EzLearn2U.my. TINGKATAN 4 KIMIA BAB 8 GARAM Soalan Objektif
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1 TINGKTN 4 KIMI 8 GRM Soalan Objektif ntara garam yang berikut, yang manakah boleh disediakan melalui tindak balas pemendakan? arium sulfat Natrium klorida luminium nitrat Kalium karbonat 2 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas yang melibatkan sebatian G. Precipitate Mendakan G dded with dilute hydrochloric acid and filtered Tambah asid hidroklorik cair dan dituras Solution Larutan dded with ammonia solution until excess Tambah larutan ammonia sehingga berlebihan White precipitate dissolves Mendakan putih melarut G adalah campuran dua garam. pakah G? Plumbum (II) nitrat dan zink karbonat Plumbum (II)nitrat dan aluminium nitrat rgentum sulfat dan kuprum (II) karbonat Magnesium sulfat dan plumbum (II) karbonat Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan radas bagi kesan haba ke atas bahan W. Selepas beberapa minit air kapur menjadi keruh. W Heat Panaskan Lime water ir kapur Jisim tabung didih dengan kandungan sebelum dan selepas dipanaskan dicatatkan dalam jadual di bawah. Sebelum pemanasan Selepas pemanasan.25 g g Hitung isipadu gas yang terbebas dalam dm pada suhu bilik. [Jisim atom relatif : =2 ; O=6 ; Zn=65 ; Isipadu molar pada suhu bilik = 24 dm mol - ] ntara sebatian berikut yang manakah garam terlarutkan? Kalsium klorida arium sulfat Plumbum (II) iodida Magnesium karbonat
2 mmonium sulfat digunakan sebagai baja kimia. aja ini boleh disediakan dalam makmal melalui tindak balas antara Na2SO4 (aq) +Pb(NO)2 (aq) 2NaNO (aq) + PbSO4 (s) Gas amonia dan sulfur trioksida Gas amonia, sulfur dan oksigen Larutan akueus amonia dan sulfur dioksida Larutan akueus amonia dan asid sulfurik cair 6 Yang manakah antara pasangan bahan kimia berikut paling sesuai untuk menyediakan garam kuprum (II) sulfat? Kuprum dan larutan asid sulfurik cair Kuprum (II) carbonate with dilute sulphuric acid Kuprum (II) karbonat dan larutan asid sulfurik cair Larutan kuprum (II) nitrat dan larutan natrium sulfat 7 Rajah menunjukkan formula bagi suatu garam nitrat. XNO ntara berikut yang manakah mungkin ion bagi X? I II III IV Ion argentum Ion hidroksida Ion karbonat Ion ammonium I dan III I dan IV II dan III II dan IV ntara berikut, yang manakah persamaan ion yang betul bagi persamaan kimia tersebut? Na + + NO - NaNO Na + + SO4 2- Na2SO4 Pb NO - Pb(NO)2 Pb 2+ + SO4 2- PbSO4 9 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan langkah-langkah untuk menyediakan suatu garam larut. X Excess X X berlebihan - 50 cm of 2.0 mol dm acid - 50 cm of 2.0 mol dm acid Salt solution Larutan garam The solution is allowed to cool Larutan dibiarkan sejuk Heat Panaskan ntara berikut yang manakah mungkin X? Kuprum Kuprum (II) oksida Natrium oksida Kalium oksida 8 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan persamaan kimia bagi penyediaan garam tak terlarutkan 2
3 0 Pernyataan berikut menunjukkan langkah-langkah yang diambil dalam satu eksperimen. Larutan plumbum(ii) nitrat dicampurkan dengan larutan kalium iodida ampuran dituraskan aki turasan pada kertas turas ialah plumbum(ii) iodida Langkah-langkah tersebut adalah berkaitan dengan Penyediakan garam terlarut Penyediakan garam tak terlarut Penulenan garam terlarut Penulenan garam tak terlarut Larutan plumbum (II) nitrat bertindak balas dengan kalium iodida untuk membentuk mendakan kuning dan larutan tidak berwarna. ntara persamaan ion berikut, yang manakah mewakili tindak balas tersebut? K + + I - KI Pb I - PbI2 K + + NO - KNO Pb NO - Pb(NO)2 2 ntara berikut, yang manakah garam tidak terlarutkan? Natrium karbonat Zink klorida rgentum nitrat rgentum klorida ntara berikut yang manakah suatu garam berwarna? Ferum (II) sulfat rgentum nitrat Plumbum (II) nitrat Kalsium karbonat 4 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pemanasan logam X dan hasil yang diperolehi. ahan X Garam Y + Gas oksigen + Gas nitrogen dioksida pakah kemungkinan bahan X? Magnesium oksida Magnesium nitrat Zink karbonat Zink oksida 5 Kaca forokromik menjadi gelap apabila didedahkan kepada cahaya matahari. Garam yang digunakan untuk membuat kaca fotokromik ialah Plumbum (II) nitrat Kuprum (II) sulfat Ferum (II) sulfat rgentum klorida 6 mmonium sulfat, (NH4)2SO4 adalah satu contoh baja. Hitungkan peratus nitrogen dalam mol ammonium sulfat. [ Jisim atom relatif : N=4, H=, S=2, O=6 ] 2.2 % 2.2 % 2.2 %. %
4 7 ntara pasangan bahan yang manakah digunakan untuk menyediakan garam uso4? u(no)2 dan Na2SO4 uo dan H2SO4 u dan H2SO4 u dan MgSO4 8 pabila serbuk garam P dipanaskan, pemerhatian berikut diperoleh : Serbuk hijau menjadi hitam Gas yang terbebas mengeruhkan air kapur pakah garam P? Kuprum (II) karbonat Kuprum (II) oksida Zink karbonat Natrium karbonat 9 Jadual menunjukkan ujian kation bagi larutan X. Ujian Larutan natrium hidroksida ditambahkan ke dalam larutan akueus X sehingga berlebihan. kueus ammonia ditambah ke dalam larutan X. Pemerhatian Mendakan putih terbentuk. Mendakan putih tidak larut dalam larutan natrium hidroksida berlebihan. Tiada mendakan. pakah kation yang hadir dalam larutan X? NH4 + Zn 2+ Mg 2+ a Yang manakah suatu garam terlarut? Kuprum(II) karbonat Plumbum(II) sulfat rgentum klorida Ferum(II) nitrat 4
5 Soalan Subjektif Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk menyiasat tindak balas peneutralan antara.0 mol dm - asid sulfurik dan 25cm larutan natrium hidroksida. erapa titis penunjuk fenolftalein ditambah kepada larutan natrium hidroksida di dalam kelalang kon. sid ditambahkan perlahan-lahan ke dalam kelalang kon sehingga takat akhir. Keputusan eksperimen adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam jadual di bawah. (a) (b) (c) acaan awal buret (cm ) acaan akhir buret (cm ) Isipadu asid yang digunakan (cm ) Nyatakan perubahan warna fenolftalein pada takat akhir Lengkapkan jadual di atas dengan menghitung isipadu asid sulfurik yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini. [ markah] [ 2 markah] Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dalam eksperimen ini. [ 2 markah] (d) (i) Hitung purata isipadu asid sulfurik yang diguna dalam tindak balas ini. (ii) [ markah] Hitung bilangan mol asid sulfurik yang diguna dalam tindak balas ini. [ markah]
6 (e) Namakan satu bahan lain yang dapat menggantikan fenolftalein. (f) Lukiskan gambar rajah berlabel bagi susunan radas yang berfungsi yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini. [ markah] [ 2 markah] 2 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan radas untuk tindak balas peneutralan antara asid nitrik dan larutan kalium hidroksida untuk penyediaan garam X cm of 0.5 mol dm potassium hydroxide solution + phenolphthalein indicator 20.0 cm larutan kalium hidroksida 0.5 mol dm + penunjuk fenolftalein 20.0 cm of 0.5 mol dm nitric acid 20.0 cm asid nitrik 0.5 mol dm (a) Nyatakan perubahan warna larutan dalam kelalang kon pada takat akhir. [ markah] 2
7 (b) (i) Namakan garam X. (ii) (iii) Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas di atas. Hitungkan jisim maksimum garam X yang terbentuk. [Jisim molar garam X = 0 g mol - ] [ markah] [ markah] [ markah] (c) (i) Eksperimen itu diulangi dengan menggunakan 0.5 mol dm - asid sulfuric bagi menggantikan asid nitric. Ramalkan isipadu asid sulfurik yang diperlukan untuk peneutralan lengkap. (ii) (iii) Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (c)(i). Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindakbalas dalam (c)(i). [ markah] [ 2 markah] [ markah]
8 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas yang melibatkan sebatian plumbum. Lead(II) nitrate Plumbum(II) nitrat Heat Panaskan dd dilute hydrochloric acid Tambah asid hidroklorik cair White precipitate M Mendakan putik M (a) Namakan pepejal J. (b) (c) Solid J Pepejal J + dd dilute nitric acid Tambah asid nitrik cair Solution N Larutan N pakah warna pepejal J apabila panas dan apabila sejuk? Mixture of gases K and L ampuran gas K and L [ markah] [ markah] Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas yang berlaku apabila plumbum (II) nitrat dipanaskan. (d) Namakan mendakan putih M. [ 2 markah] (e) Nyatakan satu ujian kimia untuk mengenalpasti kation dalam larutan N. [ markah] [ 2 markah] 4
9 (f) Terangkan secara ringkas bagaimana anda boleh memperoleh suatu sample kering garam N daripada larutan N. [ markah] 4 Tindak balas peneutralan di antara asid dan alkali boleh digunakan untuk menyediakan garam yang larut dalam air. (a) (b) sid + alkali garam + air. engan menggunakan asid dan alkali yang sesuai, huraikan bagaimana anda boleh menyediakan sampel garam terlarutkan yang tulen menggunakan tindakbalas peneutralan. [ 2 markah] nda telah diberikan satu contoh pepejal garam kuprum(ii) nitrat, Huraikan satu ujian kimia yang boleh anda gunakan untuk mengesahkan kehadiran ion kuprum(ii) dan ion nitrat dalam sampel tersebut. [ 8 markah] 5
10 Jawapan Soalan Objektif
11 Jawapan Soalan Subjektif (a) Merah jambu menjadi tidak berwarna (b) Experiment : 22.40cm 2 2 Experiment 2: 22.20cm Experiment : 22.00cm (c) H2SO4 + 2NaOH K2SO4 + 2H2O 2 2 (d) (i) isipadu purata = ( ) 2 = 22.0 cm (ii) il mol asid sulfurik = (22.0 x.0) 000 = mol. (e) Metal jingga (f) Rajah pentitratan / lengkap berlabel (a) Pink to colourless (b) (c) (i) (ii) (iii) (i) (ii) (iii) Kalium nitrat KOH + HNO KNO + H2O il mol KOH/HNO = 20 x 0.5/ 000// = 0.0 mol KOH/HNO mol of KNO 0.0 mol KOH/HNO 0.0 mol of KNO Jisim KOH/HNO = 0.0 x 0//.0 g 0 cm sid sulfurik adalah diprotik, manakala asid nitrik adalah monoprotik. il ion hidrogen dalam asid sulfurik adalah berganda H + + OH - H2O
12 (a) Plumbum (II) oksida (b) Perang apabila panas, kuning ketika sejuk (c) 2Pb(NO)2 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2 2 2 (d) Plumbum (II) klorida (e) Tambahkan larutan kalium iodida // tambahkan larutan natrium 2 klorida / Mendakan kuning terbentuk // mendakan putih terbentuk (f) Panaskan sehingga tepu. Sejatkan larutan. Keringkan menggunakan kertas turas. 0 4 (a) [25-00 cm ] [ mol dm - ] larutan alkali diukur dan dimasukkan ke dalam kelalang kon. 2- titis fenolftalein ditambahkan. uret diisikan penuh dan bacaan awal dicatatkan. sid dititratkan secara perlahan ke dalam kelalang kon sehingga warna merah jambu bertukar menjadi tidak berwarna. Isipadu asid dicatatkan. Eksperimen diulang tanpa menggunakan sebarang penunjuk. ampuran dipanaskan sehingga tepu Larutan tepu disejukkan dan hablur garam yang terbentuk ditapis dan dibilas menggunakan air suling. Garam dikeringkan menggunakan kertas turas. (b) Ujian u Garam dilarutkan dalam air suling 2. 2ml larutan natrium hidroksida 0.M ditambahkan. Mendakan biru diperhatikan 4. Mendakan tidak larut apabila NaOH ditambah berlebihan Ujian NO cm asid sulfuric ditambahkan ke dalam larutan garam 2. 2cm if Ferum (II) sulfat ditambahkan. eberapa titis asid sulfurik pekat ditambahkan 4. incin perang diperhatikan 20 2
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