Annual Report Department of Materials Science and Engineering

Transcription

1 Annual Report 2006 Department of Materials Science and Engineering

2 Table of Contents Editorial... 3 Science Stories... 5 Publications Equipment Guest Lecturers Staff Graduate Studies Course Program M.Sc. Students Graduated M.Sc. Students with Titles of their Diploma Works Extracurricular Activities Picture on front page: Silicon solar cells. Photo: Hanne Hox. Annual report for Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway Internet address: The editor thanks - Brit Wenche Meland, Åse Lill Salomonsen, Hilde Martinsen Nordø, Martha Bjerknes and Trond Einar Hagen for collecting the administrative data and taking care of the process of printing the report. - Skipnes AS for printing

3 From the editors The annual report from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE) consists of two parts. The first part comprises short reports giving an impression of the current research conducted in the four research groups at DMSE, the annual list of publications and conference proceedings and the laboratory infrastructure at DMSE. We hope that this first part of the annual report give external readers an impression of the research being performed at DMSE. The second part, which comprises an overview of the staff, master students and PhD students, last years Masters and PhD candidates and their thesis titles and finally extracurricular activities, is presenting a comprehensive overview of the annual activity at DMSE and is more intended for the archives. The rector at NTNU has in the last year focused on the new strategy plan for the university. NTNU has strong ambitions and aims to be among the top 10 technical universities in Europe by NTNU has also entered a strategic alliance with SINTEF to develop the technological environment in Trondheim internationally. The aim is to be among the world leaders in selected areas of R&D. The recruitments of excellent faculty and students are maybe the most important step towards future international competitiveness. This year we have recruited one new associate professor, while one has unfortunately left. As a part of the strategy at DMSE a new plan defining the research field of four new faculty members has recently been submitted to the faculty, and we hope to start the process of recruiting the four new faculty members in Unfortunately, the recruitment of both staff and PhD students is challenging at the time being due to the strong demand for new people from the Norwegian industry. Recruitment of talented staff and students is probably the single most critical factor for our success in the years to come. Recruitment of both students and staff members from foreign countries is expected to be much more important in the future. At present 25 % of our PhD student, 40 % of our post-docs and 15 % of our faculty are non-native Norwegians. The recruitment of good students is fortunately much better when the demand for master and PhD candidates to the Norwegian industry is very high. The students at DMSE are enrolled via three different master programs. One of these is an international masters program, and we plan to initiate a second international program in master students graduated from DMSE in 2007, and the number is expected to increase in the years ahead. The number of exchange students from European universities at NTNU is also increasing. This year the number of exchange students at DMSE was 37. The first students were also enrolled in the new program in nanotechnology at NTNU in 2006, and DMSE has ambitions to be one of the leading departments in this new emerging field. The annual number of publications in peer reviewed journals has never been higher at DMSE than in In fact DMSE is among the best departments at NTNU with regard to the annual number of publications per faculty member. We intend to continue to deliver research at a high international level, but in order to do so our project portfolio has to be maintained in order to keep the number of PhD students and post docs at the current level. In 2006 the Norlight program sponsored by The Research Council of Norway and Norwegian light metal industry came to an end. The light metals industry is one of the largest industries in Norway and is consequently the most important research fields for DMSE. The light metal industry is an important potential employer for our master and PhD students. We expect that light metals will continue to be important for DMSE, and several new projects in this field have recently been initiated. DMSE was also heavily involved in several proposals for the Centre for Excellence and the Centre for Research-based Innovation sponsored by the Research Council of Norway. Unfortunately only one of the initiatives was successful. Despite the low success rate we will continue our efforts to strengthen our position to the next call in about five years time. The International Course on Process Metallurgy of Aluminium celebrated its 25 th anniversary in Every year more than 100 scientists and engineers are visiting NTNU to attend this course. This year the 8 th Summer School on Casting and Solidification of Aluminium and Magnesium Alloys has also been arranged. DMSE, and particularly professor Trygve Foosnæs, have also made important contribution for the success of the arrangement Researchers Night, where about 1000 pupils from the vicinity of Trondheim visit the campus on a Friday evening to learn about science and engineering.

4 From the editors Several of our staff and students were awarded for their outstanding contribution during Professor Lars Arnberg was together with Ragnvald Mathiesen (SINTEF) awarded the SINTEF Research Award 2006 for their contribution in research on solidifications of metals. Moreover, PhD Aaron Marshall received the ExxonMobil award in 2006 for outstanding PhD thesis on electrocatalysis. Finally, MSc Trine Okstad was awarded for best MSc thesis in environmental technology. colleagues at both national and international universities and institutions. Collaboration is the key element to our success and we would like to acknowledge our collaborators at home and abroad. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to our sponsors; the Research Council of Norway, the 6 th EU framework programs and finally the Norwegian industry. In several of the research fields we work closely together with researchers at SINTEF, industrial partners and NTNU April 2007 Tor Grande and Knut Marthinsen Anodized aluminium in polarized light Photo: Gaute Svenningsen

5 Physical metallurgy Dendrite fragmentation in aluminium alloys Columnar-to-equiaxed transition has been studied in situ by X-radiography. Fragmentation of columnar dendrites during growth is important for the formation of an equiaxed zone in castings. This phenomenon has been studied in situ by X-radiography during directional solidification of Al- Cu alloys. The observations demonstrate that different mechanisms promote dendrite detachment at different location on the mush and compare well with models proposed for fragmentat ion. Buoyant and settling motions of crystals and liquid play an important role for the detachment of crystal fragments, for their transport out of the columnar mush and for their possibility of survival in the melt and promote a columnarto-equiaxed transition in the casting. Fragmentation close to the dendrite growth front in the sequence shown below is due to heavy Cu-rich melt that flows into the mush and causes secondary and ternary arms to melt at their roots, see Fig. 1. Photo: Lars Arnberg and Ragnvald Mathiesen Other fragmentation mechanisms have also been studied; coarsening and recalescence, but they occur deeper in the mush and the fragments can not readily be transported to the front and contribute to a columnar-toequiaxed transition. Fig. 1 Fragment (dark feature centre) that has just detached from dendrite (dark feature lower). Distributions of alloying elements are also shown (coloured background). Lars Arnberg and Ragnvald Mathiesen Fig. 2 Columnar-to-equiaxed transition in an Al-20%Cu alloy. The transition occurs through detachment and growth of dendrite fragments that stops the columnar growth front. Photo: Lars Arnberg and Ragnvald Mathiesen

6 Physical Metallurgy New advance forming press During the spring semester of 2006 FORMLAB received a new 1000 kn servo-hydraulic forming press. The press is financed by the Research Council of Norway and efforts to find financial support for the investment started back in It has been specially engineered by the MTS GmbH in Germany and MTS Inc. in the USA. The equipment is already in active use and has proven to be very accurate for advanced laboratory forming studies. A major activity is concerned with nano-structuring light metals by Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), but soon also titanium and iron-based materials will be produced with bulk nanostructure. Because of the second 100 kn load cylinder, bi-axial experiments can be run and also ECAP with fully controllable back pressure. Other research activities include classical formability studies (Marciniak-type FLDs), ram extrusion, forging and development of new deformation tools for advanced material studies, development of new plastic forming processes and novel joining methods. Hans Jørgen Roven Some of the users surrounding the new 1000 kn forming press. From left to right: Przemyslaw Szczygiel, Tore Jørgensen, Håkon Nesbø, Anders Lilleby, Manping Liu, professor Hans Jørgen Roven (responsible), Pål Ulseth and Pål Skaret. Photo: Yongjun Chen

7 Physical Metallurgy Multiscale modelling of age-hardened aluminium alloys Age hardened aluminium alloys have important applications in the automotive industry. They are formed in the soft condition and hardened by a heat treatment. Even though automotive components are not supposed to be exposed for plastic deformation after the tempering, knowledge of this matter may be a matter of life and death when accidents occur. In the present multiscale modelling approach two previously developed microstructure models (Namo and Alflow) have been combined to predict the effect of precipitates and solute atoms on the work hardening of age hardened aluminium alloys (see Figure). This kind of modelling is important concerning automotive safety components and their crash worthiness, in particular concerning welded components. The modelling group at our department presented here is involved in a new centre for research based innovation, CRI-SIMLab, which was established 1 January This project will last for 8 years and is funded by the Norwegian Research Council and industrial partners: Hydro, the Norwegian defence estate agency, the Norwegian public road administration, Renault, BMW and Audi. Bjørn Holmedal, Jesper Friis, Erik Nes, Knut Marthinsen and Øystein Grong The strength and ductility of a weld depends on the spatial distribution of the particle sizes, which is a result of the heating history of each location through the heat affected zone (HAZ). Photo: Ole Runar Myhr, Hydro Aluminium Structures

8 Physical Metallurgy In-situ mechanical EBSD investigations A new technique for characterisation of microstructures in pipeline steels. transformation in these steels. Some examples of outputs from the analyses are shown in the figures. During the last decade supermartensitic stainless steel (SMSS) have been applied as subsea pipelines by the oil industry. The need for environmental friendly and cost effective solutions has been an important incentive for the development of these steels. The materials have competitive mechanical and corrosion properties and provide significant cost savings compared to conventional duplex stainless steels. As part of an ongoing PhD project at IMT, SEM/EBSD insitu investigations have been conducted on three different SMSS types. The SEM/EBSD in-situ technique provides detailed information about the deformation induced phase At the top row is seen an EBSD orientation map, a phase map (martensite coloured green and retained austenite red) and a martensite pole figure of the microstructure in the as-received condition. At the bottom row the same information is shown for the microstructure after 10 % nominal strain. The volume fraction of retained austenite has dropped from 40 % to about 6 % because of the imposed deformation. Also, the pole figures show that the deformation induced martensite has the same orientation as the martensite present in the as-received condition, indicating that no new variants are formed during the plastic deformation. Morten Karlsen, Jarle Hjelen and Øystein Grong The images at the top row show an EBSD orientation map, a phase map and a martensite pole figure of the steel microstructure in the as-received condition. At the bottom row the same information is presented for the microstructure after 10 % plastic deformation. Photo: Morten Karlsen

9 Physical Metallurgy Extensive dispersoid effects achieved by additions of Zr, Sc and Hf to Al-alloys Dispersoid efficiency understood by 3D atom probe tomography investigations. In order to develop aluminium alloys for high temperature applications it is important to provide alloys, which after cold and hot deformation can withstand high temperatures without recrystallising, as recrystallisation is associated with a considerable strength loss, which in many cases is undesirable. In commercial aluminium alloys structural stability is usually obtained by adding alloying elements like Mn, Cr and Zr which form finely dispersed precipitates which prevent nucleation and growth of recrystallisation. Of these elements, Zr is considered to be the most efficient, although in most alloys the coherent, metastable Al 3 Zrdispersoids are heterogeneously distributed, implying that in regions where the dispersoid number density is low, the alloy may still be prone to recrystallisation. However, recently it has been found that by using Sc in combination with Zr, homogeneously distributed Al 3 (Sc,Zr)- dispersoids form. These dispersoids also display other attractive properties like rapid precipitation and slow coarsening. However, despite the attractive properties, the high price of Sc has so far limited its use as an alloying element in commercial aluminium alloys. An interesting alternative is hafnium (Hf). Due to Hf s chemical resemblance with Zr and Sc, it is expected to show many similarities with these elements. Besides, Hf is naturally always found together with Zr. The objective for a recent PhD work was therefore to investigate the effect of combined additions of Zr, Sc and Hf on the precipitation behaviour and the recrystallisation resistance after various deformation and annealing conditions of these alloys, and in particular to investigate to what extent Hf may substitute or replace Sc. Fig. 1 Microstructure in extruded profiles after 1 hr annealing at 600oC of extruded and 0%, 20%, 50%, and 80 % cold rolled profiles, respectively. Except for some recrystallised grains in the surface region there are almost no signs of recrystallisation even after extrusion and 80% additional deformation. Photo: Håkon Hallem Fig. 2 Principle of 3D Atom Probe Tomography: Single atoms are ionized, repelled from a needle shaped specimen and accelerated towards a position sensitive detector in a strong electric field. A Time of Flight (TOF) spectrometer gives the mass/charge-ratio for each ion and discriminate between different atom species. Position- and TOF-data are coupled and analysed in a computer and enable 3D-reconstruction of the analysed volume.

10 Physical Metallurgy The investigations revealed that Hf cannot fully replace Sc, as only heterogeneous dispersoid distributions are obtained in the absence of Sc. However, as an extra addition to the already remarkably stable Sc+Zrcontaining alloys, Hf can lead to further improvements and consequently open for the use of aluminium alloys at very high temperatures. The Al 3 (Sc,Zr,Hf)-dispersoids were found to be present at even larger volume fractions than the Al 3 (Sc,Zr)- dispersoids and they also displayed a lower coarsening rate. In both alloys an extraordinary resistance towards recrystallisation was observed, as few (Al-Zr-Sc-Hf alloy) or no (Al-Zr-Sc) signs of recrystallisation were observed even after 1 hour annealing of extruded and 80 % cold rolled profiles at 600ºC (Fig. 1). To explain why the Al-Sc-Zr- and the Al-Hf-Sc-Zr-alloys behaved so well, 3D atom probe tomography (3D APT) and TEM were used (Fig. 2). The 3DAP/TEM-investigations showed that a high number density of Sc-rich clusters formed in the early stages of precipitation (between 250ºC and 350ºC during heating to the homogenisation temperature). These clusters subsequently transformed to spherical Al 3 Scdispersoids. The more slowly diffusing elements Zr and Hf began to segregate to the dispersoid/α-al matrix interfaces at higher temperatures (~400ºC), and upon completion of the annealing Zr-, Hf-, and Sc-containing shells could be observed around the Al 3 Sc- cores (Fig 3). From these findings it could be concluded that Sc is the catalyst for the rapid formation of homogeneously distributed dispersoids, while the presence of Hf and/or Zr in the surrounding shell slow down the coarsening of the Al 3 (Sc,Zr) and Al 3 (Sc,Zr,Hf) dispersoids by reducing the mismatch between dispersoid and matrix lattice parameters providing the excellent recrystallisation resistance that was observed. Knut Marthinsen Fig. 3 (a) Rebuilt 3D volume with dimensions 4x420 mm 2 in an Al-Hf-Sc-Zr-alloy showing a dispersoid. Red, black, blue and green spheres denote Sc, Hf-, Zr-, and Al-atoms, respectively. (b) Corresponding chemical composition through dispersoid, clearly demonstrating that the dispersoid consist of a Sc-rich core surrounded by a Zr- and Hf- rich shell. (a) (b) Composition (at%) Aluminium Zirconium Scandium Hafnium Distance (nm) Photo: Frederic Danoix and Håkon Hallem 10

11 Physical Metallurgy Nano-structured magnesium alloys for hydrogen storage Extremely fine-grained metals for hydrogen storage purposes are produced by rapid solidification in a chillblock melt spinner. Improved H-absorption kinetics through microstructural refinement by increasing speed of copper wheel ( REM). The metal is induction melted in a quartz crucible and is extruded through an orifice by applying a top pressure of inert gas. When the melt hits a spinning copper wheel positioned underneath the crucible, it is rapidly solidified and is thrown off the wheel as a thin solid ribbon, some mm wide and down to 20 μm in thickness. Magnesium-based alloys are considered promising candidates for hydrogen storage for automotive applications due to their low specific weight, high hydrogen storage capacity (7.6 wt. %) and rich abundance of the constituent metals. In order to improve the applicability of magnesium, several methods as adding transition and rear earth metals have been employed to modify the reaction pathway and to enhance the H-sorption kinetics. In addition, rapid solidification has been employed to produce nano-sized grains and even amorphous microstructures to improve the hydrogenation characteristics. Jan Ketil Solberg, Nanocrystalline Mg and Mg 2 Ni particles (TEM). Photo: Ying Wu Melt spun ribbons. Microstructure after hydrogenation (TEM). Photo: Ying Wu Photo: Ying Wu Photo: Ying Wu 11

12 Extractive metallurgy Application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to process metallurgy Fluid flow related phenomena during process metallurgy are very important to metal quality because they affect other important phenomena during these mixing, refining, casting and solidification processes. These phenomena include turbulent flow in the molten metal, the transport of bubbles and inclusions, multi-phase flow phenomena, chemical and transport interactions between the metal and the slag, the effect of heat transfer, the transport of solute elements and segregation. The flow pattern in the metallurgical vessels can be controlled by many variables, including geometry, metal flow rate, injected gas flow rate, other force sources such as electromagnetic stirring, and slag layer properties. Many of these parameters are easy and inexpensive to change and yet have a profound influence on flow and corresponding quality. Measurements of various parameters of the hot metal are not always available and feasible. With the high cost of empirical investigation and the increasing power of computer hardware and software, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation is becoming an important tool to understand these fluid flow-related phenomena during metal refining and casting processes. A typical CFD simulation includes three dimensional fluid flow model solving the continuity equation and Navier Stokes equations, fluid turbulence models, multiphase models and particle motion models. CFD can be used to design furnaces (metallurgical vessels) and optimize operation processes. Lifeng Zhang Fig. 1 Fluid flow in steel continuous casting strands (pathline and trajectories of 50μm inclusions respectively). Fig. 2 Top surface fluctuation and gas entrainment in an ingot during steel bottom teeming process. Fig. 3 Turbulent energy dissipation rate and bubble plumes in a three gas jets stirring process of steel. Fig. 4 Velocity contour (m/s) at the top surface and temperature (K) at walls in an aluminum casting launder system. Photo: Lifeng Zhang Photo: Lifeng Zhang Photo: Lifeng Zhang Photo: Lifeng Zhang 12

13 Extractive metallurgy Refining and recycling of metals Recycling represents an important opportunity for sustainable and environmentally friendly production of light metals. In order to expand the use in Europe of high performance light metals, while reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution, it is urgent to develop improved ways of recycling light metals. The aim in legislation is to increase the proportion of recycled light metals from the current % to % (as in the steel industry). Recycling aluminum process only needs 5 % of the energy used in primary aluminum process, and emits 95 % less greenhouse gas than primary aluminum. Furthermore, there is an increasing shortage of supply of primary light metals, e.g. light metals produced by energy-intensive electrolytic reduction from their ores. Recycled light metals should play a major role in the production of light-metal alloy components. The life circle of recycling and refining of metals from scrap and dross is shown in Fig. 1. The current research is to develop efficient methods for the recycling of Aluminum, Silicon, Magnesium and Titanium with low input of energy and salt, low secondary dross generation and low greenhouse gas emission, and to develop efficient refining methods to purify these metals by removing impurity elements and inclusions. This research includes fundamentals analysis, mathematical modeling, water modeling and pilot hot metal experiments, and will combine interdisciplinary knowledge such as physicochemistry (thermodynamics and kinetics), materials and metallurgical engineering, mathematics and Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation. The transport phenomena during recycling and refining of metals will be investigated, such as fluid flow, free surface phenomena and particle motion in molten metal, electromagnetic forces application, chemical reactions, ignition and combustion of burning materials, heat transfer, radiation, and melting of scraps and fluxes. There are many research challenges and potential for promoting innovation in this project. The accomplishment of this research will gain and maintain the internationally leading position of European research organizations in the research of recycling and refining of metals, and encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to initiate new business in the recycling field. Lifeng Zhang Fig. 1 Recycling and refining of metals from scrap and dross. Fig. 2 Inclusions in a silicon scrap. Photo: Lifeng Zhang Photo: Lifeng Zhang and Arjan Ciftja 13

14 Electrochemistry Sustainable electrolysis Continuous development of the modern society including new and important regions of the world, mainly in China and India, will require increasing energy consumption. The success of this development will depend on sustainable utilisation of the resources in terms of energy and environment. It will be of importance to reduce the amount of fossil energy sources to avoid possible harmful and irreversible impact on the climate. sulphur containing impurities have been studied in recent and ongoing research projects. Anode processes in aqueous solutions Oxygen is the desired anode product in many industrial electrolysis processes, such as electrowinning of copper and zinc. Currently lead is used as anode material. Oxygen evolution on titanium based DSA anodes coated with ruthenium and iridium oxide is under investigation. Electrolysis has grown into a large world-wide industry, and many important chemicals and metals are being produced. The future society will depend on the continued production of traditional and new materials, metals and chemicals. Of great concern are the increasing emissions of greenhouses gases, especially CO 2. The future need for increasing quantities of new products inevitably causes an increased consumption of energy. Therefore it is important to develop new and sustainable industrial processes and the exploration of renewable energy sources. Electrolysis can also become and important tool for future development of sustainable processes for future production of new and advanced materials, metals and chemicals. Norway has a long and rich tradition in the field of industrial electrolysis. Modern industry was established mainly through the development of water electrolysis plants using hydroelectric power. More recently aluminium electrolysis has become the major electrochemical industry, and Norwegian technology development and scientific research within aluminium electrolysis are recognised throughout the world. The following research activities within electrolysis are currently being undertaken, mainly in experimental laboratory studies by researchers, post docs, PhD students and MSc students. Many research projects are carried out in cooperation with SINTEF. Aluminium electrowinning The effects of impurities on important process parameters such as current efficiency and metal quality are studied by electrochemical methods. Phosphorus and The possibilities for developing a method for water electrolysis to supply dissolved oxygen in lakes suffering from eutrophication is studied in a project collaboration with Japanese universities and research institutes. The anode process in cobalt electrowinning from chloride electrolyte has been studied in a PhD project. The mechanism for the formation of solid CoOOH at the anode has been studied. Possible methods to prevent this scale formation have been proposed. Iron electrowinning (ULCOS, Integrated project 6 th framework programme) A large research project supported by the steel industry in Europe and the EU was established in order to develop a new process for the production of iron and steel with drastic reduction of the emissions of CO 2. Electrowinning of iron from molten salts and alkaline aqueous electrolytes is being studied. Silicon electrorefining (FoXy, STREP project, 6 th framework programme) There is a lack of silicon of solar grade quality to meet the demand for the production of solar energy. Therefore there is a need to develop an alternative and cheaper and less energy consuming process. Electrorefining of metallurgical grade silicon in a molten salt is an alternative being studied experimentally. Electrolytic titanium production A new company, Norsk Titanium AS, was established recently. Its goal is to become a major player in the world within titanium production. The possibilities for developing a molten salt process for electrodeoxidation of solid TiO 2 are studied in a new research project. 14

15 Electrochemistry Photo: Geir Martin Haarberg Jana Hajasova (Ph.D.-student), Ann-Mari Svensson (SINTEF), Lars-Erik Owe (Ph.D.-student), Ole Edvard Kongstein (postdoc), Espen Sandnes (Ph.D.-student) and professor Geir Martin Haarberg. 15

16 Electrochemistry High temperature PEM fuel cells operating with organic fuels Employing polymer membranes that operate up to 200 C allows for higher tolerance towards the catalytic poisonous CO during direct oxidation of organic fuels. This project is a new research project ( ) funded by the Norwegian research council. It builds upon our extensive experience in the fundamental understanding of the oxidation of small organic molecules, catalyst preparation and preparation of gas diffusion electrodes for high temperature polymer fuel cells operating with phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes. The latter represent an ongoing research field together with various international partners. It started with the EU-project AMFC (advanced methanol fuel cells, ) in the 5 th Framework Programme and continued with FURIM (further improvement, active till summer 2008) in the 6 th Framework Programme. Fuel cells can be made sustainable by employing organic fuels, or hydrogen, produced from biomass (so-called biofuels). However, catalytic poisonous species like CO is formed during the electrochemical conversion of organic fuels, which is detrimental for the fuel cell performance. Mechanistic and kinetic considerations are in this context important in order to be able to determine aspects that promote a negative or positive effect on the performance and efficiency. Enabling an operating temperature above 150 C is important for the CO-tolerance of today s fuel cell electrocatalysts. Application of carbon nanofibres supported fuel cell electrocatalysts represents a new area of scientific interest in this context due to the possible high surface area and an enhanced stability at elevated temperatures. Overall, the ultimate goal of this project is to understand the nature of the electrochemical conversion processes by employing fundamental methods, and develop and produce electrocatalysts suitable for a biofuel fuel cell operating at temperatures up to 200 C. Fig. 1 (a) Surface of a gas-diffusion electrode before hot-pressing with membrane, (b) cross-section of a tested membraneelectrode assembly (MEA). Frode Seland Fig. 2 TEM picture of a carbon nanofibre supported platinum electrocatalyst prepared by a polyol method. Photo: Gaute Svenningsen and Frode Seland Photo: Mikhail Tsypkin 16

17 Electrochemistry Digital acquisition system for FFT ac voltammetry The software and some ancillary hardware were developed by Professor David A. Harrington during his guest professorship at IMT fall One complete system is finished and located at the electrochemistry group at IMT. Prof. Harrington is currently building a second system for use in his laboratories at the University of Victoria, BC, Canada. Frode Seland David Harrington building ancillary hardware. Photo: Frode Seland 17

18 Electrochemistry PEM water electrolysis Water electrolysis currently appears as the only viable large-scale technology for converting renewable energy to hydrogen. Water electrolysis has been practiced industrially on a large scale for hundred years, and is a well established technology for applications where purity is at premium such as the food industries or cooling of power-plant generators. In other applications hydrogen produced by water electrolysis is currently too costly to compete with hydrogen derived from fossil fuels. To realise the grander vision of the hydrogen economy, improvements in efficiency as well as cost and durability of electrolysers are required. The Department is involved in this, primarily through its research on polymer exchange membranes (PEM) water electrolysis. PEM water electrolysis appears as a very promising technology as far as efficiency and compactness is concerned. Current densities are typically two to five times those of the traditional alkaline electrolysers at similar voltages. Photo: Aaron Marshall The electrode catalysts and especially the anode catalyst for oxygen evolution play a critical role in the total electrolyser efficiency. Typically, noble metals/ metal oxides with rather high loadings have been used. Ruthenium oxide is the most catalytic active for the anodic oxygen reaction but is highly unstable. Iridium oxide is less active but still considered as the most promising material, either pure or mixed with other noble or nonnoble materials. The cathode process requires catalyst as metallic particles, mostly platinum finely distributed on a support. Current research at the Department of electrocatalytic fine particles of oxide catalysts by modern techniques shows their nanocrystalline and partly amorphous structure. For a given composition catalyst activity and stability will depend on composition and preparation procedures. A priori prediction of electrocatalytic activity and stability of metal oxides for oxygen evolution as a function of these factors is difficult. However, there is wide agreement that the reaction generally occurs via adsorption/desorption reactions involving hydroxyl groups attached to the oxide surface. The electrochemical reaction is thus believed to frequently involve valence changes of the cation of the oxide catalysts. The anode electrocatalyst research at the Department aims at developing a deeper understanding of reaction mechanisms and their dependence on the catalyst composition. Through this we hope to develop a rational basis for electrocatalyst design. The work is funded by Norwegian industry and the Research Council of Norway. Voltage vs. current density for a PEM water electrolysis cell with anode electrocatalysts of different composition. Svein Sunde 18

19 Inorganic chemistry Carbon nanofiber additions to electrodes for the aluminium electrolysis The aluminium industry experiences significant changes in calcined petroleum coke quality. Can carbon nanofibers remedy this situation? Increased demand from the aluminium industry is met by non-traditional cokes that may be of inferior quality. Such cokes can be more isotropic and have a higher impurity content of for example sulfur, vanadium and nickel. As a result the anodes may be more exposed to thermal shock and excess air and CO 2 gasification, and there will be increased possibility for metal contamination and SO 2 emissions. Due to their extraordinary material properties there is considerable attention to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) worldwide. Commercially available carbon nanotubes are readily available from a number of different production methods including arc-discharge, laser-ablation and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) methods. However, the CVD method has been identified as the most promising for large-scale (thousands of tons) and low-cost production of CNTs and CNFs. The CVD method utilizes pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases such as methane and other light paraffins (C1-C5), ethene, acetylene or CO over metal catalysts. Typically transition metals such as Fe, Co and Ni are used as catalysts. Using this method, a wide range of carbon nanofiber structures ranging from single-walled carbon nanotubes to structures where the graphene planes are aligned perpendicular to the fiber axis can in principle be synthesized. A wide range of carbon nanofiber structures that may become available in sufficient quantities that are interesting for the aluminium industry in the near future is selected in this work. The typical binder matrix of electrodes used in the industry is studied with the impact of different CNFs and manufacturing variables on the structure and properties of the electrodes. TEM observations reveal detailed information about the interfaces between fibers and the binder coke with direct evidence for the pitch coke-fiber interaction. In Fig. 1 images of two of the fibers are shown, and it is seen that the binder coke aligns parallel with the tube walls in the electrodes where multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) are added, while the binder coke is attached to the graphene plane edges of the fiber in the commercial PR24 samples. Fig. 1 TEM images of pitch/fiber interfaces in electrodes containing (a) MWNT (Original fiber diameter indicated), (b) PR24. Photo: Department of Materials Science and Engineering 19

20 Inorganic chemistry Fig. 2 Fractured surfaces of electrodes with CNF added. (a) Fiber bridging (B), pullout (P) and fracture (F), PR24 electrodes, (b) Poor dispersion and wetting of CNF, MWNT electrodes. Sten Yngve Larsen and Trygve Foosnæs Photo: Sten Yngve Larsen and Trygve Foosnæs Evidence of typical reinforcement mechanisms of fibers in composites can be observed by SEM in the fractured samples containing CNF. However, the full dispersion of the nanofibers is difficult and poorly wetted fibers agglomerate; this may favor stress concentration and crack formation, see Fig. 2. By adding 15 % Fishbone or Fishbone-Tubular carbon nanofiber types to electrode binder matrices a + 30 % increase in the fracture toughness parameter K Ivb was observed compared with reference electrodes without fiber additions. Isotropic petroleum cokes will give anodes with higher CTEs and accordingly lower resistance towards thermal shocks. Possibly, this effect can be compensated for by the addition of certain nano-fiber qualities, where a 30 % reduction of CTE seems possible. Fig. 3 shows the thermal expansion of electrodes with a carbon nanofiber content of 50 %, compared with reference electrodes without fiber additions. Fig. 3 Thermal expansion ºC of electrodes with 50 % carbon nanofibers added. Reference is without fiber added Photo: Sten Yngve Larsen and Trygve Foosnæs Sten Yngve Larsen og Trygve Foosnæs 20

21 Inorganic chemistry Modelling of baked anodes An investigation of properties related to thermal shock in anodes used in aluminium production. When an ambient temperature anode is introduced into an electrolytic pot, it is exposed to a thermal shock as it comes into contact with the electrolytic bath at approximately 960 C. Sometimes this thermal shock can cause partial or total fracture of the anode. The cracking of a piece of the anode that falls into the pot will not only significantly perturb the operations of the pot, but will also deteriorate the working conditions for the operators and increase carbon consumption. Hence, it is an essential criterion of quality that anodes are highly resistant to thermal shock. Carbon anode producers are challenged by the electrolysis who wants to operate at higher specific amperage and have longer cycle time in the pots. This is a hard task knowing the raw material available at market, i.e. petroleum coke, is degrading. Hence, research work on anode quality is therefore important. The influence of gradients in a carbon anode The most common way to form anodes today is by vacuum vibration compaction. In this production stage unwanted gradients are made. By taking core samples through the anode in all direction and analyze these, we can visualize the gradients by modelling. Furthermore, these material parameters can be used in finite element modelling, indicating the cracking probability during electrolysis caused by internal gradients. High density anodes with corresponding high thermal conductivity are positive parameters regarding thermal shock resistance. The heat from bath will flow faster through the body and provide longer distance between isotherms. By using the measured material parameters from figure 1 in the finite element modelling program ANSYS, we see in the following figures the temperature development during the first 24 hours through the anode. Tension stresses1 develop in the same pattern as the temperature. Fig. 1 The plots show density gradients in three horizontal levels of a regular industry anode; top, middle and bottom. This pattern is common for anode blocks produced by vibration compaction. In the upper level there is a typical trough profile, while in the lower part the gradients are more levelled out. Photo: Odd Einar Frosta 21

22 Inorganic chemistry Figures 2-4 are results from modelling in ANSYS. They show temperature profile in a quarter of an anode (simplification due to symmetry) at three different time stages after being submerged 16 cm into the molten bath. The view is from centre. A layer of frozen bath immediately forms around the immersed part with a temperature at 650 C. As a boundary condition the anode is only covered at top surface and there is no Joule heating due to current at this early stage. Initial temperature of anode is 15 C. Given normal boundary conditions and regular trough shape of density gradients in the upper part of the carbon block, the anode temperature profile will change during the first period of time in the electrolysis cell. Due to a lower heat conductivity in the upper middle part of the anode and cover material only at the top surface, tension stresses are created in the anode top. These can cause cracks similar to those expansion of yoke and stubs are responsible for. As a conclusion, finite element modelling can be a very useful remedy when investigating the conditions in a cell and what to expect if e.g. specific amperage increase. Odd Einar Frosta and Trygve Foosnæs Fig. 2 After 15 minutes the temperature shows a U-profile in the lower part. The temperature varies from 15 to 650 C. Fig. 3 1 hour after insertion the heat has moved further up in the body. The temperature varies from ca 18 to 650 C and the profile is rather flat in the middle part. Photo: Odd Einar Frosta Photo: Odd Einar Frosta Fig. 4 After 24 hours the temperature has started to increase in the upper part. Minimum and maximum temperatures are 82 and 650 C. The profile in the upper part is opposite compared to the profile in the lower part during the first minutes. Photo: Odd Einar Frosta 22

23 Inorganic chemistry Water solutions instead of concrete During tunnel making water leaks from rock may be a serious problem. Such leaks are traditionally closed by pumping concrete into the leaking cracks. Due to its particle size concrete cannot reach the smallest pores easily, and high pressure must be used to drive the concrete slurry into the cracks. This may result in outbreak of the concrete slurry from unwanted positions in the tunnel wall/roof. A water solution containing a high amount of dissolved CaCO 3 may be used instead. When this solution is pumped into the rock, Calcite, is precipitated and closes the water leaks in the smallest cracks. The pumping pressure is much less than for the traditional concrete pumping, and much less material have to be used since only the narrow cracks have to be closed to obtain a good result. The new method has been tested successfully during the making of Eikesundstunnelen in the district of Møre, Norway in the autumn Only one injection reduced the water leak with 80 %. The Norwegian road authorities, Vegvesenet, are planning more tests using the new method. Terje Østvold Tunnel under construction. Photo: Byggeindustrien 23

24 Inorganic chemistry The production of nanosized ceramic powders by spray pyrolysis There are significant activities world wide related to the development of ceramic materials. In particular there are substantial efforts associated with improving the functional properties of a number of multi component oxide based materials. The functional properties are typically related to electronic and ionic (protons or oxygen ions) conductivity at elevated temperatures relevant for the development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and oxygen permeable membranes as well as materials more typical for the electronic industry such as dielectrics (ferro- and piezo-electric). Materials with tailored catalytic properties are also important in a number of applications of significant industrial interest. These material systems have all in common that they are oxide based with rather complex compositions and materials processing is usually based on the availability of homogeneous, nano sized powders. day. Since establishment we have produced a variety of different compositions and the method has demonstrated its versatility producing high purity, homogeneous powders with particle size less than 100 nm. The powders have shown excellent sintering properties resulting in well defined micro structures in the sub micron range. The pilot plant is one of only a few production facilities in Europe. Kjell Wiik A particular powerful method to obtain ceramic powders with nano-homogeneity and nano-size combined with a high production rate is spray pyrolysis. The precursors are typically based on water soluble metal salts (e.g. nitrates) mixed in correct proportions and atomized using pressurized air and subsequently fed into a hot rotating chamber where drying and reaction takes place. A complete pilot plant for powder production based on spray pyrolysis is established at our department with capacity to produce between 5 and 10 kilos of powder per Fig. 1: Process steps for producing ceramic powders by spray pyrolysis. Photo: Tommy Mokkelbost Fig. 2: a) From raw powder, b) via calcined powder and c) to final high density ceramic bulk material. Photo: Tommy Mokkelbost 24

25 Inorganic chemistry A simple method for determination of oxygen transport properties in mixed conducting oxides is established Oxide based ceramic materials showing both electronic and ionic conductivity at elevated temperatures are useful compounds in a number of applications. They may be used as electrodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) as well as in membranes for separating oxygen from air integrated in processes for producing syngas from natural gas or they may be used simply as an oxygen monitor. In all these applications the transport properties of oxygen is of importance, including both the rate of oxygen exchange between solid surface and ambient atmosphere as well as the rate of bulk (solid state) diffusion. Since the electronic conductivity in these materials is proportional with the oxygen content which again is proportional with the ambient partial pressure of oxygen, we can easily relate the electronic conductivity with the exchange of oxygen between sample and ambience. In particular the electronic conductivity relaxation resulting from a stepwise change in the ambient partial pressure of oxygen may relatively easy be converted to useful coefficients related to oxygen bulk diffusion (D chem ) and oxygen surface exchange (k chem ), respectively. A dedicated apparatus specially designed for this type of measurements have been established at the department since long, and is routinely used for characterization of transport properties of mixed conducting oxides at temperatures up to 1000 C in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. Kjell Wiik Fig. 2 The experimental setup for the electrical conductivity relaxation measurements. Fig. 1 Oxygen bulk diffusion coefficient (D chem ) and oxygen surface exchange coefficient (k chem ) as determined for Sr-doped lanthanum cobaltite (La 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co O3-a ) by the electrical conductivity relaxation method. Photo: Espen Rudberg Fig. 3 Sample geometry and positioning of electrodes. Photo: Ivar Wærnhus Photo: Ivar Wærnhus 25

26 Inorganic chemistry Self-assembled growth of PbTiO 3 nanorods There is a grate interest in nanostructured materials with various functional properties and particles, nanorods and thin films of a whole range of metals, semiconductors and magnetic materials have been fabricated. Oxide nano-materials have also been synthesised and particularly the oxide thin film technology have become very advanced. However, the production of one-dimensional (1D) complex oxide nanomaterials has lingered far behind the preparation of particles and thin films, and to date only a limited number of papers have been published on 1D nanomaterials of complex oxides. The Inorganic materials and ceramics research group at Department of Materials Science and Engineering have recently started a program on the synthesis of low dimensional ferroelectric oxides such as PbTiO 3. They have recently succeeded in developing a novel route to PbTiO 3 nanorods. The method is based on hydrothermal synthesis using a precursor prepared by sol-gel technology. Bur-like structures were shown to be formed under hydrothermal conditions using surfactants. The bure-like structures consisted of a core of aggregated nanocrystals of PbTiO 3 surrounded by nanorods of PbTiO 3 growing out of the core. Surfactants containing phenyl-sulfonic groups resulted in self-assembly of PbTiO 3 nanocrystals resulting in growth of the nanorods. The group has recently been investigating the fundamentals of the growth process. Tor Grande Bur-like structures of PbTiO 3 nanorods. Photo: Guozhong Wang 26

27 PUBLICATIONS IN REFEREED JOURNALS AND BOOKS EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY Ciftja, A.; Zhang, L.; Engh, T. A.; Kvithyld, A.: Purification of solar cell silicon materials through filtration. Rare Metals 25 (2006) Espelund, A. W.: Frühe eisenmetallurgie in Norwegen. Stahl und Eisen 126 (2006) Espelund, A. W.: Pit metallurgy? Metalurgija 12 (2006) Espelund, A. W.: Viking to Victorian - exploring the use of iron in ship building. Maritime - Life and Traditions 33 (2006) Görner, H.; Engh, T. A.; Syvertsen, M.: Kinetics of an AlF 3 aluminium filter. Light Metals 4 (2006) Görner, H.; Engh, T. A.; Syvertsen, M.; Zhang, L.: Removal of Na and Ca from aluminum scrap through filtration. Materials Science Forum (2006) Johnsen, K. A.; Grace, J. R.; Elnashaie, S. S. E. H.; Kolbeinsen, L.; Eriksen, D.: Modeling of sorption-enhanced steam reforming in a dual fluidized bubbling bed reactor. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 45 (2006) Meskers, C. E. M.; Kvithyld, A.; Reuter, M. A.; Engh, T. A.: Thermal de-coating of magnesium - a first step towards recycling of coated magnesium. Magnesium Technology (2006) Safarian-Dastjerdi, J.; Grong, Ø.; Kolbeinsen, L.; Olsen, S. E.: A process model for the carbothermic reduction of MnO from high carbon ferromanganese - the model. ISIJ International 46 (2006) Saevarsdottir, G; Palsson, H; Jonsson, M; Bakken, J. A.: Electrode erosion due to high-current electric arcs in silicon and ferrosilicon furnaces. Steel Research 77 (2006) Tang, K.; Olsen, S. E.: Computer simulation of equilibrium relations in manganese ferroalloy production. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science 37B (2006) Zhang, L.: Inclusions and bubbles in steel - a review. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 13 (2006) 1-8. Zhang, L.: Indirect methods of detecting and evaluating inclusions in steel - a review. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 13 (2006) 1-8. Zhang, L.: State of the art in recovery of aluminum from aluminum dross. Light Metals 4 (2006) Zhang, L.: State of the art in the control of inclusions in tire cord steels - a review. Steel Research 77 (2006) Zhang, L.: State of the art in the refining and recycling of magnesium. Materials Science Forum (2006) Zhang, L.; Aoki, J.; Thomas, B. G.: Inclusion removal by bubble flotation in a continuous casting mold. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science 37 (2006) Zhang, L.; Thomas, B. G.: Fluid flow and inclusion removal in continuous casting strand. Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 13 (2006) Zhang, L.; Thomas, B. G.: State of the art in the control of inclusions during steel ingot casting. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science 37 (2006) Zhang, L.; Rietow, B.; Thomas, B. G.; Eakin, K.: Large inclusions in plain-carbon steel ingots cast by bottom teeming. ISIJ International 46 (2006) Zhang, L.; Zhi, J.; Mei, F.; Zhu, L.; Jiang, X.; Shen, J.; Cui, J.; Cai, K.; Thomas, B. G: Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and cleanliness control at baosteel. Ironmaking & Steelmaking 33 (2006) PHYSICAL METALLURGY Bentzen, A.; Holt, A.; Kopecek, R.; Stokkan, G.; Christensen, J. S.; Svensson, B. G.: Gettering of transition metal impurities during phosphorus emitter diffusion in multicrystalline silicon solar cell processing. Journal of Applied Physics 99 (2006) 1-6. Bjerkaas, H.; Fjeldbo, S. K.; Roven, H. J.; Hjelen, J.; Chiron, R.; Furu, T.: Study of microstructure and texture evolution using in-situ EBSD investigations and SE imaging in SEM. Materials Science Forum (2006)

28 Publications in refereed journals and books Di Sabatino, M.; Arnberg, L.; Brusethaug, S.; Apelian, D.: Fluidity evaluation methods for Al-Mg-Si alloys. International Journal of Cast Metals Research 19 (2006) Forbord, B.; Auran, L.; Lefebvre, W.; Hallem, H.; Marthinsen, K.: Rapid precipitation of dispersoids during extrusion of an Al wt. % Mn-0.13 wt. % Zr-0.17 wt. % Sc-alloy. Materials Science and Engineering A Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing 424 (2006) Friis, J.; Holmedal, B.; Ryen, Ø.; Nes, E. A.; Myhr, O. R.; Grong, Ø.; Furu, T.; Marthinsen, K.: Work hardening behaviour of heat-treatable Al-Mg-Si-alloys. Materials Science Forum (2006) Furu, T.; Dons, A. L.; Berstad, T.; Holmedal, B.; Marthinsen, K.: Through process modeling of extrusion: evolution in microstructure and mechanical properties through the whole process chain from as cast and homogenized condition to forming of profiles. Virtual Fabrication of Aluminium Products (2006) Grab, T.; Arnberg, L.: Influence of TiB 2 particles on growth of eutectic silicon in aluminium-silicon alloys. International Journal of Cast Metals Research 19 (2006) Grong, Ø.; Kolbeinsen, L.; Tranell, G.; Van der Eijk, C.: Microstructure control of steels through dispersoid metallurgy using novel grain refining alloys. ISIJ International 46 (2006) Hallem, H.; Lefebvre, W.; Forbord, B.; Danoix, F.; Marthinsen, K.: The formation of Al 3 (Sc x,zr y,hf 1-x-y )-dispersoids in aluminium alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing 421 (2006) Hallem, H.; Rittel, W.; Forbord, B.; Marthinsen, K.: Recrystallisation resistance of extruded and cold rolled aluminium alloys with additions of Hf, Sc and Zr. Materials Science Forum (2006) Holmedal, B.; Nes, E. A.; Marthinsen, K.: Work hardening of aluminium alloys - a review of selected work hardening models. Virtual Fabrication of Aluminium (2006) Hunderi, O.; Friis, J.; Marthinsen, K.; Ryum, N.: Grain size correlation during normal grain growth in one dimension. Scripta Materialia 55 (2006) Hunderi, O.; Ryum, N.: Introduction to On the theory of normal and abnormal grain growth. Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations (2006) Johansen, A.; Bauger, Ø.; Embury, J. D.; Ryum, N.: Alloy development in the Al-Mg-Alloy system. Part 1 A. Aluminium 82 (2006) Johansen, A.; Bauger, Ø.; Embury, J. D.; Ryum, N.: Alloy development in the Al-Mg-alloy system. Part 1 B. Aluminium 82 (2006) Johansen, A.; Bauger, Ø.; Ryum, N.: Aluminium. Aluminium 82 (2006) Johansen, A.; Bauger, Ø.; Ryum, N.: Alloy development in the Al-Mg-alloy system. Aluminium 82 (2006) Ladanova, E.; Solberg, J. K.; Rogne, T.: Carbide precipitation in HAZ of multipass welds in titanium containing and titanium free supermartensitic stainless steels. Part 1: Proposed precipitation mechanisms. Corrosion Engineering Science and Technology 41 (2006) Ladanova, E.; Solberg, J. K.; Rogne, T.: Carbide precipitation in HAZ of multipass welds in titanium containing and titanium free supermartensitic stainless steels. Part 2: Weld simulation studies. Corrosion Engineering Science and Technology 41 (2006) Lou, D.; Akselsen, O. M.; Onsøien, M. I.; Solberg, J. K.; Berget, J.: Surface modification of steel and cast iron to improve corrosion resistance in molten aluminium. Surface & Coatings Technology 200 (2006) Lou, D.; Akselsen, O. M.; Solberg, J. K.; Onsøien, M. I.; Berget, J.; Dahl, N.: Silicon-boronising of nimonic 90 superalloy. Surface & Coatings Technology 200 (2006) Magnabosco, I.; Ferro, P.; Bonollo, F.; Arnberg, L.: An investigation of fusion zone microstructures in electron beam welding of copper-stainless steel. Materials Science & Engineering A - Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing A424 (2006) Marthinsen, K.; Abtahi, S.; Holmedal, B.; Nes, E. A.; Johansen, A.; Furu, T.; Engler, O.; Lok, Z. J.; Miroux, A.; Talamantes-Silva, J.: Through process simulation of EN AW-3103 sheet production modelling the evolution of microstructure, texture, microchemistry and mechanical properties. Virtual Fabrication of Aluminium Products (2006) Mathiesen, R.; Arnberg, L.; Bleuet, P.; Somogyi, A.: Crystal fragmentation and columnar-to-equiaxed transitions in Al-Cu studied by syncrotron X-ray video microscopy. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science 37A (2006) Mathiesen, R.; Arnberg, L.: Time-resolved X-ray imaging studies of advanced alloy solidification processes. Advances in X-ray Analysis 49 (2006) Mathiesen, R.; Arnberg, L.: X-ray monitoring of solidification phenomena in Al-Cu alloys. Materials Science Forum 508 (2006)

29 Publications in refereed journals and books Morgenstern, R.; Videm, M.; Marthinsen, K.; Nes, E. A.; Furu, T.: Deformation and recrystallization behaviour of a homogenized and a heterogenized Al-Mg-Si alloy. Materials Science Forum (2006) Nes, E. A.; Holmedal, B.; Forbord, B.: The effect of boundary structure on the mechanical properties of aluminium alloys. Materials Science Forum (2006) Roven, H. J.; Hjelen, J.: In-situ deformation of aluminium in the SEM. Aluminium 82 (2006) Ryen, Ø.; Laukli, H. I.; Holmedal, B.; Nes, E. A.: Large strain work hardening of aluminum alloys and the effect of Mg in solid solution. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science 37A (2006) Ryen, Ø.; Nijs, O.; Sjölander, E.; Holmedal, B.; Ekström, H. E.; Nes, E. A.: Strengthening mechanisms in solid solution aluminum alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science 37A (2006) Schaffer, P. L.; Arnberg, L.; Dahle, A. K.: Segregation of particles and its influence on the fluidity of an Al-7wt %Si alloy. Scripta Materialia 54 (2006) Werenskiold, J. C.; Roven, H. J.: On the grain refinement mechanisms in SPD - applying high resolution electron microscopy and the LEDS approach. Materials Science Forum (2006) Werenskiold, J. C.; Roven, H. J.: Understanding the textural and microstructural development in two-pass ECAP by route A of a commercial aluminium alloy. NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry 212 (2006) ELECTROCHEMISTRY Ambrova, M.; Danielik, V.; Fellner, P.; Thonstad, J.: The cathode process in sodium chloride melts containing sulphate. Electrochimica Acta 51 (2006) Castrillejo, Y.; Bermejo, M. R.; Barrado, E.; Medina, J.; Martinez, A. M. C.: Electrodeposition of Ho and electrochemical formation of Ho-Al alloys from the eutectic LiCl-KCl. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 153 (2006) C713-C721. Fellner, P.; Jurisova, J.; Khandl, V.; Sykorova, A.; Thonstad, J.: Adsorption of SO 2 on alumina. Chemické Zvesti 60 (2006) Giskeødegård, N. H.; Blaijev, O.; Hubin, A.; Terryn, H.; Hunderi, O.; Nisancioglu, K.: Properties of oxide formed on aluminium in aqueous acetate buffer. Materials Science Forum (2006) Graver, B. K. F; Van Helvoort, A. T. J.; Walmsley, J. C.; Nisancioglu, K.: Surface segregation of indium and tin by heat treatment of aluminium. Materials Science Forum (2006) Halseid, R.; Bystron, T.; Tunold, R.: Oxygen reduction on platinum in aqueous sulphuric acid in the presence of ammonium. Electrochimica Acta 51 (2006) Halseid, R.; Tunold, R.: Hydrogen oxidation on PtRu PEM anodes - mechanism, effective mass transfer and influence of CO 2. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 153 (2006) A2319- A2325. Halseid, R.; Vie, P.; Tunold, R.: Effect of ammonia on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources 154 (2006) Krstajic, N. V.; Vracar, L. M.; Neophytides, S. G.; Jaksic, J. M.; Murase, K.; Tunold, R.; Jaksic, M. M.: Supported interactive electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen electrode reactions. Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 9 (2006) Larsen, M. H.; Walmsley, J. C; Lunder, O.; Nisancioglu, K.: Significance of low copper content on grain boundary nanostructure and intergranular corrosion of AlMgSi(Cu) model alloys. Materials Science Forum (2006) Marshall, A.; Børresen, B.; Hagen, G. K; Sunde, S.; Tsypkin, M.; Tunold, R.: Iridium oxide-based nanocrystalline particles as oxygen evolution electrocatalysts. Russian Journal of Electrochemistry 42 (2006) Marshall, A.; Børresen, B.; Hagen, G. K; Tsypkin, M.; Tunold, R.: Electrochemical characterisation of Ir x Sn (1-x) O 2 powders as oxygen evolution electrocatalysts. Electrochimica Acta 51 (2006) Miland, H.; Glöckner, R.; Taylor, P.; Aaberg, R. J.; Hagen, G. K.: Load control of a wind-hydrogen stand-alone power system. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 31 (2006) Nisancioglu, K.; Sævik, Ø.; Yu, Y.: Passivity breakdown of aluminium alloys by trace element lead. Passivation of Metals and Semiconductors and Properties of Thin Oxide Layers (2006) Rodahl, S.; Nisancioglu, K.; Knudsen, O. Ø.: Fracture mechanical testing of adhesion of organic coatings on aluminium. Materials Science Forum (2006) Seland, F.; Berning, T.; Børresen, B.; Tunold, R.: Improving the performance of high-temperature PEM fuel cells based on PBI electrolyte. Journal of Power Sources 160 (2006)

30 Publications in refereed journals and books Seland, F.; Harrington, D. A.; Tunold, R.: Fast methanol oxidation on polycrystalline Pt. Electrochimica Acta 52 (2006) Seland, F.; Tunold, R.; Harrington, D. A.: Impedance study of methanol oxidation on platinum electrodes. Electrochimica Acta 51 (2006) Stafford, G. R.; Kongstein, O. E.; Haarberg, G. M.: In situ stress measurements during aluminum deposition from Al Cl 3 -EtMeImCl ionic liquid. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 153 (2006) C207- C212. Svenningsen, G.; Larsen, M. H.; Nordlien, J. H.; Nisancioglu, K.: Effect of high temperature heat treatment on intergranular corrosion of AlMgSi(Cu) model alloy. Corrosion Science 48 (2006) Svenningsen, G.; Larsen, M. H.; Walmsley, J. C; Nordlien, J. H.; Nisancioglu, K.: Effect of artificial aging on intergranular corrosion of extruded AlMgSi alloy with small Cu content. Corrosion Science 48 (2006) Svenningsen, G.; Lein, J. E.; Bjørgum, A.; Nordlien, J. H.; Yu, Y.; Nisancioglu, K.: Effect of low copper content and heat treatment on intergranular corrosion of model AlMgSi alloys. Corrosion Science 48 (2006) Svensson, A. M.; Nisancioglu, K.: Effect of non-uniform reaction rates at solid-oxide interfaces on the electrochemical impedance. Solid State Ionics 177 (2006) Thisted, E. W.; Haarberg, G. M.; Thonstad, J.: Solubility of AlPO 4 in cryolite melts. Thermochimica Acta 447 (2006) Thomassen, M. S.; Børresen, B.; Scott, K.; Tunold, R.: A computational simulation of a hydrogen/chlorine single fuel cell. Journal of Power Sources 157 (2006) Thomassen, M. S.; Karlsen, C.; Børresen, B.; Tunold, R.: Kinetic investigation of the chlorine reduction reaction on electrochemically oxidised ruthenium. Electrochimica Acta 51 (2006) Thomassen, M. S.; Sandnes, E.; Børresen, B.; Tunold, R.: Evaluation of fuel cell concepts for hydrogen-chlorine fuel cells. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 36 (2006) Thonstad, J.; Kisza, A.; Hives, J.: Overvoltage on metallic inert anodes in low-melting bath. Light Metals 2 (2006) Zenith, F.; Seland, F.; Kongstein, O. E.; Børresen, B.; Tunold, R.; Skogestad, S.: Control-oriented modelling and experimental study of the transient response of a high-temperature polymer fuel cell. Journal of Power Sources 162 (2006) INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chmelar, J.; Foosnæs, T.; Øye, H. A.: Thermal dilation of green anodes during baking. Light Metals 3 (2006) Ibrahiem, M. O.; Foosnæs, T.; Øye, H. A.: Stability of TiB 2 - C composite coatings. Light Metals 3 (2006) Kaus, I.; Dahl, P. I.; Mastin, J.; Grande, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.: Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline YSZ powder by smoldering combustion synthesis. Journal of Nanomaterials (2006) 1-7. Lein, H. L.; Andersen, Ø. S.; Vullum, P. E.; Lara-Curzio, E; Holmestad, Randi; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.: Mechanical properties of mixed conducting La 0.5 Sr 0.5 Fe 1-x Co x O 3-δ (0,5 x 1) materials. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 10 (2006) Lein, H. L.; Wiik, K.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.: High-temperature creep behavior of mixed conducting La 0.5 Sr 0.5 Fe 1-x Co x O 3-δ (0,5 x 1) materials. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 89 (2006) Lein, H. L.; Wiik, K.; Grande, T.: Kinetic demixing and decomposition of oxygen permeable membranes. Solid State Ionics 117 (2006) Lein, H. L.; Wiik, K.; Grande, T.: Thermal and chemical expansion of mixed conducting La 0.5 Sr 0.5 Fe 1-x Co x O 3-δ materials. Solid State Ionics 177 (2006) Madshus, S.; Foosnæs, T.; Hyland, M.; Krane, J.; Øye, H. A.: Composition and intermolecular reactivity of binder pitches and the influence on structure of carbonized pitch cokes. Light Metals 3 (2006) Mastin, J. R. M; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.: Crystal structure and thermal properties of La 1-x Sa x Fe 1-x CoO 3-δ (0 x 0.4). Chemistry of Materials 18 (2006) Mastin, J. R. M; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.: Structural and thermal properties of La 1-x Sr x CoO 3-δ. Chemistry of Materials 18 (2006) Nielsen, R. K. B.; Kongshaug, K. O.; Fjellvåg, H.: Syntheses, crystal structures and thermal properties of 3D coordination polymers assembled from 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid. Solid State Sciences 8 (2006) Ochoa-Fernandez, E.; Rønning, M.; Grande, T.; Chen, D.: Synthesis and CO 2 capture properties of nanocrystalline lithium zirconate. Chemistry of Materials 18 (2006) Ochoa-Fernandez, E.; Grande, T.; Rønning, M.; Chen, D.: Nanocrystalline lithium zirconate with improved kinetics for high temperature CO 2 capture. Chemistry of Materials 18 (2006) Publications in refereed journals and books

31 Publications in refereed journals and books Palcut, M.: Oxidation of a cysteinato ligand by peroxodisulfate in a water-methanol solvent. Mendeleev Communications 16 (2006) Rørvik, S.; Ratvik, A. P.; Foosnæs, T.: Characterization of green anode materials by image analysis. Light Metals 3 (2006) Sagdahl, L. T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.: Sintering behaviour of La 1-x Sr x FeO 3-δ mixed conductors. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 26 (2006) Sandengen, K.; Kaasa, B.: Estimation of monoethylene glycol (MEG) content in water + MEG + NaCl + NaHCO 3 solutions. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 51 (2006) Sansom, J. E. H.; Kendrick, E.; Tolchard, J. R.; Islam, M. S.; Slater, P. R.: A comparison of the effect of rare earth vs Si site doping on the conductivities of apatite-type rare earth silicates Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 10 (2006) Schøning, C.; Grande, T.: The stability of refractory oxides in sodium-rich environments. Journal of the Minerals Metals & Materials Society 58 (2006) Smith, J. B.; Norby, T.; Fossdal, A.: Electron probe micro analysis of a-site inter-diffusion between LaFeO 3 and NdFeO 3. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 89 (2006) Søndenå, R.; Ravindran, P.; Stølen, S.; Grande, T.; Hanfland, M.: Electronic structure and magnetic properties of cubic and hexagonal SrMnO 3. Physical Review B 74 (2006) Vullum, P. E.; Mastin, J. R. M; Wright, J; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Holmestad, R.; Grande, T.: In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction of ferroelastic La 0.8 Ca 0.2 CoO 3 ceramics during uniaxial compression. Acta Materialia 54 (2006)

32 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, OTHER REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS Bjørgum, E.; Lein, H. L.; Chen, D.; Grande, T.; Holmen, A.: Reduction/oxidation of La 0,5 Sr 0,5 Fe y CO 1-y O 3-δ perovskite oxides studied by TEOM-MS. 12th Nordic Symposium on Catalysis (2006) Ciftja, A.; Kvithyld, A.; Zhang, L.; Engh, T. A.: Removal of inclusions from silicon by filtration. Silicon for the Chemical Industry VIII (2006) Espelund, A. W.: Jern fra keltertid til middelalder. Adresseavisen (2006) Espelund, A. W.: Ljåsmiing, ljåslått og bruk av slipestein/bryne i tid og rom. Håndverk og kunnskap (2006) Graver, B. K. F.; Sævik, Ø.; Yu, Y.; Nisancioglu, K.: Passivity breakdown of aluminium alloys by surface enrichment of group IIIA - VA trace elements. Passivation of Metals and Semiconductors and Properties of Thin Oxide Layers (2006) Grong, Ø.; van der Eijk, C.; Tranell, G.; Kolbeinsen, L.: Kornforfiningslegering. Patent number (2006). Hirsch, J; Holmedal, B.; Nes, E. A.; Marthinsen, K.; Engler, O.; Abtahi, S.; Schneider, W.; Grun, G. A.; Hamerton, R.; Ekström, H. E.; Hurd, T.; Van der Vinden, M.; Brunger, E.; Pettersen, T.; Furu, T.; Gottstein, G.; Jacot, A.; Van houtte, P.; Saiyi, L.; Kalz, S.; Miroux, A.; Lok, Z. J.; Anselmino, E.; van der Zwaag, S.; Talamantes-Silva, J.; Beynon, J. H.; Pina, C.; Banabic, D.; Erman Tekkaya, A.; Asboel, K.; Karhausen, K.; Crumbach, M.; Neuman, L.; Kopp, R.; Johansen, A.; Dons, A. L.; Berstad, T.: Virtual fabrication of aluminium products. John Wiley & Sons (2006). 405 pages. Kolbeinsen, L.: Ferrolegeringer. Avanserte materialer i Norge Vedlegg 1: Materialforskning i Norge (2006) Kolbeinsen, L.: Silisium (teknisk). Avanserte materialer i Norge Vedlegg 1: Materialforskning i Norge (2006) Kvithyld, A.; Chithambaranadhan, D.; Ciftja, A.; Øvrelid, E.; Engh, T. A.: Filtration of solar cell silicon scrap. EPD Congress (2006) Liu, S.; Liang, M.; Niu, S.; Li, C.; Wang, X.; Zhang, L.: Control of steel cleanliness at unsteady casting period during steel continuous casting. Iron & Steel Technology Conference Proceedings, AISTech (2006) Lou, D.; Akselsen, O. M.; Solberg, J. K.: Surface treatment techniques and materials for advanced aluminium forming tools. SINTEF Report STF80MK; F pages. Moen, K.; Malvik, T.; Breivik, T.; Hjelen, J.: Particle texture analysis in process mineralogy. Proceedings of the XXIII International Mineral Processing Congress (2006) Nisancioglu, K.: Corrosion science and engineering of light metals: past, present and future. Korrosionmekanismer, havarier, beskyttelse (2006) Robertson, D. G. C.; Peaslee, K. D.; Peter, J. J.; Zhang, L.; Thomas, B. G.: Continuous steel production and apparatus. Patent number US (2006). Szczygiel, P.; Roven, H. J.; Simensen, C.; Reiso, O.: Microstructural development of recycled-like alloys during ECAP: particle break-up, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society (2006). 497 pages. Tranell, G.; Aarstad, K.; Syvertsen, M.; Engh, T. A.: The role of fluorine solubility in the protection of molten magnesium. Proceedings of the 7 th International Conference on Magnesium Alloys and their Applications (2006) Tuset, J. K.: Thermodynamics of the carbothermic silicon process. Silicon for the Chemical Industry VIII (2006) Wang, X.; Zhang, L.: Effect of operation parameters on the fluid flow and inclusion motion in continuous casting strands: water model, numerical simulation and industry measurement, control of steel cleanliness at unsteady casting period during steel continuous casting. Iron & Steel Technology Conference Proceedings, AISTech (2006) Ystenes, M.: Barn med høy intelligens, barn uten stammefrender. Pedagogisk profil 13 (2006) 5-9. Ystenes, M.: Fra naturlig uran til atombombe. MEMO 1 (2006) 53. Ystenes, M.: Norges miljøbløff. MEMO 1 (2006) 34. Ystenes, M.: Oss nerder imellom. MEMO 1 (2006)

33 Conference proceedings, other reports and publications Ystenes, M.: Overdreven strålefare. MEMO 1 (2006) 67. Ystenes, M.: Vi aper, uten å forstå. MEMO 1 (2006) 79. Zhang, L.: Fluid flow, heat transfer and inclusion removal in continuous casting strands. 5th International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Process Industries (CFD) (2006) 1-9. Zhang, L.: Fluid flow, heat transfer and inclusion motion in continuous casting tundishes. 5th International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Process Industries (CFD) (2006) 1-9. Zhang, L.: Fluid flow and transport phenomena during steel refining and casting process. EPD Congress (2006) Zhang, L.: Transport phenomena and CFD application during process metallurgy. Sohn International Symposium (2006) Øye, H. A.; Brekken, H.; Foosnæs, T.; Nygaard, L.: Silicon for the Chemical Industry VIII. Tapir Uttrykk (2006). 256 pages. 33

34 EQUIPMENT EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY Furnaces Crucible furnace, capacity 140 kg aluminium; with gas purging unit etc. for metal refinery studies. Induction furnace, capacity 200 kg of steel, Eloterm. Induction furnace, capacity 20 kg of steel, ASEA. Vacuum induction furnace, capacity 2 kg of steel, Balzer. Plasma pilot facility/furnace, capacity 30 kg/h and plasma temperatures up to ~ 3000 C. Electro-melting furnace, one-phase current, for pilot production of metals. Small induction furnace up to 3600 C. Water model Laser methods applied to follow fluid flow and gas bubble flow behaviour in light-transparent models representing industrial processes. Pilot scale gas injections (in water). Miscellaneous High temperature microscope for wettability studies; sessile drop method different vertical versatile furnaces, temperatures up to 1600 C. Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer with mass spectrometer. Vacuum/inert gas facility for measurements of diffusion constants, up to 1200 C. Instruments for solubility measurements. PHYSICAL METALLURGY Metallography Specimen preparation and light optical laboratory Traditional specimen preparation equipment for cutting, embedding, grinding and mechanical polishing, Struers RotoPol-31 automatic grinding and polishing machine, Struers Lectropol-5 electropolisher, Struers Tenopol- 5 for TEM thin foil preparation, 4 optical microscopes attached with digital cameras (Leica MeF4, Leitz MM6, Leitz Metalloplan, Zeiss Axiovert 25), Matuzawa DVK-1S microhardness tester ( kg), Leica VMHT MOT micro hardness tester (1g 2000g, anno 2003). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) laboratory Zeiss SUPRA 55VP (LVFESEM, 2006), Hitachi S-4300SE (FESEM, 2002), Hitachi S-3500N (LVSEM, 2002), Jeol 840 (1989), Jeol 840 (1985). 4 SEMs are equipped with EDS and EBSD. The laboratory has an in-situ sub-stage for combined EBSD-thermo mechanical experiments. Electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) Jeol JXA-8500F field emission gun hyperprobe with 5 wavelength dispersive spectrometers, special crystals for light element analysis, EDS, and cathodoluminescence system (2006). Chemical analysis of submicron volumes. Transmission electron microscope Jeol JEM-2010 (1994) with LaB 6 filament equipped with STEM, EDS and Gatan GIF imaging filter. X-ray diffraction Siemens D5000 X-ray diffractometer equipped with Euler cradle for texture measurements. Furnace laboratory 5 salt bath furnaces (250 C-590 C), 5 oil bath furnaces (50 C-250 C), 9 fluid bed furnaces (0 C-600 C), 2 muffle furnaces (0 C-800 C, 0 C-1300 C), 2 air circulation furnaces (0 C-650 C), one with large chamber (Multitherm S250/65A, 450mm 450mm 600mm, anno 2003). Mechanical testing MTS 810 universal testing machine (10 tons), MTS 880 universal testing machine (10 tons) equipped with 250 C furnace chamber and MTS Teststar control units, shear tester, bend tester, compression tools, formability tools, fatigue and fracture grips, high rate tensile grips, ordinary extensometers and clip gauges for room temperature testing, laser speckle analyser. Metal forming 60 and 100 tons hydraulic presses, equal channel angular pressing tools, hydroforming tools, Marciniak formability tester (used also in MTS 880), ASAME equipment for automatic 3-dimensional strain analysis and measurements. Hot torsion machine, two cold rolling mills. Casting Small scale solidification laboratory 3 resistor furnaces (max 1000 C), reometer, Podfa filter for analysing melt quality, Bridgeman furnace (ferro alloys), Seiko differential scanning calorimeter (-150 C C). Casting laboratory ASEA 3830 Hz induction furnace (6.5 liters, max 1700 C), Balzer VSG Hz vacuum induction furnace (1-2 liters, max 2000 C), induction melt spinner for rapid solidification (5cm 3 ), Marco arc melt spinner for rapid solidification (100cm 3 ). Welding (SINTEF but used by Department of Materials Science and Engineering) Hyperbaric welding equipment, ABB welding robot station, Smitweld TCS 1405 resistor weld simulator, 2 high frequency induction generators (6kW, 12kW), medium frequency generator (50kW), IRC (Instrumented Restrained Cracking) jig, Satoh jig for welding prestrained specimens, Ströhlein TCD (Thermal Conductivity Detection) instrument for hydrogen measurement, mercury based hydrogen analysis apparatus. Wear testing Pin on disk -, pin on ring - and pin on plate machines, Struers Microwave abrasive testing machine, water jet erosion machine. Pressing ABB hot isostatic press (2000 bar, 2000 C), ABB cold isostatic press (6000 bar), Thermal Technology Inc. hydraulic hot axial press (200kPa). Solar silicon Clean room class 10000, Crystalox DS 250 Bridgeman furnace for directional solidification of (solar cell) silicon, saw for cutting silicon ingots, Jandel four points probe 34

35 Equipment for resistivity measurements, Leo Gieken instrument for measurement of lifetime of minority charge carriers, PVScan 6000 instrument for measurement of dislocation densities and detection of grain boundaries, GTSolar LBIC (Light Beam Induced Current) measuring device. ELECTROCHEMISTRY Electrochemical equipment: Potentiostates, frequency analysers and sweep generators. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and an electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance. Digital Acquisition system for FFT ac voltammetry. Surface characterisation: Electrochemical STM/AFM microscopy for performing in situ combined electrochemical and surface studies. Adsorption measurements: A volumetric PCT (Pressure Composition Temperature) equipment for measurements of hydrogen adsorption in hydride forming materials. Miscellaneous: Preparative equipment, vacuum systems, glove boxes, test rigs. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Materials characterization: Thermobalances equipped for - Vapour pressure measurements by boiling point and Knudsen effusion method for use up to 2200 C. - High temperature gravimetric analysis (max C) in controlled atmosphere. Calorimeters - Calvet type reaction calorimeters (max C). - Differential scanning calorimeter (Perkin-Elmer DSC-2) for use up to 727 C. - DTA/Reaction calorimeter (max 1200 C). - TGA/DTA/DSC for use up to 1600 C. Viscometers - Precision viscometers for determination of the viscosity of molten salts, metals and hydrocarbons at high tem peratures and pressures. Equipment for the measurement of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity by the hot strip method of solids or liquids up to 700 C (R and D Carbon). Equipment for the measurement of thermal conductivity of bricks and powders up to 1200 C. Hitatchi S-3400N variable pressure SEM equipped with INCA Energy EDS system and EBSD. Reichert-Jung MeF3A optical microscope for metal and mineralogical applications equipped with computerized image analysis system. Porosimeters - Carlo Erba 2000 WS, (pore radius: mm), Ma cropore 120 (pore radius: mm). - Micromeritics TRISTAR 3000, (pore diameter: Å). Rapoport test apparatus (R and D Carbon). Rammability (R and D Carbon). Air Permeability (R and D Carbon). Specific Electrical Resistance (R and D Carbon). Sodium resistance test equipment (carbon). Abrasion tester. Lloyd LR 100K Materials Testing Machine. Yield and strength tests up to 1000 C. Equipment for mechanical characteri zation of bending strength, E-modulus, fracture toughness and creep up to 1100 C under controlled atmosphere. Equipment for mechanical 3-point bending of gels (100 g load cell). Thermal dilation measurements in controlled atmosphere up to 1450 C. LECO TC-436 Oxygen and Nitrogen Determinator. Micromeretics AccuPyc 1330 Pycnometer. Production of carbon materials Pilot plant scale for mixing anode, cathode or ramming paste including sigma-mixer and vibration press. Production of ceramic materials Spray pyrolysis unit for large scale production of ceramic powders. Spray dryer. Cold isostatic press (Flow Autoclave Systems). Uniaxial press. Tape Caster (Richard E. Mistler). Spectroscopy Bruker IFS 66v Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer ( cm 1). IR microscope. Cary 5, UV-VIS-NIR Spectrometer ( cm-1). X-ray diffraction equipment Bruker D8 ADVANCE X-ray diffractometer. - Cu Kα X-ray tube, variable divergence slit assembly - Theta/theta base goniometer, automatic sample changer, rotating reflection sample stage. - Variable antiscatter slit assembly, scintillation detector. - VANTEC-I 1D detector with large active area. - TC-Wide Range low/high temperature chamber, rotating ceramic sample stage. Siemens D5005 powder X-ray diffracto meter, unit A: - primary monochromator (quartz) - Cu Kα X-ray tube, automatic antiscatter slit, scintillation detector Siemens D5005 powder X-ray diffractometer, unit B. - secondary monochromator (graphite), autom. antiscatter and divergence slit, Göbel mirror system, high temp. system HTK 15, pos. sensitive and scintillation detector, grazing incidence attachment, sample changer 40 pos, capillary sample holder. Philips counter X-ray diffractometer. - Diffractogram analysis software with complete ICDD Powder Diffraction File. Expectron XDC 1000 precision Guinier camera. High temperature Guinier - Simon camera (Eurat Nonius Delft, FR 533). KEJ densitometer for Guinier film. Catalysis Reactor for Ziegler-Natta polymerization with continuous gas flow measurements. Reactors for production of dimethyl dichlorosilane and trichlorosilane both with computerized on-line gas chromatographs for continuous analysis. One of the reactors can be pressurized up to 4 bar. 35

36 GUEST LECTURERS Dr. Kevin Dring, Imperial College of London, United Kingdom, January 27, Electrochemical reduction of solid TiO 2 in molten Cacl 2. Professor Dave Embury, McMaster University, Canada, February 2, Ultra-high strength materials. Professor Dave Embury, McMaster University, Canada, February 7, Mechanical properties of modern structural steels. Professor Dave Embury, McMaster University, Canada, February 8, Fracture and formability of 5000-series alloys. Siv.ing. Odd Einar Frosta, Hydro Aluminium, Norway, February 14, Raw materials, production and preferred properties of anodes for the Al-industry. Associate Professor Magne Waskaas, Telemark University College, Norway, February 23, Can changes in the interfacial layer in water pipes increase hydro power production?. Senior Project Engineer Tor Helge Vee, Hydro Aluminium, Norway, March 7, Controlling high performance aluminium reduction cells - today s and tomorrow s solutions. Mr.Sc. Inger Johanne Eikeland, Elkem, Norway, March 22, Produksjon av Si hvor har vi vært og hvor går vi?. Mr.Sc. Lars Nygård, Fesil, Norway, March 22, Prosessindustriens Miljøfond et rasjonelt miljøtiltak for SO 2. Olaf Brastad and Gunnar Grini, Bellona, Norway, March 22, Av industri er du kommet, til industri skal du bli og av industri skal du gjenoppstå. Dr. Bodil Monsen, SINTEF, Norway, March 22, Biokarbon svaret på Kyoto-protokollen. Dr. Gabriella Tranell, SINTEF, Norway, March 22, Norges bidrag til internasjonale miljøstandarder. Dr. Tore Torp, Statoil, Norway, March 22, Lagring av CO 2 i undergrunnen. Competence Manager, Dr. Nancy J. Holt, Hydro Aluminium, Norway, April 4, Hydro Aluminum: production of primary aluminium - to care for the environment. Competence Manager, Dr. ing. Asgeir Bardal, Hydro Aluminium, Norway, April 21, Technology development for primary aluminium production. Chief Engineer Albert Berveling, Hydro Aluminium, Norway, April 25, Challenges facing the primary aluminium industry - Hall-Heroult aluminium reduction - energy consumption. Special Adviser Olav Vikane, STATOIL, September 21, Water chemistry in oil production. Professor Kazushi Mashima, Osaka University, Japan, September 27, Molecular catalyst: A practical tool to make chiral catalysts. Professor Tadeusz Kulik, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, October 16, Study and research at Warsaw University of technology. Professor Tadeusz Kulik, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, October 16, Recycling of metals in Poland. Professor Jan Dutkiewicz, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland, October 16, Study and research at Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, The Polish Academy of Sciences. Professor Jan Dutkiewicz, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland, October 16, Development of a new AlSiMg alloys with scancium addition and (or) on the development of a new nanocrystalline titanium alloys with Nb and Ta additions using powder metallurgy technique. M.Sc. Pawel Widlicki, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, October 16, Warsaw University of Technology from a perspective of Ph.D. students. Dr. inz. Zbigniew Pakiela, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, October 16, Plastic deformation of metals. Professor Blazej Skoczen, Cracow University of Technology, Poland, October 16, Functionally graded materials obtained via the low temperature plastic strain induced phase transformation. Professor Adolf Kisza, University of Wroclaw, Poland, October 17, A new approach to electrochemical methods. The forgotten chronoamperometry. Dr. Jerzy Kazmierczak, University of Wroclaw, Poland, October 17, Electrode kinetics of the magnesium electrode in chloride melts. Research Scientist Karen Sende Osen, SINTEF, October 17, Oxoacidity studies in chloride melts. Dr. inz. Stanislaw Pietrzyk, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland, October 17, Electrochemical testing of inert anodes for aluminium electrowinning. Research Manager Egil Skybakmoen, SINTEF, Norway, October 17, Laboratory test methods for determining the cathode wear mechanism in aluminium cells. Senior Scientist Sverre Rolseth, SINTEF, October 17, Aluminium carbide in hall heroult cells. A permanent layer at the metal-carbon interface? 36

37 Guest lecturers Research Scientist, Dr. Claude Estournès, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), France, October 26, Spark plasma sintering: Potentialities and limitations. Professor, Ph.D. David Harrington, University of Victoria, Canada, October 27, Surface electrochemistry of iodine modified Pt (111). Professor Hans J. Möller, TU Bergakademie, Freiberg, Germany, November 28, Hydrodynamic processes in multi-wire sawing (slurry, viscosity, mechanisms for material reoving, sawing, damage, cracks. Senior Researcher Trond Bergstrøm, SINTEF, Norway, November 28, Projects in sawing at SINTEF. Technology Manager Stian Sannes, RecWafer, Norway, November 28, Wafer sawing in the PV value chain - prospects and challenges. Professor, Dr. Fabrice Mauvy, Bordeaux Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry, University of Bordeaux, France, November 29, New MIEC oxides for SOFC cathode application. Professor, Dr. Victor Zymla, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Materiaux, Ecole Centrale de Paris, France, December 8, French research on carbonaceous materials in the metallurgical industry. Technical Director Jacob Steinmo, Finnfjord Smelteverk, Finnfjord, Norway, December 8, The international marked of carbonaceous materials. Professor Oleg Ostrovski, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, December 14, Reduction of manganese-, titanium- and aluminium-oxides with methane. 37

38 STAFF SCIENTIFIC STAFF Professor, Ph.D. Lars Arnberg Professor emeritus Jon Arne Bakken Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Dagfinn Bratland Professor, Dr.ing. Mari-Ann Einarsrud, leave of absence from November 7, 2006 Professor emeritus, Dr.ing. Thorvald Abel Engh Professor emeritus Arne Wang Espelund Professor, Dr.ing. Trygve Foosnæs Professor, Dr.ing. Tor Grande Professor, Dr.ing. Øystein Grong Professor, Dr.scient. Jarle Hjelen Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Jan Lützow Holm Professor, Dr.ing. Geir Martin Haarberg Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Håvard Karoliussen, to June 30, 2006 Professor, Dr.ing. Leiv Kolbeinsen Associate Professor, Dr.scient. Kjell Ove Kongshaug, to June 30, 2006 Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Hilde Lea Lein, from November 7, 2006 Professor, Dr.philos. Otto Lohne Professor, Dr.ing. Knut Marthinsen Professor emeritus, M.Sc.Eng. Ketil Motzfeldt Professor, Ph.D. Erik Nes Professor, Ph.D. Kemal Nisancioglu Professor emeritus Sverre Olsen Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Terkel Rosenqvist Professor, Dr.techn. Hans Jørgen Roven Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Nils Ryum Associate Professor, Ph.D. Frode Seland, from December 1, 2006 Professor, Dr.philos Jan Ketil Solberg Professor emeritus, Dr.ing. Åsmund Sterten Professor, Dr.techn. Svein Sunde Professor, Dr.ing. Merete Tangstad Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Jomar Thonstad Professor emeritus Reidar Tunold Professor emeritus Johan Kristian Tuset Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Kjell Wiik Professor, Dr.ing. Martin Ystenes Professor, Ph.D. Lifeng Zhang Professor, Dr.techn. Terje Østvold Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Harald Arnljot Øye Adjunct Professor, Ph.D. Olaf Engler Adjunct Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Øyvind Gustavsen, to August 31, 2006 Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Ola Jensrud Adjunct Professor, Dr.techn. Stein Julsrud Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Harald Justnes Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Tor Lindstad, to May 31, 2006 Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Knut Arne Paulsen Adjunct Professor, Dr.techn. Oddvin Reiso Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Christian Rosenkilde Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Morten Sørlie Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Halvard Tveit Adjunct Professor, Ph.D. Volodymyr Yartys TECHNICAL STAFF Senior Engineer Rune Thorsen Barland, from December 18, 2006 Engineer Jan Arve Baatnes Engineer Terje Forsaa, to June 1, 2006 Engineer Fritz Helgemo Senior Engineer Eli Beate Jakobsen Senior Engineer Torild Krogstad Chief Engineer Elin Nilsen Senior Engineer Tor Arild Nilsen Engineer Kjell Røkke Chief Engineer Morten Raanes Senior Engineer Pål Skaret Engineer Odd Steinar Strømsli Engineer May Grete Sætran leave of absence from October 13, 2006 Senior Engineer Pål Ulseth Senior Engineer Torill Anita Hoem Weisethaunet, from October 30, 2006 Engineer Gunn Torill Wikdahl Chief Engineer Yingda Yu Engineer Trine Øyås ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Head of Administration Trond Einar Hagen Executive Officer Martha Bjerknes Office apprentice Hoai Kim Barstad, from November 6, 2006 Executive Officer Elsa Mari Florhaug Executive Officer Unni Keiseraas Higher Executive Officer Brit Wenche Meland Executive Officer Hilde Martinsen Nordø Secretary Åse Lill Salomonsen RESEARCH SCIENTISTS Ph.D. Stephane Dumoulin Dr.ing. Ole Edvard Kongstein, from March 1, 2006 Ph.D. Ana Maria Martinez, to September 30, 2006 Tommy Mokkelbost, from September 1 to October 27, 2006 Saima Sultan Kazi, from January 23 to May 31, 2006 Dr.ing. Gaute Stokkan (50 %) Ph.D. Mikhail Tsypkin GUEST PROFESSORS/RESEARCHERS Professor, Ph.D. Henny J. M. Bouwmeester, from March 6 to April 14, 2006 Professor, Ndabezinhle Dube, from January 4 to March 31, 2006 Professor, David A. Harrington, from August 6 to November 30, 2006 Dr. Tsuyoshi Murakami, to January 31, 2006 Professor, Alexander Zolochevsky, from January 4 to March 31, 2006 Shulan Wang, from January 19 to March 31,

39 Staff POST DOCTORAL FELLOWS Dr.ing. Jesper Friis Dr.ing. Bjørn Holmedal Ph.D. Zhihong Jia Dr.ing. Ole Edvard Kongstein, to February 28, 2006 Dr.ing. Anne Kvithyld Dr.ing. Tore Larsen Dr.ing. Hilde Lea Lein, to November 6, 2006 Ph.D. Yanjun Li Ph.D. Manping Liu Ph.D. Raymond Longbottom Ph.D. Tommy Mokkelbost, from October 28, 2006 Ph.D. Fride Vullum Ph.D. Guozhong Wang Ph.D. Ying Wu, from February 7, 2006 Ph.D. Marisa Di Sabatino Ph.D. Paul Schaffer Ph.D. Frode Seland, to November 30, 2006 Dr.ing. Magnus Skinlo Thomassen, to August 31, 2006 Ph.D. Julian Tolchard Ph.D. Jens Christofer Werenskiold Dr.ing. Kari Aarstad, to January 14, 2006 SCIENTIFIC ASSISTANTS Øystein Andersen, to February 28, 2006 Sjur Dalsbotten, from September 01, 2006 Saima Sultana Kazi, from January 23 to May 31, 2006 Eirin Kvalheim, to February 28, 2006 Håkon Nesbø, from August 15, 2006 Håvard Norum, to August 15, 2006 Anne Marthe Pedesen, from October 14 to November 24, 2006 Segolene Pelisset, from August 1, 2006 Dimitriy Slizovskiy Ruth Astrid Strøm, from November 13, 2006 DEPARTMENT SCHOLARSHIP HOLDERS Ole-Kristian Eide, to July 13, 2006 Morten Karlsen Tommy Mokkelbost, to July 31, 2006 Lars-Erik Owe, from August 14, 2006 Sverre Magnus Selbach Xiangjun Zuo, from October 6, 2006 Cecilie Ødegård EXTERNAL SCHOLARSHIP HOLDERS WITH TEACHING DUTIES Anawati, from December 13, 2006 Stein Trygve Briskeby Paul Inge Dahl, to August 15, 2006 Halvor Dalaker Per Anders Eidem Tomas Erlien Egil Fjeldberg Nils Håvard Giskeødegård Brit Kathrine F. Graver Jana Hajasova Fredrik Haakonsen Morten Sundheim Jensen Lina M. Jonasson Eirin Kvalheim, from March 1, 2006 Magnus Hurlen Larsen Ingrid Anne Lervik Viktor A. K. Myrvågnes Erlend Fjøsne Nordstrand Axel Baumann Ofstad Silje Rodahl Espen Rudberg Birgit Ryningen Per Martin Rørvik Kristin Vasshaug Yufeng Wang, from October 30, 2006 Andreas Westermoen EXTERNAL SCHOLARSHIP HOLDERS Jorun Zahl Albertsen Shahid Akhtar, from October 24, 2006 Hans Bjerkaas, to February 28, 2006 Arjan Ciftja, from fall 2006 Odd Einar Frosta Harald Görner, to March 31, 2006 Raimo Helenius Mohamed Ibrahiem, to October 26, 2006 Jakub Kaczorowski, to October 18, 2006 Martin Keppert, to September 30, 2006 Rannveig Kvande Sten Yngve Larsen Anders Lilleby Francesco Madaro, from June 22, 2006 Johann Mastin, to August 6, 2006 Marian Palcut Jafar Safarian-Dastjerdi Kristian Sandengen, to October 13, 2006 Maneesh C. Srivastava Przemyslaw Szczygiel Michal Tkac Helge Weydahl, to April 30, 2006 Dongju Zhao UNDERGRADUATE ASSISTANTS Spring term 2006 Andersen, Hanne F. Asbjørnsen, Ingvild Bakke, Olaf Bergum, Kristin Brataas, Ingvild Ø. Børgund, Monica Eide, Kjersti Meldal Eiesland, Jon Engesvold, Marion Fagerbekk, Siri A. Fahadi, Jalal Frydenberg, Tone Gleditsch, Morten Hagen, Linda J. Hasanbegovic, Nedim Haugen, Astrid B Haugmo, Ingvild Hognes, Erik Holm, Øyvind Holsæter, Hege Hox, Hanne Høgmoen, Hanne Høva, Endre Magnus Håland, Torfinn Johansen, Tor Jøndahl, Mari Jørgensen, Vegard Karlsen, Rolf Magne Kjos, Ole S. Landsem, Eva 39

40 Staff Larsen, Ernst R. Lerstad, Dag Ola Lied, Ole Kr. Nag, Silje Owe, Lars Erik Ramdal, Ingunn Roll, Sebastian Rød, Erik Råkvåg, Knut Slevolden, Elisabeth Stangeland, Helga W. Strand, Lilian Helen S. Sunde, Tor Olav L. Tennøe, Andreas Tjelta, Morten Voldsund, Mari Westermann, Ida Wilhelmsen, Øyvind Wollan, Camilla S. UNDERGRADUATE ASSISTANTS Fall term 2006 Asbjørnsen, Ingvild Andersen, Hanne F. Astad, Kristian P. Bakke, Olaf Brynjulfsen, Ingvild Eide, Kjersti Meldahl Engesvold, Marion Erlingsen, Espen Fahadi, Jalal Framnes, Rasmus Haugen, Astrid Bjørgetun Haugmo, Ingvild Eide Hognes, Erik Skontorp Holsæter, Hege Chr. Høva Endre M. Jensen, Geir Trygve Johansen, Tor Jørgensen, Vegard Karlsen, Rolf Magne Kjos, Ole Sigmund Kvitvang, Hans Fredrik N. Larsen, Ernst Richard Lied, Ole Kristian Opdahl, Christian Resell, Martin Roll, Sebastian Skjeldestad, Aslak Slevolden, Elisabeth Stangeland, Helga Sunde, Tor Olav Løveng Tennøe, Andras Tjelta, Morten Torvanger, Håvard Skomedal Voldsund, Mari Westermann, Ida Wilhelmsen, Øyvind Wollan, Camilla Skotnes Wåsjø, Johanna Hans Ove Hagen Magnus Hjelen Erik Skontorp Hognes Ole S. Kjos Marte B. Ludvigsen Jarosz Lukasz Ingunn Ramdal Stian Sjølie Pietrzyk Stanislaw Ida Svanberg Silvie Svarcova Thang Van Vo Zhaohui Wang Camilla Wollan Michelle Ystad APPRENTICE Mari Bakken to June, 2006 Yelikaya Ekrem from August, 2006 ADVISORY BOARD Lars Arnberg Per Anders Eidem Mari-Ann Einarsrud Trond Einar Hagen (Secretary) Vigdis Hjertaker Odd Sture Hopperstad Ørjan F. Lohne Kemal Nisancioglu Brit Wenche Meland Aud Nina Wærnes (chair) SUBSTITUTES Kjell Wiik Leiv Kolbeinsen Geir Martin Haarberg DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT Trygve Foosnæs Tor Grande Øystein Grong Trond Einar Hagen Vigdis Hjertaker Geir Martin Haarberg Eli Beate Jakobsen Leiv Kolbeinsen Manus H. Larsen Ørjan F. Lohne Knut Marthinsen Pål Ulseth SUMMER STUDENTS Elisabeth Adlam Maren Bjørnstad Pioir Drzystek Merethe Falstad Heiko Gaertner 40

41 GRADUATE STUDIES Dr.ing./Ph.D. Degrees During 2006, 60 Dr.ing./Ph.D. students have worked at Department of Materials Science and Engineering. 10 students have been awarded the degree Dr.ing./Ph.D.: Dahl, Paul Inge: Major Subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Co-supervisor: Examination committee: Ibrahiem, Mohamed O.: Major Subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Co-supervisor: Examination committee: Johnsen, Kim Andre: Major Subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Co-supervisor: Examination committee: Kaczorowski, Jakub: Major Subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Co-supervisor: Examination committee: Synhesis and characterization of ionic conductors based on ZrO 2, BaZrO 3 and SrCeO 3 and preparation of LaFeO 3 and LaCoO 3 thin films. Doctoral thesis 2006:198, IMT-report 2006:86. September Inorganic chemistry. Single chamber solide oxide fuel cells. Professor, Dr.ing. Mari-Ann Einarsrud. Professor, Dr.ing. Tor Grande. Senior Scientist, Dr. Finn Willy Poulsen, Fuel Cells and Solid State Chemistry Department, Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark. Professor, Ph.D. Peter Hugh Middleton, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Agder University College, Norway. Professor May-Britt Hägg, Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU (chair). Pitch and furan-based TiB 2 -C composite coatings on carbon cathodes. Doctoral thesis 2006:85, IMT-report 2006:85. September Inorganic chemistry. Technologies for primary magnesium production - evaluation of development trends. Professor, Dr.ing. Trygve Foosnæs. Professor emeritus Harald A. Øye. Professor, Dr. John W. Patrick, School of Chemical, Environmental and Mining Engineering, Nottingham, United Kingdom. Chief Engineer, Dr.ing. Ole-Jacob Siljan, Hydro Aluminium AS, Porsgrunn, Norway. Professor, Dr.ing. Martin Ystenes, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU (chair). Sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming in fluidized bed reactors. Doctoral thesis 2006:116, IMT-report 2006:87. October Extractive metallurgy. Reactor concepts in membrane enhanced steam methane reforming. Professor, Dr.ing. Leiv Kolbeinsen. Senior Scientist Dag Øistein Eriksen, Institute for Energy Technology, Kjeller, Norway. Professor emeritus, Douglas Patrick Harrison, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Lousianna State University, Baton Rouge (LA), USA. Project Manager Morten Rønnekleiv, Hydrogen FoU, Statoil Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway. Associate Professor Magnus Rønning, Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU (chair). The boudouard reaction in manganese production. Doctoral thesis 2006:224, IMT-report 2006:88. December Extractive metallurgy. Technical solutions on environmental issues in the FeMn production. Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Tor Lindstad. Research Scientist Martin Syvertsen, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim, Norway. Professor, Dr. Victor Zymla, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Materiaux, Ecole Centrale de Paris, France. Process Engineer, Ph.D. Rodney Ishak, Eramet Norway, Sauda, Norway. Professor, Dr.ing. Merete Tangstad, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU (chair). 41

42 Graduate studies Keppert, Martin: Major Subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Co-supervisor: Examination committee: Mastin, Johann: Major Subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Co-supervisor: Examination committee: Mjøs, Øyvind: Major Subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Examination committee: Mokkelbost, Tommy: Major Subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Co-supervisor: Examination committee: Sandengen, Kristian: Major Subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Electrochemical behaviour of phosphorus species in fluoride melts. Doctoral thesis 2006:245, IMT-report 2006:89. December Electrochemistry. Comparison of electrochemical and conventional methods for handling and treatment of waste from nuclear power plants. Professor, Dr.ing. Geir Martin Haaberg. Senior Scientist Sverre Rolseth, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim, Norway. Professor, Ph.D. Pavel Fellner, Slovak University of Technology, Department of Inorganic Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia. Chief Engineer, Dr.ing. Odd-Arne Lorentsen, Hydro O&E Research Centre, Porsgrunn, Norway. Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Knut Arne Paulsen, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU (chair). Structure, ferroelastic properties and mechanical behaviour of LaCoO 3 -based materials. Doctoral thesis 2006:182, IMT-report 2006:83. October Inorganic chemistry. Texturing of polycrystalline piezoelectric ceramics. Professor, Dr.ing. Mari-Ann Einarsrud. Professor, Dr.ing. Tor Grande. Professor Gunnar Svensson, Structural Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden. Research Scientist, Dr.ing. Anita Fossdal, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry,Trondheim, Norway. Professor Thomas Tybell, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, NTNU (chair). Directional solidification of silicon for solar cells. Doctoral thesis 2006:109. June Physical metallurgy. Production of silicon in a submerged arc furnace. Professor, Ph.D. Lars Arnberg. Professor, Ph.D. Torbjörn Carlberg, Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden. Technology Manager, Ph.D. Rita Glenne, Renewable Energy Corporation ASA, Høvik, Norway. Professor, Dr.philos. Otto Lohne, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU (chair). Synthesis and characterization of CeO 2 - and LaNbO 4 -based ionic conductors. Doctoral thesis 2006:181, IMT-report 2006:84. September Inorganic chemistry. Nanodesign of metallic particles by spray pyrolysis. Professor, Dr.ing. Mari-Ann Einarsrud. Professor, Dr.ing. Tor Grande. Professor, Ph.D. John A. Kilner, Department of Materials, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom. Chief Engineer, Dr.ing. Bent Vigeland, Hydro Oil & Energy, Hydro, Porsgrunn, Norway. Professor, Ph.D. Kemal Nisanciouglu, Department of Materials Scinece and Engineering, NTNU (chair). Prediction of mineral scale formation in wet gas condensate pipelines and in MEG (mono ethylene glycol ) regeneration plants. Doctoral thesis 2006:137, IMT-report 2006:82, IUK-Thesis 118. September Inorganic chemistry. Methods of scale removal the potential usefulness of crown ethers and other complexing agents. Professor, Dr.techn. Terje Østvold. 42

43 Graduate studies Examination committee: Weydahl, Helge: Major Subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Examination committee: Managing Director, Dr. Graham M. Gordon, Scaled Solutions Ltd., Livingston, United Kingdom. Special Adviser Production Technology, Dr.philos. Olav Vikane, STATOIL ASA, Stavanger, Norway. Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Jens-Petter Andreassen, Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU (chair). Dynamic behaviour of fuel cells. Doctoral thesis 2006:94. August Electrochemistry. Unitized regenerative fuel cells. Opportunities and obstacles. Professor, Dr.techn. Svein Sunde. Professor, Dr. Keith Scott, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. Professor, Dr. Göran Lindbergh, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Applied Electrochemistry, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. Associate Professor Hilde Venvik, Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU (chair). The following Dr.ing./Ph.D. projects are in progress: Name Title Thesis advisor Akhtar, Shahid Hydrogen porosity in aluminum castings. Arnberg, Lars Albertsen, Jorun Zahl Bjerkaas, Hans Experimental and theoretical investigations of metal dusting corrosion in plant exposed nickel-based alloys. In-situ deformation of AlMgSi-alloys, experiments, state of the art equipment and theoretical modelling of plastic flow. Grong, Øystein Roven, Hans Jørgen Briskeby, Stein Trygve Electrocatalysts of noble metals supported on carbon nanofibres. Sunde, Svein Ciftja, Arjan Dalaker, Halvor Refining of recycled photo voltaic silicon by filtration and argon gas bubbling Thermodynamics of solar cell silicon in the high temperature area. Zhang, Lifeng Tangstad, Merete Eide, Ole-Kristian IR and NMR spectroscopy of catalyst for olefin polymerization. Ystenes, Martin Eidem, Per Anders Electrical conductivity of coke beds. Tangstad, Merete Erlien, Tomas Laugsand Cold bonding mechanisms in aluminium alloys. Grong, Øystein Fjeldberg, Egil Modelling and simulation of nano- and microstructure in Al-alloys. Marthinsen, Knut Frosta, Odd Einar Modeling of baked anodes. Foosnæs, Trygve Giskeødegård, Nils Håvard Adhesion of organic functional groups on aluminium. Nisancioglu, Kemal Graver, Brit K. F. Modification of properties of aluminium alloys by surface segregation of nanoscale trace element particles. Nisancioglu, Kemal Görner, Harald Development of an AlF 3 active filter for Al. Zhang, Lifeng Hajasova, Jana Electrochemical behaviour of dissolved impurity species of sulphur and phosphorus in molten salts. Haarberg, Geir Martin Helenius, Raimo High pressure die casting of light metals. Lohne, Otto Haakonsen, Fredrik Optimazing of strømhard austenitic manganese steel. Solberg, Jan Ketil Jensen, Morten Sundheim Jonasson, Lina Margareta Chemical degradation, wetting and electrochemical properties of polycrystalline TiB 2 inert cathodes. Cathode structure and cathode wear in aluminium electrolysis cells. Grande, Tor Foosnæs, Trygve Karlsen, Morten Thermo-mechanical in-situ investigations using the EBSD. Hjelen, Jarle 43

44 Graduate studies Kvalheim, Eirin Oxygen evolving anodes for electrowinning from molten salts. Haarberg, Geir Martin Kvande, Rannveig Casting of silicon for use in solar cells. Arnberg, Lars Larsen, Magnus Hurlen Effect of composition and thermomechanical processing on the intergranular corrosion of AA6000 aluminium alloys. Nisancioglu, Kemal Larsen, Sten Yngve Novel carbon materials in electrometallurgical applications. Foosnæs, Trygve Lervik, Ingrid Anne Electrocatalyst for PEM water electrolysis. Sunde, Svein Lilleby, Anders Sunde Madaro, Francesco Myrvågnes, Viktor Alfred Nordstrand, Erlend Fjøsne Ofstad, Axel Baumann Owe, Lars-Erik Mathematical modelling of material flow during extrusion and joining of aluminium based on the HYMEN bonding method. Synthesis of textured piezo- and ferroelectric materials by chemical and ceramic techniques. Structure and behaviour of fossil reduction materials in the siliconand ferrosilicon process. Effects of non-metallic inclusions on the transformation behaviour of steel. Increasing the lifetime of PEM fuel cells - a fundamental study of degradation mechanisms. Oxide electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction during water electrolysis. Grong, Øystein Grande, Tor Lindstad, Tor Grong, Øystein Sunde, Svein Sunde, Svein Palcut, Marian Cation diffusion in ABO 3 perovskite oxides. Grande, Tor Paulsen, Ove Bjørn Sealing of high temperature membrane reactors. Grande, Tor Rodahl, Silje Chromate-free pre-treatment of aluminium for organic coating. Nisancioglu, Kemal Rudberg, Espen Andre Oxygen and hydrogen exchange on functional oxide membranes. Nisancioglu, Kemal Ryningen, Birgit Characterisation of solar cell silicon. Lohne, Otto Rørvik, Per Martin Ceramic nanoparticles and nanostructures by chemical methods. Einarsrud, Mari-Ann Rørvik, Stein Migration effects in prebaked anodes. Foosnæs, Trygve Safarian-Dastjerdi, Jafar Kinetics and mechanisms of reduction of MnO containing silicate slags by selected forms of carbonaceous materials (slag-carbon reactivity). Kolbeinsen, Leiv Sandnes, Espen The anode process on carbon in chloride melts. Haarberg, Geir Martin Selbach, Sverre Magnus Size and strain effects in ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials. Grande, Tor Sorin, Isac Metal powder project metal printing process. Arnberg, Lars Srivastava, Maneesh High pressure die casting of aluminium and magnesium alloys. Lohne, Otto Szczygiel, Przemyslaw Tkac, Michal ECAP recycled Al alloys experimental characterization of properties and microstructure. Porosity development in composite carbon materials during heat treatment. Roven, Hans Jørgen Foosnæs, Trygve Vasshaug, Kristin Electrochemical wear of carbon materials in fluoride melts. Haarberg, Geir Martin Westermoen, Andreas Modelling of dynamic arc behaviour in a plasma reactor. Tangstad, Merete Zhao, Dongju Processing, properties and performance in use of direct reduced iron pellets containing added material to control steel structure. Kolbeinsen, Leiv Ødegård, Cecilie Conversion of silicon tetrachloride to trichlorosilane. Foosnæs, Trygve Åkre, Torjus Depolarised anodes for electrowinning of cobalt from chloride solutions. Haarberg, Geir Martin 44

45 Graduate studies The following Dr.ing. projects are co-supervised in other departments Name Title Thesis advisor Arvaniti, Eleni Soil stabilization and waterproofing of concrete constructions. Payatakes, Alkiviades (University of Patras, Department of Chemical Engineering, Patras, Greece) Østvold, Terje Canelopoulo, Maria CaCO 3 scale formation in 2D model pore networks. Payatakes, Alkiviades (University of Patras, Department of Chemical Engineering, Patras, Greece) Østvold, Terje Chmelar, Juraj Fjeldbo, Snorre Kjørstad Psarrou, Maria Sæterli, Ragnhild Kjæstad Søndenå, Rune Size reduction and specification of granular petrol coke with respect to chemical and physical properties. Experimental studies and simulation of structure evolution and formability along complex loading paths Protecting soil from water erosion through precipitation of calcium phosphate. Electronic structure of thermoelectric materials - TEM studies at the nanoscale. Dynamic structure energetics and phase stability of 1D, 2D and 3D network-forming compounds and melts. Sandvik, Knut Lyng (NTNU, Department of Geology and Mineral Resources) Foosnæs, Trygve Støre, Sigurd (NTNU, Department of Engineering Design and Materials) Roven, Hans Jørgen Payatakes, Alkiviades (University of Patras, Department of Chemical Engineering, Patras, Greece) Østvold, Terje Holmestad, Randi (NTNU, Department of Physics) Marthinsen, Knut Stølen, Svein (University of Oslo, Department of Chemistry) Grande, Tor 45

46 COURSE PROGRAM Descriptions of the courses offered at the Department are included in the University Course Catalogue that can be obtained from Student and Academic Section, NTNU. The present survey lists the courses given by our scientific staff. Course Semester: Title Lectures and exercise Passed/ no. Spring=S Credits in parenthesis coordinators Started Autumn=A TMT4105 S Gen. Chem., (7.5) M. Ystenes 5/20 TMT4106 S Gen. Chem., (7.5) M. Ystenes 198/262 TMT4110 S Gen. Cemi. (7.5) D. Bratland 103/122 TMT4120 S Gen. Chem., 2 (7.5) T. Foosnæs 59/61 TMT4130 S Inorg. Chem., (7.5) T. Grande, M-A. Einarsrud 61/72 TMT4140 S Appl. Thermodyn., (7.5) T. Østvold, T. Haug-Warberg 36/60 TMT4150 S Refractories, (7.5) K. Wiik 13/13 TMT4160 S Hightemp. Chem., (7.5) K. Wiik 16/16 TMT4175 S Materials Technology 2 (7.5) Ø. Grong, K. Marthinsen, O. Lohne 29/29 TMT4206 S Fluid and Heat Transfer, Intr. Course T. Lindstad, R. Kristoffersen, H. F. Svendsen 16/23 TMT4210 S Material and Process Modelling (7.5) K. Marthinsen 22/22 TMT4215 S Casting (7.5) L. Arnberg 2/3 TMT4225 S Mech.Prop. of Eng. Mat. 2 (7.5) E. Nes 10/10 TMT4235 S Refin. and Recycl. of Met. (7.5) L. Zhang 12/12 TMT4240 S Microstruc. and Prop. of Mat. (7.5) J. K. Solberg 16/17 TMT4245 S Functional Materials (7.5) K.O. Kongshaug 14/15 TMT4250 S Elect.chem.., basis cour. (7.5) G. M. Haarberg 29/31 TMT4260 S Phase Trans. in Metals (7.5) K. Marthinsen 6/7 TMT4265 S Mater.Techn.-Form. Light Met. (7.5) H. J. Roven, O. Jensrud, O. Reiso 11/11 TMT4270 S Refin. and Recycl. of Met., Adv. (7.5) L. Zhang 3/3 TMT4285 S Hydrogen Techn., Fuel/Solar Cells (7.5) S. Sunde 45/47 TMT4290 S Mater. and Surf. Chem. (7.5) H. Karoliussen 37/38 TMT4310 S Electrocat. and Ener. Techn. (7.5) Magnus. S Thomassen 13/16 TMT4315 S Electrochem. Eng., (7.5) K. Nisancioglu 11/12 TMT4851 S Experts in team, (7.5) T. Foosnæs 23/23 TMT4100 A Gen. Chem., (7.5) M. Ystenes 341/387 TMT4115 A Gen. Chem., 1 7.5) T. Foosnæs 82/91 TMT4145 A Ceramic Engin. (7.5) M-A. Einarsrud 17/18 TMT4155 A Heterog. Equilib. 7.5) T. Grande 42/50 TMT4170 A Mater. Techn. 1 (7.5 ) H. J. Roven, M.Tangstad 29/29 TMT4185 A Mater. Techn. (7.5) J. Hjelen, L.Arnberg 39/43 TMT4190 A Applied Materials Technology (7.5) O. Lohne, K. H. Holthe 22/23 TMT4220 A Mech.Prop. of Eng. Mat. 1 (7.5) E. Nes, N. P. Vedvik 13/20 TMT4255 A Corr. and Corr.Protec. (7.5) B.K. Graver, R. Johnsen 20/25 TMT4280 A Extractive metallurgy (7.5) L. Kolbeinsen 3/3 TMT4292 A Mater. and Surface Chem. (7.5) S. Sunde, K. Wiik 21/25 TMT4295 A Electro. Proc. (7.5) G. M. Haarberg 25/28 TMT4300 A Light and Electr. Micro. (7.5) J. K. Solberg, J. Hjelen 25/26 TMT4305 A Electrometallurgy (7.5) M. Tangstad, H. Tveit 4/4 TMT4320 A Nanomaterials (7.5) A. Fossdal, K.Kleveland, F. Vullum 5/5 TMT4325 A Refin. and Recycl. of Met. (7.5) L. Zhang 12/12 TMT4725 A Materials Techn., special. (22.5) K.Wiik, T. Foosnæs, H.J. Roven, S. Sunde, R. Johnsen 36/36 TMT5730 A Proc. Metal. and Elect., Spec. (22.5) T. Østvold, T. Foosnæs 9/9 MT8100 A-05/S-06 Transport Phenomena (12.0) K. Nisancioglu 8/8 MT8200 S Advanced Chemical Metallurgy (7.5) L.Kolbeinsen 1/1 MT8206 S Iron and Steel Metallurgy (7.5) Ø. Grong 3/3 MT8207 S Electron Microscopy (7.5) J. K. Solberg 6/6 MT8209 S Failure Analysis of Metals (7.5) J. K. Solberg 2/2 MT8214 S Advanced Silicon Solar Cells (7.5) O. Lohne, T. Worren 4/4 MT8216 S Recrystallization and Texture (7.5) E. Nes 3/3 MT8305 S Cement Semestry (7.5) H. Justnes 1/1 MT8306 S Advanced Ceramics Processing (7.5) M.-A. Einarsrud 1/1 MT8308 S Advanced Solid State Chemistry S. Julsrud 6/6 MT8205 A Metallurgical Modelling of Welding (7.5) Ø. Grong 1/1 MT8210 A Advanced Solidification Metallurgy (7.5) L. Arnberg 4/4 MT8213 A Modelling and Simulation of Materials (7.5) K. Marthinsen 1/1 MT8217 A Kinetics of Metallurgical Reactions (7.5) L. Kolbeinsen 2/2 MT8307 A Thermodynamics of Materials (7.5) T. Grande 5/5 46

47 M.Sc. STUDENTS Master of Science in Materials Technology (5 years) 3rd year Alknes, Patrick Brynjulfsen, Ingvild Egholm, Andreas Hals, Terje Helsem, Morten Ro Jahren, Katja Ekroll Kamlow, Fenar Kløgetvedt, Kristoffer Lohne, Ørjan Fossmark Moen, Christoffer Vikne Nilsen, Rune Nordby, Trygve Ottemo Odd, Thomas Ringstad, Richard Hagvåg Rosario, Boots Christoffer Demez Rønning, Yngve Schrøder, Erling Gjestvang Sivaneesan, Vaseeharan Snilsberg, Knut Erik Sørensen, Marte Aadland 4th year Andersen, Elin Christine Brinchmann, Kristoffer Cao, Thien Thanh Nguyen Engebretsen, Torbjørn Hagen, Hans Ove Tinnan Helland, Tore Johansen, Tor Nordnes, Elise Tverberg Rønningen, Dag Slevolden, Elisabeth Stangeland, Helga Wiig Strømstad, Stian Syvertsen, Guttorm Ernst Søfferud, Mario Kokolakis Vingsand, Håvard 5th year Binai-Faal, Navid Festervoll, Knut Grøtte, Andreas Hermstad, Ole Andrers Hilden, Erik Haaland, Bjørnar Øvrum Karlsen, Rolf Magne Kjøsnes, Rune Christian Krog, Kaja Lerstad, Dag Ola Lillevik, Håkon Nguyen, Hue Thai Nygård, Ane Nygård, Ida Opdahl, Christian Rotan, Magnus Sandbu, Paal Henrik Seim, Stian Sjølie, Stian Skjevrak, Sveinung Sørgjerd, Arve Julian Van Vo, Thang Westermann, Ida Wiig, Kenneh Wåsjø, Johanna Østrem, Øyvind Graduated Master of Technology students - spring semester Boberg, Linn Frydenberg, Tone Hals, Stine Jahren, Hans Martin Ljones, Nina Løken, Sondre Mikalsen, Christian Owe, Lars-Erik Pedersen, Anne Marthe Rannestad, Øyvind Gustav Rese, Henrik Reinskou, Beate Wangensteen, Torgeir Yttervik, Stian Hatling Aaserud, Siw-Christin Master of Science in Chemistry and Biotechnology, Specialization in Materials Chemistry and Energy Technology 3rd year Andersen, Hanne Flåten Bakken, Astrid Berg, Marianne Elisabeth Bergum, Kristin Eikevik, Tine Ervik, Torunn Kringlen Foss, Carl Eik Lie Haga, Silje Aamot Haugen, Astri Bjørnetun Ramstad, Caroline Sletnes, Malin Sunde, Tor Olav Løveng Tandberg, Paul Bragelien Tjelta, Morten Voldsund, Mari Øygarden, Vegar 4th year Bjørnstad, Maren Brandtzæg, Aleksander R. M. Dahlstrøm, Per Kristian Falstad, Merethe Fredriksen, Asle Halvorsen, Magnus Torleif Rune Printzell Holme, Caroline Nærland, Kristine Uberg Onsrud, Morten Andreas Pedersen, Øystein Edland Ramdal, Ingunn Skjeldestad, Aslak Svanberg, Ida 47

48 M.Sc. Students Wollan, Camilla Skotnes Ystad, Michelle Cecilia Østby, Heidi Therese 5th year Asbjørnsen, Ingvild Bjørnsdotter, Marte Dahl, Ole Andreas Hope, Vigdis Hjertaker Hognes, Erik Skontorp Iglebekk, Eivind Kjos, Sigmund Mo, Torun Stub Slåtten, Sølvi Stabell, Tone Hansen Syre, Marie Vardenær Tennøe, Andreas Øyen, Anne Master of Technology in Materials Technology (2 years) (Master Programme in Materials Technology for Engineers) Nordtømme, Siv Malm Graduated Master of Technology students - spring semester Helgetun, Brynjar Hoff Karlsen, Linda Nijs, Oscar Cornelis Johanna Solem, Ola Master of Science Program in Light Metals Production 1st year Agyei-Tuffour, Benjamin (Ghana) Aregawi, Wondowsen Abebe (Ethiopia) Fladerer, Jens (Germany) Senanu, Samuel (Ghana) Tan, Chunming (China) Twum, Eric Barimah (Ghana) Yanney, Michael (Ghana) Foreign guest students at Department of Material Scince and Engineering Bachmaier, Andrea (Austria) Casimiro Ramòn, Maria (Spain) Choo, Jun Quan (Singapore) Dallera, Andrea (Italy) Drzystek, Piotr (Poland) Dupont, Tiphaine (France) Eidenberger, Norbert (Austria) Garcia Coque, Alejandro (Spain) Guiton, Mèlaine (France) Hederström, Ida (Sweden) Heinze, Christoph (Germany) Hornscheidt, Julia (Germany) Höpfner, Veronika (Germany) Ival, Emmanuel Jean Michel (France) Jamarillo Gajardo, Carla Jocelyn (Chile) Jeskanen, Ilkka (Finland) Keyzer, Steven (Belgium) Lecarme, Liza (Fance) Lee, Hwa Su (South Corea) Lee, Myoung-Jae (South Corea) Leroy, Delphine (France) Lin, Yi (China) Mauget, Florent (France) Michud, Claire (France) Nessmann, Martin (Austria) Nitsche, Fabian (Germany) Pelisset, Segolene (France) Porte, Jessica (France) Regnier, Baptiste (France) Reinhold, Anne (Germany) Rueda Verano, Maria Jesus (Spain) Slizovskiy, Dmitriy (Russia) Sørensen, Kari Bjerke (Danmark) Tokoro, Maiko (Japan) Tonolli, Andrea (Italy) Tschöpe, Kati (Germany) Vaganov, Danil Valerevich (Russia) 2nd year Gelaw, Tilahun Kidanemariam (Ethiopia) Bensah, Yaw Delali (Ghana) Damoah, Lucas Nana Wiredu (Ghana) Adegboyega, Nathaniel Femi (Ghana) Balaba, Ronald Sempagama (Uganda) Gaertner, Heiko (Germany) Einarsson, Sigurdur Agust (Iceland) Wang, Zhaohui (China) 48

49 GRADUATED M.Sc. STUDENTS WITH TITLES OF THEIR DIPLOMA WORKS PHYSICAL METALLRUGY Name and title Supervisor Examiner Hals, Stine Effect of vacuum in mechanical properties Professor Otto Lohne. Dr.ing Haavard Gjestland, and microstructures of HPDC Al-Si alloys. Norsk Hydro, Porsgrunn. Helgetun, Brynjar Hoff Welding methods and properties for cracker Professor Einar Halmøy. Examined at the Department of tubing of ODS materials. Engineering Design and Materials. Karlsen, Linda Heat treatment, characterization and SSRT Professor Jan Ketil Solberg. Siv.ing. Bjørn Borchgrevink, Oslo. testing of supermartensitic weldments. Løken, Sondre Hydrogen storage in an Mg-Mm-Ni alloy. Professor Jan Ketil Solberg. Dr.ing. Børre Tore Børresen, Statoil, Trondheim. Mikalsen, Christian Formalability of ultra fine grained aluminium alloys. Professor Hans Jørgen Roven. Dr.ing. Trond Furu, Norsk Hydro, Sunndalsøra. Nijs, Oscar Cornelis Johanna Work hardening of solid solution and grain- Professor Erik Aasmund Nes. Dr.ing. Trond Furu, Norsk Hydro, boundary strengthened Al-alloys. Sunndalsøra. Reinskou, Beate Characterization of silicon solar cells. Professor Otto Lohne. Dr.ing. Ketill O. Pedersen, SINTEF, Trondheim. Rese, Henrik The seawater system on the Draugen platform Professor Roy Johnsen. Dr.ing. Sarbjyot Haarberg, - how to secure technical integrity until year SINTEF, Trondheim. Solem, Ola Welding methods and properties for cracker Professor Einar Halmøy. Examined at the Department of tubing of ODS materials. Engineering Design and Materials. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Name and title Supervisor Examiner Yttervik, Stian Hatling Hot pressing of TiB 2 -ceramics. Professor Tor Grande. Dr.ing. Eirik Hagen, Norsk Hydro, Porsgrunn. Aaserud, Siw-Christin Syntheses of monodisperse nanocrystals. Professor Mari-Ann Einarsrud. Dr.ing. Anita Fossdal, SINTEF, Trondheim. ELECTROCHEMISTRY Name and title Supervisor Examiner Boberg, Linn Hydrogen permeation in steel. Professor Kemal Nisancioglu. Dr.ing. Astrid Bjørgum, SINTEF, Trondheim. Frydenberg, Tone Degradation of organic coatings on steel construc- Professor Kemal Nisancioglu. Siv.ing. Olav Gautefall, Trondheim. tions exposed in marine atmosphere chemically active pigments and mechanisms. 49

50 GRADUATED M.Sc. STUDENTS WITH TITLES OF THEIR DIPLOMA WORKS Iglebekk, Eivind The influence of manganese on electrowinning Professor Geir Martin Haarberg. To be examined in of nickel from chloridesolutions. Jahren, Hans Martin Inert anodes for oxygen evolution during metal Professor Geir Martin Haarberg. Professor Douglas Inman, deposition by the FFC Cambridge process. Imperial College London, United Kingdom. Ljones, Nina Grainy appearance on anodised profiles. Professor Kemal Nisancioglu. Dr.ing. Håkon Leth-Olsen, Norsk Hydro, Porsgrun Owe, Lars-Erik Oxide electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution Professor Svein Sunde. Dr.ing. Egil Rasten, Norsk Hydros reaction in water electrolysis. Forskningssenter, Porsgrunn. Pedersen, Anne Marthe Hydrogen exchange and diffusion in stainless steel Professor Kemal Nisancioglu. Dr. ing. Otto Lunder, under cathodic protection. SINTEF, Trondheim. Rannestad, Øyvind Gustav Hydrogen evolution, calcareous scale deposition Professor Kemal Nisancioglu. Dr.ing. Hjalmar Sigurdsson, and current requirement during cathodic protection Norges forskningsråd, Oslo. of steel in seawater. Slåtten, Sølvi CO 2 korrosjon av karbonstål ved lav temperatur. Professor Kemal Nisancioglu. To be examined in MASTER OF SCIENCE PROGRAMME IN LIGHT METALS PRODUCTION Name and title Supervisor Examiner Adjaye-Mensah, Edward Solubility of alumina in fluoride melts for brazing of aluminium. Professor Geir Martin Haarberg. Dr.ing. Sverre Rolseth, SINTEF, Trondheim. Akhtar, Shahid Effect of nano dispersant additions to lab scale Professor Trygve Foosnæs. Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik, electrodes for aluminium electrolysis. SINTEF, Trondheim. Boateng, Abraham The role of barium sulphate as anti-wetting agent Associate professor Kjell Wiik. Dr.ing. Bjarte Øye, in aluminasilicate refractory castables. SINTEF, Trondheim. Hussain, Tajammul TiB 2 inert cathodes for aluminium electrolysis. Professor Tor Grande. Dr.ing. Eirik Hagen, Norsk Hydro, Porsgrunn Tettey, Anita Naa Nyerley A new method to characterise the strength of petrol Professor Trygve Foosnæs. Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik, coke grains. SINTEF, Trondheim. GRADUATED M.Sc. STUDENTS WITH TITLES OF THEIR DIPLOMA WORKS 50

51 EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, Honours, Participation in Courses, Conferences, Lectures and Study Visits Lars Arnberg Lars Arnberg is an Affiliate Professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA. He is representing NTNU on the Board of SINTEF Materials and Chemistry and is the leader of the Strategic university program Light Metals Technology. Institut für Maschinenbau, TU Bergakademie, Freiberg, Germany, January 8 - April 8, Visiting Professor. Meeting on EU proposal NADIA, Padova, Italy, January 11-12, Meeting on EU-project METRO, Bilbao, Spain, January 19-20, AC-Tech, Freiberg, Germany, March 15, Study visit. Georg Fischer Foundry, Leipzig, Germany, March 16, Study visit. Deutsche Solar, Freiberg, Germany, March 17, Study visit. University of Clausthal, Germany, March 20-21, Lecture on: Imaging of alloy solidification by synchrotron X- radiation. Meeting on ESA project MONOPHAS, Braunschweig, Germany, April 3-4, SINTEF award for outstanding research, shared with Dr. Ragnvald Mathiesen (SINTEF), April 19, EU-project NADIA, Vicenza, Italy, May 10-11, Kick-off Meeting. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA, May 18-26, Visit. Meeting EU-project METRO, Jönköping, Sweden, June 29-30, th International Summer School of Aluminium Alloy Technology; Casting and Solidification of Aluminium and Magnesium Alloys, Trondheim, Norway, August 21-25, st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Dresden, Germany, September 4-8, rd International Conference on High Tech Die Casting, Vicenza, Italy, September 21-22, McMaster s University, Canada, October 6, Lecture on: Dendrite fragmentation in aluminium alloys. NorLight Conference, Oslo, Norway, October 17-18, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France, November 1-3, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, December 15, Opponent at doctoral dissertation. Jon Arne Bakken Jon Arne Bakken cooperates with the University of Iceland on Industrial Electric Arcs. He is also a Board Member of Elkems Forskningsfond. He is a collaborator on three SINTEF projects: PPM, Conductivity of Coke and FoXy. Elkem Icelandic Alloys, Iceland, October 30-31, Lecturing external course: Kretsanalyse for elektriske smelteovner. Elkem Seminar, Trondheim, Norway, November 28, Lecturing external course: Elektro-lysbuer. Ph.D.-Seminar, Crete, Greece, June 8-15, Norwegian Metallurgical Society Summer Meeting, Oslo, Norway, May 4-5, Compendium Electric melting furnaces circuit analyses written for CVRD, Brazil. Stein Trygve Briskeby 3rd National FUNMAT Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 5-6, Lecture on: Carbon nanofibre supported Pt catalysts for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Nordic Hydrogen Seminar 2006, Oslo, Norway, February 6-8, Lecture on: Nanostructured electrocatalysts for PBI fuel cell. 12th Nordic Symposium on Catalysis, Trondheim, Norway, May 28-30, Lecture on: Development of nanostructured Pt-based electrocatalyst for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry, Edinburgh, Scotland, August 27 - September 1, Poster on: PBI fuel cell catalysts prepared by colloidal routes. 5th International Conference on Electrocatalysis (ECS 06), Montenegro, September 10-14, Poster on: Synthesis and characterization of CNF supported catalysts for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Marisa Di Sabatino Dr. Di Sabatino started her Post Doctoral at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering in January FoXy Kick-off Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 26-27, M FoXy Meeting at ECN, Petten, The Netherlands, June 21-22, ECN, Petten, The Netherlands, June 19-21, Study visit. 8th International Summer School of Aluminium Alloy Technology; Casting and Solidification of Aluminium and Magnesium Alloys, Trondheim, Norway, August 21-25, st European Photovoltatic Solar Energy Conference, 51

52 Extracurricular Activities Dresden, Germany, September 4-8, Opening Seminar, Gemini Centre, PV Solar Cell Materials, Trondheim, Norway, September 11, rd International Conference on High Tech Die Casting, Vicenza, Italy, September 21-22, Seminar, UNIMIB, Milan, Italy, October 10-12, NorLight Conference, Oslo, Norway, October 17-18, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France, November 1-7, SILOBO Meeting, Elkem Solar, Kristiansand, Norway, November 21, Research Award, Aldo Daccò Award from the Italian Association of Metallurgy (AIM), Italy, November 22, M FoXy Meeting, UNIMIB, Milan, Italy, December 13-15, Arne Espelund Trøndelag folkemuseum, Trondheim, Norway, October 2, Lecture on: Iron from the outfields during 2000 years. 10th Nordic Bronze Age Symposium, Trondheim, Norway, October 5-8, Lecture on: Parallell features for the extraction of copper and iron?. The Country and the Iron, Örebro, Sweden, November 11, Cooperation with the County of Oppland on experimental ironmaking, Lillehammer, Norway. Ancient Metallurgical Experiments, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, September , Lecture on: Bloomery ironmaking as seen from Norway. Gauldal secondary school, Norway, all year. Project work with teachers and students in chemistry. Trygve Foosnæs Hydro Aluminium, Sunndalsøra, Norway, February 22, Excursion with participants in Experts in Team. 135th TMS Annual Meeting, San Antonio, USA, March 12-16, Chairman anode baking session. Miljøarbeid og Prosessindustri, Hund og katt eller som Hånd i hanske, Trondheim, Norway, March 22, Lecture on: Aluminium primærproduksjon og miljø. In-situ Analytics ApS, Hørsholm, Denmark, May 3-6, Project work. Hydro Aluminium, Årdal, Norway, July 4-6, Invited presentation of EiT project: New aluminium plant at Byneset in Trondheim. IMPEC AS, Årdal, Norway, July 5, Project meeting and research discussions. In-situ Analytics ApS, Hørsholm, Denmark, August 7-10, Project work and research discussions. Invited presentation of EiT project: New aluminium plant at Byneset in Trondheim. Researchers Night, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, September 22, Co-organizer and demonstration lecture. Opening Seminar, Chemistry Building II, Trondheim, Norway, October 13, IMPEC AS, Trondheim, Norway, October 23, Strategy and business planning. Orklamessa, Meldal Community College, Løkken Verk, Norway, October 24, Three demonstration lectures. Hydro Aluminium, BIP HCD, Sundvolden Hotell, Hole, Norway, November 21-22, Lecture on: Primary aluminium at NTNU and SINTEF Research Council of Norway, Oslo, Norway, November 23, Lecture on: Researchers Night og Forskningstorget i Trondheim Tor Grande Tor Grande is the head of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering and he is a board member of NTNU Nanolab. He is currently NTNUs representative in the steering committee in the research consortium FUNMAT between NTNU, UiO, SINTEF and IFE. FUNMAT scientific advisory committee and steering committee meetings, Oslo and Trondheim, Norway, January 4, February 16, March 13, May 8 and November 27-28, Board Meeting,NTNU Nanolab, Trondheim, Norway, March 31, October 19, rd National FUNMAT Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 5-6, Lecture on: Mechanical properties of perovskite materials. Leader Seminar NTNU, Røros Norway, January 22-24, Hydro Research Center, Porsgrunn, Norway, March 7, Visit. Seminar NTNU Nanolab, Jægtvolden Fjordhotell, Inderøy, Norway, March 9-10, th Topical THIOX Meeting, Jægtvolden Fjordhotell, Inderøy, Norway, March 20-21, Milan, Italy, April 3-11, Student excursion with master students from Chemistry and Biotechnology. DIFFRAC plus and TOPAS course, Villamartin, Spain, April 22-29, ephorte course, Trondheim, Norway, May 3, NANOMAT Seminar on Nanoteknologi - nye muligheter for norsk industri, Oslo, Norway, June 8, Lecture on: Nanopartikler - muligheter innen nanoteknologi. Seminar on Nasjonal strategi for nanovitenskap og nanoteknologi, Oslo, Norway, June 9, Hydro Aluminium, Sunndalsøra, Norway, September 1,

53 Extracurricular Activities Seminar on the Strategic Area MATERIALS at NTNU, Stjørdal, Norway, June 13-14, Department Seminar, Brekstad, Norway, June 15-16, Lecture on: Instituttlederen har ordet. 9th International Conference on Inorganic Membranes, Lillehammer, Norway, June 25-29, Lecture on: Mechanical stability of oxygen permeable membranes. Opening Seminar, NTNU Nanomekanisk laboratorium, Trondheim, Norway, August 29, nd KIFEE Symposium, Trondheim, Norway, 7-8 September, Lecture on: Oxide materials for solid oxide fuel cells and gas separation membranes. Opening Seminar, Gemini Centre, PV Solar Cell Materials, Trondheim, Norway, September 11, Workshop, Functional Oxide for Energy Technology, Trondheim, Norway, October 2, Opening Seminar, Chemistry Building II, Trondheim, Norway, October 13, Lecture on: Nyetableringen. Seminar on Nyskaping og utvikling av Midt-Norge, Trondheim, Norway, November 21, Øystein Grong Associated Member of the newly established SFI Centre at NTNU Structural Impact Laboratory. 8th International Conference on Numerical Analysis of Weldability, Graz, Austria, September 25-27, Invited Key Note Paper: A multiscale modelling approach to the optimisation of welding conditions and heat treatment schedules for age hardening aluminium alloys. Harald Görner TMS Light Metals Conference, San Antonio, USA, March 12-16, Lecture on: Kinetics of an AlF aluminium filter. Norwegian Metallurgical Society Summer Meeting, Oslo, Norway, May 4-5, Lecture on: Kinetics of an AlF 3 aluminium filter. NorLight Conference, Oslo, Norway, October 18, Lecture on: Development of an AlF 3 active filter for aluminium melts - summary. Jana Hajasova Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan, March 31 - June 29, Study visit. 2nd KIFEE Symposium, Trondheim, Norway, September 6-8, Lecture on: Materials and processes for environment and energy. POLEN 2006 Seminar, Trondheim, Norway, October 17, Lecture on: Electrochemical behaviour of sulphur containing species in molten salts. 210th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Cancun, Mexico, October 29 - November 3, Poster on: Electrochemical behaviour of sulphur species in molten chlorides. Jarle Hjelen Seminar, University of Stavanger, Norway, May 3, Lecture on: Elektronmikrodiffraksjon i SEM (EBSD)- muligheter og anvendelser. IMC16 Sapporo, Japan, September 3-8, Lecture on: SEM in-situ thermo-mechanical deformation studies using EBSD. Poster presentation: In-situ SEM/EBSD investigations of grain rotations in an Al-Mg-Si alloy during deformation. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Trondheim, Norway. Administrated the purchase of a low vacuum field emission scanning electron microscope (LVFESEM). The equipment was installed in May. Bjørn Holmedal McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, February/March/ April, Grant: Leiv Eiriksson mobility program Norway- USA/Canada. Geir Martin Haarberg Bo Håkansson Symposium, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, January 31, Lecture on: Saltsmelteelektrolytter. CORUS, ULCOS Meeting, Ijmuiden, The Netherlands, February 21, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, March, Master student supervision and study visit, one week. 2nd Solar Silicon Conference, Munich, Germany, April 3, Lecture on: Solar grade silicon through electrolysis. ULCOS Meeting, Paris, France, May 11, 2006 DEANEW Meeting, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, May 15, Kyoto and Tokyo, Japan, June July, Workshop and study visit, one week. Molten Salts Discussion Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom, July 10-11, Lecture on: Solar grade silicon by electrorefining in molten salts. University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, July, Master student supervision and study visit, two weeks. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry, Edinburgh, Scotland, August 27 - September 1, Lecture on: Electrodeposition of iron from molten salts. University of Newcastle, United Kingdom, September 2-3, Study visit. 2nd KIFEE Symposium, Trondheim, Norway, September 6-8, Organizing and presentations. EUCHEM Conference on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids, Hammamet, Tunisia, September 17-22, Lecture on: Production of iron by electrolysis in molten salts. KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, November 27-28, DEANEW and opponent at doctor s defence. 210th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Cancun, Mexico, October 29 - November 3, Lecture on: Electrodeposition of iron from molten mixed chloride/fluoride electrolytes. 53

54 Extracurricular Activities Northeastern University, Shenyang, China, November, Study visit and two presentations. 16th Iketani Conference, Masuko Symposium, Tokyo, Japan, November 13-15, Lecture on: Sustainable electrolysis for electrowinning of iron and electrorefining of silicon. ECHEM, Wiener Neustadt, Austria, December 4, Study visit and presentation. Molten Salts Discussion Group, London, United Kingdom, December 18, Lecture on: Electrochemistry in pure molten lead chloride. Ole Edvard Kongstein 5th International Conference on Electrocatalysis (ECS 06), Montenegro, September 10-14, Poster on: Synthesis and characterization of CNF supported catalysts for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Rannveig Kvande Vesuvius, Feignies, France, March 20-21, Study visit. Lecture on: Effect of crucible purity on multicrystalline silicon quality. Hands-on Workshop on Silicon Solar Cells, IFE, Kjeller, Norway, April 3-7, st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Dresden, Germany, September 4-8, Poster session: Effect of crucible purity and interface characteristics on multicrystalline silicon ingot quality. Project Meeting, IFE, Kjeller, Norway, December 19, Lecture on: Impurities in multicrystalline silicon. Magnus Hurlen Larsen Aluminium Surface Science and Technology, Beaune, France, May 14-18, Lecture on: Grain boundary microstructure and intergranular corrosion of AlMgSi(Cu) model alloys. 10th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys (ICAA), Vancouver, Canada, July 9-13, Lecture on: Significance of low copper content on grain boundary nanostructure and intergranular corrosion of AlMgSi(Cu) model alloys. Gordon Research Conference on Aqueous Corrosion, Colby-Sawyer College, USA, July 16-21, Poster on: Intergranular corrosion and grain boundary composition in 6000-series model alloys with low Cu-content. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry, Edinburgh, Scotland, August 27 - September 1, Lecture on: Intergranular corrosion of AlMgSi(Cu) model alloys. International Workshop on Future Perspectives of Corrosion Research, Ringberg Castle, Tegernesee, Germany, December 13-16, Researchers Night, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, September 22, Lecture on: History, chemistry and principles. Forskningstorget, Trondheim, Norway, Lecture on: History, chemistry and principles. Sten Yngve Larsen Internal CarboMat Seminar, Trondheim, Norway, February 16, Lecture on: Novel carbon materials. CarboMat Meeting, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, March 7, Lecture on: Novel carbon materials. Steering Committee Meeting, Elkem ASA Carbon, Kristiansand, Norway, May 2, Lecture on: Novel carbon materials in electrometallurgical applications. NKS Seminar, Anvendelse av molekylærspektroskopi i forskning og industri, Oslo, Norway, May 4, Norwegian Metallurgical Society Summer Meeting, Oslo, Norway, May 5, Lecture on: Properties of carbon electrodes by carbon nanofiber addition. Elkem ASA Carbon, Kristiansand, Norway, July 10-14, Study visit and experimental work. Opening Seminar, NTNU Nanomekanisk laboratorium, Trondheim, Norway, August 29, National Centre of Raman Spectroscopy, University of Oslo, Norway, August 30 - September 1, Study visit and experimental work. CarboMat Seminar, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, November 15-16, Poster on: Carbon nanofiber additions in electrode binder matrixes. Internal Board Meeting, Elkem Carbon AS, Oslo, Norway, December 14, Invited presenter. Tore Larsen 8th International Symposium on Oilfield Scale, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, May 31 - June 1, Lecture on: Quasi natural consolidation of poorly consolidated oil field reservoirs. Hilde Lea Lein 3rd National FUNMAT Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 6, Lecture on: Aqueous tape casting. International Conference on Inorganic Membranes (ICIM9), Lillehammer, Norway, June 25-29, Lecture on: Asymmetric proton conducting oxide membranes prepared by aqueous tape casting. 2nd KIFEE Symposium, Trondheim, Norway, September 6-8, FOET workshop, Trondheim, Norway, October 2, Lecture on: Asymmetric membranes and fuel cells prepared by aqueous tape casting. Tor Lindstad Lead Author writing section about ferroalloy production in 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 3 Industrial Processes and Product Use, UNEP-WMO. (United Nations Environment Programme - World Meteorological Organization). Reviewer for 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, UNEP- WMO. Knut Marthinsen Knut Marthinsen is deputy head at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. He is member of the International Committee for the Joint International Conferences on 54

55 Extracurricular Activities Recrystallization and Grain Growth, and is also chairman of the Steering Committee for the NorLight project Heat Treatment Fundamentals. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, June 26 July 3, Lecture on: Precipitation behaviour and recrystallisation resistance in Al-alloys with additions of Zr, Sc and Hf. Thermec 2006, International Conference on Manufacturing of Advanced Materials, Vancouver, Canada, July 4-8, Topics coordinator and Session Chairman for the Aluminium Alloys session. Invited keynote, lecture on: Development of aluminium alloys with ultimate recrystallisation resistance. International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA10), Vancouver, Canada, July 9-13, Member of the poster prize nomination committee. Poster on: Deformation and recrystallization behaviour of a homogenized and a heterogenized Al-Mg-Si alloy. Fundamentals of Deformation and Annealing Symposium (Prof. F. J. H. Humphrey s retirement symposium), University of Manchester, United Kingdom, September 5-7, Lettmetall 2006, NorLight End Seminar, Grand Hotel, Oslo, Norway, October 2, Poster on: Overview of NorLight heat treatment fundamentals (HTF). Department of Metal Physics and Metallurgy, RWTH Aachen, Germany, October 13, Discussion meeting re possible new European collaborative research projects. Lecture on: SFF proposal OptiMa and relevant research interests at DMSE, NTNU. Kick-off Meeting, RCN BIA project Nucelation control for optimized properties, Department of Physics, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, October 31 November 1, Member of the steering committee. SAPA Technology, Finspång, Sweden, November 16-17, Visit and presentation of relevant project activities at NTNU and status on possible new European collaborative research projects. Department of Physics, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, November 24, Member of the adjudication committee and administrator for Siv.ing. s Håkon Hasting Stokka s Ph.D. defence. NorLight Heat Treatment Fundamentals (HTF) Seminar, Bårdshaug, Orkanger, Norway, December 7-8, Lecture on: HTF summary - status with respect to original plans and ambitions. Referee for Acta Materialia, Acta Crystallographica, Physica Scripta, Materials Letters, Materials Science and Engineering, Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science. Tommy Mokkelbost 3rd National FUNMAT Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 4-6, Lecture on: Sintering and characterization of La 1- x Sr x NbO 4. 11th International Ceramics Congress, Acireale, Italy, June 4-9, Lecture on: Sintering and characterization of La 1-x Sr x NbO 4. FOET workshop, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, October 2, Lecture on: Current status on spray pyrolysis. Kemal Nisancioglu Laboratory for Industrial Energy Systems (LENI), STI, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), January 12, Continuing collaboration on oxygen transport and exchange in solid oxide membranes. Various meetings, NorLight Program, Light Metal Surface Science Research Project: - Resource Group meetings: January 20 (Holmestrand) and April 21, Technical meetings and seminars: March 15, May 31 and October 21, Meetings of Working Group on Surface Science and Corrosion of European Aluminium Technology Platform, Brussels, Belgium, March 2 and August 18, International Conference on Aluminium Surface Science and Technology, Beaune, France, May 14-18, Member, International Scientific Committee. Keynote lecture: Activation of aluminium alloys by low melting point trace elements. Co-author of other presentations entitled: Interface studies relevant to corrosion processes in aluminium alloys, Grain boundary microstructure and intergranular corrosion of AlMgSi(Cu) model alloys, Compatibility of chromium free conversion and organic coatings on 6000 series aluminium alloys, In situ ellipsometric and electrochemical monitoring of oxide formed on aluminium in acetate buffer and Electrochemical activation of aluminium by trace elements indium and tin. SAPA Technology, Finspång, Sweden, May 29, Lecture on: Effect of small copper content and heat treatment on intergranular corrosion of an AA6000-series model alloy. International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA10), Vancouver, Canada, July 9-13, Co-author of papers entitled: Fracture mechanical testing of adhesion of organic coatings on aluminium, Significance of low copper content on grain boundary nanostructure and intergranular corrosion of AlMgSi(Cu) model alloys, Surface segregation of indium by heat treatment of aluminium and Properties of oxide formed on aluminium in aqueous acetate buffer. Gordon Research Conference on Aqueous Corrosion, New London, New Hampshire, USA, July 16-21, Lecture on: Activation of aluminum by segregation of low melting point trace elements. Sabbatical leave, August 15, August 15, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Turkey, September 9 - October 2, Visiting Professor. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Turkey, September 19, Lecture on: Corrosion science and engineering of light metals: Past, present and future. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Turkey, October 11, Lecture on: Correlation of electrochemical behavior, corrosion morphology and microstructure of aluminum alloys. 55

56 Extracurricular Activities Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Turkey, October 18, Lecture on: Chromate-free conversion coatings for aluminum alloys. Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Management, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark, November 6 - December 12, Visiting Professor. Seminar on Aluminium Surface Modification, DTU, Lyngby, Denmark, November 8, Lecture on: Adhesion of organic coatings on modified chrome free surface. 210th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Cancun, Mexico, October 29 - November 3, Paper entitled: Effect of heat treatment on grain boundary nano-structure and corrosion of low copper AlMgSi alloy. 16th Iketani Conference, Electrochemistry and Thermodynamics of Materials Processing for Sustainable Production, Tokyo, Japan, November 13-15, Lecture on: Effect of modified composition and processing on surface nanostructure and electrochemical properties of recycled aluminum alloys. 111th Conference of Japan Institute of Light Metals, Tokyo, Japan, November 18-19, Lecture on: Corrosion science and engineering of light metals: Past, present and future. Sverre Olsen Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD), Brazil, August 7-11, Visit production plants. Ouro Preto University, Brazil, August 14-17, Post graduate course. Lectures on: Metallurgy of manganese ferroalloys. Lead Author writing section about ferroalloy production in 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 3 Industrial Processes and Product Use, UNEP-WMO. (United Nations Environment Programme World Meteorological Organization). Lars-Erik Owe 210th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Cancun, Mexico, October 29 - November 3, Poster on: Electrochemical studies in pure molten lead chloride. Marian Palcut Inorganic Group Seminar, Trondheim, Norway, February 27, Lecture on: Caution diffusion in LaMnO 3 and LaCoO 3. 9th International Conference on Inorganic Membranes, Lillehammer, Norway, June 25-29, Poster on: Caution diffusion in LaCoO 3. Terkel Rosenqvist Sohn International Symposium, San Diego, California, August 27-31, Hans Jørgen Roven Hans Jørgen Roven is Vice-Chair Strategic Area Materials at NTNU and responsible for Light Materials within the same. He is also Head of the Advisory Board, the national research program NorLight on Light Metals. Member of the promoting international research collaboration on bulk nanostructured materials and Head of FORMLAB, the forming, new forming technology and mechanical testing laboratories at the DMSE. Organizing Internal Seminar on Nanostructuring Metals with Professor Dave Embury, Trondheim, Norway, February 3, Helsinki University of Technology, Materials Science, Finland, April 20, Visit. Ph.D. defence opponent for dr. Terhi Glas, Tampere University of Technology, Finland, April 21, th International Conference on Strength of Metals and Alloys (ICSMA 14), Xian, China, June 4-9, Hydro Magnesium Xi an Plant, Xian, China, June 7, Study visit and discussions. Seminar Strategic Area Materials at NTNU, Stjørdal, Norway, June 13-14, Department Seminar, Brekstad, Norway, June 15-16, Lecture on: Ph.D. education at NTNU and at DMSE. International Conference Ultrafine Grained Materials from Basics to Applications (UFG 2006), Kloster Irsee, Germany, September 25-27, POLEN 2006 Seminar, Trondheim, Norway, October 16, Presentation. NorLight Conference, Oslo, Norway, October 17, Hydro Aluminium R&D Centre, Karmøy, Norway, November 13, Guest lecture. Dragvoll Forum for Globalisering, Dragvoll, Trondheim, Norway, November 16, Lecture on: Smakebiter Kinaforskningen ved NTNU - Materialteknologi. NTNU delegation to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Royal Norwegian Consulate in Shanghai and to Chongqing University, November 26-31, Seminars and lectures. Espen Rudberg 3rd National FUNMAT Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 4-6, Lecture on: Interpretation of oxygen diffusion and surface exchange data for La 1-x Sr x CoO 3-δ. Inorganic Group Seminar, Trondheim, Norway, February 27, Lecture on: Electrochemical measurements of oxygen exchange and transport in La 0.7 Sr 0.3 CoO 3-δ. 9th International Conference on Inorganic Membranes, Lillehammer, Norway, June 25-29, Poster on: Oxygen exchange and transport in membranes La 1-x Sr x CoO 3-δ. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry, Edinburgh, Scotland, August 27 - September 1, Poster on: Measurement and interpretation of oxygen diffusion and surface exchange data for La 1-x Sr x CoO 3-δ. FOET work shop, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, October 2, Lecture on: Supported dense thin film La 0.7 Sr 0.3 CoO 3-δ membrane - preparation and oxygen permeation. Per Martin Rørvik 3rd National FUNMAT Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 56

57 Extracurricular Activities 5-6, Lecture on: Chemical preparation of ferroelectric nanorods. 2nd KIFEE Symposium, Trondheim, Norway, September 6-8, Frode Seland 3rd National FUNMAT Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 5-6, Lecture on: Electrochemical oxidation of methanol and formic acid in fuel cell processes. Meeting on EU-project FURIM, Trondheim, Norway, April 3-4, th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society, Denver, Colorado, USA, May 7-12, Lecture on: Mechanistic aspects of oxidation of methanol, formic acid and CO on Pt. NREL, Golden, Colorado, USA, May 12, Visit. One-day Seminar, DMSE, Trondheim, Norway, June 1, Visitors from Permascand and KTH. Lecture on: Hydrogen og biobrensel i brenselceller. 10th Ulm ElectroChemical Talks, Ulm, Germany, June 27-28, Award winning poster, 3rd price: High-temperature PEM fuel cells based on acid doped PBI membranes. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France, September 5-12, NordicPEMfc06, Stockholm, Sweden, September 25-27, Poster presentation: High-temperature PEM fuel cells based on acid doped PBI membranes. Meeting on EU-project FURIM, Gothenburg, Sweden, October 11-13, Sverre Magnus Selbach 3rd National FUNMAT Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 5-6, Lecture on: Cation non-stoichiometry of PbTiO 3. 4th Topical THIOX Meeting, Jægtvolden Fjordhotell, Inderøy, Norway, March 19-21, Lecture on: The effect of PbOdeficiency in Pb 1-x TiO 3-d. Jan Ketil Solberg Project meeting, Scana Steel Stavanger, Jørpeland, Norway, February 21, Administrated the purchase and installation of a field emission gun microprobe analyzer, JEOL JXA-8500F EPMA, installed April NORSTORE International Seminar on Hydrogen Storage and Supply Systems, Jyllinge, Denmark, May 30-31, Project plan meeting, IFE, Kjeller, Norway, August 30, Project meeting, Scana Steel Stavanger, Jørpeland, Norway, November 17, Meeting at FMC Technologies (arranged by Idéfondet NTNU), Kongsberg, Norway, November 20, Nanotechnology Seminar, Kongsberg Industripark, Norway, November 21, Maneesh Srivastava Magnesium Competence Centre, Hydro Aluminium and Research Centre, Porsgrunn, Norway, April 6, Lecture on: Improving energy absorption of HPDC Mg alloys. Hydro, Sunndalsøra, Norway, May 8, Lecture on: Improving energy absorption of HPDC Al-Si alloys. 8th International Summer School of Aluminium Alloy Technology; Casting and Solidification of Aluminium and Magnesium Alloys, Trondheim, Norway, August 21-25, rd International Conference on High Tech Die Casting, Vicenza, Italy, September 21-22, Poster on: Energy absorption of HPDC aluminium and magnesium alloys. NorLight Conference, Oslo, Norway, October 17-18, Lecture on: Improving energy absorption of HPDC Al-Si and Mg alloys. Svein Sunde 3rd National FUNMAT Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 5-6, Lecture on: Carbon nanofibre supported Pt catalysts for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Nordic Hydrogen Seminar 2006, Oslo, Norway, February 6-8, Lecture on: Nanostructured electrocatalysts for PBI fuel cell. 12th Nordic Symposium on Catalysis, Trondheim, Norway, May 28-30, Lecture on: Development of nanostructured Pt-based electrocatalyst for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry, Edinburgh, Scotland, August 27 - September 1, Poster on: PBI fuel cell catalysts prepared by colloidal routes. 5th International Conference on Electrocatalysis (ECS 06), Montenegro, September 10-14, Poster on: Synthesis and characterization of CNF supported catalysts for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Prsemyslaw Szczygiel 2006 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, San Antonio, USA, March 12-16, Presentation on: Microstructural development of recycled-like alloys during ECAP: particle break-up, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. WEBCAST: Enhancing the Value Proposition Through Metals Recycling, Trondheim, Norway, September 28, POLEN 2006 Seminar: Fundamentals, Practice and Modeling during Metal Recycling, Refining and Processing, October 16, Organization and presentation. Merete Tangstad Merete Tangstad is Chairman of the Norwegian Metallurgical Society, Trondheim, Norway. She is also Deputy Board Member of FFF (The Norwegian Ferroalloy Producers Research Association). Miljøarbeid og Prosessindustri, Hund og katt eller som Hånd i hanske, Trondheim, Norway, March 22, Administrator (60 participants). 57

58 Extracurricular Activities Carbonaceous Materials in the Ferromanganese Production, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, December 8, Administrator (20 participants). Operator Seminar, Eramet, Sauda, Norway, April 25-26, Lecturing external course: Production of ferromanganese alloys. University of Ouro Preto and CVRD, Brazil, August 4-19, Lecturing external course: Production of ferromanganese alloys. Jomar Thonstad TMS Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, USA, March 12-16, Lecture on: Anode overvoltage on metallic inert anodes in low-melting bath. Aluminium of Siberia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, September 5-7, Lecture on: Anode effect (AE) in aluminium cells, and how to reduce AE frequency. Workshop on: The optimum bath composition in aluminium electrolysis. University of Moscow, Moscow, Russia, September 8, Visit to The Electrochemistry Group. Seminar: Are inert anodes for aluminium production close to a technological breakthrough? 45th Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM/17th International Symposium of ICSOBA, Montreal, Canada, October 1-4, Lecture on: Adsorption of SO2 on smelter grade alumina. Julian Tolchard 3rd National FUNMAT Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 4-6, Researchers Night, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, September 22, Practical demonstrations. Solid State Proton Conductors 13 (SSPC-13), St Andrews, United Kingdom, September 4-6, Lecture on: Chemical compatibility of the proton conductor BaZrO 3. Workshop Functional Oxides for Energy Technology, Trondheim, Norway, October 2, Lecture on: A kinetically hindered phase transition in Ba x Sr 1-x Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3-δ. Solid State Group Meeting, Sheffield, United Kingdom, December 18-19, Poster on: Choosing the right electrode: chemical compatibility of the proton conductor SrCeO 3. Mikhail Tsypkin 3rd National FUNMAT Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 5-6, Lecture on: Carbon nanofibre supported Pt catalysts for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Nordic Hydrogen Seminar 2006, Oslo, Norway, February 6-8, Lecture on: Nanostructured electrocatalysts for PBI fuel cell. 12th Nordic Symposium on Catalysis, Trondheim, Norway, May 28-30, Lecture on: Development of nanostructured Pt-based electrocatalyst for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry, Edinburgh, Scotland, August 27 - September 1, Poster on: PBI fuel cell catalysts prepared by colloidal routes. 5th International Conference on Electrocatalysis (ECS 06), Montenegro, September 10-14, Poster on: Synthesis and characterization of CNF - supported catalysts for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Reidar Tunold 3rd National FUNMAT Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 5-6, Lecture on: Electrocatalysts for water electrolysis using polymer electrolyte membrane. Arranged discussion and presentation meeting with Prototech (CMI, Bergen), NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, February 9, Lecture on: Research activities on energy processes; water electrolysis and fuel cells at electrochemistry group. Nordic Hydrogen Seminar 2006, Oslo, Norway, February 6-8, Lecture on: Nanostructured electrocatalysts for PBI fuel cell. Arranged General Assembly Meeting, EU-project FURIM, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, April 3-4, th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Denver, USA, May 7-12, Lecture on: Nanocrystalline oxides as oxygen evolution electrocatalysts for PEM water electrolysis. 12th Nordic Symposium on Catalysis, Trondheim, Norway, May 28-30, Lecture on: Development of nanostructured Pt-based electrocatalyst for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Permascand and KTH, Sweden, May 31 June 1, Co-arranged discussion and presentation meeting. Lecture on: Electrocatalysis in electrochemical energy systems. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry, Edinburgh, Scotland, August 27 - September 1, Lecture on: Kinetic studies of the V 4+ /V 5+ Red/Ox system in sulphuric acid. 2nd KIFEE Symposium, Trondheim, Norway, September 6-8, th International Conference on Electrocatalysis (ECS 06), Montenegro, September 10-14, Poster on: Synthesis and characterization of CNF supported catalysts for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Volvo, Chalmers Science Park, Göteborg, Sweden, October 12-13, General Assembly meeting EU-project FURIM. POLEN 2006 Seminar, Trondheim, Norway, October 13-22, Lecture on: Metal deposition from molten chlorides, diffusion and nucleation processes. Johan Kr. Tuset Silicon for the Chemical Industry VIII, Trondheim, Norway, June 12-15, Lecture on: Thermodynamics of the Carbothermic Silicon Process. Kristin Vasshaug Internal CarboMat Seminar, Trondheim, Norway, February 16, Lecture on: Electrochemical wear of carbon materials in fluoride melts. 58

59 Extracurricular Activities CarboMat Resource Group Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, March 7, Lecture on: Electrochemical wear of carbon materials in fluoride melts. Department of Environmental Systems Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan, April 1 - June 29, Grant: The Scandinavia-Japan Sasakawa Foundation. Study visit. Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute, Otsu, Japan, May 20, Study visit and meeting. Internal Seminar, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan, May 23, Lecture on: Electrochemical wear of carbon materials in fluoride melts. SEC Corp., Fukuchiyama, Japan, June 9, Study visit and meeting. Lecture on: Aluminium electrolysis and carbon material science. Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute, Otsu, Japan, June 27, Seminar. 2nd KIFEE Symposium, Trondheim, Norway, September 6-8, Annual CarboMat Seminar, Trondheim, Norway, November 15-16, Lecture on: Cathode wear mechanisms. Fride Vullum 3rd National FUNMAT Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 4-6, Ph.D.-pool Seminar, The Gas Technology Center (GTS), Trondheim, Norway, March 10, Lecture on: Development of electrolyte material for proton SOFC. Contact Meeting GTS, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, May 15, Lecture on: GTS Ph.D.-pool pilotprosjekt. Department Seminar, Brekstad, Norway, June 15-16, th International Conference on Inorganic Membranes, Lillehammer, Norway, June 25-29, nd KIFEE Symposium, Trondheim Norway, 7-8 September, FOET work shop, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, October 2, Lecture on: Synthesis routes and transport properties of tetragonal CeNbO 4+δ. Journalism and research course, Fredrikstad, Norway, November 9-10, Kjell Wiik 3rd National FUNMAT Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 5-6, Lecture on: Production of multicomponent oxide powders by spray pyrolysis. Electroceramics X, International Conference on Electroceramics and their Applications, Toledo, Spain, June 18-22, Session chairman. Lecture on: Production of nanoscaled complex oxide powders by spray pyrolysis. COST-539, Electroceramics from Nanopowders Produced by Innovative Methods (ELENA), Toledo, Spain, June 19, Management Committee Meeting. FUNMAT-subproject Meeting, Functional Oxides for Energy Technology (FOET), Trondheim, Norway, October 2, Lecture on: Oxygen transport in La 2 NiO 4+ δ and the effect of water. COST-539, Workshop, Electroceramics from Nanopowders Produced by Innovative Methods (ELENA), Brüssels, Belgium, November 15-16, Session chairman. Lecture on: Production of nanoscaled complex oxide powders by spray pyrolysis and the relation between powder characteristics and densification properties. Gemini Centre, Seminar on Energy and Materials, Trondheim, Norway, November 24, Lecture on: Production of high quality ceramic powders by spray pyrolysis. Lifeng Zhang Lifeng Zhang is a Senior Guest Consultant for Shougang Research Institute of Technology (Shougang Steel, Beijing, China). He is a Key reader (Member of Board of Review) for the journal of Metallurgical & Materials Transactions B. He is also a scientific adviser at SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway. Research projects in 2006: Water modeling on the fluid flow-related phenomena in aluminum electrolysis cell, Purification of aluminum through coated porous filter, Investigation on the oxidation layer on the top of molten aluminum, Fundamentals, practice and modeling during metal recycling, refining and processing, Recycling light metals for high value-added use, Mathematical simulation on the fluid flow and heat transfer in a sodium silicate furnace, Integrated nordplus postgraduate education and research network in steel research (INPERNSR) and Purification of Si melts by filtration process. University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA, December 16, January 4, Research visit. Elkem Company, Kristiansand, Norway, February 7, Lecture on: Refining, casting and recycling of aluminum and silicon. Cores Steel Research Center, The Netherlands, February 9, Lecture on: Inclusions related research during steel refining and continuous casting. University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China, February 22, Research visit, host Professor: Hongmin Zhu. TMS 2006 Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, USA, March 12-16, Lectures on: State of the art in recovery of aluminum from aluminum dross and Fluid flow and transport phenomena during steel refining and casting process. MAP Project: Molten Aluminium Purification, Hotel Tulip Inn Boulevard, Brussels, Belgium, April 24-25, End-term conference and meetings. Hydro Aluminum, Sunndalsøra, Norway, April 28, Lecture on: Purification of aluminum and silicon and inclusion detection. Norwegian Metallurgical Society Summer Meeting, Oslo, Norway, May 4-5, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA, June 6-7, Awarded as a visiting professor. 59

60 Extracurricular Activities 2006 Beijing International Materials Week (2006 BIMW), Beijing, China, June 25-28, Lectures on: State of the art in the refining and recycling of magnesium, Removal of impurity elements from aluminum scrap through and Filtration purification of solar cell silicon materials through filtration. Symposium on the Economical and Technology Cooperation of Chinese Experts in Other Countries, June 29 - July 2, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China, November 27-28, Lecture on: Refining and recycling of metals. Chongqing University, China, November 29-30, Awarded as a guest professor. Lecture on: Refining and recycling of metals. 5th International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Process Industries (CFD2006), Melbourne, Australia, December 11-15, Lectures on: Fluid flow, heat transfer and inclusion removal in continuous casting strands and Fluid flow, heat transfer and inclusion motion in continuous casting tundishes. CSIRO Minerals (Light Metal Group, CFD Group, and High Temperature Group), Australia, December 18, Research visit. Host researchers: Dr. Alan Manzoori, Dr. Phil Schwarz and Dr. Sun Shouyi. Terje Østvold Terje Østvold is a member of the TEKNA Oil field chemistry symposium board. Meetings in Oslo, Norway, May and October, Project and board meetings related to Sand Stabilisation and Water Proofing of Tunnels. This project is operated by the spin-off company Impermeable AS. Project meetings: Statoil Stjørdal; Norway, January 11, Radcon Scandinavia, Oslo, Norway, February 3-5 and 9-12, August and December 30, ICE/HT-FORTH, and University of Patras, Patras, Greece, June 5 - July 5, Study visit and guidance of 5 Ph.D. students at Department of Chemical Engineering. Cooperation with SINTEF Petroleum Research. Project meetings and reporting, Statoil, Trondheim, Norway, January 13, February 15 and September 7, A series if meetings during the year at Statoil; Rotvoll and Stjørdal, Norway. Strategy meeting, Torpberget, Norway, October 25-26, th International Oil Field Chemistry Symposium, Geilo, Norway, March 19-22, Member of committee and session Chairman. Paper on: Prediction of scale potential in ethylene glycol containing solutions. 8th International Symposium on Oilfield Scale, Aberdeen, Scotland, May 30 - June 1, Paper on: Quasi natural consolidation of poorly consolidated oil field reservoirs. The Oil and Gas Research Institution, Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, November 18 - December 2, Study visit and courses on: Mineral scale prediction and evaluation of new gas field developments with respect to the possible scale problems that could occur when these fields are starting production. Buenos Aires, December 2-8 and 11-15, Study visit to oil and gas research institutions. Celta industrias, Dir. Carlos Luengo, Punta Del Este, Uruguay, December 8-11, Meetings. Courses in the use of MEGScale 7.0 developed for Statoil and Norsk Hydro, Bergen, Norway, January 31 February 2, Petrotech, Haugesund, Norway, October 31 November 4, Lecture on: Norwegian and international oil industry. Meeting with Radcon Italia, Modena, Italy, May 11-12, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Greece, November 6, Katerina Kofina and Marianna Lioliou s Ph.D. defence. Harald A. Øye Harald A. Øye is chairman of the technical committee ISO TC 226 (Materials for the Production of Primary Aluminium). He is member of the Scientific Board for the company Metalysis, Rotherham, United Kingdom. The Norwegian Academy of Technical Sciences, Oslo, Norway, March 2, Industrial council meeting. 135th TMS Annual Meeting, San Antonio. Texas, USA, March 10-16, ARABAL 2006, Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, April 2-5, Lecture on: The importance of ISO testing of materials used in the primary aluminium industry. Egyptalum, Nag Hammady, Egypt, April 8-10, Lectures on: Aluminium electrolysis. Principles, environmental concerns and new technologies, Cathode materials, Cathode construction, Chemical reaction and physical changes, Start and operation, Cell autopsy manual, How to obtain long-lived cells, Test procedures and ISO standard work, Test methods and Spent potlining treatment. Department of Chemistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, April 13-14, Lecture on: The power of thermodynamic modelling. In-Situ Analysis, Hørsholm, Denmark, May 4-5, Research cooperation. Metalysis, London, United Kingdom, May 25, Scientific board meeting. Fundamentals of Aluminium Production 2006, Trondheim, Norway, May 15-26, Chairman. 25th International Course on Process Metallurgy of Aluminium, Trondheim, Norway, May 29 - June2, Chairman and lectures on: The principles of aluminium electrolysis and How to obtain long-lived cells. Silicon for the Chemical Industry VIII, Trondheim, Norway, June 12-15, Chairman. RUSAL, Sajanogorsk and Krasnoyarsk, June 19-30, Cell autopsy. In-situ Analysis, Hørsholm, Denmark, August 8-9, Research cooperation. 60

61 Extracurricular Activities R and D Carbon, Sierre, Switzerland, August 11, Research cooperation. EUCHEM, Hammamet, Tunisia, September 16-22, Lecture on: Molten salt experimental methodology. In retrospect. ISO/TC 226, Materials for the primary production of aluminium, Paris, France, September 26-28, Chairman. COM 2006, 45th Annual Conference of Metallurgy of CIM, Quebec, Canada, October 1-4, Lecture on: International standards (ISO) testing of materials used in the primary aluminium industry. Norsk Kjemisk Selskap, Trondheim, Norway, October 31, Lecture on: ISO-standardisering av materialer. Torjus Åkre KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, May 15, Project meeting. Lecture on: Anode scaling in cobalt electrowinning: Project status May Xstrata Nickel Falconbridge Nikkelverk, Kristiansand, Norway, August 14 - December 28, Supervisor of Eivind Iglebekk s diploma work: Influence of manganese on the electrowinning of nickel from chloride solutions. 2nd KIFEE Symposium, Trondheim, Norway, September 6-8, Lecture on: Pilot cell studies of cobalt electrowinning from chloride solution. KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, November 27, Project meeting. Lecture on: Influence of manganese on the electrowinning of nickel from chloride solutions. 61

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66 Skipnes AS I n n o v a t i o n a n d C r e a t i v i t y Annual Report NTNU Innovation and Creativity The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim represents academic eminence in technology and the natural sciences as well as in other academic disciplines ranging from the social sciences, the arts, medicine, architecture to fine arts. Cross-disciplinary cooperation results in ideas no one else has thought of, and creative solutions that change our daily lives. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway