Using SQL Server Management Studio

Transcription

1 Using SQL Server Management Studio Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio 2005 is a graphical tool for database designer or programmer. With SQL Server Management Studio 2005 you can: Create databases Insert tables to databases Insert column to tables Insert primary keys and indexes to tables Create SQL-sentences graphically And so on. 1. Starting SQL Server Management Studio You can obtain Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio from two different sources: 1. You can install Microsoft SQL Server SQL Server Management Studio 2005 is part of the product. 2. You can download SQL Server Management Studio 2005 from Microsoft SQL Server Express download page. The address of the page is: When Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio is started you will have the dialog window below: Picture: The Connect window starting SQL Server Management Studio In dialog window you will have the following information: Server type gives you the possibility to choose from the Database Engine and different type of services. You should select Database Engine. Server name is the name of the server you are using. SQL Server Express has typically the computer name, back slash and SQLEXPRESS concatenated. SQL Server 2005 is recognized with the computer name only. You can browse for the servers if they are not available. Authentication is needed for rights to use the server. You can choose Windows Authentication (you will get the rights when you sign in) or SQL Server Authentication (you have to give correct user name and password). After you have filled the dialog you press Connect command button. Connection to database is opened.

2 Picture: Connection to the database is opened When connection to the database is opened you will have the window above. You can find three frames: 1. Registered Servers frame show you the list of the databases that can be achieved using the Database Engine. In the example above there is Microsoft SQL Server 2005 (do , not connected, red icon) and Microsoft SQL Server Express (do \sqlexpress, connected, green icon) 2. Object Explorer frame shows you the main content or objects of database you have connected to. 3. Summary frame is the main working area for you. The content of the frame will change according to the work you are doing. 2. Creating a database When you start with Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio you have to create the database: 1. Choose Databases object from the Object Explorer frame and press right mouse button 2. Choose command New Database from the menu You will get the New Database Window. In window you have the following information: 1. Database name is the name of the new database you are creating 2. Owner is the owner of the database. Usually default will do. 3. Database files are the new files you are creating for your database. Usually you have two files the database file and the log file. Consider the size of the database and reserve the initial size according to that. Remember that file extensions added later will work but are slower than the database file you create at the beginning. When you have added the name of the database to the window, you press command button OK and the database is created.

3 Picture: New Database window When you have created a database called customer your Object Browser frame might look like this: Picture: Object Browser frame after creating a Customer database

4 3. Adding tables to database When the database is created you can add tables to the database: 1. Choose Customer database object from the Object Explorer frame and press right mouse button 2. Choose command New Table from the menu Picture: Creating tables to the database The summary frame is divided to two parts. Upper part is used to create columns to the table. The part below has more precise information about each column. Create the columns you need for the table. For each column you have to give: The name of the column. Remember this is the name you have to use in the program. Data type for the column. Choose the date type according to the content of the column. Information about null-values. You can allow or permit the null values. Information about primary keys. Primary key can be seen at the beginning of the line Close the Table folder Question dialog asks a permission to save the table declaration. Answer Yes to the question dialog Choose Name dialog asks name to the table. Enter name to the table and press OK -button. Picture: Choose Name dialog for naming the table

5 4. Data types 4.1 Number types Number data types are used to express numbers. Number data types can be divided to exact number types and approximate number types. Name Decimal range Binary size Storage size bigint (-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 2 ** 63 8 bytes 9,223,372,036,854,775,807) int (-2,147,483,648-2,147,483,647) 2 ** 31 4 bytes smallint (-32,768-32,767) 2 ** 15 2 bytes tinyint ( 0 255) 2 ** 8 1 byte bit Byte for 8 bits decimal 10 numbers 4 types numeric Functionally equivalent to decimal money -922,337,203,685, to 922,337,203,685, bytes smallmoney - 214, to 214, bytes Table: Exact number types Approximate number types are called float and real. Actually real is also a floating point number that is expressed with 24 bit in mantissa, when float uses 48 bits in mantissa. Data type Precision in digits Mantissa Storage size real 7 digits 24 bits 4 bytes float 15 digits 53 bits 8 bytes Picture: Approximate number types 4.2 Date and time types Date and time types are used to save information about date and time or date or time. Data type Start date End date Accuracy Storage size datetime ,33 ms 8 bytes smalldatetime min 4 bytes Picture: Date and time types Examples: 01/10/ :30:00,500 01/10/ : Character strings Character strings are user to save character data. Data type Information Use Storage size char Non-Unicode character data When static length Length varchar Variable length non-unicode When variable length Length + 2 character data text Variable length non-unicode Don t use. Will be

6 data removed in future nchar Unicode character data When multi-language Length data is needed nvarchar Variable length Unicode When variable length 2 * Length + 2 character data ntext Variable length Unicode data Don t use. Will be removed in future Picture: Types for character data 4.4 Binary strings Binary string save binary type data to the database. Data type Information Use Storage size binary Binary data When static length Length varbinary Variable length binary data When variable length Length + 2 image Picture: Types for binary data Variable length binary data handled as a picture When picture data is needed Length Other data types cursor sql_variant table timestamp uniqueidentifier xml is a data type for variables or stored procedures output parameters when cursor data type is needed. enables database objects to support values of other data types. is used to store a result set for processing later. is used to determine whether any value in the row has changed since the last time it was read. is used to comparing the bit patterns of the two values. is data type for xml document instance.

7 5 Adding database diagram and relationship between tables When tables are created it is possible to create a database diagram and relationships between tables. When you open a database object in object explorer you can find folders Database Diagrams and Tables. Tables folder contains all the tables in the database. When tables have been created it is possible to construct a database diagram for the database. Picture: Object explorer when tables have been created for the database Create a database diagram: 1. Choose Database Diagrams from the Customer database object folders and press right mouse button 2. Choose command New Database Diagram from the menu 3. Add Table dialog window is opened 4. Choose the table you want to add from the dialog and press Add command button 5. When all necessary tables have been chosen press Close command button. Picture: Database Diagram Add Table dialog window When all tables have been chosen the Database Diagram is opened.

8 Picture: The Database Diagram when tables had been added to the diagram Now it is possible to add relationships between the tables. Before the connection can be created there must be foreign keys added for the relationships. To create a relationship: 1. Choose the identifier that is used for the relationship (customer table id column). You can choose several column if it is necessary 2. Drag and drop the column to pointing foreign key column in other table (order-table cid-column in the example) 3. Dialog window for the relationship definition is opened 4. Press OK button in the dialog window when the relationship is correctly defined. Picture: Dialog window for relationship definition

9 Dialog window has a textbox for relationship name. It is possible to use the generic name the dialog suggests or give an own name to the relationship. It is possible to change the primary key table if it is needed. Picture: Foreign Key Relationship dialog window In the Foreign Key Relationship dialog window following properties can be found: 1. Check Existing Data On Creation Or Re-Enabling. Possible values are Yes and No. Usually Yes is selected to check the validity of the reference 2. Tables and Columns Specification is a list of the table and column declaration for the reference. It can be opened from the plus-icon 3. Enforce For Replication when insert, update or delete is performed by the replication agent 4. Enforce Foreign Key Constraint specify is changes are allowed for columns connected to the relationship if this would invalidate the relationship 5. INSERT And UPDATE Specification give a possibility to add cascading rules for the commands: No Action causes an error message if the deletion is not allowed Cascade deletes the rows connected to the relationship Set Null causes null value for the filed if all foreign key columns for the table can accept null values Set Default sets the default value for the column if all foreign key columns for the table have defaults defined 6. Identity gives the possibility to define the name and description for the relationship. When the dialog is filled the relationship is graphically displayed in the picture. Picture: Graphical representation of the relationship

10 6. Adding content to the tables Content can be added to the tables using Microsoft SQL Server Management tool. Do the following: 1. Choose the database folder from the Object Explorer 2. Choose folder Tables from the Object Explorer 3. Choose the table from the Tables folder and press right button 4. Choose Open Table from the menu 5. Add content to the table 6. Close the table folder. Picture: Adding content to table

11 7. Designing queries Microsoft SQL Server Management Tool can give graphical help for designing queries. Do the following: 1. Press New Query icon in the icon toolbar 2. Select the database from the icon toolbar 3. Choose Design Query Editor from the toolbar 4. Choose the tables from dialog window 5. Fill the Query Designer window Picture: Adding tables dialog window Picture: Query Designer Window

12 To design a query in Query Designer window do the following: 1. Choose the columns needed from the tables by selecting the checkboxes 2. Choose the sort column by filling the sort order number to the textbox of the column used for sorting 3. Choose the sorting order selecting the sorting order from the Sort Type combobox 4. Add filtering rules to the Filter text box of the filtering column 5. Click OK-button Query Design window looks like this: Picture: Query Designer window in use Now the query has been designed. You can save the query selecting Save SqlQuery As from the File menu. Picture: Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio window when the query has been designed

13 When the query has been designed it can also be executed. Press the!execute icon from the icon toolbar. When the query has been executed the resultset will be shown at the bottom of the window. The resultset can be seen either in table form or text form by selecting the corresponding icon from the icon toolbar. The resultset can also be saved to a file. Picture: The resultset in the window when the query have been executed It is possible to modify the query in the window and execute the query again. If there are errors in the query the error message will be shown at the bottom of the window instead of the resultset. It is possible to run other type of commands instead of the SELECT command. For instance INSERT, UPDATE od DELETE commands can be executed.