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1 Student First Name: Shaikha Student Surname: AL kheliwi Copyright subsists in all papers and content posted on this site. Further copying or distribution by any means without prior permission is prohibited, except for the purposes of non-commercial private study or research, as defined in the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or as otherwise authorised by statute. To obtain permission, please contact the author of the relevant paper in the first instance or with details of your request.

2 Information Management in E-health system Abstract: Overview & purpose: E-health is a recent phenomenon in the health sector. And the main goal of E-health is to provide health products and services to consumer to improve quality of life. But significant barriers are effect on E-health Information management. Aim: The aim of this research is to investigate the factors, quality, privacy & security, culture & kind of information, as they effect the management of information in e-health systems Methods: Literature analysis and focus group from representative staff Results: The outcomes of this research will benefit academics and practitioners; will discover a multi-causal relationship between these factors and management of information in e-health system. Introduction: E-health is defined as a follows: '' e-health is an emerging field in the intersection of medical informatics, public health and business, referring to health services and information delivered or enhanced through the internet and related technologies. In a broader sense, the term characterizes not only a technical development, but also a state of mind, a way of thinking, an attitude, and a commitment for networked, global thinking, to improve health care locally, regionally, and worldwide by using information and communication technology (Eysenbach,2001.p20). The health information system becomes the backbone of communication in today's society. There are a multiple sources of information on healthcare systems. Which include the government sites which provide the most reliable information, university sites which contained outdated or erroneous information, commercial sites which provide a bias information that could mislead readers, and researches professionals sites which is not accessible to consumers.(tietz, A, Davies, S, & Moran, J 2004) We will scope in this research the factors which effect information management in E-health systems. These factors are quality, privacy & security, culture and kind of information toward the quality, efficiency, trutsthworthiness and reliable health information services to consumers.

3 This research will study the management of information in e-health systems as affected by these factors (quality, privacy & security, culture and kind of information). The management of information in e-health system becomes useful when these factors are well catered for Quality of information is very important in the management of information in e-health systems (Lee, Y, Park, J, & Widdows, R 2009). Quality of websites that provide health information is an issues on how effective they are for e-health (Hanif et al, ). Griffiths & Christensen (2000) and Lissman & Boehnlein (2001) mention that the quality of online information is generally poor. Measuring of the quality of online information was done by Powell, J, Lowe, P, Griffiths, F, & Thorogood, M (2005). The second factor is privacy and security of information, which includes the personal health information about the consumer and professional which cannot be used or shared without authorization unless the law allows it.such as information about mental health. ( security of e-health system Information system in e-health sector protect should protect consumer information through web-based or through e- medical record, transmitted over the internet. No using or sharing the health information for marketing or advertising purposes. The third factor is the culture: which effect on the health system The fourth factor is the kind of information covered by the e-health information system. (Marshall, M, et al., 2006). The kind of information includes ( League tables, comparative information, survey, report, conference & workshop and context and availability plus clear info about the sources) The literature does not refer to this as a factor. But it is important because. Aim: The aim of this research is to investigate the factors, quality, privacy & security, culture & kind of information, as they effect the management of information in e-health systems The research will explain the relationship between the quality, security, privacy and culture & kind of information factors, and evaluate the management of information in e-health systems. It will specify the information requirements for e-health information system and to reduce the barriers to information systems use in e-health system. Objective : Identify empirically the factors that act as barriers to management information in e- health system as reported in the literature. Investigate & analyse factors in the King Faisal Hospital in Suadi Arabia, particularly to confirm whether they act as barriers to management of information in e-health system. Propose a management framework to reduce the affect of these factors on information for management of patient care in e-health system.

4 Evaluate the developed management framework through focus group at King Faisal Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Literature Review and Theoretical Framework The use of e-health information systems to provide medical information to improve patient care is now a significant investment by hospitals. Hospitals now spend large amount of their budget on proving e-health information systems (ref?). E-health information systems differ widely in quality and reliability (Hanif, et. al, 2009?) What precisely determines the quality and reliability of information for the management of patient's healthcare? This question is the basis of much research in e-health. For example, research reveals that quality of information is important for the take-up of e-health information by careers such doctors, clinicians, nurses and patients (Hanif et. al., 2009?; Kulkarni, 2006). others? Another factor that determines the quality and reliability of information for the management of patient's healthcare is the degree of privacy. others.. Similarly, security of the information is important for the take-up of information provided in e-health information systems (White, 2009). Others? Although these three factors are researched in the literature, as important determinants of the quality of information for the management of patient's healthcare, our review of the literatures reveals that they are not be researched as multiple factors that determine the quality of information for management of patient's healthcare. The proposed research will investigate how quality, security & privacy, culture and kind of information affect information for the management of patient healthcare, as shown in Figure 1. Quality of Information Degree of privacy E-health: information for management of healthcare Degree of security Kind of information

5 Figure 1 is an illustration of the theoretical framework for the proposed research. It shows that the quality of e-health systems, particularly information for the management of patients healthcare is the outcome of quality, privacy &security, culture and king of information. These are the causes for better and improved information for healthcare. Finally, the literature does not cover culture and the kind of information provided as a factor in the quality of information for healthcare. This is shown in Figure 1 as the fourth factor that causes improved information for healthcare. For example, information on common colds or depression is vastly different from information on breast cancer or sexual diseases. Information on colds is more likely to be viewed and acted upon by patients. But information on cancer will require much further trust-building before it can be useful to patients. Therefore, this research will investigate quality, security & privacy, culture and the kind of information as multiple factors that affect the quality of information for management of healthcare. Methodology The research will be carried out using focus groups and in-depth interviews. This will be to understand deeply the issues as they affect the stakeholders, such as doctors, patients, managers, and IT specialists. Focus Group The aim of the focus is to discover issues faced by users of health information from e-health systems. Issues such trust in the information provided by the e-health system. Quality, security, privacy, culture and kind of information Two focus groups will be used. The first will be used to confirm the theoretical framework and explore other issues that could included in the framework. It will be used as a tool to investigate and to discover the issues related to management of health information in e-health system. This will be done by preparing a set of questions based on the theoretical framework to collect data on quality, security, pravicy and kind of information. The focus group will compose the representative from staff of the E-health department, computer system department, doctors, nurses, technicians, medical records and patients in King Faisal Hospital & Research Center. The second focus groups will be used to help to evaluate the findings of the research. The findings will be proposed as a framework to help to improve e-health systems.

6 In-depth interview An in-depth interview is used to understand the rich meanings held in peoples' minds. The experiences that people have are processed by them by reflecting on them. This results in the meanings that they attach to their experiences. How is in-depth interview used? In-depth interviews can be used as the sole research method. This has been used by Walsham (1995) They can also be used as part of a case study (ref). How will you use it in your research? The in-depth interview will be used in this research to discover the rich meaning that providers and users of e-health systems attach to their experiences. The aim of the in-depth interviews is to collect data on the issues raised in the focus group and on the factors like quality, privacy, security derived from the literature. Beneficiaries & contributions The outcomes of this research will benefit academics and practitioners, which includes medical professionals and business. For academics, it is expected that the research will discover a multi-causal relationship between these factors and management of information in e-health system. to enchase the new suggestion to establish a editorial board to control this information through the web sites. To exist the fact which indicate that how the relationship move from the physician authority treatment to shared decision making between doctors and patient. Shared responsibility of health information consumers and web site developers. The data is expected to confirm the proposed theoretical framework. However, if the data does not confirm, we still have learnt something new that we did not know before. And that is, that management of information for healthcare is more complex. E-health department who specifically? for example developers of e-health systemsproviders of health information Limitations: Limitations of the research theoretical framework? methodology? Objectives? Good data collected? data analysis?... Refere nces: 1. Walsham, G. (1995) "Interpretive case studies in IS reseanature and method." European Journal of Information Systems, 4(2): White G (2009) Strategic, tactical and operational management security model. The Journal of Computer Information Systems 49 (3) Anderson, JG 2007, 'Social, ethical and legal barriers to E-health', International Journal of Medical Informatics, 76, 5/6, pp , Academic Search Complete, EBSCO host, viewed 31 January Anderson, JG 2004, 'Consumers of e-health', Social Science Computer Review, 22, 2, pp , Academic Search Complete, EBSCO host, viewed 31 January 2011.

7 5. Rains, SA 2008, 'Seeking Health Information in the Information Age: The Role of Internet Self-Efficacy', Western Journal of Communication, 72, 1, pp. 1-18, Academic Search Complete, EBSCO host, viewed 31 January Kwon, N, & Kim, K 2009, 'Who goes to a library for cancer information in the e- health era? A secondary data analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)', Library & Information Science Research ( ), 31, 3, pp , Academic Search Complete, EBSCO host, viewed 31 January Hardey, M 2001, ''E-health': the internet and the transformation of patients into consumers and producers of health knowledge', Information, Communication & Society, 4, 3, pp , Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 31 January Tietz, A, Davies, S, & Moran, J 2004, 'Guide to Sexually Transmitted Disease Resources on the Internet', Clinical Infectious Diseases, 38, 9, pp , Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 31 January Marshall, M, Noble, J, Davies, H, Waterman, H, Walshe, K, Sheaff, R, & Elwyn, G 2006, 'Development of an information source for patients and the public about general practice services: an action research study', Health Expectations, 9, 3, pp , 10. Lee, Y, Park, J, & Widdows, R 2009, 'Exploring Antecedents of Consumer Satisfaction and Repeated Search Behavior on E-Health Information', Journal of Health Communication, 14, 2, pp