Review of Research and Educational Activity

Transcription

1 Review of Research and Educational Activity F. Piscaglia, A. Montorfano Dipartimento di Energia, POLITECNICO DI MILANO SECTION: Macchine e Sistemi per l Energia e l Ambiente (09/C1) GROUP: Internal Combustion Engines Group

2 Politecnico di Milano Some information: Politecnico di Milano is a public technical university About students in 2009/2010 ( students in Engineering, students in the Faculty of Architectural Design) 300 new PhD students per year In 2008 Politecnico has faculty members (400 full professors, 390 associate professors and 350 lecturers) and 870 administrative and technical employes Students graduated in Engineering at Politecnico represent about 12,7% of the Italian Engineers 2/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

3 Department of Energy The Department of Energy is a structure of professors and researchers previously belonging to four previous departments of Politecnico di Milano: - Department of Energetics - Department of Nuclear Engineering - Department of Electrical Engineering - Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering The decision to coordinate the activities of 16 research groups into a single structure allows to provide, through an interdisciplinary approach, convenient solutions to the complex problems of the energy sector, now experiencing large importance and strong strategic relevance. Thanks to this initiative, Politecnico di Milano acquires a structure with few analogies in the European context. With this potential, the Department of Energy aims to get an influent and independent role in public issues concerning the high-tech and energy fields. 3/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

4 The research group: ICE PoliMi The ICE Group was established in 1993 by Prof. Giancarlo Ferrari and Prof. Angelo Onorati. The purpose of the research unit is to perform both fundamental studies, to improve the understanding of physical and chemical processes occurring in the internal combustion engines, and applied research, to provide computational tools which can help the engine design. Faculty Staff Giancarlo Ferrari, Full Professor Angelo Onorati, Full Professor Gianluca D Errico, Associate Professor Gianluca Montenegro, Assistant Professor Federico Piscaglia, Assistant Professor Tommaso Lucchini, Assistant Professor Post-Doc Researchers Tarcisio Cerri Andrea Montorfano Temporary Staff Marco Fiocco Ph.D. Students Augusto Della Torre Luca Cornolti Riccardo Torelli M.Sc Students per year 4/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

5 Research Activity Fundamental research involves the development of models for: - in-cylinder flows - Acoustics and silencers - LES turbulence modeling - Reacting flows and after-treatment devices Models and solvers for the finite volume solution of complex flow problems are implemented in: - GASDYN, an in-house 1D fluid dynamic code - Lib-ICE, an in-house C++ object oriented library developed in the OpenFOAM technology for the multidimensional simulation of Internal Combustion Engines 5/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

6 Research activity in the international context: GASDYN Currently the 1D thermo-fluid dynamic simulation of I.C. engines worldwide is mainly carried out by three commercial tools: GT-POWER (Gamma Tech.), WAVE (Ricardo), BOOST (Avl) and research tools: GASDYN (ICE PoliMi), that is considered worldwide an advanced research tool available for specific engine simulations. The GASDYN code is well known in the international context among universities and automotive industries. Professors of the ICE Group lead the development of the GASDYN code, in which innovative models for I.C.E. simulation are included. Collaborations for the application of GASDYN are active with many national and international Companies. 6/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

7 Research activity in the international context: OpenFOAM Currently the CFD engine modeling is mainly carried out by three commercial code: STAR-CD, FLUENT, FIRE and one research tool: KIVA-3V, whose main contributor is the Engine Research Center (ERC) of University of Wisconsin. OpenFOAM is an open source, freely available CFD Toolbox, licensed under the GNU General Public License, written in highly efficient C++ object-oriented programming. Currently it is the most advanced research CFD code. It can simulate almost any problem in computational continuum mechanics. The ICE group at PoliMi is working to the development of the LibICE library in the OpenFOAM technology for internal combustion engine simulation. OpenFOAM is encountering an increasing interest from the academic and industrial I.C. engine community. 7/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

8 Research activity in the international context: OpenFOAM OpenFOAM is an open source, freely available CFD Toolbox, licensed under the GNU General Public Licence, written in highly efficient C++ object-oriented programming. OpenFOAM makes use of the finite volume approach to solve systems of partial differential equations ascribed on any 3D unstructured mesh of polyhedral cells. Domain decomposition parallelism is integrated at a low level so that the implementation of parallel solvers can be performed without the need for any parallel-specific coding. Objective: open source implementation of existing knowledge and an object-oriented platform for easy and collaborative future development - Completely open software platform using object-oriented design - Extensive modelling capabilities in library form: component re-use - Collaborative and project-driven model development This furthers the research and collaboration by removing proprietary software issues: source code and algorithmic details available to all 8/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

9 The LibICE project: an overview LibICE is a set of libraries and solvers for Internal Combustion Engines simulation developed using the OpenFOAM technology: Class: user defined type representing one part of the problem to solve (mesh, matrix, field,...) Library: definition and implementation of related classes and functions (finite volume library, turbulence model library, mesh tools library..) Applications: collection of object of different classes interacting each others 9/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

10 The LibICE project: an overview 10/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

11 1D/3D coupling (GT-Power /OpenFOAM ) Results: G. Montenegro, ICE-PoliMi group 11/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

12 Mesh management - Multiple meshes cover the entire simulation (each mesh is valid for a certain crank angle interval) - Mesh to mesh interpolation automatically performed - Grid points moved by means of an automatic mesh motion solver - Possibility to combine automatic mesh motion and topological changes. Results: T. Lucchini, G. D Errico, ICE-PoliMi group 12/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

13 Spray, combustion and wall film modeling - Iso-surfaces of fuel mass fractions to understand how fuel/air mixture formation takes place - The fuel vapor mainly comes from wall film - Predicted results are coherent with the high measured HC emissions of this engine - Wall film model used also for the simulation of the spray produced by a GDI six-hole injector into a constant volume vessel with optical access Results: T. Lucchini, G. D Errico, ICE-PoliMi group 13/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

14 After-treatment modeling - Automatic mesh generation - Geometry detection and automatic case setup - New implicit porous solver - Based on an implicit staggered solver - Porous walls friction model - Blending mechanism blends laminar turbulent models with RAS (k-ω-sst) turbulence model - Soot transport model - Soot filtration an deposition model 14/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

15 Acoustics Transmission loss [db] Frequency [Hz] To properly predict the TL of a silencers, typical developments of the simulation code include: - an inlet b.c. to model different large-band acoustic sources is needed - an anechoic b.c. to model the terminal - algorithms for data post-processing (i.e. two-sensor method) for the evaluation of the TL SINGLE SINUSOID PULSE WHITE NOISE FREQUENCY SWEEP Pressure [kpa] Pressure [kpa] Pressure [kpa] Pressure [kpa] time [s] time [s] time [s] time [s] 15/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

16 LES turbulence modeling LES simulation of compressible flows in OpenFOAM : Development of a synthetic turbulence inlet b.c. Development of SGS models: Local Dynamic Smagorinsky, WALE Validation test: in-cylinder cold flow engine simulation (static mesh) Implementation of a NSCBC-based Subsonic Non-Reflecting Outflow b.c. 16/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

17 Computing resources - LES4ICE ISCRA project - Simulations ran on a PLX cluster of CINECA, within the LES4ICE project - The LES4ICE project (principal investigators: F. Piscaglia, A. Montorfano) has been selected among 136 submitted research proposals by the Italian SuperComputing Resource Allocation (ISCRA). - The goal of the project is to apply LES to simulate ICE by OpenFOAM Computing resources (PLX CINECA): nodes - RAM: 48 GByte/node DDR3 1333MHz cores (Xeon E GHz 12MB Cache 1333 MHz 80W) GPU nvidia Tesla M Remote Visualization Nodes (RVN) 17/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

18 European Projects LESSCCV (European Project) SIMBA (French Nat. Project) Industrial Partnerships National International The goal of the project is to apply Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) combined with system simulation to predict cyclic combustion variability in gasoline engines. Partners involved in the project are Politecnico di Milano, IFP (Institut Francais du Petrole), Ricardo UK Limited, AVL List GmbH, LMS-Imagine, Ceske Vysoke Uceni Technicke v Praze, FEV Motorentechchnik GmbH and University of Western Macedonia. Implementation of improved techniques for simulation and testing of advanced turbocharged downsized diesel engines. The project was approved on July 2007 in the framework of the French Pole Vehicule du Futur" program. Partners involved in the project are Politecnico di Milano, MarkIV, Faurecia, Honeywell, Femto, IFP, LMS-Imagine. MV Agusta,, Magneti Marelli, Eni-Technologies, Piaggio, Aprilia, Seatek, CINECA, AMSA Bmw, Nissan, Caterpillar, Husqvarna, AVL, Faurecia, Liebherr, LMS Int, MarkIV, Ifp Research projects of the ICE PoliMi group are mainly funded (80%) by private Companies. Funds are used to hire young scientists, post-doc researchers and to increase the computational resources. 18/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano

19 19/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano Thank you for your attention!

20 Federico Piscaglia, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Internal Combustion Engines CONTACT INFORMATION Address Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano via Lambruschini 4, Milano (ITALY) Phone: (+39) Fax: (+39) Web page: 20/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano