Nuclear Science and Technology Education and Training in Indonesia

Transcription

1 Nuclear Science and Technology Education and Training in Indonesia Karsono Education and Training Center National Nuclear Energy Agency - INDONESIA Technical Meeting on Asian Network for Higher Education in Nuclear Technology October 2005, Hanoi, Vietnam 1. Background Deployment of nuclear technology requires adequate nuclear infrastructure which includes governmental infrastructure, science and technology infrastructure, education and training infrastructure, and industrial infrastructure. Governmental infrastructure in nuclear, i.e. BATAN (the National Nuclear Energy Agency) and BAPETEN (the Nuclear Energy Control Agency), need adequate number of qualified manpower with general and specific knowledge of nuclear. Science and technology infrastructure is mainly contained in the R & D institutes, education and training centers, scientific academies and professional associations, and national industry. The effectiveness of this infrastructure mainly depends on the quality of the manpower, in addition to the funding and available facilities. Development of human resource needed for research, development, and utilization of nuclear technology in the country needs special attention. Since the national industry is still in its infant stage, the strategy for HRD (human resource development) in the nuclear field addresses the needs of the following: BATAN for its research and development, promotion, and training; BAPETEN for its regulatory functions and training; users of nuclear technology in industry, medicine, agriculture, research, and other areas; radiation safety officers in organizations or institutions licensed to use radioactive materials; the education sector, especially lecturers and teachers, in tertiary and secondary education. Nuclear science and technology is a multidisciplinary and a highly specialized subject. It includes areas such as nuclear and reactor physics, thermal hydraulics, chemistry, material science, radiation protection, nuclear safety, health science, and radioactive waste management. Therefore, a broad nuclear education is absolutely essential to master the wide

2 areas of science and technology used in the nuclear domain. The universities and other institutions of higher education are the only institutions that offer such a high and diversifed education. In addition, in-house training institution is compulsory and important in fullfilling the demand of qualified nuclear human resource. 2. Training at Nuclear Energy Authority The Education and Training Center of BATAN (ETC) is responsible for nuclear and nuclear-related training courses for BATAN personnel. Some trainings are conducted in BATAN, and some others are overseas trainings. ETC also regularly conducts training courses in radiation protection for radiation protection officers in academic and research institutions, hospital and medical institutions, and industrial company, as well as radiographic training (NDT) courses for users in industry. Training courses on nuclear science for university lectures and students, and introductory course on nuclear technology for high school science teachers are also provided. Since 1982 ETC, supported by other centres within BATAN, has conducted around 511 training courses in nuclear and nuclear-related fields involving around 10,477 participants. The nuclear and nuclear-related trainings cover varietes fields categorized into nuclear fuel and nuclear material, nuclear installation and instrumentation, nuclear safety and radiation safety, radiation and radioisotope application, nuclear reactor and nuclear energy, material science, and informatics/computing and mathematical modelling. In average, 20 to 30 participants attend each training course. The number of nuclear and nuclear-related trainings (by category) conducted in the period is shown in the following figure National Training Courses on Nuclear and Nuclear-Related Fields (by Category) Number Nuclear Fuel & Nuc. Material Informatics & math. modelling Nuc. installation & Instrument. Nuclear & Radiation Safety Year Radiation & Radioisotope Reactor & Nuclear Energy Material Science

3 ETC regularly conducts, in average, 35 training courses per year with 20 to 30 participants for each training. Some of these trainings are regular training courses on radiography for industrial workers, and radiation protection to users of radioisotopes in academic and research institutions, hospitals and medical institutions, and industrial companies. These courses range from three days to three weeks. The following are eamples of trainings conducted in BATAN in 2004 Nuclear and Nuclear-related Trainings conducted at BATAN in 2004 No Title 1 BATAN Accelerator School (BAS) 2 BATAN-JAERI (JTC) on Application of Nuclear Technique in Industry and Environment for Safety of Nuclear Facility 3 Utilization of Information Technology and Internet Usage 4 Requalification for Radiation Protection Officer 5 Radiation Protection for New Employee 6 Safety Inspection For Nuclear Installation and Radiation Facility 7 Refreshment for Operator and Supervisor Kartini Reactor 8 Computation Method for Simulation and Modeling Using ANSYS BATAN-JAERI (JTC) on Radiation Measurement and Nuclear Spectroscopy 10 National Training Course on In-Service Inspection of Research Reactor 11 National Basic Professional Training Course on Nuclear Safety 12 Installation of Supporting Facilities for Research Activities 13 Refreshment for Operator and Supervisor G.A. Siwabessy Reactor 14 Maintenance of Research Reactor 15 Microcontroller Application on Nuclear Instrumentation 16 BATAN-JAERI (JTC) on Radiation Protection 17 Radiochemistry 18 Coaching on Instructor for Nuclear Spectroscopy System 19 Coaching on Hot Cell Operator 20 Coaching on Sample Preparation and TEM Operation ETC arranges also overseas training for BATAN personnel. During there were around 2,143 overseas trainings attended by BATAN personnel. 3

4 Overseas Training Courses on Nuclear and Nuclear-Related Fields (by Category) Year Number Nuclear Fuel & Nuc. Material Informatics & math. modelling Nuc. installation & Instrument. Nuclear & Radiation Safety Radiation & Radioisotope Reactor & Nuclear Energy Material Science The following figure represents training scheme for the new employees who will work in nuclear power plant or other nuclear installations (they usually graduated from general engineering, physics, chemistry, etc.).. Basic Level I Level II New Recruitment Introduction to the Nuclear Radiation and its Application Introduction to Nuclear Engineering Introduction to the Radiation and Isotope Application Technique Basic Training Course on Nuclear Safety Basic Training Course on Radiation Protection Radiation Protection Officer in Research Reactor, Nuclear Fuel, Radioactive Waste, and other Nuclear Installation Operator of Research Reactor Maintenance Operator of Research Reactor Operator of Nuclear Power Plant Maintenance Operator of Nuclear Power Plant Operator of the Radiation and Isotope Application Maintenance Operator Supervisor of Research Reactor Maintenance Supervisor of Research Reactor Other Proffesional Training Course Radiation Protection Officer in Nuclear Power Plant Supervisor of Nuclear Power Plant Maintenance Supervisor of Nuclear Power Plant Other Proffesional Training Course Radiation Protection Officer in the Radiation and Isotope Application Supervisor of the Radiation and Isotope Application Maintenance Supervisor Other Proffesional Training Course Supporting Competency (Administrative, Quality Assurance, Informatics, etc.) Most of the training courses have been conducted by the Education and Training Center of 4

5 BATAN, and attended by participants from BATAN or professionals from outside of BATAN. In addition, some staffs participated in international or regional trainings and on the job training in special topic (other proffessional training courses). Some training courses related to nuclear power plant, the middle parts of Level I and Level II, are still under preparation. In addition to training courses, BATAN accepts high school, undergraduate and graduate students for on the-job training, as well as thesis and research advisorships, in different areas of nuclear science. 3. Education at universities and Other Higher Education Institutions Manpower supply for BATAN, BAPETEN, users of nuclear technology, radiation safety officers, as well as the education sector are coming from public and private schools and universities (including higher educations other than universities). ETC is also responsible for planning, monitoring, and evaluating the education programme for BATAN personnel. The education is carried out by sending them to some domestic as well as overseas universities in the framework of government-financed, international, regional, or bilateral cooperations to take master or Ph.D. in nuclear or nuclear-related subjects. There many universities universities in the country that offer full-courses for undergraduate students in science, such as physics, chemistry, and biology. There are also many universities that have engineering faculty such as electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering. But unfortunately, at this time there is no university offering a full-course in nuclear engineering, although some universities offer nuclear engineering or nuclear-related as major. There is only institution of higher education engaging in nuclear technolgy is PoINT (the Polytechnic Institute of Nuclear Technology). PoINT, a four-year higher education institute, is an accredited educational institute for Diploma Program, and was inaugurated in August As an educational institute under the auspices of BATAN (National Nuclear Energy Agency), the main objective of the institute is to provide education and training facilities to support human resource development program, especially to enhance manpower capabilities in dealing with nuclear science and technology. The University of Gadjah Mada (UGM), the University of Indonesia (UI), and the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) are three among many higher educational institutions engaging in science and technology with profound infrastructure. These institutions provide also vocational training in various disciplines including engineering and safety aspect for industrial purposes. Through the cooperation with BATAN, in around 1980 s and 1990 they are engaged in nuclear engineering, radiation protection, and nuclear instrumentation courses. The radiation protection course and the nuclear instrumentation course were abolished in around 1990, and since 2003 the Engineering Faculty of the UGM did not offer anymore a 5

6 full course in nuclear engineering. In addition, the ITB offered graduate course in nuclear engineering for 3 years only, started in At present, however, at the Engineering Faculty (UGM) nuclear engineering is still offered as major to students of the Engineering Physics Department, whereas the Faculty of Science (UI) offers medical physics as major to physics students. Doctoral program in nuclear-related subject are available at UGM and ITB. 6