Binary & Ternary Forms

Transcription

1 Binary Ternary orms ormal Element Review Motive: A motive is the smallest recognizable musical idea o labeled with lowercase letters starting at the end o the alhabet hrase: a relatively indeendent musical idea that moves towards a cadence as its goal; a comlete musical thought o labeled with lowercase letters starting at the beginning o the alhabet o subhrase: a musical unit smaller than a hrase but still a coherent gesture o sentence: a articular tye o hrase or hrase grou with an internal structure o eriod: a air o hrases that seciically work together in an antecedent-consequent relationshi o irst hrase (antecedent) will have an inconclusive cadence (hal cadence or IAC) o Second hrase (consequent) will have a conclusive cadence (usually a AC) ormal Structures ormal structures are larger sections o music made u o these ormal elements (hrases, eriods, etc) o tyically labeled with uercase letters starting at the beginning o the alhabet Each standard ormal structures contains a seciic attern o these larger sections (with minor variations) actors to Consider in ormal Analysis Key areas: in which key a hrase or section starts and/or ends o closed vs oen sections a closed section is sel-contained - ends in the same key in which it begins with a conclusive cadence an oen section is not sel-contained - ends in a dierent key or with an inconclusive cadence - oten eatures a hal-cadence, modulation to the dominant, or modulation to the relative maor Motivic use: similar or contrasting motivic use within hrases or sections ormal elements: hrases, cadences, eriods, etc Simle Binary orm Two larger sections called rerises or rerains o each rerise is tyically reeated o second rerise is oten longer than the irst o each rerise usually consists o several hrases rerise 1 tyically two hrases (oten a eriod) rerise 2 tyically two sections, each otentially more than one hrase Common orm in dance movements o Baroque suites and also used in Classical eriod music Binary Harmonic Structure Sectional binary o eatures two closed sections rerise 1 closes with a AC in the tonic key rerise 2 tyically continues in tonic, reaches the dominant near the middle, then closes in tonic o anthology examle: Minuet rom the Notebook or Anna Magdalena Bach Continuous binary o eatures an oen irst section; suggests continuation to the second section rerise 1 closes with a HC in tonic or an IAC or AC in a closely related key rerise 2 tyically continues in the dominant or new key then returns to close in tonic o anthology examles: Minuet rom Divertimento in C Maor by Haydn dominant tye Evening Song by Turk relative maor tyie

2 Binary hrase Structure Simle Binary o eatures no rerise o the original material at the tonic level at the end o rerise 2 tyical hrase analysis o a-a-b-b or a-b-a-c o anthology examle: Minuet rom the Notebook or Anna Magdalena Bach Rounded Binary o eatures a return o the initial material (closing on tonic) at the end o rerise 2 tyical hrase analysis o a-a-b-a, a-a-b-aa, or a-b-c-a o irst hal o the second rerain is deendent on the return o initial material or closure o anthology examle: Theme rom iano Sonata in D Maor by Mozart Balanced Binary o eatures a return o the second hrase o the A section at the tonic level as closing material tyical hrase analysis o a 1 -a 2 -b-a 2 o both sections end with the same material (in continuous binary the sections will end in dierent keys) o anthology examle: Evening Song by Turk Simle Ternary orm Three closed indeendent sections called rerises or rerains (as in binary) o three rerises may be related (ie A-A-B, A-B-A, etc) or unrelated (A-B-C) o most tyical is A-B-A (or A ) both A sections are tonally closed the B section is contrasting, tonally closed, and oten in a closely related key - also tyically longer, more indeendent, and more harmonically stable than in rounded binary the second A section is comlete and oten identical to the original or minimally altered o simle ternary is much less common than rounded binary o anthology examle: Humming Song by Schumann Comound Ternary A ternary design is more common as comound ormal structure unctions as a means o creating larger orms (Minuet and Trio; Da Cao Aria) o each section is tyically in binary orm o combined as minuet-trio-minuet or A-B-da cao A o anthology examles: Minuet Trio rom Divertimento in C Maor by Haydn Larger ormal Structures Sonata orm is related to binary with the addition o a develoment section Rondo orm is related to ternary with the incororation o additional contrasting eisodes

3 Evening Song - Daniel Gottlob Turk Andante J J J J J J J b J J J J J J Minuet rom the notebook o Anna Magdelana Bach Allegretto 4 4 N

4 Minuet and Trio rom Divertimento in C Maor (Hob XVI:1) - Joseh Haydn 4 4 Minuet Ÿ - b b Ÿ Ÿ < < Trio 4 4 n n n n < < J J cresc J J dim J n n π n n < < Minuet de cao

5 Theme rom iano Sonata in D Maor (K 284) - Wolgang Amadeus Mozart C C Ó Ó n n n Ó

6 Humming Song rom Album or the Young (O 68, No ) - Robert Schumann 4 4