Appendix A. Fig. 1 Nitrogen adsorption for Activated Carbon from Norit
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1 Appendix A Summary Report Surface Area BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 1 Nitrogen adsorption for Activated Carbon from Norit 1
2 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 2 Nitrogen adsorption for activated Charcoal from Fluka 2
3 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 3 Nitrogen adsorption for activated charcoal from BDH 3
4 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 4 Nitrogen adsorption for graphene Nano plates 4
5 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 5 Nitrogen adsorption for MWCNTs 5
6 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 6 Nitrogen adsorption for carbon black 6
7 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig.7 Nitrogen adsorption for graphite powder 7
8 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 8 Nitrogen adsorption for extra activated carbon from Norit Extra 8
9 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 9 Nitrogen adsorption for activated carbon from Norit after treatment 9
10 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig 10 Nitrogen adsorption for activated charcoal from Fluka after treatment 10
11 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Fig. 11 Nitrogen adsorption activated Charcoal BDH after treatment 11
12 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig 12 Nitrogen adsorption for graphene nanoplates after treatment 12
13 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 13 Nitrogen adsorption for MWCNTs after treatment 13
14 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 14 Nitrogen adsorption for Carbon black after heat treatment 14
15 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 15 Nitrogen adsorption for graphite after treatment 15
16 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 16 Nitrogen adsorption for extra activated carbon Norit extra after treatment 16
17 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 17 Nitrogen adsorption for extra activated carbon from norit after treatment with optimizing the parameters. 17
18 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 18 Nitrogen adsorption for activated carbon Fluka after treatment more optimization 18
19 Fig. 19 FTIR for activated carbon from Norit 19
20 Fig.20 FTIR for activated carbon from Fluka 20
21 Fig.21 FTIR for activated carbon from BDH 21
22 Fig. 22 FTIR for graphene nano-plates 22
23 Fig. 23 FTIR for MWCNTs 23
24 Fig. 24 FTIR for carbon black 24
25 Fig. 25 FTIR for graphite 25
26 Fig. 26 FTIR for extra activated carbon from Norit 26
27 Fig. 27 TGA and DSC for activated carbon for Norit under flow of air 27
28 Fig. 28 TGA and DSC for activated charcoal from Fluka under flow of air 28
29 Fig 29 TGA and DSC for activated charcoal from BDH under flow of air 29
30 Fig 30 TGA and DSC for graphene under flow of air 30
31 Fig. 31 TGA and DSC for MWCNTs under flow of air 31
32 Fig. 32 TGA and DSC for carbon black under flow of air 32
33 Fig. 33 TGA and DSC for graphite under flow of air 33
34 Fig.34 TGA and DSC for extra activated carbon from Norit under flow of air 34
35 Fig. 35 XRD of activated carbon from Norit 35
36 Fig.36 XRD of activated carbon from Fluka 36
37 Fig 37 XRD of activated charcoal from BDH 37
38 Fig. 38 XRD of graphene 38
39 Fig. 39 XRD of MWCNTs 39
40 Fig. 40 XRD of Carbon black 40
41 Fig. 41 XRD of graphite 41
42 Fig 42 XRD of extra activated carbon from Norit extra 42
43 Fig. 43 Norit after heat treatment 43
44 Fig.44 Activated charcoal Fluka after heat treatment 44
45 Fig.45 Charcoal BDH after heat treatment 45
46 Fig.46 graphene after heat treatment 46
47 Fig.47 MWCNTs after heat treatment 47
48 Fig. 48 Carbon black after heat treatment 48
49 Fig.49 graphite after heat treatment 49
50 Fig. 50 Norit extra after heat-treatment 50
51 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 51 Nitrogen adsorption for impregnated sucrose within the CBV
52 Fig 52 XRD of impregnated Sucrose Activated carbon within CBV
53 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 53 Nitrogen adsorption for impregnated F.A within the CBV
54 Fig 54 XRD of impregnated F.A Activated carbon within CBV
55 Fig. 55 SEM of the templated carbon within CBV
56 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 56 Nitrogen adsorption for impregnated sucrose within the ZSM-5 56
57 Fig. 57 XRD of sucrose within the ZSM-5 57
58 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig.58 Nitrogen adsorption for impregnated F.A within the ZSM-5 58
59 Fig. 59 XRD of F.A within the ZSM-5 59
60 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot Micropore Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 60 Nitrogen adsorption of CVD deposited Triethylamine within CBV
61 Fig. 61 XRD of CVD deposited Triethylamine within CBV
62 Summary Report Surface Area Single point surface area at P/Po = : m²/g BET Surface Area: m²/g Langmuir Surface Area: m²/g t-plot External Surface Area: m²/g BJH Adsorption cumulative surface area of pores between Å and Å diameter: m²/g Pore Volume Single point adsorption total pore volume of pores less than Å diameter at P/Po = : cm³/g t-plot micropore volume: cm³/g BJH Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between Å and Å diameter: cm³/g Pore Size Adsorption average pore width (4V/A by BET): Å BJH Adsorption average pore diameter (4V/A): Å Nanoparticle Size Average Particle Size Å Fig. 62 Nitrogen adsorption of CVD deposited Triethylamine within silica gel 62
63 Fig. 63 XRD of CVD deposited Triethylamine within silica gel 63
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