3G Mobile Networks. Architecture, Protocols and Procedures. Sumit Kasera Senior Technical Leader, Hughes Software Systems Gurgaon, India

Transcription

1 3G Mobile Networks Architecture, Protocols and Procedures _ Sumit Kasera Senior Technical Leader, Hughes Software Systems Gurgaon, India Nishit Narang Senior Technical Leader, Hughes Software Systems Gurgaon, India McGraw-Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto

2 CONTENTS Foreword Preface Acknowledgements PART I-INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Introduction 1.1 Introduction Second Generation Mobile Networks Limitations of 2G Networks Generation Mobile Networks International Mobile Telecommunication-2000 (IMT-2000) Third Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) Interaction of 3GPP with other bodies Objective of 3GPP GPP Technical Specifications Group (TSG) Stages of 3GPP Specifications Series of 3GPP Specifications Version Numbering of 3GPP Specifications Releases of 3GPP Specifications Evolution towards 3GPP Networks 16 Summary 17 Principles Of WCDMA 2.1 Introduction 19

3 Vlll Contents 2.2 Requirements for Third Generation Air Interface Scheines for Radio Access WCDMA Overview Direct-Sequence CDMA Wideband Synchronization Aspects Modes of Operation Spreading and De-spreading Autocorrelation and Cross Correlation Benefits of Spreading Scrambling RakeReceiver Multipath Diversity and Macrodiversity Power Control Mechanisms Soft and Softer Handover SRNS Relocation 39 Summary 41 PART II-UMTS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND PROTOCOLS 3. UMTS Network Architecture 3.1 Introduction Basic Structure of UMTS Network User Equipment (UE) Access Network (AN) Core Network (CN) Access Stratum and Non-access Stratum Access Stratum (AS) Non-Access Stratum (NAS) Hierarchical Network Organization Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) Location Area (LA) Routing Area (RA) UTRAN Registration Area (URA) Cell Global Identity (CGI) Addresses and Identifiers Subscriber Identity 60

4 3.5.2 Service Identity Temporary Identities PDP Address Equipment Identity Location Number Identifying Network Entities Service Aspects Service Classification Bearer Services Other Bearer Service Teleservices Supplementary Services Other Services Toolkits Quality of Service (QoS) Architecture UMTS QoS Classes Conversational Class Streaming Class Interactive Class Background Class 75 Summary User Equipment 4.1 Introduction Components of User Equipment Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC) Mobile Equipment (ME) User Equipment Combination Interfaces of User Equipment External Interfaces Internal Interfaces UE Functions Mobile Termination Functions Terminal Equipment Functions Terminal Adaptation Functions USIM Functions 85

5 X Contents 4.5 UE Protocols Access Stratum Protocols Non-Access Stratum Protocols Classification of UE 87 Summary Access Network Introduction Access Network Entities Base Station Sub-system (BSS) Radio Network Sub-system (RNS) Network Interfaces Abis Interface between BSC and BTS lub Interface between RNC and Node B Iur Interface between RNCs A Interface between MSC/VLR and BSS Gb Interface between SGSN and BSS Iu Interface between CN and RNS Radio Interface Protocol Architecture UTRAN Protocol Architecture Iu_CS Protocol Architecture Iu_PS Protocol Architecture Iur Protocol Architecture lub Protocol Architecture Iu_BC Protocol Architecture Functions Transfer of User Data System Access Control Security Functions Mobility Management Radio Resource Management Broadcast and Multicast Services Other Functions Radio Interface Protocols Physical Layer Medium Access Control (MAC) 223

6 5.7.3 Radio Link Control (RLC) '.4 Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC) Radio Resource Control (RRC) ATM-based Transport Network Protocols Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) ATM Adaptation Layer 2 (AAL2) ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) Service Specific Cormection Oriented Protocol (SSCOP) Service-Specific Co-ordination Function for NNI (SSCF-NNI) Service-Specific Co-ordination Function for UNI (SSCF-UNI) Message Transfer Part 3 for Broadband (MTP3b) Signaling Transport Converter (STC) AAL2 Signaling Application Layer Protocols Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) Radio Network Sub-system Application Part (RNSAP) NBAP Service Area Broadcast Protocol (SABP) Iu User Plane (UP) Protocol Framing Protocols for Iub and Iur Interface 262 Summary Core Network 6.1 Introduction Entities Common to CS and PS Domain Home Location Register (HLR) Authentication Center (AuC) Equipment Identity Register (EIR) Short Message Service (SMS) Entities Entities Specific to the CS Domain Visitor Location Register (VLR) Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC) 269

7 6.4 Entities Specific to the PS Domain Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) Border Gateway (BG) Service-specific Entities of the Core Network Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) CAMEL Entities Cell Broadcast Center (CBC) Network Interfaces of CS Domain B Interface between MSC and VLR C Interface between GMSC and HLR D Interface between VLR and HLR E Interface between MSC and MSC F Interface between MSC and EIR G Interface between VLR and VLR Nb/Nc Interface between MSC and GMSC Interface between VLR and SMS-MSC Interfaces of PS Domain Gn/Gp Interface between two GSNs Gi Interface between GGSN and PDN Gr Interface between SGSN and HLR Gs Interface between SGSN and MSC/VLR Gf Interface between SGSN and EIR Gc Interface between GGSN and HLR Gd Interface between SGSN and SMS-MSC CS Domain Protocol Architecture User Plane Control Plane PS Domain Protocol Architecture User Plane Control Plane Core Network Functions Mobility Management Call Handling Session Management Supplementary Services 294

8 Contents xiii Short Message Service Security Functions Subscriber Data SS7 Protocols Message Transfer Part (MTP) Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) ISDN User Part (ISUP) Application Protocols Transaction Capabilities (TCAP) Mobile Application Part (MAP) NAS Signaling GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) Base Station Sub-system Application Part + (BSSAP+) 226 Summary 229 PART III-PROCEDURES IN UMTS NETWORK 7. Radio Resource Control Procedures 7.1 Introduction RRC Protocol States RRC Connection Management Procedures Broadcast of System Information Paging UE Dedicated Paging RRC Connection Establishment RRC Connection Release Signaling Connection Release Procedure Transmission of UE Capability Information Direct Transfer of NAS Messages Security Functions Radio Bearer Control Procedures Radio Bearer Establishment Radio Bearer Reconfiguration A3 Radio Bearer Release Transport Channel Reconfiguration Physical Channel Reconfiguration 253

9 xiv Contents 7.5 RRC Connection Mobility Procedures Cell Update Procedure UTRN Registration Area (URA) Update Procedure UTRAN Mobility Information Soft Handover and Active Set Update Hard Handover Inter-system Handover Measurement Procedures Measurement Control Measurement Report 262 Summary UTRAN Signaling Procedures Introduction UTRAN Global Signaling Procedures System Information Broadcasting Service Area Broadcast UTRAN Signaling Procedures for a Specific UE Paging NAS Signaling Connection Establishment RRC Connection Establishment RRC Connection Release Radio Access Bearer Establishment Radio Access Bearer Release Physical Channel Reconfiguration Transport Channel Reconfiguration Soft Handover SRNC Relocation Cell Update URA Update Direct Transfer 290 Summary Mobility Management Introduction State Model for Mobility Management Hierarchical Management of Location Information 295

10 Contents XV 9.4 Paging MM/GMM Procedures Overview MM Procedures in the Mobile Station MS 'Idle Mode' Procedures MS 'Connected Mode' Procedures MM Procedures in the Access Network MM Procedures in the Core Network MM Procedures in CS Domain MM Procedures in PS Domain Super-Charger Functionality 320 Summary Call Handling 10.1 Introduction Architecture of MO and MT Calls Architecture of Mobile-Originated Call Architecture of Mobile-Terminated Call Architecture of a Basic Mobile-to-Mobile Call Mobile-originated Call Handling Mobile-terminated Call Handling Retrieval of Routing Information MT Call Handling at VPLMN Interaction of CF and CB Services With Call Handling Procedures Interaction of CF and CB Services with MT Calls Interaction of CB Service with MO Calls Support for Optimal Routing Conditions for Optimal Routing Information Flows for Optimal Routing Immediate Service Termination (IST) IST Alert Service IST Command Service 352 Summary Session Management 11.1 Introduction Session Management Concepts Addressing 355

11 XVI Contents PDP Context Activation and Deactivation Packet Routing Encapsulation and Tunneling Packet Filtering PDP Protocol States PDP Context Activation Procedures PDP Context Activation Procedure Secondary PDP Context Activation Procedure Network-requested PDP Context Activation Procedure PDP Context Modification Procedures MS-Initiated PDP Context Modification Procedure SGSN-Initiated PDP Context Modification Procedure Other PDP Context Modification Procedures PDP Context Deactivation Procedures MS-Initiated PDP Context Deactivation Procedure SGSN-Initiated PDP Context Deactivation Procedure Other PDP Context Deactivation Procedure 372 Summary Supplementary Services 12.1 Introduction Supplementary Service Concepts Association with Basic Services SS Operations SS State Information Call Independent SS Management Call Independent SS Management Procedures Man-Machine Interface for SS Management 382 IIA Supplementary Services in UMTS Enhanced Multilevel Precedence and Pre-emption (emlpp) Call Deflection (CD) Line Identification Call Forwarding (CF) Call Barring Call Waiting (CW) and Call Hold (CH) Multiparty 397

12 Contents XVÜ Closed User Group (CUG) Advice of Charge (AoC) User-to-User Signaling (UUS) Explicit Call Transfer (ECT) Multi-Call (MC) Other Supplementary Services Unstructured Supplementary Service Data USSD Architecture USSD Message Flows 413 Summary Value-added Services Introduction Short Message Service SMS Network Architecture Mobile-Originated SMS Procedures Mobile-Terminated SMS Procedures Cell Broadcast Service CBS Network Architecture CBS Message Transfer Procedures Multimedia Messaging Service MMS Reference Architecture MMS Protocol Framework MMS Message Transfer Procedures Location Services LCS Logical Reference Model LCS Control Procedures LCS Network Architecture Mechanisms for Determination of Location Information Location-based Services Service Capability Features SCFTypes SCF Toolkits 436 Summary Security Management Introduction 438

13 XVÜi Contents 14.2 User Domain Security Network Access Security Mutual Authentication Data Confidentiality Data Integrity User Identity Confidentiality Access Security Flow Diagram Network Domain Security Using MAPsec Protection Modes and Message Formats Components of MAPsec Protocol Operations of MAPsec Key Distribution in MAPsec Network Domain Security Using IP Security Architecture for NDS/IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Internet Key Exchange (IKE) 468 Summary 470 PART IV-IP INITIATIVES IN UMTS NETWORK 15. IP-based Signaling Transport Introduction IP-based Signaling Transport From SIGTRAN Requirements SIGTRAN Protocol Layering Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Functions of SCTP SS7 MTP3 User Adaptation Layer (M3UA) Functions of M3UA Scenarios for Deployment of M3UA in UMTS Network SCCP User Adaptation Layer (SUA) Functions of SUA Scenarios for Deployment of SUA in UMTS Network Comparison Between M3UA and SUA 483 Summary 484

14 Contents XIX 16. IP Multimedia Subsystem Introduction Entities of IP Multimedia Subsystem Home Subscriber Server (HSS) Call Session Control Function (CSCF) Server Locator Function (SLF) Application Server (AS) Entities used for Interworking Signaling Gateway Function (SGW) Network Interfaces of IP Multimedia Subsystem Cx Interface between HSS - CSCF Dx Interface between CSCF and SLF Sh Interface between HSS and AS Si interface between HSS - CAMEL ISC Interface between S-CSCF and AS Gm Interface between UE and CSCF Mc Interface between MGCF and MGW Mg Interface between MGCF and S-CSCF Mw Interface between x-cscf and y-cscf Mi Interface between S-CSCF and BGCF Mj Interface between BGCF and MGCF Mk Interface between BGCF and BGCF IMS Addressing IMS Private User Identity (IMPI) IMS Public User Identity (IMPU) Relationship of IMPI and IMPU Subscriber Data Session-unrelated Procedures Establishing IMS Transport Registration De-registration Profile Update Session-related Procedures Service Control Session Origination Interworking Procedure 518

15 XX Contents Session Termination IMS Protocols Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Diameter Security in IP Multimedia Subsystem Access Security 523 Summary 524 APPENDICES Appendix A: Deployment of 3G Networks 526 A.l Japan 526 A.2 UK 527 A.3 Italy 52S Summary 528 Appendix B: Fourth Generation (4G) Mobile Networks 529 B.l Why 4G? 529 B.2 What is 4G? 530 B.3 How to Achieve 4G? 532 B.4 When Should We Expect 4G? 534 References 535 Abbreviations 550 Index 560