharmacists 20-25% Prescribers 75-80%

11 Shortcomings of PMPs Perception/Impact on workflow Cross-border patients Low utilization

12 Perception is Low Value Return On (time) Investment Prescribers expect pharmacists to be the watchdog. Pharmacists expect prescribers to take the initiative. Hospital prescribers and pharmacists do not see abuse, addiction, or diversion as an in-house issue. Reports do not include diagnosis or prescriber specialty.

13 Patient Problems Patients, including those with legitimate medical conditions, do not stay in one state, particularly areas that border other states. Therefore, querying the state PMP may not give a complete picture to a physician or pharmacist of the controlled substances a person is obtaining.

14 Result is Low Utilization by Health Care Professionals Utilization is low if it s voluntary only 10-30% of prescribers use PMPs. States did not require health care professionals to utilize the PMP until prescription drug abuse became an epidemic.

15 How States Are Responding Require health care professionals to register with the PMP. Require health care professionals to utilize the PMP. Red flag scenarios Specific, high-risk drugs Allow delegates to receive patient report for prescriber/pharmacist to review. Develop PMP-to-PMP data sharing across state borders.

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19 Background on NABP Involvement NABP s mission is to support boards of pharmacy and assist other regulators to protect the public health. In fall 2010, NABP was approached by several members. They requested a low-cost, easy-to-implement, highly enhanced solution for interstate data sharing.

20 Built using open standards Cost effective (NABP covers up-front costs.) Easy to implement Low maintenance (NABP covers maintenance through June 30, 2016.) Supports states autonomy over PMP data exchanges

21 NABP InterConnect Participation 26 PMPs are actively sharing data. Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin Expect 30 PMPs to be connected and sharing data by the end of More states are in the process of signing memorandums of understanding (MOUs).

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23 How NABP PMP InterConnect Works: Traditional Model Pharmacist Patient Request Patient Response Patient Request Patient Response Physician

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25 All protected health information (PHI) is encrypted and not visible to the hub. It s secure and compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of No PHI is stored by the hub; it s just a pass-through from one state to the authorized requestor in another state. It s easy for states: Only sign one MOU/contract with NABP they do not have to sign one for every other state to exchange data. Each state s rules about access are enforced automatically by the hub. In July 2011, the system went live. Since launch, NABP InterConnect has processed over 7 million requests, with an average of 7.5 seconds to process a request.

26 Cost for States to Participate States have no participation costs through June 30, Some states have federal grant funds to cover implementation. NABP has grants available for other states. NABP is paying from its own revenues (exams/accreditations): All development and implementation costs for the hub Annual maintenance fees to the contractor to house the hub for two years NABP is using unrestricted grants from third parties to assist states. To date, Purdue Pharma, L.P., and Pfizer have provided grants. NABP assists states for states that can accept these funds.

27 Next Steps to Increase Utilization Continue to onboard states into NABP InterConnect Assist states with legislation to allow interstate sharing Integrate NABP InterConnect into health information exchanges (HIEs) Integrate PMP requests into workflow processes, such as pharmacy software systems and hospital system emergency departments Provide access to analytical tools to automate analysis of PMP reports to increase efficiencies; eg, NAR X CHECK Developing software that works seamlessly with NABP InterConnect, as well as meets the day-to-day needs of administrators, requestors, and data submitters

28 Conceptual Data Flow for Integration of PMP data Hospital Physician Office Physician 1 With NAR X CHECK 10 1 Provider Organizations 1 8 Pharmacist 10 HIE / Healthcare Intelligence Network / Regional Health Information Organization Cloud-based electronic medical records 9 Without NAR X CHECK 8 NAR X CHECK (Optional) Pharmacy Dispensing Software Trans-lation to and from National Information Exchange Model 3 6 Request Response NABP PMP InterConnect PMP 1 PMP 2 PMP 3 PMP 4 PMP 5 Data flow is initiated by a patient encounter with a health care provider at step

29 Benefits of Workflow Integration Prescriber/pharmacist is credentialed by workplace, instead of by the PMP. Authentication occurs when logging in to workplace software. Workplace software populates the data fields for the request. Delivery of request is automatic. One-click access.

30 Benefits of Workflow Integration Summary No separate registration No separate usernames/passwords No additional data entry No added steps No delay

31 Access to PMP Data Indiana Integration Direct integration of PMP data through one-click access

32 Access to PMP Data Michigan Integration

33 Future of PMPs National network of state PMPs Standardize data collection Full integration with PMP data available within the workflow of every prescriber and pharmacist Risk evaluation/mitigation strategies NAR X CHECK Warning signals Information regarding treatment options

34 Questions?