Information Technology for Knowledge Management

Transcription

1 Uwe M. Borghoff Remo Pareschi (Eds.) Information Technology for Knowledge Management Foreword by Dan K. Holtshouse With 59 Figures Springer

2 Table of Contents Foreword * D. K. Holtshouse V Part I. Introduction 1. Introduction U. M. Borghoff, R. Pareschi Why Knowledge? Structure and Content of the Book The Knowledge Life-Cycle and the Knowledge Management Architecture The Flow of Knowledge Knowledge Cartography: Knowledge Navigation, Mapping, and Simulation Communities of Knowledge Workers Knowledge Repositories and Libraries 12 Part II. The Flow of Knowledge 2. The Lessons Learned Cycle G. v. Heijst, R. v. der Spek, E. Kruizinga Introduction Corporate Memories Lessons Learned Processes Individual Learning Learning Through Communication Developing a Knowledge Repository Dependencies Between the Learning Processes Summary Examples of Corporate Memories The Knowledge Attic The Knowledge Sponge 27

3 VIII Table of Contents The Knowledge Publisher The Knowledge Pump Structuring Corporate Memories Elements of the Corporate Memory Indexing the Corporate Memory Attributes of Knowledge Items Knowledge Profiles of Employees Discussion and Future Work Knowledge Pump: Supporting the Flow and Use of Knowledge N. Glance, D. Arregui, M. Dardenne Introduction * Related Work Document Management and Digital Libraries Information Filtering Design Objectives and Requirements Designing for the User Designing for the Community Designing for the Organization Implementation Functionality: Document Management and Recommendation Technical Aspects: Community-Centered Collaborative Filtering Architecture: A Client-Server System Summary and Outlook 50 Part III. Knowledge Cartography 4. Negotiating the Construction of Organisational Memories S. Buckingham Shum Introduction and Definitions Characterising Knowledge Work A Study of Knowledge Workers Wicked Problems Negotiation, Argumentation and Knowledge Work Visualising Argumentation Collaborative Hypermedia Infrastructure What Kinds of Knowledge are Captured? Argumentation in Use Hands-on Practicalities The Cognitive Costs and Benefits Modes of Groupwork Organisational Culture 68

4 Table of Contents IX Negotiating the "Context Paradox" "Knowledge (Management) is Power": Ethical and Representational Issues The Politics of Formalisation "Participatory KM" Based on Stable, Sanctioned Knowledge Conclusion A Technology for Supporting Knowledge Work: The RepTool B. Jordan, R. Goldman, A. Eichler Introduction Views provided by the RepTool * Technical Details The RepTool Database Graphic Views and Maps Connection between the Database and Graphical Representations System Requirements Working with the RepTool Supporting Teams in a Client-Focused Campaign Supporting Operational Work Using the RepTool RepToolian Visions: The RepTool in the World Views of Knowledge and Knowledge Management RepToolian Data Collection: Systematic and Relevant RepToolian Conversations Support for Participatory Knowledge Management 96 Part IV. Communities of Knowledge Workers 6. An Environment for Cooperative Knowledge Processing W. Prinz, A.Syri Introduction Application Scenario Requirements POLlTeam Solutions and Experiences Circulation Folders Shared Workspaces Integrated Use of Both Cooperation Tools Summary 119

5 X Table of Contents 7. Ariadne: Supporting Coordination Through a Flexible Use of Knowledge Processes C. Simone, M. Divitini Introduction Ariadne: A Description of the Framework The Notion of Coordination Mechanism The Categories of Articulation Work The Ariadne Environment The Role of Communication Features Ariadne at Work: A Working Example The Scenario Constructing Computational Coordination Mechanism* Using a Computational Coordination Mechanism Modifying a Computational Coordination Mechanism ABACO: An Agent Based Implementation of Ariadne The Multi-Layer Structure of ABACO The Interoperability Language Conclusions 147 Part V. Knowledge Repositories and Libraries 8. From Natural Language Documents to Sharable Product Knowledge: A Knowledge Engineering Approach D. Rosner, B. Grote, K. Hartman, B. Hofling Introduction Knowledge Acquisition from Natural Language Documents Approaches to Knowledge Acquisition Content of Documents Macrostructure Discourse Structure Linguistic Realization Knowledge Representation Requirements Analysis and Representation Decisions Knowledge Formalization Expressing the Knowledge: The TechDoc Generator System Architecture Linguistic Resources Example Knowledge Management Benefits Costs and Possible Optimization A Practical Solution: The Authoring Tool Discussion Summary and Future Work 181

6 Table of Contents XI 9. Corporate Memories for Knowledge Management in Industrial Practice: Prospects and Challenges O. Kiihn, A. Abecker Introduction Knowledge Management and Corporate Memories Current Knowledge Management Deficits Computer Support for Knowledge Management ; Towards the Realization of a Corporate Memory Three Case Studies Study 1: Crankshaft Design Study 2: Quality Assurance for Vehicle Components Study 3: Bid Preparation for Oil Production Systems» Lessons Learned from the Case Studies Crucial Corporate Memory Requirements Corporate Memory versus Expert System Core Functionalities of an Organizational Memory Corporate Memory Architecture How to Develop a Corporate Memory Future Work Summary 205 References 207 Contributors 223 List of Figures 225 List of Tables 227 Index 229