Project on fruits and berries in Denmark
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1 Project on fruits and berries in Denmark Lene Sigsgaard Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Section of Organismal Biology IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 1
2 Background Denmark: km 2 67% of the area is cultivated, ca 60% with cereals Strawberry is the major fresh berry crop with an area of ca ha of which ca 63 ha organic (2009) Apple is the major fruit crop with an area of 1700 ha of which 16% in 2010 organic (highest in Europe) Other important fruit and berry crops include black currant and sour cherry New (upcoming) fruits include raspberry IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 2
3 Research fields ecological aspects of biological control - natural occurrence, - predator interaction with prey and plant/ habitat/landscape) application of biological control agents with a focus on predators. Integration synergies / antagonisms between natural enemies IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 3
4 Present research projects Research in orchards Fruitgrowth - Novel organic solutions securing future growth - (3 y) (several Danish partners) Research in berries Softpest Multitrap (3 y) CORE Organic II, EU Mass-trappping of insect pests in strawberry and raspberry Biological control of tortricids and aphids in strawberry (3 y) , Danish EPA Inbiosoil (3 y) , EU FP7 project Pest control in organic black currant (2 y) Other ProGrOV WP -IPM in organic -tomato/ pineapple IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 4
5 Projects continued PhD student Erica Juel Ahrenfeldt Strawberry pollinators effect of cropping practice (organic/ conventional), landscape and geographical region on wild bees IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 5
6 FruitGrowth Novel organic solutions securing future growth Supported by The Organic RDD programme, GUDP IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 6
7 Challenges for Danish organic apple production The production is small and unstable due to yield and quality loss from key pest and diseases Lack of suitable cultivars for producers Lack of suitable weed control strategies Lack of suitable storage strategies In market competition with imported organic apples IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 7
8 Aim and objectives of the Fruitgrowth project To increase the Danish production of high quality organic apples through delivering: New robust cultivars Storage solutions to extend seasonality Implement novel mechanical/biological technologies and compounds to optimally manage weed, diseases, pests and beneficials during production IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 8
9 FruitGrowth partners AU, Department of Food Science and Department of Agroecology KU-LIFE, Department of Agriculture and Ecology SDU, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology GartneriRådgivningen Landboforeningen Gefion ENVO-DAN Danske Frugtavlere Ventegodtgaard (organic grower) Strandegaard (organic grower) IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 9
10 Fruitgrowth -Ecological infrastructures Can functional biodiversity contribute to codling moth control? In orchards with or without flower strips assess level of predation and parasitism on codling moth egg cohorts May-June 2012 and May-June 2013 Spatial aspects effect of flower strip and landscape parametres on pest, predator and parasitoid densities (GIS-analysis) IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 10
11 Fruitgrowth -New mass-release methods of Trichogramma Can inundative releases with Trichogramma spp reduce codling moth density and crop lossess Trichogramma female Cydia pomonella eggs IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 11
12 In same WP Plant extracts to control Operophtera brumata Mechnical control of apple scab IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 12
13 Previous research in pome fruit system Influence of abiotic factors on Anthocorids Prey preference and behaviour of Anthocorids Field ecology of Anthocorids Mass release of A. nemoralis against pear psyllid Psylla pyri IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 13 Simonsen et al 2009
14 Average number Interactions with prey example two predators Anthocoris nemorum and A. nemoralis A. nemorum A. nemoralis eaten dead eaten dead C. pyri A. mali IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 14 Sigsgaard, 2010
15 Average eggs Interactions with plant Apple 5 Pear 0 A. nemorum A. nemoralis IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 15 Sigsgaard, 2010
16 Mean Field ecology - Seasonal distribution of predators - and the role of vegetation in the orchard A. nemorum, annual vegetation A. nemorum, apple trees A. nemoralis, apple trees May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 01 Date IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 16 Sigsgaard, 2010
17 Demonstrated that mass-release of A. nemoralis nymphs consistently could reduce Cacopsylla pyri infestation IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 17 Sigsgaard et al 2006
18 CORE ORGANIC II: Softpest Multitrap Bioforsk Norway, KTH Sweden, KU-LIFE Denmark, EMR + U. Greewich, UK, Agroscope, CH, Latvian Plant Protection Res. C. Strawberry blossom weevil, SBW (Anthonomus rubi) European tarnished plant bug, ETB (Lygus rugulipennis) Raspberry beetle, RB (Byturus tomentosus) The pest insects damage to be managed with traps are in left: Anthonomus rubi, a small weevil severing flower buds in strawberry and raspberry, middle: Lygus rugulipennis, a mirid bug causing misshapen strawberries, and right: Byturus tomentosus, a beetle with larvae feeding in raspberries. (Photos: N. Trandem) IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 18
19 The aim: To develop knowledge about how to manage populations of strawberry blossom weevil (Anthonomus rubi), European tarnished plant bug (Lygus rugulipennis) and the raspberry beetle (Byturus tomentosus) in organic strawberry and raspberry so that these two soft fruit crops can be grown without significant economic losses by these pests Partners: IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 19 Latvian Plant Protection Research Centre Ltd
20 A. rubi numbers in total Early warning/ Mass trapping A. rubi damage Weevils are observed over 2 weeks before damage (mid May Early June) IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 20
21 Biological control of tortricids and aphids in strawberry Conservation biological control - Effect of cropping practice on pest and natural enemies (parasitoids and fungi) dietary value of flowers for parasitoid and tortricid + floral strips Inundative biological control -bioassays of predators and parasitoids against Myzus ascalonicus Strategic paper on biological control in strawberry with advisory service Acleris comariana IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 21
22 INBIOSOIL -EU FP7 innovative formulations and novel eco-efficient technologies using sustainable, environmentally friendly biological control agents (BCAs) to control soil borne crop pests as an alternative to conventional chemical pesticides. WP3 Assessment of the effects of new biocontrol products on the environment and the food chain Objectives 1.Verification of the RAFBCA-REBECA metabolite risk assessment decision scheme. 2.Validation of procedures for isolation of metabolites from crops and that metabolites are not entering the food chain. 3.Evaluation and development of novel molecular genetic tools analyzing direct and indirect effects of formulations. 4.Assessment of direct and indirect non-target effects of formulations on beneficial non-target invertebrates, microbial communities and indigenous BCA populations. IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 22
23 Landscape effects on wild bees strawberry pollination IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 23 Ahrenfeldt et al., 2012
24 Biological and other control of key pests in apple Homoptera: aphids conservation biocontrol biocontrol with immature anthocorids of potential Cf publication list Insecticides Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Geometridae Codling moth pheromone disruption, virus, Trichogramma biological control, conservation biocontrol (flowerstrips) Insecticides Pheromone disruption Virus Hymenoptera Operopthera brumata major pest in organic - plant extracts Insecticides (Mites not a problem) Ca 20 annual pesticide treatments. Insecticides 1-2 treatments. IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 24
25 Experiences with pear psyllid Pesticide resistance -growers wish to avoid pesticides In small and scattered orchards as the Danish, mass-release of immature A. nemoralis yielded consistently good results Immature A. nemoralis not for sale -a few use release of adults Mostly growers rely on naturally occurring beneficials also since damaging years cannot be predicted IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 25
26 Biological and other control in strawberry Spider mites and strawberry mites (Phytonemus pallidus) -predatory mites (P. persimilus, N. cucumeris, N. andersoni) biocontrol in some use Strawberry weevil Anthonomus rubi -entomopathogenic fungi, -early warning/ mass trapping Strawberry tortricids Acleris comariana -Bacillus thuringiensis, -mechanical control -conservation biological control pyrethroids pyrethroids Availability of biocontrol agents can help take-up in small market Control in autumn is targeting next year preventive treament -but not all years give problems IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 26
27 Biological control in Denmark 2010 Outdoor Nursery #=most used New outdoor List from Eilenberg et al IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 27
28 Conclusion Use of biological control has been guided by: Lack of pesticides Lack of effect of pesticides due to resistance Economy Societies wishes for better environment and health To move BC to outdoor crops what can we do Basic knowledge needed How to handle complex systems Use of multiple beneficials in combinations also with other strategies- - Contribute to new mindset: no silver bullet IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 28
29 Thankyou IMBICONT kick-off meeting, Piracicaba, Brazil August 2012 Slide 29 Foto Rasmus Nimgaard
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