LSINF1124 Projet de programmation
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1 LSINF1124 Projet de programmation Database Programming with Java TM Sébastien Combéfis University of Louvain (UCLouvain) Louvain School of Engineering (EPL) March 1, 2011
2 Introduction A database is a collection of records, logically related A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that organizes the storage of data A database model is the structure of a database (flat, relational, object,...) A query language used to make queries on a database (SQL, XQuery, Datalog,...) 2
3 Java DB : Apache Derby Java DB is Sun s supported distribution of the open source Apache Derby 100% Java technology database. It is fully transactional, secure, easy-to-use, standards-based? SQL, JDBC API, and Java EE yet small, only 2.5 MB. A Java RDBMS, that can be embedded in Java programs Included in Java SE (since Java 6) 3
4 SQL query language SQL (Structured Query Language) used to query database Let s discover SQL using the Apache Derby s ij tool 1 $ java -jar /Users/combefis/javadb /lib/derbyrun.jar ij 2 version ij ij> To get help about allowed commands, type help; To quit ij, type exit; 4
5 Database The first step is to open a connection to the database Can create a new database with create=true attribute 1 ij> connect jdbc :derby :MyNewDB ;create=true ; 2 ij> show connections ; 3 CONNECTION0 jdbc:derby:mynewdb 4 = connexion en cours 5 ij> disconnect CONNECTION0 ; 6 ij> show connections ; 7 Aucune connexion disponible. 8 ij> exit ; 9 10 $ ls 11 MyNewDB derby.log All the content of the database is stored in the MyNewDB folder 5
6 Table A database is composed of tables A table is created with the CREATE TABLE SQL command 1 ij> connect jdbc :derby :MyNewDB ; 2 ij> CREATE TABLE students 3 > ( 4 > firstname VARCHAR(50), 5 > lastname VARCHAR(50), 6 > sex CHAR(1) 7 > ) ; 8 0 lignes insérées/mises à jour/supprimées 9 10 ij> DESCRIBE students ; 11 COLUMN_NAME TYPE_NAME DEC& NUM& COLUM& COLUMN_DEF CHAR_OCTE& IS_NULL& FIRSTNAME VARCHAR NULL NULL 50 NULL 100 YES 14 LASTNAME VARCHAR NULL NULL 50 NULL 100 YES 15 SEX CHAR NULL NULL 1 NULL 2 YES 16 3 lignes sélectionnées 6
7 Populate the table Can add record in a table with INSERT INTO SQL command Can get record from a table with SELECT FROM SQL command 1 ij> INSERT INTO students VALUES ( Florence, Turine, F ) ; 2 1 ligne insérée/mise à jour/supprimée 3 4 ij> INSERT INTO students VALUES ( Nicolas, Laurent, M ) ; 5 1 ligne insérée/mise à jour/supprimée 6 7 ij> SELECT * FROM students ; 8 FIRSTNAME LASTNAME SEX 9 10 Florence Turine F 11 Nicolas Laurent M 12 2 lignes sélectionnées 7
8 Query the table Queries done with SELECT FROM SQL command Can use WHERE clause to specify conditions 1 >ij SELECT firstname, lastname FROM students WHERE sex= F ; 2 FIRSTNAME LASTNAME 3 4 Florence Turine 5 1 ligne sélectionnée 6 7 >ij SELECT * FROM students WHERE firstname LIKE Thor% ; 8 FIRSTNAME LASTNAME ligne sélectionnée 8
9 Update a row Update a row with the UPDATE SQL command 1 >ij INSERT INTO students (firstname, sex) VALUES ( Thoralf, M ) ; 2 1 ligne insérée/mise à jour/supprimée 3 4 >ij SELECT * FROM students WHERE firstname LIKE Thor% ; 5 FIRSTNAME LASTNAME SEX 6 7 Thoralf NULL M 8 1 ligne sélectionnée 9 10 >ij UPDATE students SET lastname= G. WHERE firstname= Thoralf ; 11 1 ligne insérée/mise à jour/supprimée >ij SELECT * FROM students WHERE firstname LIKE Thor% ; 14 FIRSTNAME LASTNAME SEX Thoralf G. M 17 1 ligne sélectionnée 9
10 Delete a row Delete a row with the DELETE SQL command 1 >ij INSERT INTO students VALUES ( Olivier, Bonaventure, M ) ; 2 1 ligne insérée/mise à jour/supprimée 3 4 ij> SELECT * FROM students ; 5 FIRSTNAME LASTNAME SEX 6 7 Florence Turine F 8 Nicolas Laurent M 9 Thoralf G. M 10 Olivier Bonaventure M 11 4 lignes sélectionnées >ij DELETE FROM students WHERE firstname= olivier AND lastname= bonaventure ; 14 1 ligne insérée/mise à jour/supprimée >ij SELECT COUNT(*) AS nb FROM students ; 17 NB ligne sélectionnée 10
11 And now, in Java! I Loading the driver 1 try 2 { 3 Class.forName ("org.apache.derby.jdbc.embeddeddriver"); 4 System.out.println ("Driver loaded"); 5 } 6 catch (ClassNotFoundException exception) 7 { 8 System.err.println ("Unable to find the driver : " + exception.getmessage()); 9 } The driver depends on the DB you want to connect to PostgreSQL : org.postgresql.driver MySQL : com.mysql.jdbc.driver 11
12 And now, in Java! II Connecting to the database and closing the connection 1 String dbname = "/Users/combefis/MyNewDB"; 2 3 try 4 { 5 Connection conn = 6 DriverManager.getConnection ("jdbc:derby:" + dbname + ";create=true"); 7 8 // [...] 9 10 conn.close(); 11 } 12 catch (SQLException exception) 13 { 14 System.err.println ("SQL error : " + exception.getmessage()); 15 } 12
13 And now, in Java! III Querying the database and retrieving results 1 Statement s = conn.createstatement(); 2 3 ResultSet res = s.executequery ("SELECT FROM students"); 4 while (res.next()) 5 { 6 System.out.printf ("%s %s %s\n", res.getstring (1), 7 res.getstring (2), res.getstring ("sex")); 8 } 9 res.close(); s.close(); Can get values of a row with methods from ResultSet : by column number (first = 1) or by column name Don t forget res.close() to free resource 13
14 And now, in Java! IV Shutting down the database 1 boolean SQLexc = false; 2 try 3 { 4 DriverManager.getConnection ("jdbc:derby:;shutdown=true"); 5 } 6 catch (SQLException exception) 7 { 8 SQLexc = exception.getsqlstate().equals ("XJ015"); 9 } if (SQLexc) 12 { 13 System.out.println ("Database shut down normally"); 14 } 15 else 16 { 17 System.out.println ("Database did not shut down normally"); 18 } 14
15 Updating the database With a Statement, use executequery to get a result executeupdate to perform an update (returns a ResultSet) (returns a int) 1 Statement s = conn.createstatement(); 2 3 int r = s.executeupdate ("DELETE FROM students"); 4 System.out.printf ("%d row(s) deleted\n", r); 5 6 s.close(); 15
16 Prepared statements and batch processing Use PreparedStatement to build a not complete statement that need to be filled Can prepared queries that will be executed in a batch 1 PreparedStatement pstmt = 2 conn.preparestatement ("INSERT INTO students VALUES (?,?,?)"); 3 4 for (int i = 0; i < firstnames.length; i++) 5 { 6 pstmt.setstring (1, firstnames[i]); 7 pstmt.setstring (2, lastnames[i]); 8 pstmt.setstring (3, sexs[i]); 9 pstmt.addbatch(); 10 } int[] rs = pstmt.executebatch(); 16
17 SQLData or how to define a new type Seems that it is not available with Java DB 17
18 Primary key Rows indexed for better search performance Should defined keys and indexes Primary key should uniquely identify a row 1 >ij CREATE TABLE students 2 > ( 3 > id_student INTEGER NOT NULL 4 > PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY 5 > (START WITH 1, INCREMENT BY 1), 6 > firstname VARCHAR(50), 7 > lastname VARCHAR(50), 8 > sex CHAR(1) NOT NULL 9 > ) ; 10 0 lignes insérées/mises à jour/supprimées 18
19 Establishing relations between tables We have a table describing students We want to add, for each student, the other students with which they are in a love relationship One student may have several active partners! id_students firstname lastname sex partners 1 Florence Turine F P. 2 Nicolas Laurent M Pénéloppe 3 Thoralf G. M 4 P. NULL M Florence 5 Péneloppe X F Nicolas, Nicole, Thoralf, Florence 6 Nicole Y F Pénéloppe Good solution? 19
20 Establishing relations between tables We have a table describing students We want to add, for each student, the other students with which they are in a love relationship One student may have several active partners! id_students firstname lastname sex partners 1 Florence Turine F 4 2 Nicolas Laurent M 6 3 Thoralf G. M 4 P. NULL M 1 5 Péneloppe X F 2, 6, 3, 1 6 Nicole Y F 5 What about that one? 19
21 Foreign key I 1 >ij CREATE TABLE relations 2 > ( 3 > p1 INTEGER NOT NULL, 4 > p2 INTEGER NOT NULL, 5 > PRIMARY KEY (p1, p2), 6 > FOREIGN KEY (p1) REFERENCES students(id_student), 7 > FOREIGN KEY (p2) REFERENCES students(id_student) 8 > ) ; 9 0 lignes insérées/mises à jour/supprimées PRIMARY KEY constraint defines the table s primary key FOREIGN KEY constraint states that a key in that table refers to a key in another one 20
22 Foreign key II The constraints are checked when the tables are updated 1 >ij INSERT INTO relations VALUES (42, 69) ; 2 ERREUR : INSERT sur la table RELATIONS a entrainé la violation de la 3 contrainte de clé externe SQL pour la clé (42). 4 L instruction a été annulée. Argh! Why? 21
23 Foreign key III 22
24 Foreign key IV Here are the two tables id_students firstname lastname sex 1 Florence Turine F 2 Nicolas Laurent M 3 Thoralf G. M 4 P. NULL M 5 Péneloppe X F 6 Nicole Y F p1 p
25 Making joins Making queries on several tables, joining on some columns 1 >ij SELECT S1.firstname, S2.firstname FROM relations, students S1, students S2 2 WHERE p1=s1.id_student AND p2=s2.id_student ; 3 FIRSTNAME FIRSTNAME 4 5 Florence P. 6 Nicolas Nicole 7 P. Florence 8 Péneloppe Florence 9 Péneloppe Nicolas 10 Péneloppe Thoralf 11 Péneloppe Nicole 12 Nicole Péneloppe lignes sélectionnées 24
26 Resources and References I JDBC : Practical Guide for Java TM Programmers (2001) Gregory Speegle Morgan Kaufmann Java TM Database Best Practices (2003) George Reese O Reilly
27 Resources and References II Sun Java TM tutorial The Sun tutorial on JDBC Apache Derby tutorial How to use derby : install it, use the ij tool and query databases, embedded and network derby 26
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